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The El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO)‐related interannual variability of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea (ECS) was revisited based on reanalysis outputs during 1993–2018. Unlike the synchronized variations from 2006 to 2018, the period of 1993–2005 showed regional differences in how the ECS‐Kuroshio responded to ENSO events. Specifically, from the upstream region to the midway of the continental slope, the ECS‐Kuroshio exhibited distinct six‐year interannual modulation during 1993–2005. In contrast, downstream Kuroshio variability primarily followed a four‐year cycle, aligning with ENSO variability during the same period. Further analysis suggested that the sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) east of the Kerama Gap, near the midpoint of the Ryukyu Island chain, extended inside the ECS until the southern side of the Tokara Strait along the ECS‐Kuroshio path and was well correlated with the Kuroshio in the Tokara Strait during 1993–2005. The cause of this SSHA signal was attributed to forcing by ENSO‐related wind stress curl changes in the interior region. There was an obvious difference in the ENSO‐related atmospheric circulation before and after 2005. The wind stress curl pattern in the North Pacific during 1993–2005, characterized by a maximum in the Kerama Gap latitude band, shifted northward compared to that during 2006–2018. The relative northward shift of the ENSO‐related wind stress curl, which stimulates the long baroclinic Rossby wave propagating westward and arriving east of the Kerama Gap, affect the interannual variabilities of both the upstream and downstream Kuroshio. Plain Language Summary: The Kuroshio is the western boundary current of the North Pacific Ocean. It plays a significant role in the marine ecosystem and the global heat budget of the East China Sea (ECS). This study revealed that the responses of the Kuroshio in the ECS to the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) show distinctive regional differences from upstream to downstream region during 1993–2005, which is different from the synchronized response during 2006–2018. The sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) east of the Kerama Gap, which is forced by ENSO‐related wind stress curl changes in the North Pacific, could extend inside the ECS until the Tokara Strait along the ECS‐Kuroshio path and is well correlated with the Kuroshio in the Tokara Strait before 2005. Key Points: Upstream and downstream ECS‐Kuroshio exhibited inconsistent (consistent) responses to the ENSO variation before (and after) 2005Variation of the Kuroshio in the Tokara Strait is related to the SSHA east of the Kerama Gap, which may be attributed to the El Niño state before 2005The ENSO‐related wind stress pattern shifted northward during 1993–2005 compared with that during 2006–2018 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibroblasts are stromal cells ubiquitously distributed in the body of nearly every organ tissue. These cells were previously considered to be "passive cells", solely responsible for ensuring the turnover of the extracellular matrix (ECM). However, their versatility, including their ability to switch phenotypes in response to tissue injury and dynamic activity in the maintenance of tissue specific homeostasis and integrity have been recently revealed by the innovation of technological tools such as genetically modified mouse models and single cell analysis. These highly plastic and heterogeneous cells equipped with multifaceted functions including the regulation of angiogenesis, inflammation as well as their innate stemness characteristics, play a central role in the delicately regulated process of wound healing. Fibroblast dysregulation underlies many chronic conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, inflammatory diseases, and diabetes mellitus (DM), which represent the current major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), one of the most severe complications of DM affects 40 to 60 million people. Chronic non-healing DFU wounds expose patients to substantial sequelae including infections, gangrene, amputation, and death. A complete understanding of the pathophysiology of DFU and targeting pathways involved in the dysregulation of fibroblasts are required for the development of innovative new therapeutic treatments, critically needed for these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigated the stickiness effect of the Hamilton system of the Hydrogen atom exposed to intense laser field. Even for the one electron system, its Poincare surface of section shows the chaotic and regular parts due to the laser field which can be explained by KAM (Kolmogorov, Arnold, and Moser) theory. The unstable periodic orbit (UPO) in chaotic "sea" was located by variational method and the corresponding stable manifold (SM) and unstable manifold (UM) of the UPO were numerically calculated. It was shown that the dynamics of ionization of the one electron system is governed by the UPO. On one hand, the SM of UPO is well superposed with the recurrence plot, which indicates that the SM overlaps just the stable initial points in phase space. On the other hand, the UM is almost coincide with the densely distributed points on Poincare surface of section. This indicated that the UM is just the ionization channels of the trajectories driven by laser field. Furthermore, the survival probabilities of different regions which gradually cross the UM and SM tangential flow nearby the stable island are studied. They obey an algebraic decaying law. The similar decay trend are also observed on different regions on the UM which possess almost the same decay parameters with that of region nearby the UPO. These observations confirmed that the stability properties of UPO play very important role in the stickiness effect of the phase space nearby the KAM stable islands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]