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Background: Scots Pine is one of the main forest-forming species in boreal forests; it has great economic and ecological significance. This study aimed to develop and test primers for detecting nucleotide polymorphisms in genes that are promising for detecting adaptive genetic variability in populations of Pinus sylvestris in the Urals and adjacent territories. Objectives: The objects of the study were 13 populations of Scots Pine located in the Perm Territory, Chelyabinsk Region, and the Republic of Bashkortostan. Results: Sixteen pairs of primers to loci of potentially adaptively significant genes were developed, from which three pairs of primers were selected to detect the nucleotide diversity of the studied populations. The indicator of total haplotype diversity determined in the three studied loci varied from 0.620 (Pinus-12 locus) to 0.737 (Pinus-11 locus) and, on average, amounted to 0.662. The nucleotide diversity indicators in P. sylvestris in the study region were, on average, low (π = 0.004, θW = 0.013). Their highest values were found at the Pinus-12 locus (π = 0.005; θW = 0.032), and the lowest were found at the Pinus-15 locus (π = 0.003; θW = 0.002). This indicates that Pinus-15 is the most conserved of the three studied loci. In the three studied P. sylvestris loci associated with adaptation to environmental factors, 97 polymorphic positions were identified. The 13 populations of P. sylvestris are characterized by an average level of genetic diversity (Hd = 0.662; π = 0.004; θ = 0.013). Conclusions: The polymorphic loci of adaptively significant genes of P. sylvestris can help identify the adaptive potential of pine forests in conditions of increasing ambient temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysis and dissection of native germplasm resources and characterization of their relationships are essential for conservation and plant breeding programs. To study the diversity pattern of alfalfa populations in the East Azerbaijan province of Iran, 900 accessions belonging to 30 local populations were collected and subjected to microsatellite profiling. Seven simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci were harnessed to analyze and characterize the studied populations. Data driven from microsatellite markers were analyzed, and diversity indices such as the effective number of alleles, polymorphic information content (PIC), and Shannon's index underwent estimation. Moreover, cluster analysis using the neighbor-joining algorithm and principal coordinate analysis were further performed to elucidate the relationships among the studied populations. Totally, 47 SSR alleles were observed in the studied alfalfa populations. The mean allele numbers per locus were 6.71 and ranged from 2 to 12. Additionally, the PIC for the applied SSRs was 0.66. The analysis of molecular variance indicated a significant difference between and within the studied alfalfa populations (P < 0.00001). Furthermore, genetic distance analysis demonstrated that populations are clustered into three distinct groups, of which Ghara-Yonjeh had a larger distance from other populations. These results revealed that the studied local population in the northwest regions of Iran harbors higher genetic diversity and is a valuable resource for future alfalfa germplasm conservation and breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objectives Gout is caused by the response of the innate immune system to monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. A recent gout GWAS identified a signal of genetic association at a locus encompassing IL1RN-IL1F10. Colocalisation analysis using Genotype Tissue Expression Database (GTEx) eQTL data showed that the signal overlaps with genetic control of IL1RN/IL1F10 gene expression. We assess the functional implications of IL1RN rs9973741, the lead gout-associated variant. Methods We conducted functional validation of IL1RN rs9973741 in patients with gout and controls. The transcription level of IL1RN/IL1F10 was investigated in unstimulated or MSU-crystal co-stimulated PBMCs. Ex vivo functional assays were performed in PBMCs stimulated with C16 + MSU crystals or LPS for 24 h. Cytokine levels were assessed by ELISA. Results In unstimulated PBMCs, no association of IL1RN rs9973741 (gout risk allele G) to IL1RN expression was observed while IL-1F10 was hindered by low expression at both transcriptional and protein levels. However, G allele carriers showed lower IL1RN expression in PBMCs stimulated with C16/MSU crystal and lower concentrations of circulating IL-1Ra in both controls and gout patients. PBMCs depicted less spontaneous IL-1Ra release in GG homozygous controls and lower IL-1Ra production in response to C16 + MSU crystal costimulation in patients with gout. The G allele was associated with elevated IL-1β cytokine production in response to C16 + MSU crystal stimulation in controls. Conclusions The gout risk allele G associates with lower circulating IL-1Ra, lower IL-1Ra production in PBMC assays and elevated IL-1β production in PBMCs challenged with C16 + MSU crystals but not in unchallenged cells. Our data indicate that the genetic signal that associates with gout at IL1RN-IL1F10 region functions to alter expression of IL-1Ra when stimulated by MSU crystals.

The relevance of this study is due to the lack of works in Russian historiography that would examine in detail the phenomenon of locatio as an act of creating a possession. Using a comprehensive method of historical research, the author comprehensively studies both the legal component of the mentioned phenomenon and its practical component: we are talking about arcifinius as a technical expression of locus. The author’s goal is to, having comprehensively studied the procedure of simple locatio, give a legal assessment of the phenomenon itself, as well as determine its place in the system of Roman agrimensura and in Roman land law. The work uses the works of outstanding Roman agrimensors, such as Hyginus the Elder and Agennius Urbicus (Corpus Agrimensorum Romanorum), as well as extensive historiography, both domestic and foreign. As a result of the undertaken research, the author comes to the following conclusions: firstly, locus and arcifinius in the archaic period of Roman history symbolized the category ager publicus; secondly, the possession that arose in the public field as a result of locatio was secured by the ancient law of ius Quiritium and retained its significance until the era of the Empire; thirdly, during the Empire, land provided to citizens as possessions on a lease basis began to be allocated in a similar way. Thus, the ancient locatio retains its significance throughout the history of the Roman state.

The quantitative impact of prominence (neutral vs emphatic stress) on the coarticulation of the Russian low [æ], mid [e] and high [i] front vowels is evaluated in CV sequences with palatalized consonants of various places of obstruction. The research is conditioned by the aims of speech synthesis and recognition of the Russian language, the current data in the field being insufficient. First order linear equations (locus equations) are used to evaluate the degree of CV coarticulation. The experiment is performed on CjVCjV nonsense words imbedded in the middle position of a carrier phrase «Vyros CVCV sjyljnym» («CjVCjV has grown up strong»). The first syllable of the target words was uttered both with neutral and emphatic stress. The Praat software was used to measure F2 formant values at vowel onsets and central parts. It was established that linear regression slopes are similar both in the Y-intercepts and slope coefficients for the palatalized consonants of various places of obstruction uttered with the same prominence. The degree of coarticulation was different depending upon the type of prominence (neutral or emphatic): the coefficients were lower in case of the emphatic stress compared to those of the neutral one. ANOVA analysis and Student’s t-test were performed to reveal the difference in F2 values of vowel onsets and middle parts as a function of the vowel openness and type of prominence. The results obtained were interpreted based on the degree of the openness of the vowels under study: an open vowel under emphatic stress tends to expand its vowel space by a backward displacement while close vowels tend to move forward in the mouth cavity when pronounced with emphatic stress.

BackgroundSleep disturbance is common, impairing, and may affect symptomatology in developmental neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we take a genetics-first approach to study the complex role of sleep in psychopathology. Specifically, we examine severity of sleep disturbance in individuals with a reciprocal copy number variant (CNV) at the 22q11.2 locus and determine sleep's effect on psychiatric symptoms. CNVs (deletion or duplication) at this locus confer some of the greatest known risks of neuropsychiatric disorders; recent studies suggest the 22q11.2 deletion negatively impacts sleep, but sleep disruption associated with 22q11.2 duplication has not been investigated.MethodsWe compared subjective sleep disturbance and its relationship to psychiatric symptoms cross-sectionally and longitudinally over 1 year in 107 22q11.2 deletion (22qDel) carriers (14.56±8.0 years; 50% male), 42 22q11.2 duplication (22qDup) carriers (16.26±13.1 years; 54.8% male), and 88 age- and sex-matched controls (14.65±7.4 years; 47.1% male). Linear mixed models were used to compare sleep disturbance, assessed via the Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes (SIPS), across groups. Next, CNV carriers were categorized as good or poor sleepers to investigate sleep effects on multiple neurobehavioral traits: psychosis-risk symptoms (SIPS), autism-related behaviors (Repetitive Behavior Scale (RBS) and Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS)), real-world executive function (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF)), and emotional/behavioral problems (Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)). Linear mixed models tested the effect of sleep category and a group-by-sleep interaction on each measure, cross-sectionally and longitudinally.Results22qDel and 22qDup carriers both reported poorer sleep than controls, but did not differ from each other. Cross-sectionally and longitudinally, poor sleepers scored higher on positive symptoms, anxious/depressed, somatic complaints, thought problems, and aggressive behavior, as well as RBS and SRS total scores. There were significant group-by-sleep interactions for positive symptoms and the majority of CBCL subdomains, in which the difference between good and poor sleepers was larger in 22qDel compared to 22qDup.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that CNVs at the 22q11.2 locus impact sleep which, in turn, influences psychopathology. Sleep disturbances can differentially impact psychopathology, depending on 22q11.2 gene dosage. Our findings serve as a starting point for exploring a genetic basis for sleep disturbance in developmental neuropsychiatric disorders.

Ternate Island is located on the North Maluku Sea. The North Maluku Sea region includes the Wallacea area and the world's coral triangle. One of the organisms commonly found in this sea is red algae. This study aimed to determine the red algae species by phylogenetic tree analysis based on the rbcL gene as a DNA marker. The preserved red algae tissue samples were extracted with the Geneaid GP100 DNA Extraction Kit Plant. The DNA sample was amplified and then visualized by 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. The amplicon products were sequenced and then aligned with the rbcL gene database that was available at the NCBI gene bank. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the UPGMA method. The results showed that red algae were identified into four species: namely Gibsmithia hawaiiensis (98.65%), C_rbcL sample was identical to Amansieae sp. (91.50%), D_rbcL sample was identical to Peyssonnelia sp. (95.54%), and G_rbcL sample was similar to Portieria hornemanniI (96.15%). Based on phylogenetic tree analysis, Gibsmithia hawaiiensis from North Maluku is closely related to species from Raja Ampat, West Papua, Indonesia, followed by the Philippines species. Special findings were found to carry out phylogenetic reconstructions that can answer inter-species kinship. The general finding is that the markers used can be used for phylogenetic construction. Phylogenetic construction of Peyssonnelia sp. in North Maluku is related to species from South Africa. North Maluku's Portieria hornemannii is closely related to a species from Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a continuation of our paper entitled "Symmedian locus Configuration, Part I ". Assume that C is a circle with center O and radius r. Fix a point H with r < OH < 3r. For the (C,H) -locus, there exists a unique (C,H) -locus satisfying the properties: (1)OH and OH are in opposite direction, (2) the (C,H) - and (C,H) -loci have the same symmedian circle, i.e. CH = CH, and (3) C ∩ CH ∩ C = {P,Q}. We also define the concept of a degenerate triangle inscribed in a circle and show that its orthocenter and symmedian point are well-defined. The above intersection points P and Q turn out to be the symmedian points of two pairs of degenerate triangles, one pair from the (C,H) -locus and the other from the (C,H) -locus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoarthritis is a chronic progressive joint disease that clinically debuts at the stage of pronounced morphologic changes, which makes treatment difficult. In this regard, an important task is the study of genetic markers of the disease, which have not been definitively established, due to the clinical and ethnic heterogeneity of the studied populations. To find the genetic markers for the development of knee osteoarthritis (OA) in women from the Volga-Ural region of Russia, we conducted research in two stages using different genotyping methods, such as the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) measurement, TaqMan technology and competitive allele-specific PCR—KASPTM. In the first stage, we studied polymorphic variants of candidate genes (ACAN, ADAMTS5, CHST11, SOX9, COL1A1) for OA development. The association of the *27 allele of the VNTR locus of the ACAN gene was identified (OR = 1.6). In the second stage, we replicated the GWAS results (ASTN2, ALDH1A2, DVWA, CHST11, GNL3, NCOA3, FILIP/SENP1, MCF2L, GLT8D, DOT1L) for knee OA studies. The association of the *T allele of the rs7639618 locus of the DVWA gene was detected (OR = 1.54). Thus, the VNTR locus of ACAN and the rs7639618 locus of DVWA are risk factors for knee OA in women from the Volga-Ural region of Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Worldwide, atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhytmia in all subtypes of cardiomyopathies (CMP). Genetic testing of CMP genes is a standard aspect of clinical management in affected families. Aim: To determine the association of selected genetic markers of patients with cardiomyopathies and atrial fibrillation in the region of eastern Slovakia. Patients and methods: After signing informed consent, clinical data and a venous blood sample were obtained from all study participants for genetic analysis. After analyzing the genetic results, allele and genotype frequencies were calculated in the patient group and in the control group. Our case-control study was conducted in a group of 85 individuals from the region of eastern Slovakia, of which 43.53% were patients with CMP and AF with an average age of 62.65 ± 11.01 years. The group was dominated by men (64.71%) and there were more frequent patients with dilated CMP and at the same time with persistent AF. Results: Representation of potentially risky alleles associated with AF was higher in the case of rs13143308 and rs2220427 in patients with CMP and AF compared to the control group. The potentially risky T allele of the genetic variant rs3853445 dominated in the control group (73% vs. 68%). After evaluating the allelic and genotypic distributions, an analysis of associations of genetic models of variants rs13143308, rs2220427 and rs3853445 with location in the 4q25 locus in relation to cardiomyopathy associated with AF was carried out. None of these analyses confirmed a significant association of the respective genetic model in relation to CMP associated with AF. The p-value of the odds ratio (OR) calculations was higher than 0.05 in all cases Conclusion: By analyzing the selected genetic markers rs13143308, rs2220427 and rs3853445 located in the 4q25 locus, we failed to statistically confirm their association with cardiomyopathy and related atrial fibrillation. Thus, we can conclude that the basic limitation of our study was the size of the research sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Ternate Island is located on the North Maluku Sea. The North Maluku Sea region includes the Wallacea area and the world's coral triangle. One of the organisms commonly found in this sea is red algae. Study aimed to determine the red algae species by phylogenetic tree analysis based on the rbcL gene as a DNA marker. The preserved red algae tissue samples were extracted with the Geneaid GP100 DNA Extraction Kit Plant. The DNA sample was amplified and then visualized by 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. The amplicon products were sequenced and then aligned with the rbcL gene database that was available at the NCBI gene bank. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the UPGMA method. The results showed that red algae were identified into four species: namely Gibsmithia hawaiiensis (98.65%), C_rbcL sample was identical to Amansieae sp. (91.50%), D_rbcL sample was identical to Peyssonnelia sp. (95.54%), and G_rbcL sample was similar to Portieria hornemanniI (96.15%). Based on phylogenetic tree analysis, Gibsmithia hawaiiensis from North Maluku is closely related to species from Raja Ampat, West Papua, Indonesia, followed by the Philippines species. Special findings were found to carry out phylogenetic reconstructions that can answer inter-species kinship. The general finding is that the markers used can be used for phylogenetic construction. Phylogenetic construction of Peyssonnelia sp. in North Maluku is related to species from South Africa. North Maluku's Portieria hornemannii is closely related to a species from Korea. Highlight Research • This study provides initial information about the DNA barcoding of red algae. • Important for management purposes and determining the status of red algae in the future. • This scientific information also provides an understanding of the relationships among red algae species in the world's oceans. • Global warming has changed the temperature of seawater and affected the population of marine organisms.

The article explores the influence of toponymic images on the aesthetics of popular foreign and Russian television Series. The television series is a specific artistic model, the transformation and functioning of which is the result of significant television influence on the audience. Its uniqueness lies in the fact that, being a key genre of contemporary mass culture on one hand, and a multimedia text on the other, the series allows visual content to displace verbal content and constructs a certain reality in the minds of viewers. Within the framework of the geopoetic approach, the authors of the article examine the image of the city in television projects from different years, analyze the functions of urban signs and symbols, and identify various artistic techniques used to characterize characters and represent national-cultural spaces. Special attention is given to the role of the city as a setting and a tool for plot development in TV shows. The result of the study is the identification of the dynamics of the city image in television projects from the 1980s to the 2020s, which allows us to characterize television Series not only as a source of entertainment, but also as a social and national project that claims one of the dominant positions in contemporary culture.

The article discusses the various methods of estimating the surface cathode temperature of the high-voltage glow discharge electron gun, which forms a ribbon electron beam with a linear focus. Numerical estimations have been made to design the cathode assembly of an industrial gun. It is shown that the most effective way to make approximate estimates of the temperature of the cathode surface in high-voltage glow discharge electron guns for various technological purposes is to use arithmetic-logical ratios for modeling the geometry of the cathode assembly and locus functions for estimating the temperature distribution. The accuracy of such estimates, made using the heat balance equation, was 5–10%, sufficient at the initial stage of designing an electron gun. It is shown that using the SolidWorks CAD software complex for designing high-voltage glow discharge electron guns is effective only for solving the complex engineering design tasks and preparing the corresponding technical documentation. The results of the theoretical research published in the article are of interest to a wide range of specialists engaged in developing electron beam equipment and its implementation in industrial production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antecedentes: Los exantemas cutáneos eritemato-papulares de breve duración sugieren el diagnóstico clínico de urticaria; no obstante, puede tratarse de otro tipo de dermatitis, y para establecer el diagnóstico deben llevarse a cabo exploraciones complementarias. Reporte de caso: Paciente femenina de 53 años, diagnosticada en 2016 con linfoma difuso de células B grandes, en remisión completa. Desde el 2010 manifestó episodios de lesiones eritemato-papulosas, de 24-36 horas de duración. Recibió antihistamínicos, corticoides y omalizumab sin mejoría clínica. La determinación de ANA resultó positiva (1/320), con patrón mitótico nuclear. La biopsia cutánea fue compatible con dermatitis herpetiforme. El estudio de anticuerpos de celiaquía y locus mostró positividad para HLA-DQ2 y DQ2.5 con heterocigosis. Se estableció el diagnosticó de dermatitis herpetiforme. El tratamiento consistió en dieta exenta de gluten y prescripción de dapsona, con resultados satisfactorios. Conclusión: Es importante establecer el diagnóstico diferencial de pacientes con urticaria crónica que no responden al tratamiento de referencia, además de efectuar el examen clínico y la exploración física exhaustivos antes de iniciar el protocolo, y apoyarse de un equipo multidisciplinario para establecer el diagnóstico certero y tratamiento adecuado. Debido a los efectos secundarios de la dapsona, es imprescindible el seguimiento posterior de los pacientes.

Purpose. To study the genetic peculiarities of pedigree tocksof Amur carp and evaluate its genetic variability by analyzing distribution of alleles and genotypes by the specific protein systems and cytogenetic parameters. Methodology. Analysis of polymorphism of protein systems was performed using electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. As protein markers to evaluate the genetic structure of Amur carp stocks, the separation of allelic and genotypic frequencies by loci, which encode a number of fish blood proteins, were used: transferrin (TF), albumin (ALB) and esterase (EST, 3.1.1.1). Cytogenetic analysis was performed using the micronucleus test and analysis of apoptosisfrequencies. Collection and processing of biological material of fish as well as statistical processing of the obtained data was performed using generally accepted methods. Findings. A comprehensive analysis of the genetic structure of Amur carp from three farms in Ukraine was carried out by protein systems and cytogenetic markers. The results of the study showed that all pedigree groups of Amur carp were characterized by a deviation towards the predominance of heterozygotes (Fis = from –0.084 to –0.344). A minimal imbalance was observed in the group of carp from the farm “Karpatskyi Vodogray” LLC (Fis = –0.084). The maximum violation of the genetic balance was found in carp from the farm of JSC “Sumyrybhosp” (Fis = –0.308) and in the group from the experimental farm “Veliky Lyubin” (Fis = –0.344). In general, the analysis of the protein systems of fish blood showed a high level of heterogeneity of pedigree stocks of Amur carp from different farms in Ukraine. The analysis of frequencies of cytogenetic parameters of Amur carp from three fish farms showed that fish from fish farms of JSC “Sumyrybhosp” and PFE “Dzherelo” were characterized by a lower frequency of erythrocytes with micronuclei (EMN) (3.3±0.3 ‰), (3.2±0.3 ‰), lymphocytes with micronuclei (LMN) (2.1±0, 2 ‰), (1.9±0.2 ‰), and apoptosis (4.2±0.3‰), (4,3±0,3‰) compared to the group from fish farm “Karpatskyi Vodogray” LLC, where these values were as follows: EMN (4.7±0.3 ‰), LMN (2.4±0.2‰), apoptosis (5.6±0.4‰). These results indicates a lower level of destabilization of chromosomal apparatus of Amur carp from the fish farm JSC “Sumyrybhosp” at the time of the study. Originality. A comprehensive evaluation of the level of variability of the genetic structure of pedigree stocks of Amur carp from different regions of Ukraine was performed for the first time. Practical Value. Pedigree socksof Amur carp have important practical value in selective breeding work with carps, including works for obtaining hybrid lines to increase the resistance of breeding material.

This work, structured in two main parts, is devoted to the parabola topic. In the first, the elements of a parabola are reviewed by linking the definition of intersection of a plane and a cone with a locus of the plane. The necessary transformations for the calculation of the elements as a curve in space are pointed out as well as historical notes and properties of light are included. In the second part, the applications in teaching at a high school level or university courses are explained. A project based on the reflection of light is proposed that seeks to connect various subjects in line with the new educational paradigm of development of key competencies, joining different fields of knowledge. For university courses, applications of linear algebra are obtained in the establishment of relationships between analytical geometry in the rotation and translation of planes, and the dihedral system that is taught in technical drawing subjects. As a conclusion, it is obtained that the teaching of the parabola from different approaches allows a complete learning of diverse fields of knowledge, even of different topics of mathematics, an essential factor in the development of thought at any educational level.

Osteoarthritis is a chronic progressive joint disease that clinically debuts at the stage of pronounced morphologic changes, which makes treatment difficult. In this regard, an important task is the study of genetic markers of the disease, which have not been definitively established, due to the clinical and ethnic heterogeneity of the studied populations. To find the genetic markers for the development of knee osteoarthritis (OA) in women from the Volga-Ural region of Russia, we conducted research in two stages using different genotyping methods, such as the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) measurement, TaqMan technology and competitive allele-specific PCR—KASPTM. In the first stage, we studied polymorphic variants of candidate genes (ACAN, ADAMTS5, CHST11, SOX9, COL1A1) for OA development. The association of the *27 allele of the VNTR locus of the ACAN gene was identified (OR = 1.6). In the second stage, we replicated the GWAS results (ASTN2, ALDH1A2, DVWA, CHST11, GNL3, NCOA3, FILIP/SENP1, MCF2L, GLT8D, DOT1L) for knee OA studies. The association of the *T allele of the rs7639618 locus of the DVWA gene was detected (OR = 1.54). Thus, the VNTR locus of ACAN and the rs7639618 locus of DVWA are risk factors for knee OA in women from the Volga-Ural region of Russia.

Background: Brief erythematous-papular skin rashes suggest the diagnosis of urticaria; However, it may be another type of dermatitis, and complementary examinations must be carried out to establish its diagnosis. Case report: 53-year-old female patient, diagnosed in 2016 with diffuse large B cell lymphoma, in complete remission. Since 2010, he has had episodes of erythematous-papular lesions lasting 24-36 hours. He received antihistamines, corticosteroids and omalizumab without clinical improvement. The ANA determination was positive (1/320), nuclear mitotic pattern. The skin biopsy was compatible with dermatitis herpetiformis. The study of celiac and locus antibodies showed positivity for HLA-DQ2 and DQ2.5 in heterozygosity. The diagnosis of dermatitis herpetiformis was established. Treatment consisted of a gluten-free diet and prescription of dapsone, with satisfactory results. Conclusion: It is important to establish the differential diagnosis of patients with chronic urticaria who do not respond to the reference treatment, in addition to carrying out a thorough clinical examination and physical examination before starting treatment and relying on a multidisciplinary team to establish an accurate diagnosis and treatment. appropriate. Due to the side effects of dapsone, subsequent follow-up of patients is essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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В современном языкознании исследование особенностей моделирования и объективации пространства квалифицируется как одна из вечных тем. В научной литературе при определении пространства превалирует дефиниционная модель «пространство – категория», однако исследователи отмечают тесную связь данного феномена с картиной мира этноса. Пространство задает в рамках картины мира структуру и границы мира. Параметры пространства, по которым оно моделируется в сознании индивида, задаются культурой. В их числе и измерение пространства. Традиционным для русской лингвокультуры является горизонтально ориентированная пространственная модель мира. Однако под влиянием христианства формируется также вертикально ориентированная пространственная модель. Воспринимаемое в вертикальной плоскости пространство членится на пространство бытия (или земное пространство) и сакральное пространство. Кроме того, пространство отображается в сознании человека рядом тактильных, визуальных, динамических и иных образов. В их число включаем и образ сада, который относим к образам сакрального пространства. Цель статьи – описать средства экспликации рассматриваемого образа в творчестве поэта. Материалом исследования послужили тексты стихотворений и маленьких поэм С. Есенина. Корпус фактического материала подбирался методом сплошной выборки, также были использованы метод контекстуального анализа и лингвокультурологический анализ. В ходе исследования выявлены индивидуально-авторские особенности моделирования пространства в лирике С. Есенина, в которой образ сада занимает пограничное положение между земным и сакральным пространством. В русской лингвокультуре образ сада традиционно рассматривается как один из локусов сакрального пространства, соотносимый с раем. В нем обитали божественные сущности, праведники и души умерших (вербализован в текстах рязанского поэта сочетанием райский сад, голубой сад). Изучение средств экспликации образа сада как ключевого образа сакрального пространства в творчестве С. Есенина позволило выявить синкретизм восприятия пространства и мира в целом, описать черты русской лингвокультуры, которые отображены и транслируются в произведениях автора. Значимость проведенного исследования заключается в отражении авторского моделирования пространства и осмысления реалий и их образов сквозь призму категорий «свой – чужой».

Let C be a circle with center O and radius r. Let K ≠ 0 be a point lying inside C. The paper studies the locus of triangles inscribed in C having K as symmedian point. This locus is referred to as the (C,K)-locus. In his book College Geometry [2], N. A. Court includes the problem/conjecture that the locus of centroids of the triangles in the (C,K)-locus is a circle. The paper proves this fact in three steps using the canonical vector space V of geometric vectors associated to the plane ε. Step one proves the following: Given A ∈ C, assume that the dot product (2OK -- OA). AK ≠ 0. Let D be the point de_ned by the vector equation ... Let BC be the polar of D. Then ΔABC is the unique triangle (C,K)-locus that has A as a vertex. See Theorems 2.4 and 2.7. Next, Lemma 2.2 addresses the case (2OK -- OA). AK = 0 proving that the triangle in the (C,K)-locus having A as a vertex is a right triangle where ∠A = 90 and K is the midpoint of the altitude at vertex A. Step two is the following theorem: Let Og be the point defined by the vector equation ... where k = OK, the distance from O to K . Then the centroid G of a triangle in the (C,K)-locus lies on the circle Cg with center Og and radius r²k/4r²-k². See Theorem 3.1. Step three solves the inverse problem in section x4 . Specifically, given a point G ∈ Cg, the inverse problem is a method for finding the triangle in the (C,K)-locus having G as its centroid. The method depends on the roots of a cubic polynomial determined by G. Let g = OG. Then this polynomial has the form X³ + pX + q where ... The polynomial is shown to have three real roots, with multiplicity counted, that explicitly determine the triangle in the (C,K)-locus having centroid G. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aldo Rossi's work has received a great deal of attention since the mid-1960s. Books, exhibitions, conferences, and articles have established that for Rossi the city was a crucial reference both in the production of his architecture and for overcoming the crisis of rationalism that explored after World War II. Yet one question has remained open, with critics, historians, and architects offering discordant and inconclusive answers: what relationship did Rossi weave between his architectures and their cities? This article provides an answer to that question, identifying for the first time the origin of that relationship in Italian postwar ambientalismo, which proposed rebuilding the historic city centers with architectures generated by edilizia, the anonymous building fabric that surround the project sites. The article discusses the evolution of that relationship, demonstrating how Rossi came to develop, from the beginning of the 1960s, a poetics capable of overcoming ambientalismo, cannibalizing it to operate on the edges of cities, where he replaced the edilizia, with the monument, the project site with the territory, and the mechanical transposition of the characteristics of places with the analogy. This novel analysis of Rossi's work through a comparison to ambientalismo is not limited to explaining the relationship between his architecture and cities. it also questions the classic interpretation of Rossi's research by demonstrating how Rossi destroyed the traditional image of the historic city to build a 'new urban landscape' that was free of edilizia and consisted solely of lawn and monuments.

The world heritage city Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka, significant for spiritually cherished spatial orientation manifests in the city; reflecting 'spiritual sustainability', that integrates nature, natural elements, topography, built elements with the performances of people. This research examines comprehending 'genius loci' in heritage city Anuradhapura, and how this occurrence relates to spiritual sustainability. It explores in-depth dimensions of the place, related to 'spiritual orientation'; a novel approach for understanding heritage sites. This paper proposes an original interdisciplinary study and method to examine 'spiritual sustainability' of the place and meanings by employing contextual concepts, and generalised concepts. It utilises Buddhist concepts, to explore in-depth meanings of the place, attached with the locus, vision, and cultural/religious views. Further, it discusses how these meanings shape and sustain the heritage city between divine/mundane dimensions. The same universal concept flourished upon architecture, landscape, villages and cities, from pre-history to the Buddhist city Anuradhapura, gathered in the same locus comprehending 'genius loci', established 'spiritual sustainability'. In conclusion, the Buddhist heritage city sustains between physical and non-physical dimensions, a dynamic process, reveal more in-depth meanings of the place. This study presents a new insight to value heritage places and a new perspective for sustainable developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A triangle center such as the incenter, barycenter, etc., is specified by a function thrice- and cyclically applied on sidelengths and/or angles. Consider the 1d family of 3-periodics in the elliptic billiard, and the loci of its triangle centers. Some will sweep ellipses, and others higher-degree algebraic curves. We propose two rigorous methods to prove if the locus of a given center is an ellipse: one based on computer algebra, and another based on an algebro-geometric method. We also prove that if the triangle center function is rational on sidelengths, the locus is algebraic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study center power with respect to circles derived from Poncelet 3-periodics (triangles) in a generic pair of ellipses as well as loci of their triangle centers. We show that (i) for any concentric pair, the power of the center with respect to either circumcircle or Euler's circle is invariant, and (ii) if a triangle center of a 3-periodic in a generic nested pair is a fixed linear combination of barycenter and circumcenter, its locus over the family is an ellipse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe some three-dozen curious phenomena manifested by parabolas inscribed or circumscribed about certain Poncelet triangle families. Despite their pirouetting motion, parabolas’ focus, vertex, directrix, etc., will often sweep or envelop rather elementary loci such as lines, circles, or points. Most phenomena are unproven though supported by solid numerical evidence (proofs are welcome). Some yet unrealized experiments are posed as “challenges”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aldo Rossi's work has received a great deal of attention since the mid-1960s. Books, exhibitions, conferences, and articles have established that for Rossi the city was a crucial reference both in the production of his architecture and for overcoming the crisis of rationalism that exploded after World War II. Yet one question has remained open, with critics, historians, and architects offering discordant and inconclusive answers: what relationship did Rossi weave between his architectures and their cities? This article provides an answer to that question, identifying for the first time the origin of that relationship in Italian postwar ambientalismo, which proposed rebuilding the historic city centers with architectures generated by edilizia, the anonymous building fabric that surrounded the project sites. The article discusses the evolution of that relationship, demonstrating how Rossi came to develop, from the beginning of the 1960s, a poetics capable of overcoming ambientalismo, cannibalizing it to operate on the edges of cities, where he replaced the edilizia with the monument, the project site with the territory, and the mechanical transposition of the characteristics of places with the analogy. This novel analysis of Rossi's work through a comparison to ambientalismo is not limited to explaining the relationship between his architecture and cities. It also questions the classic interpretation of Rossi's research by demonstrating how Rossi destroyed the traditional image of the historic city to build a 'new urban landscape' that was free of edilizia and consisted solely of lawn and monuments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Eggplant is an important vegetable that has long been cultivated in different parts of Iran. The major objectives of the eggplant breeding program are to improve fruit quality, increase yield performance through heterosis breeding, and introduce abilities of pest and disease resistance from wild relatives. In order to select suitable parents for breeding purposes, with respect to the genetic and morphological diversity of eggplant cultivars, it is necessary to have sufficient knowledge of genetic diversity and classification of germplasms. Methods: This experiment was conducted in a randomized block design at the Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII) in Karaj, Iran. Here, morphological diversity was assessed among a collection of eggplants which comprised four Iranian lines and 13 non-Iranian genotypes. For this purpose, 16 morphological traits were analyzed in the plants. Given the weakness of morphological analysis in providing precise characterizations of genetic divergence, a molecular study was also carried out by using five Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers. In addition to the univariate analysis, the multi-descriptor variation was studied among the genotypes using two methods of multivariate analyses. Results: The genotypes differed significantly in terms of the morphological traits. The multivariate analyses of morphological data indicated that eggplants from two different origins were clearly differentiated. Three main clusters were distinguished by a morphological UPGMA dendrogram in which non-Iranian genotypes, with the exception of 11,212, constituted cluster I and required the maximum number of days to flower, days to fruit set, and days to first harvest. Cluster II was identified with two Iranian lines BJ30, Y60, and one non-Iranian genotype (11,212) which showed the highest values of stem diameter, fruit diameter, fruit length, fruit length-to-width ratio, number of fruits per plant, and yield. Cluster III comprised two Iranian lines, D1 and D7, and showed the maximum plant height, number of internodes, number of nodes, number of leaves, number of stems, fruit weight, and fruits weight per plant. The highest and lowest intra-cluster genetic distances were observed in cluster I and cluster II, respectively. Based on SSR analysis, high levels of similarity were detected between several genotypes, namely, Y60 and 13,411; BJ30 and 1111; D7 and 13,521; 21,881 and 13,421. Conclusions: High levels of heterozygosity and polymorphism information content (PIC) were observed in this study. This not only indicated high levels of polymorphism and an equal distribution of the evaluated loci but also suggested that these genotypes can be considered for the development of diverse parental lines which are of interest in breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new algorithm is proposed for obtaining stability domains of multistep numerical schemes. The algorithm is based on the Bernoulli method for computing the greatest in magnitude root of polynomials with complex coefficients and the Dandelin–Lobachevsky–Gräffe method for squaring roots. Numerical results on the construction of stability domains of Adams–Bashforth methods of order 3–11 are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The locus of aerodynamic centres of a finite wing is the collection of all spanwise section aerodynamic centres, and depends on aspect ratio, wing sweep and planform shape. This locus is of great importance in the positioning of vortex elements in lifting-line theory. Traditionally, these vortex elements are placed along the quarter-chord of a wing, leading to inaccurate predictions of aerodynamic coefficients for swept wings due to the discontinuity in the line of vorticity at the wing root. An analytical solution was presented by Küchemann in 1956 to determine the locus of aerodynamic centres as a function of sweep. While experimental studies have been performed to visualise this locus, no large amount of data is available to fully evaluate the accuracy of Küchemann's analytical solution. In the present study, a numerical approach is taken using a high-order panel method for inviscid, incompressible flow to calculate the locus of aerodynamic centres for elliptic wings over a wide range of sweep angles, aspect ratios and profile thicknesses. An inviscid panel method is chosen over full CFD solutions because of their ability to isolate the inviscid phenomena. Küchemann's prediction is compared to this numerical data. The root mean square error is calculated for each wing in a broad design space to determine the accuracy of Küchemann's theory. It is shown to be remarkably accurate over the range of cases studied, with the root mean square error staying below 4% for all wings with aft sweep and aspect ratios higher than $R_A=5$. The actual difference between Küchemann's prediction and numerical data is lower than that for the majority of the span for many of the wing designs considered, with the RMS error being skewed by the results at the tip. Results demonstrate that Küchemann's analytical equations can be used as an accurate approximation for the locus of aerodynamic centres and could be used in modern numerical lifting-line algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how did form veterans landowning in the Roman land surveying. The main sources on the problem are the treatises of Roman land surveyers (1-2 centuries AD). They contain information about the principles of surveying of land plots for Roman retirees and about right guarantees the veterans had. The task of this article is reconstruction of the process of civic assignations in Ancient Rome and highlighting of features of this action when land was granted to the veterans. At the end of 2nd century BC the limitatio has become the most common way of land division thank to activities of brothers Gracchi. The limitatio assumed the creation of dividers that organized space: Decumanus maximus and Cardo maximus . Their intersection created four parts of the future Ager Colonicus for veterans. The limits parallel to the main ones turned the colony field into a clearly organized boundary grid with a square unit of area - centuria, within which the land plots (intended for tillage, horticulture, viticulture) were formed for veterans. Since the time of Caesar and Augustus, the question of adding grazing land to the arable land was decided in the Roman land surveying art. The most desired types of non-arable land was not only forests, pastureland and relicta but also subseciva - remainders from land division. Those vacant centuriae were a good arable land which the state temporarily allocated to new settlers on a lease basis. In the cadastre, a special right of remainders (ius subsecivorum) was created, unifying the lease relations. Thus, the farm of the Roman veteran consisted of fertile land suitable for all types of agricultural activities, as well as different categories of land, which contributed to the development of property and ownership relations.

The article investigates the historical memory of the literary work written by Sviatomyr-Mykhailo Fostun “God will judge us”. The author chose the times of confrontation between the Cossack officers and representatives of the Collegium of Little Russia as the background for the action. Living in different European countries, the author had freedom to express his creative ideas. The narrative of national identity is expressed at all levels of the work. The author focuses on the formation of the national elite. Analyzing the defeats of Ukraine in the national liberation struggle, Sviatomyr-Mykhailo Fostun sees the future of independent Ukraine in the unity of experienced politicians of the older generation with educated Ukrainian youth and with the support of leading European politicians. We analyzed “places of memory” (P. Nora) in the book. They are associated with the topos of the cities Glukhov, Halle, Astrakhan, St. Petersburg and locus: the market squares, streets, villages and others. Each of them depicts a certain society, where confrontations take place on social, economic and political levels. In addition, they are a kind of markers that distinguish the society of each city. The city of Hlukhiv is marked by the struggle for the rights and freedom, the German city of Gelle is characterized by the freethinking and democracy of its inhabitants, and the Russian cities of Astrakhan and St. Petersburg appear as centers of tyranny and despotism. We investigated objects that go beyond the space of things. The Hetman's mace, which Polubotok takes in his hands in solitude, portraits of Hetmans of Ukraine in the cabinet, which seemed to witness the events, a Cossack saber with the coat of arms of Andriy Voynarovsky engraved on it; a picture of Cossack Mamai, who seemed to mock the representative of the Collegium of Little Russia, have a certain history, acquire a symbolic meaning for the Ukrainian nation.

Context: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is most commonly caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD), an autosomal recessive disorder resulting from biallelic pathogenic variants (PVs) in CYP21A2. With a highly homologous pseudogene and various types of single nucleotide and complex structural variants, identification of PVs in CYP21A2 has been challenging. Objective: To leverage long-read next-generation sequencing combined with locus-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect PVs in CYP21A2 and to determine its diagnostic yield in patients with 21-OHD. Methods: Forty-eight Thai patients with 21-OHD comprising 38 sporadic cases and 5 pairs of siblings were enrolled. Two previously described locus-specific PCR methods were performed. Amplicons were subject to long-read sequencing. Results: Ninety-six PVs in CYP21A2 in the 48 patients were successfully identified. The combined techniques were able to detect 26 structural chimeric variants (27%; 26/96) in 22 patients with 18 having monoallelic and 4 having biallelic chimeras. The remaining PVs were pseudogene-derived mutations (63%; 60/96), entire gene deletions (2%; 2/96), missense variants (3%; 3/96), a splice-site variant (2%; 2/96), frameshift variants (2%; 2/96), and a nonsense variant (1%; 1/96). Notably, a splice-site variant, IVS7 + 1G > T, which was identified in a pair of siblings, has not previously been reported. Conclusions: Our approach exploiting locus-specific PCR and long-read DNA sequencing has a 100% diagnostic yield for our cohort of 48 patients with 21-OHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the "topos" as a geographical definition of the territory of the village of Rozhanka, where the main events of the story unfold. It was found that the romantic writer in the literary text focused on folklore and tradition, microtoponymy and receptive vision of the rural environment. Several topos levels have been classified: village, mountains and gorges, valleys and partially mentioned outside toponyms. It is established that the locus, i.e. the image of the environment, forms a unity with man. The writer focused on real residents with well-known surnames in this village — Nalyvaiko, Kozhan, Meduliak, Dronyshynets. The significance and role of folklore and ethnographic elements as intertextual components in the creation of the text of the story are clarified. Reminiscence as the most common form of intertextual communication is manifested in the story in the tracing of fights in the family, community, attitudes toward the poor and orphans; the relationship between the community and the priest, as well as in the depiction of the main occupations of the Carpathian inhabitants, observance of customs and rites. Folklore and ethnographic reminiscences of the story at the level of the theme are manifested in a balanced selection of epigraphs to each of the chapters, mostly from the kolomyiкa repertoire, which still exists in this area. It is concluded that the writer accurately outlined the area ofthe village and presented the actual specific landscapes. The toposmanifested in the concretization of the concept itself as a locus — the image of the environment in unity with the actions, feelings and deeds of man.