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Tulathromycin (TUL) is a widely used veterinary antibiotic for treating bovine and porcine respiratory infections. Consuming animal-derived food contaminated with this medication may jeopardize human health. This work adopted the first portable potentiometric platform for direct TUL sensing in pharmaceutical and food products. The sensor employed a plasticized PVC membrane on a glassy carbon electrode doped with calix[6]arene and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in a single solid contact layer for selective binding and signal stability. Characterization via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the material's integrity. The MWCNT-based sensor produced a stable Nernstian response (1.0 × 10−7 to 1.0 × 10−3 M) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 9.76 × 10–8 M with instantaneous response (8 ± 2 s). IUPAC validation revealed high selectivity for TUL against interfering ions, minimal drift (0.6 mV/h), and functionality over a broad pH range (2.0–7.0), allowing direct application to dosage form, spiked milk, and liver samples. Eco-Scale, AGREE, and Whiteness assessment proved the method's ecological sustainability, economic viability, and practical feasibility, surpassing traditional approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), is a chief worldwide public health concern with grave health and socio-economic repercussions. Besides improper use of antibiotics, exposure to contaminated water or soil, and close contact with infected individuals; consumption of food products derived from animals carrying antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and genes is a major pathway for transferring AMR to humans. The occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria can result from both innate and acquired mechanisms, and its spread among bacteria is contributed by the environment, animals, and humans. Analysis of available data shows that non-therapeutic antimicrobial administration to animals increases resistance rates in bacteria in their gut and surroundings. The food supply chain facilitates the transfer of genes associated with AMR and despite considerable efforts to restrict antibiotic overuse, numerous regions of the world are witnessing a surge in clinical antibiotic resistance rates. To address this multifaceted resistance issue effectively, a "One Health" approach is critical, along with concerted efforts across all sectors. Considering the importance and scientific concern of this emerging public health issue, a thorough review of the available literature on the transmission of AMR from animal-derived foods to humans is presented in this paper.

Abstract Tulathromycin (TUL) is a widely used veterinary antibiotic for treating bovine and porcine respiratory infections. Consuming animal-derived food contaminated with this medication may jeopardize human health. This work adopted the first portable potentiometric platform for direct TUL sensing in pharmaceutical and food products. The sensor employed a plasticized PVC membrane on a glassy carbon electrode doped with calix[6]arene and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in a single solid contact layer for selective binding and signal stability. Characterization via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the material’s integrity. The MWCNT-based sensor produced a stable Nernstian response (1.0 × 10−7 to 1.0 × 10−3 M) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 9.76 × 10–8 M with instantaneous response (8 ± 2 s). IUPAC validation revealed high selectivity for TUL against interfering ions, minimal drift (0.6 mV/h), and functionality over a broad pH range (2.0–7.0), allowing direct application to dosage form, spiked milk, and liver samples. Eco-Scale, AGREE, and Whiteness assessment proved the method's ecological sustainability, economic viability, and practical feasibility, surpassing traditional approaches. Graphical Abstract

The aim of this study was to reveal the effects of exchange rate ($) and energy (oil) prices on livestock product (red meat, milk, eggs) and input (feed) prices in Türkiye through Path Analysis. The material of this study consisted of monthly average exchange rate and energy prices vs. fattening feed, milk feed, and egg feed prices, and producer prices of red meat, milk, and eggs for the years 2010-2023. According to the findings of this study, one unit increase in the exchange rate resulted in a total increase of 0.98, 0.99 and 0.98 units in the prices of fattening, milk and egg feed, respectively; a total increase of 0.93, 0.98 and 0.97 units in red meat, milk and egg prices, respectively (P0.05). As a result, it has been observed that the exchange rate affects, particularly, input and livestock product prices, whereas energy prices affect only input costs in Türkiye. Therefore, it is thought that reducing external dependence on energy and upward fluctuations in exchange rates will make significant contributions to the reduction of input costs and product prices in animal husbandry, increase consumption rates and profitability of producers.

The aim of this study was to reveal the effects of exchange rate ($) and energy (oil) prices on livestock product (red meat, milk, eggs) and input (feed) prices in Türkiye through Path Analysis. The material of this study consisted of monthly average exchange rate and energy prices vs. fattening feed, milk feed, and egg feed prices, and producer prices of red meat, milk, and eggs for the years 2010-2023. According to the findings of this study, one unit increase in the exchange rate resulted in a total increase of 0.98, 0.99 and 0.98 units in the prices of fattening, milk and egg feed, respectively; a total increase of 0.93, 0.98 and 0.97 units in red meat, milk and egg prices, respectively (P<0.05). It was determined that a one unit increase in energy prices caused a total increase of 0.09, 0.09 and 0.11 units in fattening, milk and egg feed prices, respectively (P<0.05). However, energy prices did not affect livestock product prices (P>0.05). As a result, it has been observed that the exchange rate affects, particularly, input and livestock product prices, whereas energy prices affect only input costs in Türkiye. Therefore, it is thought that reducing external dependence on energy and upward fluctuations in exchange rates will make significant contributions to the reduction of input costs and product prices in animal husbandry, increase consumption rates and profitability of producers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the supply-side structural reform of animal husbandry, Inner Mongolia adjusted and optimized the regional layout and production structure to ensure the supply of livestock products. Inner Mongolia focuses on the construction of green livestock products base, and increases the supply of quality products. Grassland pastoral area of Inner Mongolia is the important green livestock products base. But its product is less competitive because of many problems in the distribution channels of pastoral area livestock products. For example there are few convenient stable and diversified sales channels for livestock products in pastoral area. The market of origin livestock products should be combined with the market of consumption, and the circulation link should be shorten. The distribution channels for livestock products in pastoral area of Inner Mongolia should be more pluralistic organized and normalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The widespread use of sulfonamides can result in the residue of sulfonamides in the foods of animal origin that are the major concerns of consumers and regulatory bodies due to their adverse reaction such as the development of antibiotic resistance. A rapid and efficient multi-residue analytical method was developed to screen and confirm 31 sulfonamides in livestock samples in a single run, using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography combined with comprehensive mass spectrometric approaches. In this study, a novel sample preparation procedure was used, based on a modified QuEChERS method (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe). The linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, and precision of the method were validated according to the Codex guidelines. The response of the detector was linear for each target compound over a wide concentration range, with a correlation coefficient (r2) greater than 0.98. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.3 to 5 ng g −1 and from 1 to 19 ng g −1 and the average recoveries (%) for three laboratories ranged from 85 to 109% with a CV (n = 5) below 22%. The applicability of this screening method was verified using real livestock samples. The proposed analytical method achieves identification and quantification of target sulfonamides at trace levels in a short analysis time. None of the samples contained residues that exceeded the maximum residue limit (MRL).

The widespread use of sulfonamides can result in the residue of sulfonamides in the foods of animal origin that are the major concerns of consumers and regulatory bodies due to their adverse reaction such as the development of antibiotic resistance. A rapid and efficient multi-residue analytical method was developed to screen and confirm 31 sulfonamides in livestock samples in a single run, using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography combined with comprehensive mass spectrometric approaches. In this study, a novel sample preparation procedure was used, based on a modified QuEChERS method (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe). The linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, and precision of the method were validated according to the Codex guidelines. The response of the detector was linear for each target compound over a wide concentration range, with a correlation coefficient (r2) greater than 0.98. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.3 to 5 ng g−1 and from 1 to 19 ng g−1 and the average recoveries (%) for three laboratories ranged from 85 to 109% with a CV (n = 5) below 22%. The applicability of this screening method was verified using real livestock samples. The proposed analytical method achieves identification and quantification of target sulfonamides at trace levels in a short analysis time. None of the samples contained residues that exceeded the maximum residue limit (MRL). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The method used in this research is a quantitative descriptive method using secondary data in the form of weekly data on prices of volatile food products from livestock in the form of beef, chicken meat, and chicken eggs for the period 2018 to 2021 sourced from the National Strategic Food Price Information Center. This research uses the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model analysis, ARCH (Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticy) model and GARCH (Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticy) model analysis. The model for forecasting the price of volatile food products from livestock in the form of chicken meat, beef, and chicken eggs in traditional markets in Jambi Province, namely GARCH (1,1), has excellent performance. It is suggested that the GARCH (1,1) model can be used to forecast the prices of volatile food products from livestock in the form of chicken meat, beef, and chicken eggs in traditional markets in Jambi Province.

The present study verified that it is possible to analyze melengesterol acetate using the existing multi-residue method. Melengestrol acetate was extracted from livestock products using acidic acetonitrile acidified with acetic acid in the presence of n-hexane and anhydrous sodium sulfate. The crude extracts were cleaned up using an octadecylsilanized silica gel cartridge column. Separation by HPLC was performed using an octadecylsilanized silica gel column with linear gradient elution of 0.1 vol％ formic acid and acetonitrile containing 0.1 vol％ formic acid. For the determination of the analyte, tandem mass spectrometry with positive ion electrospray ionization was used. In recovery tests using four livestock products fortified with maximum residue limits levels of melengestrol acetate (0.001–0.02 mg/kg), the truenesses ranged from 82％ to 100％, and the repeatabilities for the entire procedure ranged from 0.5 RSD％ to 5.6 RSD％. In recovery tests using 11 livestock products fortified with 0.0005 mg/kg of melengestrol acetate, the truenesses ranged from 88％ to 99％, and the repeatabilities ranged from 1.3 RSD％ to 5.4 RSD％. The limit of quantification for melengestrol acetate in livestock products was 0.0005 mg/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding consumers' perceptions and choices about the quality and safety of livestock products is of great significance to effectively convey quality and safety information from the supply side, deepen the supply-side structural reform of the livestock industry and promote its development. Based on a systematic review of relevant progress, this paper summarized consumers' concerns, understanding, preference, evaluation, willingness to pay, and purchasing behavior to the quality and safety of livestock products. The analysis indicated that Chinese consumers had a high level of concern for the quality and safety of livestock products, but a low level of understanding, and their evaluation on the quality and safety of livestock products was not optimistic. Although consumers were willing to pay a premium for high quality and safety livestock products, there was a deviation between the needs and preferences of consumers and their actual behavioural choices. Consumers' socio-demographic characteristics, as well as their perception and evaluation on the quality and safety of livestock products and their trust in the agricultural certification system, were important factors influencing consumers' willingness to pay and their behavioural choices. This paper also pointed out that with China entering a new era of socialism, there had been significant changes in the consumption environment and demands. In recent years, there had been a relative lack of research into consumers' perceptions and behavioural choices about the quality and safety of livestock products, requiring new research and judgement to provide support for government to manage and guide industry production and consumption, as well as supply-side operators to correctly understand and match consumer preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article studies great importance of livestock products for human body and considers the types of fodder used in animal feeding. The data on ten leading regions in mixed fodder production (Belgorod region, Voronezh region, Chelyabinsk region, Tambov region, Krasnodar region, Leningrad region, Republic of Mordovia, Kursk region, Stavropol region, Penza region) has been given. The historical aspect of mixed fodder production in Russia has been presented and advantage of mini-mills in increasing the volume of mixed fodder production shown. The methodical approach to estimating economic expediency of purchase and use of mixed fodders for animal feeding has been offered and necessity of detailed economic calculations on each concrete variant of purchased mixed fodders use noted. Possible variants of mini-feed mills location have been highlighted considering advanced mini-feed mills of various capacities available in the domestic market.

Abstract In this study, an analysis method was established for the quantification of residues of halquinol and its metabolites in livestock and fishery products using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). We selected beef, pork (muscle and fat), chicken, egg, milk, flat fish, eel, and shrimp as target samples for validation of the method owing to them being typical livestock and fishery products. Validation of the developed analysis method was performed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) at three concentration levels (0.5, 1, and 2 × the maximum residue limits) following the Codex Alimentarius (CODEX) guidelines (CAC/GL 71–2009). For all samples, correlation coefficients (R2) exceeded 0.99, recoveries ranged between 75.59 and 119.36%, and coefficients of variation (CV) ranged between 1.39 and 28.66%, thus satisfying CODEX guidelines. In addition, inter-laboratory validation was conducted, and the resulting recoveries and CVs satisfied the CODEX guidelines; LOQ was established as 10 μg kg–1 for pig muscle and 5 μg kg–1 for the other samples. Therefore, the analysis method developed in this study can accurately and precisely screen for and quantify halquinol and its metabolites in livestock and fishery products.

A sensitive and accurate analytical method was developed and validated to detect bambermycin, a commonly used antibiotic in animal feed and livestock. The presence of bambermycin residues in food products can pose health risks to consumers, emphasizing the need for a sensitive and accurate analytical method. A reversed‐phase analytical column was utilized with a mobile phase comprising 0.005 mol/L ammonium acetate in 5% acetonitrile (A) and 0.005 mol/L ammonium acetate in 95% acetonitrile (B) to achieve effective chromatographic separation. Quantitative determination of bambermycin in various samples, including beef, pork, chicken, milk, eggs, flatfish, eel, and shrimp, was performed using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Sample extraction involved a mixture of methanol and a 25% ammonium hydroxide solution, followed by low‐temperature purification and phospholipid removal utilizing a Phree cartridge. The method exhibited a satisfactory recovery rate ranging from 69% to 100%. Validation results demonstrated the reliability, robustness, and accuracy of the method, exhibiting good linearity, precision, and recovery. This validated method can be applied for routine analysis of bambermycin residues, assisting in the development of effective monitoring and control measures to ensure the safety of livestock and aquatic products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accelerating the construction of livestock powerhouse is an important task for the construction of an agricultural powerhouse and a great modern socialist country. It is of great practical significance to scientifically understand the connotation requirements and theoretical logic of livestock powerhouse construction, grasp the current realistic basis and strategic path of accelerating the construction of livestock powerhouse. Based on the actual development of China's livestock industry, this study understood the connotation requirements of livestock powerhouse construction in terms of domestic production and supply, international resource utilization, scientific and technological equipment support, feed and forage supply, green cycle development, animal disease prevention and control, and analyzed the realistic results of the current livestock industry development and the shortcomings of livestock powerhouse construction. In order to further lay a solid foundation for the construction of livestock powerhouse, it was recommended to consolidate the foundation of domestic production and supply, improve the efficiency of international resource utilization, enhance the capacity of scientific and technological support, strengthen feed and forage supply, promote green cycle development, and strengthen animal disease prevention and control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural trade, which involves the exchange of virtual water and land resources, can effectively regulate the allocation of resources among countries while enhancing the well-being of resource-rich and resource-poor nations. China's animal products trade market concentration is greater, and the livestock industry consumes more water than other agricultural sectors. In order to alleviate the pressure on China's domestic water and land resources and to ensure that Chinese residents have access to animal products, this article examines the trade situation and drivers of virtual water and land resources related to Chinese animal products trade. This study used the heat equivalent method to measure the virtual water and land flows of the import and export of beef, pork, and mutton from 1992 to 2018, which is followed by the gravity model to investigate the factors impacting China's flow of virtual land and water related to livestock products trade. We found that the economic development and the agricultural resources of exporters, as well as China's agricultural employment rates, have a stable beneficial impact on China's livestock imports. The population of importing nations, China's cultivated land area, and the livestock production index of importers and exporters have a positive impact on the export of livestock products from China. Our results remain robust following a series of additional tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotics have traditionally been used to prevent and treat common diseases in farm animals. However, residual antibiotics in dairy products and meat remain a serious public health problem, which is associated with antibiotic resistance. The research objective was to assess the impact of antibiotic contamination on the quality and safety of dairy products, the microbiological composition of milk, and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The study featured six years of Russian and foreign scientific articles registered in PubMed (National Center for Biotechnology Information, USA), Scopus and ScienceDirect (Elsevier, the Netherlands), Web of Science (Clarivate, USA), and eLibrary.ru. The analysis involved 63 foreign and domestic sources. Residual antibiotics in milk inhibits the vital activity of lactic acid bacteria, which, in its turn, disrupts the technological process of yogurts, cheeses, etc. After such processing as normalization, pasteurization, and homogenization, antibiotics accumulate in fermented dairy products and bind with milk proteins and fats. Antibiotics, in their initial amount, enter yoghurts from dairy raw materials. In cheese production, antibiotics usually pass into the whey, but aminoglycosides, quinolones, and tetracyclines remain in the finished product because they bind with the protein fraction. The problem of biological safety of dairy products is associated with antibiotic resistance developed by human intestinal microbiota. This problem remains understudied, and the number of scientific papers on the matter is limited.

Background and objectives: Nomadic households play a crucial role in livestock production, but rangeland degradation and price fluctuations in livestock products have raised concerns about their livelihoods in Iran. This study evaluates the effects of policies aimed at increasing meat and livestock product prices on profit variables and pasture conditions, considering the significant reliance on nomadic livelihoods. Methodology: The Mamasani region in Fars province, a key nomadic center, was selected for this study. A bio-economic model, integrating economic and biophysical components, was employed to assess the dynamic management of livestock and rangelands. Profit maximization and minimization of Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN) were the goals of the mathematical programming model, considering different price scenarios for meat and livestock products from 2003 to 2021. Results: The simulation results over a ten-year period suggest a drastic decline in livestock numbers and nomadic livelihoods if current conditions persist. Increasing meat prices positively impacted livestock farmers' profits and relieved pasture pressure compared to the current situation. However, a scenario of higher livestock product prices had a negative impact on pasture sustainability despite increased profits. The effects of these scenarios gradually weakened, indicating a moderate improvement in nomadic profits. The study emphasizes the need for awareness among policymakers, planners, and stakeholders about the declining livestock numbers and pasture performance if existing conditions persist without effective price policies simultaneously benefiting nomadic livelihoods and pasture management. Conclusion: The study forecasts a future decline in livestock numbers and sales, posing a threat to nomadic livelihoods and pasture stability. Supportive policies are essential to protect rangelands, considering the worsening conditions due to price scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accelerating the construction of a strong livestock industry is of great significance to better guarantee the supply of livestock products and improve the quality, efficiency and competitiveness of the industry. This study constructed an evaluation index system including supply security, scientific and technological support, industrial resilience and international trade to evaluate the strength of China's livestock industry, and then conducted an in-depth analysis of the issues and challenges of the construction of a livestock powerhouse. The research results showed that China's livestock industry ranked 5th in the world, such that China was transitioning from being a large-producing livestock country to being a livestock powerhouse, although improvement was still needed to reach the goal. There were significant differences across species. China's layer industry was a world leader; the pig, sheep and goat, and broiler industries were strong; and the beef cattle and dairy industries were weaker. There are still many challenges, such as the fact that the domestic supply security capacity needs to be strengthened, the level of scientific and technological support needs to be improved, the modern operation system needs to be sound, the industry and supply chain are not highly resilient, the international trade risks are increasing, and the policy support system needs to be improved. It is recommended to improve the institutional mechanism for the construction of the livestock industry, promote a high level of self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology, build a modern livestock operation system, enhance the resilience and security level of the industry and supply chain, and consolidate and expand international trade and cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, an analysis method was established for the quantification of residues of halquinol and its metabolites in livestock and fishery products using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). We selected beef, pork (muscle and fat), chicken, egg, milk, flat fish, eel, and shrimp as target samples for validation of the method owing to them being typical livestock and fishery products. Validation of the developed analysis method was performed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) at three concentration levels (0.5, 1, and 2 × the maximum residue limits) following the Codex Alimentarius (CODEX) guidelines (CAC/GL 71–2009). For all samples, correlation coefficients (R2) exceeded 0.99, recoveries ranged between 75.59 and 119.36%, and coefficients of variation (CV) ranged between 1.39 and 28.66%, thus satisfying CODEX guidelines. In addition, inter-laboratory validation was conducted, and the resulting recoveries and CVs satisfied the CODEX guidelines; LOQ was established as 10 μg kg–1 for pig muscle and 5 μg kg–1 for the other samples. Therefore, the analysis method developed in this study can accurately and precisely screen for and quantify halquinol and its metabolites in livestock and fishery products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, food security occupies an important place in the national security of the country and each region separately. Food security of the region primarily involves providing the population of the region with sufficient quantity, high quality and a wide range of food. Odesa region is a region in which agricultural enterprises and households are engaged in crop production, animal husbandry and their own processing of agricultural products. The general state and problems of food security in the Odesa region were considered, namely, the dynamics of the production volumes of grain and leguminous crops were analyzed, and the current state of development of the animal husbandry industry was studied. The main points that have a significant impact on the formation and development of the livestock products market in this region have been identified. Agricultural enterprises in this region were analyzed, namely the "Bessarabska" branch of "NIBULON" LLC, which today is a grain transshipment terminal, but in the future the company plans to build a full-fledged elevator and a flour mill; "ISMAIL-TRANSBALKTERMINAL" LLC is an oil extraction plant. The expediency of introducing the latest advanced technologies for growing and processing agricultural products is considered. The analysis of the current state of agriculture and agricultural enterprises shows that there is an available raw material base and farm animals are kept in this region. The export of grain crops to foreign markets has significantly decreased compared to previous years, therefore the increased development of animal husbandry is relevant and effective, which will increase the efficiency of the use of available resources, ensure the growth of labor productivity and employment of the population in rural areas. Recipes of compound feed for sheep have been calculated, in terms of the number of which this region is the leader among other regions of Ukraine. It is proposed to create small regional producers of food and compound feed products, which will allow to meet the needs of Odesa's consumers with food and feed products, as well as the export of products with added value.

A simple and sensitive method for the determination of moenomycin A residues in livestock products using LC-MS/MS was developed. Moenomycin A, a residual definition of flavophospholipol, was extracted from samples with a mixture of ammonium hydroxide and methanol (1 : 9, v/v) preheated at 50°C. The crude extracted solutions were evaporated and purified by liquid--liquid partitioning between a mixture of ammonium hydroxide, methanol and water (1 : 60 : 40, v/v/v) and ethyl acetate. The alkaline layer was taken, and cleaned up using a strong anion exchange (InertSep SAX) solid phase extraction cartridge. The LC separation was performed on an Inertsil C8 column with liner gradient elution using 0.3 vol% formic acid and acetonitrile containing 0.3 vol% formic acid. Moenomycin A was detected using tandem mass spectrometry with negative ion electrospray ionization. Recovery tests were conducted using three porcine samples (muscle, fat and liver) and chicken eggs. Samples were spiked with moenomycin A at 0.01 mg/kg and at the Japanese Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) established for each sample. The trueness ranged from 79 to 93% and precision ranged from 0.5 to 2.8%. The limit of quantification (/N≥10) of the developed method is 0.01 mg/kg. The developed method would thus be very useful for regulatory monitoring of flavophospholipol in livestock products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Agricultural Outlook (1673-3908) is the property of Institute of Agricultural Information, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Livestock products share more than fifteen percent of total agri-foods traded worldwide. A global increase in food demand has increased the risk to food safety. Improvements in food quality, cold chain transit, and preservation are required for safe livestock products. Though, the food safety and regulation authorities demand complete food traceability from farm to fork, but in traditional supply chain it is ignored by fiddling with the transit paperwork and bill invoices. The process of supply chain reformation and activities linked to food recalls during food safety issues are insanely expensive and challenging. Traceability-driven food supply chain management is likely to implement novel technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT). The capability of the Blockchain era within the food sector is emerging with use cases across different regions, as shown via the growing number of studies. Credibility, efficiency, and safety are all improved when food products can be instantly traced from their point of origin through all points of contact on their way to the consumer. Blockchain assures a tamper-proof and transparent system that allows an innovative business solution, together with smart contracts. However, there are significant difficulties with the implementation of blockchain technology for food traceability. It necessitates more and more training platforms as well as trainers, who can make understanding and operability of this technology easy among ground-level participants and food entities. For the tactical application of this technology, it is essential to comprehend the legal and regulatory framework.

Animal production intensification puts pressure on resources, leads to environmental impacts, animal welfare and biodiversity issues. Livestock products provide key components of the human diet and contribute to rural territories through ecosystem services such as nutrient and biomass recycling. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is key to assess environmental impacts in livestock systems and products. A harmonization of LCA methods is necessary to improve evaluations in these areas as LCA still lacks accuracy and robustness in addressing sustainability across livestock systems and products. Here, a participatory harmonization approach was applied to provide a framework to evaluate LCAs of current and future livestock systems. A total of 29 workshops with targeted discussions among 21 LCA experts were organised, together with two anonymous surveys to harmonise evaluation criteria. First, key research topics for improving LCAs of livestock systems were identified as follows: i) Food, feed, fuel and biomaterial competition, crop-livestock interaction and the circular economy; ii) Biodiversity; iii) Animal welfare; iv) Nutrition; v) GHG emissions. Next, general evaluation criteria were identified for livestock focussed LCA methods, considering livestock systems characteristics: Transparency and Reproducibility, Completeness, Fairness and Acceptance, Robustness and Accuracy. Evaluation criteria specific to each key topic were also identified. This participatory method was successful in narrowing down general and specific evaluation criteria through targeted discussion. Moreover, this study provided a holistic participatory framework for the evaluation of LCA methods addressing the impacts of livestock systems across a range of key topics which can be further used for other sectors.

В данной работе в качестве объекта исследования выбрано село Бодене в Бескарагайском районе Восточно-Казахстанской области Казахстана, так как оно находится близко к площадке испытательного ядерного полигона и обладает большим накопленным массивом данных по радиоэкологической обстановке. Как часть исследования было проведено анкетирование, позволившее составить статистику о населении села, а также об особенностях питания и видах деятельности постоянных жителей. В работе было проведено моделирование поступления техногенных радионуклидов в организм человека, проживающего и ведущего сельскохозяйственную деятельность на территории, подверженной влиянию Семипалатинского испытательного полигона. Приведены расчеты по поступлению радионуклидов с растительной и животной пищей, а также ингаляционным путем. Данные исследования позволяют составить оценки и прогноз дозовой нагрузки. При этом важно отметить, что превышения радиационных норм не было обнаружено. Загрязненная пища является основным фактором риска для здоровья человека, поэтому следует уделить большее внимание мониторингу дозовой нагрузки в радиоэкологически неблагополучных районах. Методика проведения исследования может быть использована и для контроля обстановки других населенных пунктов, а результаты расчетов данной работы, в дальнейшем могут быть использованы для сравнения с результатами биофизических измерений.

A method for the rapid analysis of multiclass residual veterinary drugs in poultry muscle, egg, and raw milk was validated in accordance with Japanese guidelines. Using LC-MS/MS, 20 veterinary drugs, including sulfonamides, coccidiostats, and macrolides were analyzed in one injection. Analytes were extracted from the samples with acetonitrile and then dehydrated and salted out using magnesium sulfate, trisodium citrate, and sodium chloride. This method was assessed by performing recovery tests of chicken muscle, duck muscle, egg, and raw milk spiked with 20 new target analytes at concentrations of 10 and 100 μg/kg. According to this method, 17 out of 20 target analytes satisfied the guideline criteria in chicken muscle and duck muscle, and all 20 target analytes met the criteria in egg and raw milk. The limit of quantification was less than MRLs for all analytes. Residues were detected in 4 out of 99 samples and analyzed using the validated method, finding that the levels of all residues were lower than the limits of quantification. These results suggest that continuous monitoring for a new trend of veterinary drugs is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, food security occupies an important place in the national security of the country and each region separately. Food security of the region primarily involves providing the population of the region with sufficient quantity, high quality and a wide range of food. Odesa region is a region in which agricultural enterprises and households are engaged in crop production, animal husbandry and their own processing of agricultural products. The general state and problems of food security in the Odesa region were considered, namely, the dynamics of the production volumes of grain and leguminous crops were analyzed, and the current state of development of the animal husbandry industry was studied. The main points that have a significant impact on the formation and development of the livestock products market in this region have been identified. Agricultural enterprises in this region were analyzed, namely the "Bessarabska" branch of "NIBULON" LLC, which today is a grain transshipment terminal, but in the future the company plans to build a full-fledged elevator and a flour mill; "ISMAIL-TRANSBALKTERMINAL" LLC is an oil extraction plant. The expediency of introducing the latest advanced technologies for growing and processing agricultural products is considered. The analysis of the current state of agriculture and agricultural enterprises shows that there is an available raw material base and farm animals are kept in this region. The export of grain crops to foreign markets has significantly decreased compared to previous years, therefore the increased development of animal husbandry is relevant and effective, which will increase the efficiency of the use of available resources, ensure the growth of labor productivity and employment of the population in rural areas. Recipes of compound feed for sheep have been calculated, in terms of the number of which this region is the leader among other regions of Ukraine. It is proposed to create small regional producers of food and compound feed products, which will allow to meet the needs of Odesa's consumers with food and feed products, as well as the export of products with added value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses livestock population dynamics, demand and supply of livestock products and their consumption pattern in Nagaland. Livestock population of all species except poultry has decreased. Similarly, meat and egg production decreased over the last two decades whereas milk production has increased on a small scale. However, due to changing lifestyle, increasing urbanization and increasing income; demand of meat and more specifically pork has considerably increased. The state is deficient to the tune of 50% in all livestock products. On one side, there is increasing demands and on the other side there is continuous decline in livestock population. It is imperative that Nagaland’s domestic supply will be unable to meet its current demand. To meet the growing demand for livestock products, Nagaland has to adopt competitive and sustainable livestock production technologies which not only increase the productivity, but have positive impact on environment and animal ethics.

A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based method was developed for determining quinclorac in livestock products. Quinclorac was extracted from the samples using a solution of acetone and hydrochloric acid mixed in a 99 : 1 ratio. The crude extract was purified with ethyl acetate under basic conditions, followed by quinclorac extraction with ethyl acetate under acidic conditions and analysis using LC-MS/MS. The average recoveries of quinclorac from five livestock products (n=5) fortified at the maximum residue limits or 0.01 mg/kg ranged from 85.6 to 93.5%, with the precision of repeatability ranging from 1.7 to 6.8%. The quantification limit in this analytical method was 0.01 mg/kg. These results suggest that the developed method is useful for analyzing quinclorac in livestock products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural trade, which involves the exchange of virtual water and land resources, can effectively regulate the allocation of resources among countries while enhancing the well-being of resource-rich and resource-poor nations. China’s animal products trade market concentration is greater, and the livestock industry consumes more water than other agricultural sectors. In order to alleviate the pressure on China’s domestic water and land resources and to ensure that Chinese residents have access to animal products, this article examines the trade situation and drivers of virtual water and land resources related to Chinese animal products trade. This study used the heat equivalent method to measure the virtual water and land flows of the import and export of beef, pork, and mutton from 1992 to 2018, which is followed by the gravity model to investigate the factors impacting China’s flow of virtual land and water related to livestock products trade. We found that the economic development and the agricultural resources of exporters, as well as China’s agricultural employment rates, have a stable beneficial impact on China’s livestock imports. The population of importing nations, China’s cultivated land area, and the livestock production index of importers and exporters have a positive impact on the export of livestock products from China. Our results remain robust following a series of additional tests.

Accelerating the construction of a strong livestock industry is of great significance to better guarantee the supply of livestock products and improve the quality, efficiency and competitiveness of the industry. This study constructed an evaluation index system including supply security, scientific and technological support, industrial resilience and international trade to evaluate the strength of China’s livestock industry, and then conducted an in-depth analysis of the issues and challenges of the construction of a livestock powerhouse. The research results showed that China’s livestock industry ranked 5th in the world, such that China was transitioning from being a large-producing livestock country to being a livestock powerhouse, although improvement was still needed to reach the goal. There were significant differences across species. China’s layer industry was a world leader; the pig, sheep and goat, and broiler industries were strong; and the beef cattle and dairy industries were weaker. There are still many challenges, such as the fact that the domestic supply security capacity needs to be strengthened, the level of scientific and technological support needs to be improved, the modern operation system needs to be sound, the industry and supply chain are not highly resilient, the international trade risks are increasing, and the policy support system needs to be improved. It is recommended to improve the institutional mechanism for the construction of the livestock industry, promote a high level of self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology, build a modern livestock operation system, enhance the resilience and security level of the industry and supply chain, and consolidate and expand international trade and cooperation.

A simultaneous analytical method, which used LC/MSMS for imidazolinone herbicides from livestock products (egg, milk, beef, pork, and chicken) for monitoring, was developed with a QuEChERS preparation. A weighed sample (5 g) in a 50 mL conical tube was added to 0.1 M potassium phosphate dibasic solution (5 mL) and shaken for 10 min. After shaking, 0.5 mL of 6 N HCl and 5 mL of acetonitrile were added, and this solution was shaken for 10 min. Additionally, QuEChERS extraction salts (original method, 4 g MgSO4, 1 g NaCl) were added to the sample in a 50 mL conical tube. The mixture was strongly shaken for 1 min and centrifuged at 3000× g for 10 min. The acetonitrile layer was purified with dSPE (150 mg MgSO4, 25 mg C18) and was centrifuged at 13,000× g for 5 min. The supernatant was filtered with a membrane filter (pore size: 0.2 μm) before analysis. The ME (%, matrix effect) range for almost all analytes was −6.56 to 7.11%. MLOD (method limit of detection) and MLOQ (method limit of quantitative) values were calculated by the S/N ratio. MLOQs were 0.01 mg/kg. The linear correlation coefficients (R2) were >0.99 with the range of 0.5~25 μg/kg for all of the imidazolinone herbicides. The recoveries (of imidazolinone herbicides) were in the range of 76.1~110.6% (0.01 mg/kg level), 89.2~97.1% (0.1 mg/kg level), and 94.4~104.4% (0.5 mg/kg level). These are within the validation criteria (to recover 70–120% with RSD <20%). The method demonstrated the simple, rapid, high throughput screening and quantitative analysis of imidazolinone herbicide residues for monitoring in livestock products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Veterinary drugs are widely used to treat livestock diseases, but the emergence of problems related to drug resistance prompted the government of the Republic of Korea to enact laws regulating the use of veterinary drugs in livestock. Monitoring the contents of residual drugs in livestock products at regular intervals is necessary to assess whether the regulations have resulted in the effective management of food product safety and prevent and manage unexpected problems related to this issue. A 2019–2023 livestock product post-marketing monitoring program launched by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) of the Republic of Korea inspected 1135 livestock products. Sixty-two different veterinary drugs were detected among 167 monitored, with a detection rate of 28.2% (320/1135 samples; chicken [125], pork [114], milk [35], beef [30], and egg [16]). Diclazuril was detected most frequently, followed by flumequine, clopidol, and enrofloxacin. Over the past five years, two samples that did not conform to the regulations were identified to contain 20 and 215 ng/g, diclazuril and toltrazuril sulfone, respectively. The estimation of exposure and risk assessment revealed that the hazard index of diclazuril was below 75%. However, in case of toltrazuril sulfone, it showed a hazard index exceeding 138% in the scenario of the 95th percentile high consumption of chicken. The results of this study may provide a useful reference in initiating more targeted work in the future, such as the further fine-tuning of food safety monitoring programs and developing food safety standards. In future studies, the MFDS shall continue to monitor the statuses of residual veterinary drugs in commercial livestock products. • We investigated 151 veterinary drug residues in 1135 livestock samples from the Republic of Korea. • Among the analyzed samples, 28.2% (n = 320) contained veterinary drug residues. • Two violations of the maximum residual limits set by the Republic of Korea were observed. • Various residues of veterinary drugs were often detected in combination. • The current levels of exposure to diclazuril and toltrazuril sulfone did not present a significant risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Global feed supply displaces environmental impacts of livestock rearing from feed consuming to feed producing countries. • Impacts vary across countries and livestock products, with global feed trade shaping impact profiles. • The origin and type of feed consumed influence the magnitude and distribution of the impacts. • The study identifies livestock production systems qualifying as priority sustainability targets. Driven by a growing and more affluent population, changing diets and lifestyles, the demand for livestock products is expected to surge in the next decades. Satisfying this demand will result in additional pressures on land systems. The increasingly globalized supply chains of the livestock economy will further decouple many of these impacts from the places where livestock are reared. In this study, we determined the impact intensities of global livestock production across three environmental indicators: deforestation, biodiversity loss and marine eutrophication. To this end, we used global data on the production of crops (and grass), their trade and use as feed in livestock-production systems, as well as livestock production data. We found the highest deforestation and biodiversity impact intensities in the tropics in Central and South America, Southeast Asia and Central Western Africa. In contrast, the highest values for marine eutrophication intensities were found in countries located in Northern Europe and in South and in East Asia. Our analyses show differences caused by varying efficiencies in livestock production systems and by the sourcing patterns of feed items. In grazing systems for the production of ruminant meat, for example, the resulting impact intensities are dominated by the consumption of grass. In intensive and industrialized production systems, the bulk of the deforestation and, to a lesser extent, biodiversity impacts are linked to imported soybean feed. Our results can help identify livestock production systems and countries that would qualify as priority action targets, as well as potential entry points to make their livestock production systems more sustainable. They can also be used to assist consumers in comparing impacts across and within livestock food product types. Ultimately, understanding the environmental impacts embodied in global supply chains of livestock products can help create better regulatory policies and science-based interventions for protecting terrestrial and marine ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• For the first time in Lithuania, food losses in primary production are estimated. • Data come from a survey and Farm Accountancy Data Network. • Food loss rates range from less than 1% for milk to more than 20% for beets. • Environmental factors and quality issues are critical for crop products. • Diseases are the most important for animals. Food loss and waste occur along the whole food supply chain and need to be addressed by dedicated strategies. Among all the stages of the food supply chain, food loss in primary production has been the least studied to date. In order to address this gap, this paper focuses on on-farm food loss, using Lithuania as a case study. The research comprises eleven crop products and five livestock products prevailing in Lithuanian agricultural production. A survey-based method is utilized to collect primary data from farmers. The final data set consists of 408 completely answered questionnaires. The survey-based data are merged with those from the Farm Accountancy Data Network in order to devise an effective framework for estimating self-reported on-farm food loss. The results show that there exists substantial variation in on-farm food loss rates ranging from less than 1% for milk to slightly more than 20% for beets. Environmental factors and those related to consumer and buyer requirements are the main reasons for losses of crop products, while diseases appear as the main causes of death for animals. The food loss and waste reduction measures are derived based on the results of the survey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intensification of the animal husbandry sector in India is overlapping with the increased administration of antibiotics in food-producing animals for therapeutic, prophylactic and growth promotion purposes. Now antibiotic residues are appearing in milk, meat, and eggs if the withdrawal period is not observed, leading to adverse effects on human health due to its consumption. Thus there is need to study the consciousness of consumers about food safety issues and their knowledge about antibiotic residues in livestock products. The present study has been conducted purposively in Telangana state by selecting 120 non-vegetarian consumers. The study revealed that respondents from the study area, preferred taste, followed by price over the other attributes while purchasing the livestock products. Antibiotic residues and hormone residues were the least considered attributes revealed by respondents. About 71% had low level of knowledge followed by medium about antibiotic residues in livestock products and antimicrobial resistance. Lack of concern and knowledge suggest low level of consumer awareness as well as consciousness about the potential risks associated with these residues on human health. Thus, there is need to provide adequate information and education amongst the general public about these emerging food safety issues.

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study and substantiate the export potential of the livestock industry of Ukraine based on available resources and taking into account the productivity of fodder crops and farm animals. Methodology / approach. In the course of the conducted research, general scientific methods were used, in particular, a monographic one at a complex and comprehensive study of production and export potential of livestock products in Ukraine; the calculation-and-design method was used in determining the main options for exporting livestock products by their main types and choosing the best of them; the economic-and-mathematical method was used to optimize the export of livestock products according to the selected criteria of finding the maximum value, taking into account the established technological and market variables. Results. The article investigates and substantiates the export potential of the livestock industry of Ukraine. Evaluation and planning of fodder resources were carried out that can be used to increase livestock production. An economic-mathematical model was developed to determine the export potential of the livestock industry of Ukraine based on the search for the maximum value of the value of exports, taking into account technological, economic, and market limitations. According to the modeling results, the export potential of the livestock industry of Ukraine, depending on the level of productivity of the resources used, is estimated at 39 to 55.5 bln EUR per year. Originality / scientific novelty. Modeling method of the optimal structure of livestock production and export of Ukraine was improved taking into account technological, economic, and market factors to ensure the growth of export potential of the industry and efficiency of the use of mobilized resources. Practical values / implications. The results of the study can be used to justify the development of those areas of livestock in Ukraine, which will ensure maximum efficiency in the distribution of fodder resources from value-added growth, which will contribute to the export potential of livestock and agro-industrial complex in general.

This paper evaluates output supply and input factor demands for livestock products in the Southern rangelands of Kenya. A flexible translog profit function that permits the application of the primal approach to the output supply and factor demand analysis was estimated using household-level data. The results indicate that the own-price elasticities of supply for cattle, sheep and goats were all positive. The own-price elasticities for the supply of sheep and goat products were elastic, while the own-price elasticities for the supply of cattle products was inelastic. Cross-price and scale elasticities were found to be within the inelastic range in all cases, with goat production complementing both cattle and sheep production. All factor input demand elasticities for cattle, sheep and goats had the expected negative sign and were inelastic. These results offer a valuable opportunity for the development of pro-pastoral price policies that reduce factor market imperfections and thus enhance livestock productivity in the rangelands of Kenya. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method for determining albendazole metabolite (metabolite I) in livestock products using LC-MS/MS was proposed. Livestock samples were hydrolyzed with 6 mol/L HCl at 110°C for an hour and defatted with ethyl acetate and n-hexane (1 : 1, v/v) mixture. Metabolite I was extracted with acetonitrile from the sample, and the extracts were salted out under basic conditions, allowing the acetonitrile layer to separate. The acetonitrile solution was cleaned up using a cartridge column packed with divinylbenzene-N-vinylpyrolidone copolymer bearing sulfo groups. The HPLC separation was conducted on an Inertsil ODS-4 column with a gradient formed from water containing 0.05% (v/v formic acid and acetonitrile containing 0.05% (v/v) formic acid. To detect metabolite I, tandem mass spectrometry with positive ion electrospray ionization was used. Truenesses (n=5) of metabolite I from cattle meat, fat, liver, and milk spiked at the maximum residue limits or the 0.01 mg/kg were in the range from 83.6 to 97.9%, and the relative standard deviations were from 1.6 to 6.1%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Livestock products are not only rich in calories but have a high nutritional value too. The northern hill states of Himachal Pradesh (HP), Uttarakhand (UK), and erstwhile Jammu and Kashmir (now a UT) face unique challenges which may have a direct bearing on food security. The present study used NSSO reports pertaining to the year 2011-12 to analyse the consumption pattern of livestock and nutritional contribution in northern hill states. Apart from high CAGR in real MPCE (2.6-4.8%) on livestock products, their share in total food expenditure has also risen and it has overtaken the expenditure on cereals in the states considered. Liquid milk was the major livestock product consumed and its level of consumption was much higher than national average. Highest consumption of milk in HP in India calls for ramping up the cattle productivity. Consumption of chevon/mutton in JK and HP was unparalleled. There is huge demand for the market curd in urban areas of the hill states. Livestock products contributed a major chunk of proteins (18-28%) and fats (33-37%) in the northern hill states. Consumption of eggs, fish, and meat in Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh was very less.

The livestock sector contributes significantly to resource use and pollution in food systems. Therefore, assessing and reducing the environmental impacts of livestock production under different farming systems has become an important area of solution-oriented research in sustainability sciences. A case study in northern China on beef cattle, pig, broiler, layer and dairy farm systems was used to analyze the water footprint (WF) and N emissions in producing units of products from cradle-to-farm-gate based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. Possible ways to change feed components and manure management to reduce environmental impacts were assessed. The results showed that 98.1%–99.4% of the water consumption in beef, pork, chicken, egg and milk production was from feed production. The N losses in livestock products were mainly caused by ammonia (NH 3) emission by 53.8–83.5%, nitrous oxide emission by 6.4–17.3%, and N leaching by 6.1–16.8%. Life cycle assessment indicated that the green, blue, grey and total WFs of livestock products could be reduced by 9.9–31.4%, 21.6–70.6%, (−9.8)-38.0%, and 14.7–32.4%, respectively, by optimizing the feed composition. Changing feed composition, improving housing facilities (such as by using padded floor for beef cattle, pig, and dairy farm systems), using household biogas facilities to treat manure or coupling all of the above strategies could reduce the nitrogen footprint (NF) by an average of 29.4%, 4.6%, 16.2% and 43.2%, respectively, for all farming systems. Changing feed composition, using a padded floor and using household biogas treatment on manure were effective practices in reducing water consumption and nitrogen emissions from livestock farming systems, with an overall positive influence on reducing the overall WF and NF for livestock systems in northern China. • Water and nitrogen footprints of meat, egg and milk in northern China were quantified. • Water footprint was related to the high-water-consumption in feed production. • Nitrogen footprint was attributed to ammonia emissions from feed, housing and manure. • Optimizing feed composition and manure management could reduce the two footprints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the role of the state in the regulation of production processes and indicates the need to overcome the crisis in animal husbandry, one of the leading sectors of economic growth of production, which requires the appropriate impact of the state, through the formation of state support and implementation of effective public policy. State decisions have been formed, the main components and objectives of the state policy and the list of measures for its implementation in animal husbandry is now an urgent issue. It is established that not only the socio-economic development of the state, but also the level of its food security depends on the existing problems in animal husbandry. It is argued that public policy should address the ever-emerging human needs for animal products with the ability of the state and society to meet them. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the essence, theoretical and methodological foundations and conceptual approaches to the formation of state support of livestock as the main component of state policy. Accordingly, the need to direct public policy measures to improve public support, which provides for the implementation, through funding from the state budget, innovative renewal and regulation of production activities in animal husbandry. The directions of expenses according to the state budget of Ukraine in support of animal husbandry are considered. Functions and principles of state support and regulation of production activity in animal husbandry are investigated. Priorities of the state support of animal husbandry are defined: improvement of financial and credit and investment policy of the state concerning the accelerated increase of a livestock of cattleand production by subjects of managing high-quality livestock production. Directions of financial and economic stimulation of production and increase of efficiency of the state financial support of further development of animal husbandry are offered.

Purpose. Purpose of the article is to summarize theoretical foundations of the study of the nature and content of economic relations between participants of the agri-food market for livestock products, expanding and adding the classification of relationship types and justifying their modern transformation. Methodology / approach. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the dialectical method of knowledge of economic processes, the fundamental provisions of modern economic theory, scientific works domestic and foreign scientists on economic relations between participants of the agri-food market for livestock products. A systematic approach, methods of generalization, induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis and comparison were used to achieve this purpose. Results. As a result of the study knowledge about special aspects of transformation of economic relations under the influence of changing economic processes in a dynamic space was expanded. Such processes include as follows: development of integration of theory into practice, process of state regulation of the market, development of human capital, agrarian relations and integration processes. Transformation of economic relations, in its turn, has the opposite effect on the space change. Classification of economic relations by highlighting certain criteria was also generalized. Originality / scientific novelty. The scientific novelty consists in clarifying the categories «economic relations between participants of the market for livestock products» and «economic space». Under the first category we mean the interaction and interdependence of participants in these relations, arising in the process of manufacture, processing and sale of livestock products and aimed at meeting the needs of participants through satisfaction of their interests; under the second category we mean a set of economic processes and business entities connected by a single institutional structure and information field related to formation of the results of economic activity. Practical value / implications. Practical significance involves specification of offers to agricultural manufacturers, namely, regarding the staged actions related to state registration of households of population as subjects of self-employment. Then integrate them into the agriculture and food market. The purpose of the proposed organizational changes is the establishment of vertical, formal, long-term, regular (sustainable), mutually beneficial and reliable inter-industry relations, which are driven by the technological aspects of livestock products. Taking the proposed actions will help to change the direction of economic relations between the market participants.

A simultaneous analytical method, which used LC/MSMS for imidazolinone herbicides from livestock products (egg, milk, beef, pork, and chicken) for monitoring, was developed with a QuEChERS preparation. A weighed sample (5 g) in a 50 mL conical tube was added to 0.1 M potassium phosphate dibasic solution (5 mL) and shaken for 10 min. After shaking, 0.5 mL of 6 N HCl and 5 mL of acetonitrile were added, and this solution was shaken for 10 min. Additionally, QuEChERS extraction salts (original method, 4 g MgSO4, 1 g NaCl) were added to the sample in a 50 mL conical tube. The mixture was strongly shaken for 1 min and centrifuged at 3000× g for 10 min. The acetonitrile layer was purified with dSPE (150 mg MgSO4, 25 mg C18) and was centrifuged at 13,000× g for 5 min. The supernatant was filtered with a membrane filter (pore size: 0.2 μm) before analysis. The ME (%, matrix effect) range for almost all analytes was −6.56 to 7.11%. MLOD (method limit of detection) and MLOQ (method limit of quantitative) values were calculated by the S/N ratio. MLOQs were 0.01 mg/kg. The linear correlation coefficients (R2) were >0.99 with the range of 0.5~25 μg/kg for all of the imidazolinone herbicides. The recoveries (of imidazolinone herbicides) were in the range of 76.1~110.6% (0.01 mg/kg level), 89.2~97.1% (0.1 mg/kg level), and 94.4~104.4% (0.5 mg/kg level). These are within the validation criteria (to recover 70–120% with RSD

An analytical method based on LC-MS/MS was developed for the determination of asulam in livestock products. Asulam in livestock products was extracted with acetone. The crude extracts were defatted by acetonitrile and n-hexane partitioning. Cleanup was carried out using a combination of ethylene diamine-2V-propyl silylation silica gel (PSA) and octadecyl silylated silica gel (C18) mini columns with acidic condition. The sample solution was subjected to LC-MSZMS using an external solvent calibration curve. The average recovery (n = 5)of Asulam from four types of livestock products (bovine muscle, bovine fat, bovine liver and milk) spike at the maximum residue limits (MRLs) or at a uniform limit of 0.01 mg/kg was 92.7-98.7%, with a relative standard deviation of 3.1-11.6%. The limit of quantitation of the developed method was calculated to be 0.01 mg/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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