1. Vaccine design and delivery approaches for COVID-19
- Author
-
Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard, Abbas Alibakhshi, Elmira Mohammadi, Sahar Esfandyari, Leila Beikmohammadi, Samira Bahrami, Mohammad Mehdi Ranjbar, Shahrzad Ahangarzadeh, Fatemeh Mahmoudian, and Kiana Shahzamani
- Subjects
Vaccine delivery ,SARS-CoV-2, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 ,APC, Antigen-Presenting Cell ,S.C., Subcutaneous ,MERS, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ,RSV, Respiratory Syncytial Virus ,Disease ,SAGE, Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization ,Health Services Accessibility ,Delivery methods ,Immunology and Allergy ,Drug Approval ,Vaccine design ,CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ,PAMP, Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern ,LNP, Lipid Nanoparticles ,Vaccination ,LMH, Live Modified Horsepox ,Chimpanzee Adenoviral Vector 1, ChAdOx1 ,Ad, Adenovirus ,GMV, Genetically Modified Viruses ,TLR, Toll-Like Receptor ,EUA, Emergency Use Authorization ,ACE2, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2, Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations ,medicine.medical_specialty ,2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,I.M., Intramuscular ,Emerging technologies ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,VRP, Virion Replicon Particle ,Immunology ,ASHP, American Society of Health-System Pharmacists ,Article ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,medicine ,Humans ,Intensive care medicine ,LAV, Live-Attenuated Virus ,Disease burden ,Pharmacology ,VLP, Virus-Like Particle ,SARS-CoV-2 ,COVID-19, Coronavirus Disease-19 ,business.industry ,COVID-19 ,RBD, Receptor Binding Domain ,PRR, Pattern Recognition Receptors ,MVA, Modified Vaccinia Ankara ,VEE, Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis ,Nanoparticles ,business ,Vaccine ,WCA, Whole-Cell Antigen - Abstract
COVID-19 is still a deadly disease that remains yet a major challenge for humans. In recent times, many large pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical companies have invested a lot of time and cost in fighting this disease. In this regard, today's scientific knowledge shows that designing and producing an effective vaccine is the best possible way to diminish the disease burden and dissemination or even eradicate the disease. Due to the urgent need, many vaccines are now available earlier than scheduled. New technologies have also helped to produce much more effective vaccines, although the potential side effects must be taken into account. Thus, in this review, the types of vaccines and vaccine designs made against COVID-19, the vaccination programs, as well as the delivery methods and molecules that have been used to deliver some vaccines that need a carrier will be described.
- Published
- 2021