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BackgroundCognitive behavioral therapy （CBT） is a widely used and empirically supported psychotherapy method. In recent years， the localization of CBT related to culture has received increasing attention from Chinese scholars. However， there is still a lack of systematic research on the localization of CBT using idioms as materials.ObjectiveTo explore whether idioms reflect the mutual influence between the two core therapeutic elements of CBT （cognition and emotion） and to use them as CBT treatment tools among college students， so as to provide references for the localization of CBT.MethodsUsing the Xinhua Idiom Dictionary （second edition） published by the Commercial Press， a three-round manual screening method was used to select idioms that reflected the mutual influence between cognition and emotion in CBT. Based on the selected idioms， a survey questionnaire titled "survey on idiom understanding level" was developed. From August to October， 2022， stratified sampling was conducted among college students from different majors and universities， and 815 valid questionnaires were obtained through the Questionnaire Star platform. By analyzing the understanding of each idiom among college students， idioms that could be used as CBT treatment tools were identified.ResultsIn the Xinhua Idiom Dictionary （second edition）， there were 13 idioms that reflected the influence of cognition on emotion and 5 idioms that reflected the influence of emotion on cognition. 12 idioms could be used as CBT treatment tools， including 8 idioms that reflected the influence of cognition on emotion and 4 idioms that reflected the influence of emotion on cognition.ConclusionThere may be idioms that reflect the mutual influence between the two core therapeutic elements of CBT （cognition and emotion） and these idioms can be attempted as a therapeutic tool for CBT among college students.

BackgroundObsessive-compulsive personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder （OCD） are common psychological disorders with similar clinical symptoms， but the differences between the two need further clarification.ObjectiveTo explore the clinical features of and influencing factors of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder in patients with OCD， so as to provide references for further relevant clinical diagnosis and treatment.MethodsA total of 195 patients with OCD were selected as the research subjects， who received treatment at the outpatient and inpatient departments of the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from July 2022 to December 2023 and met the diagnostic criteria for OCD in the International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10）. Evaluation was conducted by using the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale （Y-BOCS）， Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+ （PDQ-4+）， Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised （OCI-R）， Beck Depression Inventory （BDI）， Beck Anxiety Inventory （BAI） and Sheehan Disability Scale （SDS）. In accordance with the score of Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder Scale in PDQ-4+， patients were divided into the OCD group with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder （n=58） and the OCD group without obsessive-compulsive personality disorder （n=137）. Pearson correlation analysis and Spearman correlation analysis were adopted to examine the correlation between clinical features and the score of the Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder Scale. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of OCD patients with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.ResultsStatistically significant differences were observed between OCD patients with and without obsessive-compulsive personality disorder in the age， family history of mental illness， time without treatment， hoarding and ranking dimension scores in OCI-R， OCI-R total score， score of Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder Scale in PDQ-4， and BDI score （P≤0.05）. OCD patients with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder in the time without treatment， OCI-R total score， hoarding and ranking dimension scores in OCI-R and BDI score are all positively correlated with the score of the Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder Scale （r=0.120， 0.526， 0.364， 0.492， 0.414， P

The diblock copolymer electrolyte PEGMEMAm-GMAn-Br （PGA-Br）， a copolymer of poly（ethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate） （PEGMEMA）， and glycidyl methacrylate （GMA） were synthesised by designing the molecular structure of the polymer and using thermally-initiated free-radical polymerisation. The electrochemical performance were investigated. The results show that the ionic conductivity of polymer electrolyte is improved by PGA block or grafting on polymer electrolyte， and the ionic conductivity at room temperature reaches 1.05×10-4 S·cm-1. At the same time， PGA-Br block copolymer electrolytes exhibit a low glass transition temperature （-65 ℃）， a high thermal decomposition temperature， an electrochemical stability window of up to 5.1 V， and flame-retardant property. The Li|Li symmetrical solid-state battery assembled with PGA-Br copolymer electrolyte exhibits an enhanced electrode/electrolyte solid-solid interface， which can achieve uniform deposition of lithium metal and effectively inhibit the lithium dendrites growth. The LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 （NCM811） |PGA-Br|Li solid-state battery based on PGA-Br block copolymer electrolyte can achieve a high first cycle discharge specific capacity of 160.1 mAh/g at 0.1 C， and the capacity retention rate is as high as 91.5% after 100 cycles， and with a stable Coulombic efficiency of over 98.5%.

ObjectiveCongenital heart disease （CHD） is a common birth defect in children， with its incidence increasing annually. Because of their special health status， the vaccination situation for children with CHD has become a focal point of attention. This paper systematically reviews the current status of vaccination among children with CHD in China to identify existing issues in vaccination efforts for children with CHD， provide guidance for increasing vaccination rates among children with CHD， reduce the incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases， and provide ideas for subsequent research.MethodsLiterature on the vaccination of children with CHD in China was searched in both Chinese and English databases， including CNKI， Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform， VIP， Chinese Biomedical and Web of Science， PubMed， EmBase， and the Cochrane Library. Relevant literature was identified based on inclusion and exclusion criteria， and data extraction was carried out to summarize the research results.ResultsA total of 15 studies were included. Three articles focusing on expert consensus （guideline recommendations） for vaccination of children with CHD in China all agreed that vaccination is both feasible and necessary for children with CHD. Systematic analysis found that the overall timely vaccination rate for children with CHD was between 34% and 50%， with a notable delay in vaccination. However， after professional outpatient assessment， the vast majority of children with CHD were advised to be vaccinated according to the national recommended schedule， with only about 2% of them being advised to delay vaccination. The proportion of children with CHD who reported suspected adverse events following immunization （AEFI） was low and not significantly different from that of healthy/control children.ConclusionThe safety of vaccinations for children with CHD in China is relatively high， but the total timely vaccination rate is currently low. In order to improve the coverage and timeliness of vaccination in children with CHD， it is recommended that relevant departments provide vaccination policy support. There is a lack of research on the effectiveness of vaccination in children with CHD， so further studies are urgently needed to further improve the vaccination strategy for children with CHD in China.

Benggang (a fragmented erosion landform) have emerged as crucial factors restraining regional economic development, social stability, and ecological conservation due to their suddenness, explosiveness, and unpredictability. Monitoring the dynamic changes in distribution density, degree of development, and influencing factors of Benggang in large-scale natural environments can constitute preliminary references for studying the mechanisms, patterns, and influencing factors of Benggang in the natural environment, as well as providing insights for the coordination of regional socio-economic development and ecological environment governance. In this study, Sentinel-1/2 satellite constellation remote sensing images and other auxiliary data from 2016 to 2022 were combined with machine learning methods to identify Benggang erosion and measure the influencing factors of Benggang erosion in the middle and upper reaches of the Han River. The results indicate that: 1) The overall accuracy of the classification model in this study is 84%, with a Kappa coefficient of 0.8. The user's and producer's accuracy of Benggang erosion identification both exceed 95%, and their FScore is 0.97. However, smaller-scale Benggang erosion (< 100 m2) is easily confused with grassland and sparse vegetation, thereby reducing the Benggang identification accuracy. 2) Currently, the total area of Benggang erosion in the middle and upper reaches of the Han River is 435.5 km2. There are significant differences in Benggang erosion areas across counties, cities, and districts, with varying annual trends. In terms of spatial distribution, the Benggang erosion areas in Wuhua County, Xingning City, Dapu County, Fengshun County, Meixian District, Pingyuan County, Jiaoling County, and Meijiang District are 199.2, 70.1, 57.7, 50.1, 35.4, 14.9, 3.9, and 1.6 km2, respectively. In terms of time change trends, the average annual rates of change of Benggang erosion areas in Wuhua County, Xingning City, Dapu County, Fengshun County, Meixian District, Pingyuan County, Jiaoling County, and Meijiang District are 16.29, 6.51, 5.31, 4.94, 3.56, 1.39, 0.42, and 0.18 km2/a, respectively. 3) The occurrence probability of Benggang in the study area is significantly correlated (P < 0.001) with elevation, slope, vegetation coverage, geological type, population density, atmospheric pressure, rainfall, meridional wind speed, zonal wind speed, and wind speed. Within a certain range of variation in the influencing factors, elevation, slope, geological type, atmospheric pressure, meridional wind speed, zonal wind speed, and wind speed have a positive impact on Benggang occurrence probability in the study area, while vegetation coverage, population density, and rainfall have a negative impact on the occurrence of Benggang erosion. Furthermore, geological type, slope, atmospheric pressure, elevation, vegetation cover, population density and wind speed are the main influencing factors for the occurrence of Benggang in the study area. Therefore, strengthening the monitoring of these seven variables is necessary to enhance early warning capabilities for geological disasters due to Benggang in the study area.

[Objective] In response to the controversy over the “source-sink” effects of hydraulic erosion on soil carbon cycle, the impact mechanism of hydraulic erosion on soil organic carbon mineralization and soil microbial diversity were reviewed and the directions and precautions of quantitative research in this field in the future were presented. [Methods] Based on the conception and theory of “source effects” and “sink effects” of hydraulic erosion on soil carbon cycle, the core issues of the current controversy over the “source-sink” effects of hydraulic erosion on soil carbon cycle were analyzed, and then the differences of soil microbial diversity changes among different types of soil microorganisms caused by hydraulic erosion and their mechanisms were discussed. [Results] The “source effects” of hydraulic erosion on soil carbon cycle were mainly caused by the organic carbon mineralization during erosion progress, while the “sink effects” were mainly caused by the migration of soil organic carbon to the low-lying areas for sequestration during deposition process. The respiration and decomposition of soil microorganisms resulted in the disappearance of carbon “sinks” in the soil carbon cycle. Hydraulic erosion process weakened the complexity of bacterial community structure, while the deposition process increased the complexity of bacterial community structure. However, both erosion and deposition processes weakened the α-diversity and the structure complexity of fungal community. Hydraulic erosion process indirectly impacted soil microorganisms diversity mainly through altering the soil organic carbon content, vegetation cover and soil pH. [Conclusion] Further research should strengthen the quantitative research on the influence mechanism of hydraulic erosion process on soil carbon cycle at different scales, the interaction mechanism between hydraulic erosion process and soil microbial diversity, as well as the influence mechanism of soil microorganisms on soil carbon cycle during hydraulic erosion progress.

ObjectiveTo compare the levels of contamination of seven mycotoxins， including deoxynivalenol （DON）， zearalenone（ZEN）， fumonisin B1（FB1）， tenuazonic acid（TeA）， alternariol monomethvl ether（AME）， T-2 Toxin（T-2）， ochratoxin A（OTA） in organic and conventional wheat flour sold in Shanghai City， and analyze the cumulative contamination of Fusarium toxin， Alternaria toxin and OTA.MethodsSamples were extracted with acetonitrile， and the contents of the seven mycotoxins were detected using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The calibration curves for all mycotoxins were linear， with correlation coefficients above 0.99. The average recoveries of the spiked samples ranged from 80.13% to 122.86%， with relative standard deviations from 1.91% to 17.14%. This method is simple and rapid， with high accuracy and precision， and meets the requirements for mycotoxin analysis in flour.ResultsT-2 and FB1 were not detected in organic or conventional flours. The contamination levels of DON， ZEN， AME and OTA in organic flour were higher than those in conventional flour. The existence of at least two mycotoxins was observed in 97.5% of the flour samples， with DON+ZEN+OTA having the highest coexistence rate at 18.75%.ConclusionThe rate and level of mycotoxin contamination in organic wheat flour were higher than those in conventional wheat flour. The cumulative contamination of Fusarium toxins （DON， ZEN）， Alternaria toxins （TeA， AME） and OTA were also observed.

The complex structure of Chinese, including the dual-granularity feature of words and phrases, poses unique challenges for sentiment analysis, which is significantly different from the alphabetic word formation mechanism of English text. To capture Chinese semantics more accurately, an advanced parallel channel sentiment classification strategy is designed. In this study, the advanced pre-training model ERNIE with Word2vec is first adopted to enrich the embedding of Chinese text at word granularity. Following that, fine-grained features at the word level are extracted by a multi-window convolutional strategy, and the word vector sequences are deeply learnt using BiGRU network to ensure the comprehensive capture of contextual information in both directions. To further optimise the model, an Attention mechanism is introduced to ensure effective delivery of information and improve computational efficiency. After this series of innovative designs, the microblog comment dataset is used as an experimental case, and the hyperparameters are adjusted to determine the optimal parameters. Six comparison models are selected to verify the effectiveness of MsCBA on three datasets. The classification accuracies of the proposed model on the three datasets are 93.64%, 90.00% and 92.61%, respectively, which are better than the comparison models. This study provides an efficient and innovative approach for Chinese sentiment analysis, which sheds new light on the field of NLP.

BackgroundThe obsessive-compulsive disorder （OCD） features complexity in etiological factors and high heterogeneity in clinical manifestations. OCD patients with different ages of onset vary in clinical symptoms and etiology. However， current studies on inpatients with early- and late-onset OCD are limited.ObjectiveTo explore the differences in clinical characteristics between early- and late-onset OCD inpatients as well as the factors affecting the onset age of OCD， so as to provide references for early screening and treatment of OCD patients.MethodsThis study was based on collected medical records of 540 patients with OCD who received inpatient treatments at the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between March 2012 and March 2023. Patients with onset age above 18 were placed into early-onset group （n=310） and the others into late-onset group （n=230）. Then differences in demographic data and clinical symptoms between two groups of patients were compared. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the factors that affect the onset age of OCD.ResultsObserving the demographic data， there were significant differences between the two groups in the results in gender， marital status， family history of mental illness， ratio of comorbidities with other mental illnesses， occupational composition， education level and types of obsessive-compulsive symptoms （χ2=22.302、170.556， 9.224， 13.624， 242.277， 59.791， 7.231， P

The computer-aided writing system first builds an English writing corpus, which mainly includes several aspects such as corpus selection, corpus preprocessing, formula algorithm design, sentence breaking, and judging whether the sentences are aligned or not. Anchor alignment cannot perform a job alone; it must work in conjunction with named entity recognition technology to study the connection and role between the two. Jieba participle utilizes the idea of the HMM model, which is researched and calculated by the Viterbi algorithm, to recognize new words outside the dictionary. A computer-assisted writing system is introduced into English language teaching to promote conscious and deep student participation, activate classroom teaching, and improve learning effectiveness. The results showed that there was also a significant correlation between text length and English writing ability (P=0.003) and on T-units and English writing ability (P=0.001). Statistical significance was reached for all three indicators of text length (P=0.001), T-units (P=0.001), and English writing proficiency (P=0.002) between groups of high and low subgroups. The vocabulary recommendation function usage record revealed that each student used it 6.21 times on average and had a liking for it 4.32 times on average. 20 students agreed that the system was helpful for their writing. The two groups of students’ writing scores differed significantly (0.001) from their respective pre-test scores. The computerized writing instruction system was more helpful for the student’s performance.

The somatic rhythmic teaching method has unique advantages in improving the quality of music and dance teaching. With the purpose of exploring its role in inspiring students’ creative thinking, this paper takes the junior high school students of X Middle School as the research object, firstly, through the questionnaire survey to understand the application of the somatic rhythmic teaching method in music and dance courses, and based on the current situation survey, we designed the somatic rhythmic classroom teaching method in music and dance teaching. Then, the control class and experimental class were selected to conduct the teaching experiment, comparing the students’ creative thinking ability and learning achievement before and after the experiment. After the practice of Somatic Rhythmic Teaching, the performance of students in the experimental class is 36.17% higher than that of the control class, and there is a significant difference between the two classes in the four dimensions of creative thinking (P

This paper analyzes and summarizes the difference between BIM technology and traditional methods in cost management, subdividing the cost index of construction projects into elemental price index, bill of quantities price index, index cost index, and calculating dynamic cost index of construction projects. Based on the cost performance index and schedule performance index, the schedule-cost two-dimensional model of BIM technology is formed to complete the assessment and control of cost performance in order to realize the value analysis of BIM technology in the dynamic cost management of the whole process of construction engineering. Analyze the dynamic cost management of BIM technology in the decision-making stage, design stage, and construction stage of construction projects with examples, focusing on the exploration of engineering cost problems in the construction stage, and analyze the project benefit rate of cost management with BIM technology. Through BIM modeling for collision and error checking and deepening the construction stage design, a total of 503 design collision and error problems are found in total, 15 design change orders are reduced, and about 1,629,480,000 yuan of economic benefits are generated.

In this paper, by analyzing the four American vocal singing styles, the vocal semantics beyond the semantics of the four vocal singing styles are constructed by using the common knowledge map, and the heavy semantic fusion mechanism is established based on the pre-training model of the knowledge map to obtain the contextual semantic features, and the relational classification model MSF-RC is realized. To predict the degree of fusion of the three vocal singing styles, the classical gray theory and To predict the degree of fusion of the three vocal singing styles, the Markov chain prediction is completed for the residual numerical sequences with large volatility. After testing, the accuracy of this algorithm is 0.88, the recall is 0.92, the F-Score is 0.88, and the MAPE value between the actual values of American singing and ethnic singing fusion and the prediction results corrected by the fusion Markov chain model is 1%, which has high prediction accuracy.

Objective To compare the efficacy, safety, and survivability of TCbHP versus AC-THP in the neoadjuvant therapy of HER2-positive breast cancer in real-world. Methods Clinical data of patients with HER2 positive breast cancer, who have received TCbHP or AC-THP as neoadjuvant therapy and completed surgery in 11 third-class hospitals in various cities of Hebei Province, were retrospectively collected.The total pathological complete remission (tpCR) rate, the incidence of grade 3 or higher adverse reactions and the completion rate of the given approaches were compared. Results A total of 110 cases were collected, including 78 cases in the TCbHP group and 32 cases in the AC-THP group.The tpCR rate of the TCbHP group was higher than that of the AC-THP group, but the difference was not statistically significant (64.10% vs. 56.25%, P=0.441).No significant difference was found in the breast pathologic complete response (bpCR) and axillary pathologic complete response (apCR) rates between the TCbHP group and the AC-THP group (70.51% vs. 56.25%, P=0.150;78.21% vs. 84.38%, P=0.462).Exploratory analysis revealed that the tpCR rate of the TCbHP group was significantly higher than that of the AC-THP group in patients with HR-positive breast cancer (51.11% vs. 22.22%, P=0.036).As for the patients with HR-negative breast cancer, the tpCR rate of the AC-THP group tended to be higher than that of the TCbHP group (100% vs. 81.82%, P=0.088).The incidence of grade 3 or higher adverse reactions in the TCbHP group was slightly higher than that in the AC-THP group (12.82% vs. 9.38%, P=0.753).No deaths occurred in the whole group.Moreover, no significant difference was observed in the completion rate of the given approaches between the TCbHP group and the AC-THP group (92.31% vs. 90.63%, P=0.718). Conclusion In real-world clinical practice, the neoadjuvant therapy of TCbHP and AC-THP are effective, safe, and well tolerated among patients with HER2-positive breast cancer.The tpCR rate between the two approaches was not significantly different.The AC-THP regimen could also be considered as one of the optimal regimens for HER2-positive breast cancer in neoadjuvant therapy.

ObjectiveTo explore the maximum allowable concentration of six chemical reagents and three enzyme lysates in a polymerase chain reaction （PCR） amplification system and the differences of IGEPAL CA-630 cleaving different species.MethodsPrepare different kinds of working solutions， including six chemical reagents （IGEPAL CA-630， CTAB， SDS， EDTA， guanidine isothiocyanate， and NaOH） and three enzymes （lysozyme， lysostaphin， and protease K） with different concentrations. Add the working solutions to the fluorescent quantitative PCR system and then analyze the differences in Ct values. Streptococcus thermophilus， Staphylococcus aureus， and Escherichia coli were lysed with IGEPAL CA-630 solutions （1% and 0.1% with TE buffer）， TE buffer and deionized water， respectively， and the differences in PCR results were analyzed.ResultsIn the PCR system， the maximum allowable final concentrations of IGEPAL CA-630， CTAB， SDS， EDTA， guanidine isothiocyanate， and NaOH were 0.800‰， 0.256‰， 0.012 8‰， 0.8 mmol/L， 0.012 8 mol/L， and 0.64 mmol/L respectively. The maximum allowable concentrations of lysozyme， lysostaphin， and protease K were 0.512， 1.28， and 0.512 μg/mL. In the lysing of S. thermophilus and S. aureus with IGEPAL CA-630， the Ct values of TE solution， 0.1% and 1% IGEPAL CA-630 decreased successively， with no significant difference between the TE solution and deionized water. There was no significant difference in Ct values of E. coli treated with deionized water， TE solution， 0.1% and 1% IGEPAL CA-630.ConclusionThis study established the maximum allowable concentration of the above nine components in the PCR amplification solution. Additionally， it was found that increasing the concentration of IGEPAL CA-630 could enhance DNA extraction from gram-positive bacteria.

To understand the prevalence of avian methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the current status of drug resistance in Qingdao, a comprehensive molecular epidemiological investigation and analysis of evolutionary relationships of MRSA isolates from broiler and layer chickens and waterfowl was conducted.

Radiation-induced rectal injury has a negative impact on the quality of life of patients with pelvic malignancy. This paper reviewed studies on pathogenetic mechanism, drug treatment and enema method for radiation-induced rectal injury, and provided reference for improvement of treatment efficacy and establishment of standardized treatment protocols. (盆腔恶性肿瘤患者接受放疗后引起的直肠放射性损伤会严重影响患者的生活质量。本文针对放射性直肠损伤的发生机制、国内外主要用药及灌肠方法的研究进展进行系统综述, 旨在为提高放射性直肠损伤的治疗效果和建立标准化治疗方案提供参考依据。)

Deoxynivalenol （DON）， also known as vomitoxin （VT）， is one of the most common mycotoxins produced by Fusarium spp. It is widely distributed in cereal and related products， which can cause huge economic losses to the world food production and poses a major threat to human and animal health. At present， the method of biological detoxification using microorganisms and enzymes shows good application prospects. Many microorgranisms， including bacteria and fungi， have the ability to absorb or degrade mycotoxins. This article outlines the occurrence and toxicity of DON in food， as well as the mechanism of biological detoxification of DON. Then， the recent progress in the detoxification of DON using fungi， bacteria and plants is summarized in more detail. Biological agents relating to DON detoxification are also discussed， with the aim of providing a reference for biocontrol of DON in food and feed.

The technique of 3D deformation is one of the hot topics in the field of computer graphics.Current 3D deformation methods mainly learn the changes before and after deformation by aggregating localized adjacent voxel features,and fail to exploit the interrelationship between non-local voxel features,and the absence of contextual information prevents the model from capturing more discriminative features.To address the above problems,this paper designs a voxel deformation network based on environmental information mining,which can extract local and environmental information simultaneously,and extract environmental information from different spatial domains to improve the representation performance of the network,further modeling the relationship before and after the deformation of the object.Firstly,a novel self-attention mechanism is introduced.Specifically,the learning of the non-local dependence of different voxels is proposed to improve the ability of voxel discrimination.Then,a multi-scale analysis method is introduced to extract environmental information in different perceptual fields via multiple dilated convolution with different dilation rates,which provides more informative contextual features for the subsequent models.In addition,this paper analyzes the impact of feature fusion on the model and designs a method based on encoder-decoder feature fusion,which adaptively fuses the features extracted from the encoder and decoder to improve the nonlinear mapping capability of the model.Extensive experiments are conducted on our tooth dataset.The results show that the deformation prediction accuracy of the proposed method is improved compared to existing methods.

ObjectiveTo prepare proficiency testing samples of Vibrio parahemolyticus （V. parahemolyticus）and apply to laboratory test.MethodsThe five background strains and V. parahemolyticus were identified by biochemical reaction and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry（MALDI-TOF MS）. The V. parahemolyticus positive samples and negative samples were prepared by freeze-drying. The negative samples contained background bacteria only and the V. parahemolyticus were added in positive samples with background strains. Twenty samples were selected randomly for uniformity test. The samples were stored respectively at -20 ℃ and 4 ℃ to evaluate the storage stability， meanwhile the transport stability were evaluated by storing samples at 25 ℃ and 37 ℃ for 7 d. Samples were distributed to laboratories participating in the proficiency test with operation instruction， and the feedback results from laboratories were analyzed.ResultsThe results of all the related strains were consistent with the expectations. Both of the positive samples and negative samples could meet the requirements of the uniformity and stabilit. The satisfaction rates of assessment results were 87.5% and 90% in 2019 and 2020 respectively.ConclusionThe V. parahemolyticus samples could meet the requirements of the proficiency test. By organization proficiency test， the difference of laboratories can be discovered which is helpful to further improve the laboratory test capacity.

Islands and reefs in the South China Sea (SCSIRs) are important components of maritime cooperation and ocean governance in the South China Sea (SCS), providing land conditions for a variety of maritime cooperation. The sustainable development of SCSIRs is a cornerstone of coordinated development and cooperative governance in the SCS. As most SCSIRs are coral reefs with a fragile ecological environment and simplified development models, this study aims to quantitatively and multi-dimensionally explore the current status of their sustainable development to add scientific development planning and improve China's own ocean governance capabilities. The scientific assessment of island and reef development is the inevitable choice for sustainable development of SCSIRs. Based on the method of the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process, Entropy Weight Method, and combined weight, a subject-objective weight coupling evaluation method for the sustainable development of SCSIRs was developed that can reflect their development status relatively objectively and comprehensively. In addition, the Yongxing Dao (the Yongxing Island), the Zhaoshu Dao (the Zhaoshu Island), the Nanxun Jiao (the Gaven Reef), the Meiji Jiao (the Mischief Reef), the Zhubi Jiao (the Subi Reef), and the Yongshu Jiao (the Fiery Cross Reef) were used as case studies to explore the potential of sustainable development of SCSIRs. The results showed that all six SCSIRs had the potential for sustainable development, and the development focus of the SCSIRs was mainly on the three levels of society, resources, and strategy. The ranking of the sustainable development value of the six islands and reefs is Yongxing Dao > Yongshu Jiao > Meiji Jiao > Zhubi Jiao > Zhaoshu Dao > Nanxun Jiao, among which Yongxing Dao has the highest level of sustainable development (64.19) and a clear advantage in terms of social development and geographical location, while Nanxun Jiaohas the lowest level of sustainable development (38.84) due to harsh weather conditions and fragile ecological environment, leading to difficult circumstances when building and living on the reef. Based on the evaluation results and the actual situation, this study comprehensively analyzes the strengths and weaknesses in the development of SCSIRs and proposes the development of regional centers, comprehensive guarantees, characteristic industries, and national defense and rights safeguarding for the development of SCSIRs. Moreover, the study distinguishes the types of islands and reefs along four dimensions and provides social governance strategies and recommendations regarding resource utilization, infrastructure, and maritime cooperation. In these cases, this study can facilitate the formation of high-quality and high-efficiency application pilots for SCSIRs and promote their sustainable development. Thus, it furthers the construction of a modern system for the social governance of SCSIRs, advances the development of the blue economy in the SCS region, provides security for the construction of the Belt and Road Initiative and maritime cooperation, and makes China a strong promoter in the construction of a community of common destiny in the SCS.

The natural functional bacteria DDMZ1, which was domesticated and screened from the sludge samples of hydrolysis acidification reactor, was used as the immobilized composite carrier, and the immobilized DDMZ1 spheres were formed by embedding and crosslinking method. Through experiments, the decolorization efficiency of free DDMZ1 bacterial solution and immobilized DDMZ1 pellets on RB5 azo dyes was compared and analyzed. The community structure of free DDMZ1 bacterial solution and immobilized DDMZ1 pellets recycled for 20 and 30 batches were analyzed respectively to explore the differences of their community structure composition. The results show that the decolorization efficiency and rate of immobilized DDMZ1 pellets for RB5 azo dyes were better than that of free DDMZ1 bacterial solution, and there were significant differences in microbial community structure between them. The immobilization technology is conducive to the stability of community structure. The community structure composition of immobilized DDMZ1 pellets recycled for 20 and 30 times is highly similar. Escherichia-Shigella and Dysgonomonas are enriched in the two immobilized DDMZ1 pellets at the subordinate classification level. It is speculated that these two genera are the main reasons for the stability and high decolorization efficiency of immobilized DDMZ1 beads for RB5 azo dyes.

Objective To establish a mouse model of acute pseudomembranous stomatitis and to observe the effect of photoactivated disinfection (PAD) on the removal of Candida albicans in vivo, and initially explore the feasibility of this technology in the treatment of acute pseudomembranous stomatitis. Methods Six-week-old male ICR mice were selected and immunized with 1 × 107CFU/mL Candida albicans solution on the backs of the tongues of immunosuppressed mice. Thirty model mice with acute pseudomembranous stomatitis were successfully established and randomly divided into a control group and a photoactivated disinfection group, with 15 mice in each group. Mice in the photoactivated disinfection group were coated with 1 mg/mL toluidine blue solution on the back of the tongue, incubated for 1 min and irradiated with 750 mW LED red light for 1 min. Immediately after treatment, the tongue fungal load was measured in the photoactivated disinfection group and the control group. Tongue fungal load was measured again 48 h later, and tongue histopathological examination was performed in both groups. Results Forty-eight hours after PAD treatment, the white pseudomembrane on the back of the tongue in the photoactivated group was significantly less than the control group. The fungal load on the dorsum of the tongue in the treatment group was significantly lower than the control group immediately and 48 h after treatment for PAD, and the difference was statistically significant (P

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to provide basis for the revision of GB 4789.28—2013 and the quality control of culture media by screening the quality control strains of culture media for salmonella test.MethodsThe strains specified in GB 4789.28 and 9 salmonella strains（Salmonella newport， salmonclla Infantis， Salmonella choleraesuis， Salmonella blegdam， Salmonella kottbus， Salmonella arizona， Salmonella dublin， Salmonella agona， Salmonella. anatis） isolated from real food were used to test the growth rate and selectivity of 10 different brands of media including Rappaport Vassiliadis Salmonella Enrichment， Selenite Cystine Broth， Tetrathionate Broth Base enriched broth， Bismuth Sulfite Agar， Hektoen Enteric Agar， Xylose Lysine Desoxycholate Agar by quantitative and semi-quantitative methods. It was evaluated whether the quality control strain used in GB4789.28—2013 could meet the quality control of salmonella media.ResultsThe results showed that the growth rate and selectivity of different media brands were different when the same strain was used， and Salmonella choleraesuis and Salmonella arizonae had higher requirements on the quality of media.ConclusionIt is suggested that medium production enterprises and microbiology laboratories should use strains isolated from food with higher quality requirement in medium testing， and the quality control methods should be highly standardized to ensure the stability and reliability of test data.

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the application of gastrointestinal decompression device instead of Vacuum Sealing Drainage (VSD) in the home-based nursing of patients with pressure injury. Totally 30 patients with stage Ⅲ or above pressure injury who received treatment using the gastrointestinal decompression device instead of VSD were selected as the research objects. A home-based nursing plan was carried out to enhance the observation and maintenance of decompression device, drainage liquid and tube. The use of disposable gastrointestinal decompression device instead of VSD can be more convenient in the treatment of stage Ⅲ and above pressure injury. The use of disposable gastrointestinal decompression device is potentially effective to improve wound healing and reduce the nursing operation and economic burden of family members. (本文探讨胃肠减压器在压力性损伤患者居家护理中的应用效果。选取30例Ⅲ期及以上压力性损伤患者为研究对象, 均不具备负压封闭引流条件。医护人员使用一次性胃肠减压器代替负压封闭引流, 在居家换药护理过程中加强封闭持续负压装置、引流液和管路的观察护理。一次性胃肠减压器代替负压封闭引流技术引流治疗Ⅲ期及以上压力性损伤有效, 能够促进伤口愈合, 减轻家属的护理操作及经济负担。)

The minimum measured wind speed of the existing anemometer can not meet the requirements of precise wind measurement under the condition of low wind speed in mines. In order to solve this problem, based on the principle of ultrasonic time difference method wind speed measurement, a high-precision mine ultrasonic anemometer with low starting wind speed is designed. Two ultrasonic transmitting probes and two ultrasonic receiving probes are arranged alternately to form two ultrasonic propagation paths. The downwind and upwind propagation times of ultrasonic waves in a specific wind speed field are measured respectively, and the average wind speed between the transmitting probes and the receiving probes is solved by using the superposition effect of the propagation speed of ultrasonic waves in the air and the wind speed (the effect of temperature on the wind speed measurement can be ignored). In order to analyze the effect of ultrasonic probe direction on the accuracy and reliability of measurement, four different probe arrangement modes are used to carry out the experiment. The results show that the more serious the ultrasonic probe direction dislocation is, the larger the standard deviation and fluctuation range of wind speed. Therefore, the infrared orientation device is used to calibrate the installation position of the anemometer to reduce the measurement error caused by the ultrasonic probe direction dislocation. The moving average method is used to smooth the original wind speed waveform curve to eliminate random noise and improve the stability of output wind speed. By analyzing the factors affecting measurement precision, it is determined that the ultrasonic emission frequency is 40 kHz and the standby time is 100 ms. The theoretical calculation and experimental results show that the resolution of the anemometer is 0.01 m/s, the measurement error is ±0.1 m/s, and the starting wind speed is lower than 0.1 m/s, which can meet the precise wind measurement requirements of the mine roadway with low wind speed.

ObjectiveTo prepare and evaluate Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli（ETEC） reference.MethodsThe standard strain CMCC（B）43208 was identified by biochemical reaction， matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry （MALDI-TOF MS） and gene sequencing. 600 ETEC reference samples with 103 CFU/sample were prepared by freeze-drying. 20 samples were selected randomly for uniformity test， and samples were tested transportation stability by simulating 25 and 37 ℃， and storage stability by stroing samples at -20 and 4 ℃. Three laboratories were organized for collaborative calibration. 20 kinds food were chosen as the substrates to evaluate the applicability. The strain CMCC（B）43208 was identified as Escherichia coli by all of biochemical reaction， MALDI-TOF MS and 16 s RNA gene sequencing， and was identified as ETEC by lt，stp and sth gene. The uniformity result was F=1.48

Tea is popular at home and abroad for its unique flavor and bioactive substances that are beneficial to human health. However， as a special economic crop with a long production chain， the background of microorganisms involved in the production process of tea is still unclear， and potentially harmful microorganisms and mycotoxins are present in tea. Nowadays， the investigation shows that the risk of mycotoxin exposure caused by tea drinking is very low， but the monitoring of fungi and mycotoxin contamination in tea and the source of related harmful secondary metabolites need to be solved urgently. In this paper， the research on the contamination situation， prevention and control of fungi and mycotoxin in tea is reviewed. The potential contamination risk of mycotoxin in tea is analyzed and discussed in order to provide reference for the assessment and control of mycotoxin contamination in tea and promote the establishment of good tea quality management and hygiene control systems.

ObjectiveTo prepare proficiency testing samples of Cronobacter spp. and apply to laboratory test in 2018-2020.MethodsThe background bacteria and Cronobacter spp. were identified by biochemical reaction and MALDI-TOF MS. Cronobacter spp. negative samples (background bacteria only) and positive samples (background bacteria and Cronobacter spp.) were prepared by freeze-drying. 20 samples were selected randomly for uniformity test. The samples were stored respectively at -20 ℃ and 4 ℃ to evaluate the storage stability, at 25 ℃ and 37 ℃ for 7 d to evaluate the transport stability. Samples were distributed to laboratories participating in the proficiency with operation instruction, and the feedback result from laboratories were analyzed.ResultsThe identified result of all the related strains were correct. Both of positive samples and negative samples were uniform and stable. The satisfaction rates of assessment result were 97.1%, 94.7% and 100% respectively in 2018-2020.ConclusionThe samples could meet the requirements of proficiency test. By organization proficiency test, the difference of laboratories can be reflected which is helpful to further improve the laboratory test capability.

ObjectiveTo satisfy the demands of laboratory quality control and proficiency testing for the detection of enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC), a stable EIEC reference material was developed with independent intellectual property rights, good stability and clear background genomic information.MethodsNGS Technique was used to sequence the whole genome of enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (CMCC 44840), bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify the species, serotype, MLST type and virulence genes; EIEC lyophilized samples with 103 CFU were prepared by freeze-drying method ; The homogeneity test was performed according to CNAS-GL017, and the result were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA; The samples were stored at -20, 4, 25 and 37 ℃, respectively, and their storage stability and transport stability were evaluated; Five kinds of food matrix samples were used to verify the applicability of reference materials, and three laboratories were organized for collaborative calibration.ResultsThe genome size of CMCC 44840 was 4.96 Mb, the GC content was 50.7%, and the genome contained 5424 coding genes. This strain was identified as the species of Escherichia coli, and the serotype and the MLST type were predicted to be O28ac: H7 and ST311, respectively, and it carried ipaH, virB, virF and other virulence genes. The homogeneity test result of the EIEC lyophilized sample was F=1.79, which met the homogeneity requirements of reference materials. The EIEC samples were still 103 CFU when storing at -20 ℃ and 4 ℃ for 60 d and storing at 25 ℃ and 4 ℃ for 7 d, and decreased on the third day at 37 ℃. EIEC were detected in 20 different food matrix samples with EIEC lyophilized samples after enrichment. The samples were 103 CFU determined by three collaborative calibration laboratories, and there were no significant differences among these laboratories (F=0.59).ConclusionThe EIEC reference material prepared in this study has clear genome sequence information. The homogeneity and stability meet the requirements and have good applicability, which can meet the requirements of quality control and capability verification in food testing laboratory.

ObjectiveCombined the traditional isolation culture, ITS sequencing and metagenomics sequencing technology to establish a new method for the analysis of fungal community composition and species diversity in Pu'er tea at retail markets.MethodsPu'er tea samples were collected at retail markets and tested for cultivable fungi in accordance with "National food safety standard Food microbiological examination: Counting of Molds and Yeasts" (GB 4789.15—2016), and the isolated strains were sequenced by ITS and analyzed in the NCBI database; the fungal genomic DNA from Pu'er tea samples was extracted by CTAB method, and performed PCR amplification and amplicon sequencing; high-throughput sequencing data was used to build OTUs clustering, and carried out species composition and diversity analysis.ResultsTwelve fungi were isolated and cultured from Pu'er tea samples, mainly Aspergillus and Lichtheimia, of which Aspergillus niger had the highest proportion (25%, 3/12). The result of species distribution based on metagenomics showed that the diversity and uniformity of fungal species in Pu'er tea samples were low, and there were relatively high number of dominant species; the highest proportion of fungi was Ascomycota (74.03%), and at the genus level, the fungi in Pu'er tea were dominated by Blastobotrys (49.43%) while Aspergillus accounted for a relatively low percentage (14.04%).ConclusionThis study comprehensively applied traditional isolation culture, molecular biology and high-throughput metagenomics sequencing technology to establish a new method for the analysis of fungal community composition and species diversity in Pu'er tea at retail markets. It provided ideas and references for further research on the microbial community structure in Pu'er tea and its impacts on quality and safety.

ObjectiveTo prepare Cronobacter spp. (Enterobacter sakazakii) proficiency test samples which meet the requirements of uniformity and stability, and use them for proficiency test.MethodsThe background strains and Cronobacter. spp were identified by biochemical and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry method. Freeze-drying was used to prepare the samples with 104CFU/bottle. According to Guidance on Evaluating the Homogeneity and Stability of Samples Used for Proficiency Testing, 20 samples were selected randomly for uniformity test. The samples were stored at -20 and 4 ℃ respectively to evaluate the storage stability, and at 25 and 37 ℃ to evaluate the transport stability. According to GB 4789.40—2016, samples were distributed to participating laboratories with operation instruction, and then the feedback result were analyzed.ResultsThe identified result of all the related strains were correct and consistent with expectations. The result of uniformity and stability tests met relevant requirements. All of the experiment result submitted by 25 laboratories within the required time were correct, and the satisfaction rate was 100%.ConclusionThe samples of Cronobacter spp. Enterobacter sakazakii in milk powder proficiency test can meet the relevant requirements, and this proficiency test provides external quality control assessment result for the participating labratories simultaneously.

Arctic sea ice is a key factor in high–latitude air–sea–ocean interactions. In recent decades, its extent has been decreasing in all seasons with large interannual variability, especially for the Northwind Ridge. After removing the trend in the changes during July 1979 to 2020, 2019 had an abnormally low value, while the following year, 2020, had an abnormally high value. The underlying processes driving this variability in July near the southern Northwind Ridge, which is one of the areas with the most drastic changes in Arctic, are not well understood. There, we demonstrated that the shortwave radiation anomaly in July is the direct reason for the sea ice anomaly in July 2019 and July 2020. Importantly, the total energy surplus in the spring of 2019 (enough to melt ∼18 cm of sea ice) and 2020 (potentially melting ∼11 cm of sea ice) indirectly influenced the sea ice. The abnormal change in moisture and its convergence mainly caused by atmospheric circulation were the main reasons for the longwave radiation and latent flux anomalies. Cloud water mainly affected shortwave radiation, including the positive net shortwave radiation anomaly in May 2019.

The existing mine wind speed sensor arrangement methods have problems as follows. The determined sensor branch cannot measure the wind speed accurately because the wind speed is smaller than the sensor start wind speed. Most of the methods need to be listed multiple matrices and the calculation is complicated. Moreover, the sensor positions selected by some methods are unreasonable. In order to achieve mine full coverage air volume monitoring without blind area, and to monitor the air volume variation in all roadways with the minimum number of wind speed sensors, the coverage of sensor branches is analyzed by using the directed path matrix, and the optimal arrangement of wind speed sensors based on the directed path matrix method is proposed. This method determines the unique directed path matrix based on the wind flow direction of the ventilation network diagram, determines the coverage of the branches, and selects the branch with the largest coverage to determine the position of the wind speed sensor. The results show that the optimal arrangement of wind speed sensors based on directed path matrix method can achieve mine full coverage air volume monitoring without blind area, and the number of sensors is less than or equal to the number of independent directed paths. Calculation analysis shows that when sensors are arranged according to this method, there is a measurement error of 6% in one sensor branch, the lowest impact on the ventilation network is 0.52, and the lowest impact on other branches is 0. Moreover, the calculation error decreases as the number of sensors increases. If the impact of sensor branch error on the ventilation network is controlled to be less than 1, more than 12 wind speed sensors should be arranged.

ObjectiveTo understand the characteristics of high-risk inmates’ impulsivity and to explore the influencing factors of impulsivity， so as to provide a theoretical basis for identifying the high-risk factors and making effective intervention.MethodsA total of 588 male inmates in Nanjing were selected as the research subjects. They were divided into four groups according to their violent crime reasons， high impulsiveness， borderline personality and antisocial personality. The detailed criminal records of inmates， general demographic data questionnaire， self-made substance use questionnaire， Barratt Impulsiveness Scale （BIS-11） and Childhood Trauma Questionaire-Short Form （CTQ-SF） were used to investigate， and multiple stepwise regression analysis was conducted to analysis the influencing factors of impulsivity of high-risk inmates.Results① There were statistically significant differences in age， marital status and drug use history among the four groups （F=4.890、13.945、26.137， P

Cerebral hemodynamic damage is an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of arteriolosclerotic cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). The hemodynamic damage of cerebral small vessel disease includes the changes of blood pressure variability (BPV), vascular pulsatility, cerebral blood flow (CBF) and so on. Impaired cerebral hemodynamics may promote the progression of the disease by aggravating the damage of endothelial dysfunction and the disruption of blood⁃brain barrier (BBB). This paper reviews progress of impaired cerebral hemodynamics in arteriolosclerotic cerebral small vessel disease.

Currently, available collaborative filtering (CF) algorithms often utilize user behavior data to generate recommendations. The similarity calculation between users is mostly based on the scores, without considering the explicit attributes of the users with profiles, as these are difficult to generate, or their preferences over time evolve. This paper proposes a collaborative filtering algorithm named hybrid dynamic collaborative filtering (HDCF), which is based on the topic model. Considering that the user’s evaluation of an item will change over time, we add a time-decay function to the subject model and give its variational inference model. In the collaborative filtering score, we generate a hybrid score for similarity calculation with the topic model. The experimental results show that this algorithm has better performance than currently available algorithms on the MovieLens dataset, Netflix dataset and la.fm dataset.

BackgroundThe current radiation dose calculation technology can only give 3D static dose results of upright human body, which cannot meet the needs of future accurate protection.PurposeThis study aims to achieve 4D dose calculation by establishing a complete method.MethodsFirstly, three algorithms, namely, the rotation matrix method, the volume graph Laplace operator method and the As-Rigid-As-Possible (ARAP) method, were employed to realize the deformation of mesh phantom. Then the phantom deformation guided by motion capture was investigated, and the tetrahedral cutting technology based on Delaunay algorithm was applied to the high speed Monte Carlo calculation. Finally, the 4D dose calculation application system was implemented and used for field test of nuclear power plant (NPP).ResultsThe comparison between the calculated and measured individual 4D dose values shows that the deviation of Hp(10) is less than 10%, and the deviations of Hp(3) and Hp(0.07) are less than 15% are verified.ConclusionsThe reliability and practicability of 4D radiation dose calculation of human body proposed in this study are verified by application results in specific radiation operation process in NPP, which is expected to achieve precise protection of personnel in the future scenarios such as NPP operation and maintenance, nuclear facility decommissioning and medical interventional treatment.

As the most effective treatment for end-stage renal diseases, renal transplantation can improve the quality of life of patients and prolong the survival time. However, during the prolonged survival time, malignancy has become one of the main causes of death of recipients, which vary geographically. Tumors in the digestive system and urothelial tumors have been highly reported in Asia. In general, the gynecological malignant tumors have been rarely reported, especially the endometrial carcinoma. Herein, a 63-year-old female renal transplant recipient diagnosed with endometrial carcinoma (15 years after transplantation) was reported. The patient had suffered irregular postmenopausal bleeding for a short time before hospitalization. She underwent abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, right pelvic lymphadenectomy, right para-aortic lymphadenectomy and omental excision. Postoperative pathology showed ovarian and pelvic lymph node metastasis and pathological stage IIIC. After six courses of chemotherapy with paclitaxel 270 mg + carboplatin 500 mg, the patient’s renal function was normal. During the third cycle of chemotherapy, the patient suffered a third-degree bone marrow suppression and returned to normal soon when treated with the recombinant human granulocyte stimulating factor. In conclusion, early screening of gynecologic tumors is important for female patients after renal transplantation, which has a positive significance for the prognosis improvement.

Geological CO2 sequestration (GCS) can help mitigate global warming and enhance methane recovery from coal beds. However, few studies have linked the effects of CO2 to surface chemistry changes controlling wetting behavior in deep coal beds. Contact angles (CAs) of CO2/N2-high volatile bituminous coal-water systems were measured under different temperatures and pressures. The surface chemistry and physical structure of coals were characterized to investigate changes in physicochemical properties and their relations with wettability after reactions. For N2 treatment, the time-dependence of static and dynamic CAs were insignificant, ranging within 4°. For gaseous CO2 treatment, the static CAs and the average advancing angles increased slightly. With supercritical (sc) CO2, both the static and dynamic CAs increased significantly, and θ adv changed to intermediate-wet (92°). Reactions with minerals exposed to scCO2 resulted in greater surface roughness and heterogeneity, greater contact angle hysteresis and more surface sites occupied by scCO2 rather than H2O. Increases in hydrophobic functional groups and decreases in hydrophilicity were shown by FTIR spectra, reflecting the shedding of polar oxygen-containing functional groups, reduction of hydrogen bonds, and increasing percentage of hydrocarbons. XRD patterns obtained following scCO2-treatment showed that crystallite growth and molecular polymerization were higher toward graphite-like. The calculated structural parameters of functional groups and crystallites both showed elevated coal rank. Changes in crystallite structure, notably higher carbon content and decreased negative surface charge, are unfavorable for water-wetting. This study contributes to understanding surface chemistry changes responsible for decreased wettability during CO2-enhanced coal bed methane recovery and GCS in coal reservoirs.

Background: Our recent studies demonstrated that both nintedanib, an FDA-approved quadruple kinase inhibitor, and gefitinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, protect against obstructive kidney disease. It remains unknown whether they have a synergistic effect. Methods: In this study, we investigated the effect of combined administration of nintedanib and gefitinib on renal fibrosis in a murine model of renal fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Results: Combined treatment with nintedanib and gefitinib after UUO resulted in a greater antifibrotic effect compared with their individual application. Mechanistically, administration of nintedanib blocked UUO-induced phosphorylation of multiple kinase receptors associated renal fibrosis, including platelet-derived growth factor receptors, fibroblast growth factor receptors, vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, and Src family kinase, while gefitinib inhibited EGFR phosphorylation. Their combination also exhibited a more pronounced effect in reducing expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2), increasing expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and suppressing renal proinflammatory cytokine expression and macrophage infiltration in the injured kidney. Furthermore, simultaneous administration of nintedanib and gefitinib was more potent in inhibiting UUO-induced renal phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), nuclear factor-κB, and Smad-3 compared with monotherapy. In cultured renal interstitial fibroblasts, cotreatment with these 2 inhibitors also had synergistic effects in abrogating transforming growth factor β1-induced activation of renal fibroblasts and phosphorylation of Akt, STAT3, and Smad3. Conclusions: Combined application of nintedanib and gefitinib has a synergistic antifibrotic effect in the kidney and may hold translational potential for the treatment of chronic kidney disease.

Objective To investigate the effect of HSP90 inhibitor on glycolysis and apoptosis in mouse hepatocarcinoma cells, and to explore its underlying mechanism. Methods Examine the level of lactate and ATP in mouse hepatoma cell line H22 treated with CORT, GR antagonist RU486 and HSP90 inhibitor 17-AAG; Evaluate the apoptosis level of H22 cells after CORT or various concentrations of 17-AAG treatment; H22 cells were treated with CORT, RU486 and 17-AAG respectively, and then the expression of GR and PI3K/Akt-related proteins was determined by Western blot. Results Compared with the control group, CORT promoted GR nuclear translocation, while inhibited after RU486 treatment. Compared with CORT treatment alone, CORT and 17-AAG co-treatment could weaken the promotion of GR nuclear translocation by CORT(P＜0.05); The level of lactate and ATP was increased significantly after CORT treatment (P＜0.05). After co-treatment with 17-AAG, this effect was inhibited (P＜0.05).And the level of lactate and ATP was decreased by 24% and 17% respectively; Compared with the control group, 17-AAG could significantly increase the total apoptosis rate of H22 cells in a dose-dependent manner(P＜0.05); Compared with the control group, the protein expression of pAkt increased after CORT treatment, while decreased significantly after co-treatment with 17-AAG (P＜0.05). Conclusions HSP90 inhibitor 17-AAG can inhibit GR nuclear translocation, thereby inhibit glycolysis and promote apoptosis of hepatocarcinoma cells, which is potentially regulated by PI3K/Akt pathway.

The research and development in liquid metal atomisation and forming technologies of high performance metallic materials with the emphases on gas atomised superalloy powders, spray formed superalloys, powder metallurgy TiAl alloys and spray formed high-speed steels at Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials are reviewed. The technology and equipment of argon atomisation and minus atmospheric pressure atomisation (i.e. atomisation in sub-atmospheric pressure atomising assembly) of superalloy powders were established. Major factors contributing to powder oxygen content, particle size and non-metallic inclusions have been identified. A variety of high-purity, fine-grained and high-quality spherical powders of superalloys were produced , which have been utilised in the research and production of hot section components, such as turbine disks in advanced aero-engines. Spray forming technologies of highly-alloyed materials were investigated and developed while taking the key technical issues for making sound performs into process consideration, such as formation and deposition of droplets, densification and shape control, and hot working of preforms. The relative densities of as-deposited performs of superalloys and high-speed steels could be higher than 99.0% after the optimisation of process parameters. Low cost and high performance spray formed superalloys and high-speed steels were developed. Spherical powders of TiAl alloys with high purity and low oxygen content were obtained using the argon atomization techniques, and high performance sheets were subsequently deformed.

Building damage assessment is important in disaster emergency monitoring. In recent years, with the increase of multi-polarization capability of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PolSAR) provides more possibilities for building damage assessment, and the polarization-characteristicbased building damage assessment method has gradually become the focus of research. However, because of the limitations of data acquisition in PolSAR, current research mainly focuses on the L, C, X, and other limited bands. To obtain an in depth understanding of the polarization characteristics of damaged buildings in SAR images and develop the application of the polarization characteristics of damaged buildings to other bands, this study conducted a simulation experiment of Ku band polarized SAR of buildings, and performed damage assessment feature analysis using the SAR image polarization decomposition method. In this study, a scale model of real materials was built and the “microwave characteristic measurement and simulation imaging scientific experiment platform” was used to conduct SAR simulation imaging of the target buildings. The Ku band polarized SAR images before and after building damage were obtained. Then, the polarization scattering characteristics of buildings before and after damage were analyzed using various common polarization decomposition methods such as H/A/αdecomposition, Yamaguchi decomposition and Touzi decomposition. Results show that the disoriented volume scattering component and the proportion of the disoriented secondary scattering component obtained by the Yamaguchi decomposition and the αs1 component obtained by the Touzi decomposition have good indicative significance for building damage assessment in the Ku band. Compared with the X band measurement results, the Ku band is more sensitive to building damage assessment, which has important implications for future radar remote sensing applications.

The research on hot deformation including flow behavior, microstructure evolution via EBSD method and the constitutive characteristic model of hot extruded GH738 alloy fabricated by spray forming was conducted by using Gleeble-3500TM simulator at the temperature range of 950~1150 ℃, strain rate range of 0.001~1 s–1 and engineering strain of 50%. The results show that the flow stress decreases with increasing of the deformation temperature and decreasing of the strain rate. The peak flow stress of coarse grain GH738 is higher than that of fine grain within the extruded GH738 alloy. The activation energy Q of extruded GH738 alloy is 651.08 kJ·mol–1. The hot deformation activation energy Q of GH738 alloy is tending to increasing with the decreasing of the original average grain size. The microstructure evolutes from original stretched grain to equiaxed grain with the increasing deformation temperature through the onset of recrystallization. The full dynamic recrystallization microstructure is obtained at the temperature above 1000 ℃ and the microstructure tend to coarsen with the higher deformation temperature.

The large-sized (?300 mm) nickel based superalloy GH738 billet was fabricated by spray forming followed by hot isostatic press (HIP) and hot extrusion (HEX) within varied deformation temperatures. The micro-defect, carbonitride distribution, γ/γ′ evolution during the hot processes were investigated by the relevant approaches including XRD, SEM, TEM, EBSD and phase analysis technique respectively. The results show that the porosities in γ matrix of spray deposited billet are welded up to closure after HIP process. The difference of characteristic microstructure after dynamic recrystallization obtained after the hot extrusion is mainly based on the varied deformation conditions including temperature and strain-stress state. The grain-boundary-distributed carbonitrides in HIPed billiet are transformed into extrusion-direction-along distribution after hot extrusion. The effects of temperature field delivered and cooling condition on elements constitution, mass fraction, morphology, size and distribution of γ′ in GH738 are validated during different hot processes as well.

An analytical approach was developed to investigate nucleation and growth of Ti-48Al (atom fraction/%) alloy droplets during their flight in an argon atomization process. Evolution of microstructure of the solidified powders was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD). Newton cooling model based on the initial number of nuclei, liquid/solid interface velocity, cooling rate and size of droplets was established. The results show that statistical nucleation events increase exponentially with the increase of powders size, and the growth of nuclei is transformed from a twinned spherical segment into a concentric liquid/solid interface geometry. Temperature of atomized droplets decreases rapidly with the cooling rate of 105-106K·s-1.Then temperature increases sharply to near the liquidus temperature during recalescence. When the recalescence is completed, the droplet solidifies at a relatively slower rate. Afterwards the cooling rate of the fully solid phase decreases to about 105K·s-1.