1. CONTROLLING PATIENTS'WEIGHT: IS THERE A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OBESITY AND GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE IN BONE MARROW RECIPIENTS? A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
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EPL Sobrinho, OMV Neto, BF Felix, GHR Teixeira, MRFR Neto, CDC Gentile, EAC Lima, PE Oliveira, JM Dubanhevitz, and LP Amorim
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Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs ,RC633-647.5 - Abstract
Objectives: This review aims to evaluate the impact of obesity on Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) recipients diagnosed with Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD), in different age groups. Material and methods: A search was carried out on the PubMed and Virtual Health Library platforms, using the descriptors “Graft-versus-Host Disease”and “Obesity”. Articles in English published between 2011 and 2021 were selected. Rayyan® and Microsoft Excel® software were used to select manuscripts and interpret results. Results: 47 articles were found. 7 duplicates and 32 articles that did not focus on the relationship between obesity and GvHD were removed. 8 articles were included in this study, of which 2 are meta-analyses and 6 are retrospective cohorts. 24.9% of BMT recipients are obese (Pereira et al., 2015). Fuji et al. (2015) points out that the three main prognostic nutritional factors in BMT are obesity, diabetes mellitus and liver dysfunction. In children, the meta-analysis by Yaseri et al. (2021) showed a higher prevalence of acute GvHD when compared to non-obese children (OR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.5‒3.02, p < 0.001); while the work by Barker et al. (2011) showed a 1.55 times higher risk (95% CI: 1.00‒2.41; p = 0.05). The meta-analysis by Nakao et al. (2014), without age group restriction, obtained a relative risk of 1,186 (95% CI: 1,072–1,312) of acute GvHD in overweight individuals, compared to non-overweight patients. Another important criterion for discussion is acute post-BMT hyperglycemia, which is associated with a higher risk of acute GvHD, infection and mortality post-BMT (Fuji et al., 2015). In obese individuals, however, the study by Gebremedhin et al. (2013) concluded that, in these individuals, unlike non-obese individuals, severe hyperglycemia, developed in 30.5% of patients, did not significantly affect the risk of acute GvHD (none of the 34 obese subjects developed GvHD). The only study addressing geriatric obesity regarding the risk of GvHD states that there is no difference in the incidence of acute and chronic GvHD between obese and non-obese elderly people, one year after BMT (Voshtina et al., 2019). Discussion: Obesity is a global problem, and 12.5% of individuals are obese (PAHO, 2024). The studies retrieved indicate that there is a higher prevalence of this comorbidity in BMT recipients than in the general population. There are important variances in the values obtained for the relationship between obesity in BMT recipients and the development of GvHD, with one of the main factors involved in this difference being the age group of the patients. Acute hyperglycemia is harmful to newly transplanted patients, increasing the risk of GVHD, infections and BMT complications, and is intrinsically related to oxidative stress proposed by the release of chemokines. The study of a possible protective factor in obesity against the damage caused by acute hyperglycemia, especially regarding the risk of developing acute GvHD, deserves special attention from Onco-hematology. Conclusion: Obesity is a very likely and well-founded risk factor for the development of GvHD, and its prevalence is increased in BMT recipients. The care of obese patients, in specialized BMT services, involves increased attention to the risk of GvHD, which reduces quality of life, increasing the risk of infections and general mortality.
- Published
- 2024
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