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A novel reference signal scheme, E DFT-s-OFDM DMRS was proposed for high-mobility scenarios in the Terahertz band. The proposed scheme involved segmenting the reference signal sequence with cyclic prefix and cyclic suffix into a head and tail reference signal sequence. These sequences were then embedded into the tail and head of each OFDM symbol, respectively. The scheme had the advantage of using a complete reference signal sequence formed by the tail of the preceding OFDM symbol and the head of the following OFDM symbol. This allowed the receiver to perform channel estimation in each OFDM symbol interval, improving the accuracy and real-time performance of channel estimation. Furthermore, adjacent OFDM symbols share identical head and tail reference signal sequences, eliminating the traditional cyclic prefix for each OFDM symbol and improving spectral efficiency. Simulation results demonstrate that this scheme provides more precise channel estimation and greater spectral efficiency than DMRS scheme with 5G NR DFT-s-OFDM waveform for high-mobility scenarios in the Terahertz band.

Objective To explore the influence of gender on the prognosis of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO). Methods All non-valvular AF patients who were admitted in our hospital and underwent LAAO from August 2014 to August 2021 were enrolled and grouped according to gender. Their general information, including gender, age, comorbid underlying diseases, and results of transthoracic echocardiography and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) were collected. The incidences of device-related thrombosis (DRT), pericardial tamponade, stroke, bleeding, hospitalization for heart failure, and cardiac death were recorded during follow-up. The influence of gender on the prognosis of these patients was analyzed. Results There were totally 673 patients with non-valvular AF were enrolled, including 366 males and 307 females, at a mean age of 68.2±9.4 years. When compared with the male patients, the female ones had a higher CHA2DS2-VASc score (P < 0.01), but smaller proportions of history of stroke, average compression ratio of occluders, and incidence of residual shunt (< 3 mm) after occlusion (P < 0.05). In 45~60 d after surgery, TEE revealed that there were 17 cases of DRT, including 8 males (2.2%) and 9 females (2.9%), though without statistical difference between the groups. Among the 17 DRT cases, 1 experienced stroke, and the incidence of stroke was 5.9% in those with DRT and 0.5% without. There were 4 cases of postoperative pericardial tamponade, including 1 in the male group and 3 in the female group (no significant difference), and all of them were improved after pericardial puncture and fluid extraction. During the follow-up period of 40.2±20.5 months, no obvious differences were observed between the 2 groups in terms of stroke, bleeding, hospitalization for heart failure, and cardiogenic death. Conclusion Gender shows no significant effect on the prognosis of patients with non-valvular AF after LAAO.

The frequency of lung infection induced by multi-drug resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa has significantly risen, primarily due to the inadequate effectiveness of powerful chemotherapeutic methods. This study demonstrates that the Ocimum basilicum aqueous extract and copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) exhibited significant antioxidant and anti-infectious properties under in vivo conditions. To analyze the characteristics of the CuNPs synthesized from the reaction between copper nitrate solution and the aqueous O. basilicum extract, various techniques such as energy dispersive X-ray analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and transmission electron microscopy were employed. The in vivo study encompasses the assessment of P. aeruginosa lethal dose in mice and the disease manifestation analysis, which comprises reduction in body weight, hypothermia, bacteremia, and other parameters, over a 48 h infection period. The infected mice exhibited a notable decrease in body temperature, measuring at 25°C after 48 h, compared to the initial temperature of 39°C. Additionally, a 30% reduction in weight was seen at the conclusion of the study. To assess the effectiveness of CuNPs on lung infection caused by the calculated lethal dose and bacteremia, histopathology analysis was employed. The bacterial load in the CuNPs group was determined to be 0.5 Log10CFU/mL on Day 8, indicating a notable decrease from the initial measurement of 1.5 Log10CFU/mL on Day 1. The histopathological findings revealed a widespread and sporadic buildup of alveolar space inflammatory cells, with infiltrates observed throughout all lung sections in infected mice. Enhanced lung histology was observed in the group of animal treated with reduced exudates noted at 200 µg/kg. CuNPs demonstrated inhibitory effects on the growth of P. aeruginosa at 8 µg/mL, while at 16 µg/mL, they effectively eradicated P. aeruginosa. The research unequivocally demonstrates the efficacy of CuNPs extract in combating lung infections induced by P. aeruginosa at 200 µg/kg. The recent survey aims to further explore the biomedical characteristics of these CuNPs in order to develop a powerful treatment against this dangerous pathogen.

ObjectiveTo apply high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （HPLC-ICP/MS） to the analysis of five forms of selenium ［Se（Ⅵ）， Se（Ⅳ）， SeCys， MeSeCys， and SeMet］ in livestock meat.MethodsThe selenium species were extracted using the ultrasonic-assisted enzyme method， with C18 reversed-phase column （250 mm×4.6 mm， 5 μm） as the analytical column， 10 mmol/L citric acid and 5 mmol/L sodium hexane sulfonate （pH=4.0， containing 1% methanol） as the mobile phase， and an injection volume of 20 μL.ResultsFour selenium forms were separated in 7 min， with correlation coefficients greater than 0.999， indicating good linearity. The detection limits of Se（Ⅵ）， SeCys， MeSeCys， and SeMet ranged from 0.000 3-0.002 mg/kg. The spiked recoveries of selenium-enriched pork at three concentrations （low， medium， and high） ranged from 80.0% to 103.3%， with a relative standard deviation of less than 6.8%. Certified Reference Material ERM® BC210 revealed values within the standard range.ConclusionThe developed method was suitable for determining Se（Ⅵ） SeCys， MeSeCys， and SeMet in livestock meat. The meat was found to mainly contain SeMet and small amounts of MeSeCys and SeCys.

Objective To translate and optimize the vascular quality of life questionnaire (VascuQOL) into Chinese, and to obtain a VascuQOL version which is adapted to Chinese culture and language. Methods VascuQOL was translated into Chinese through sequential translation, back translation, revision of the VascuQOL items, expert consultation, cultural adaptation and pre-investigation. Then 302 patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans in Department of Vascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were enrolled as the research objects, and the reliability and validity of the questionnaire were tested. Results The threshold ratio of each item of VascuQOL ranged from 3.086 to 17.605. The correlation coefficient between each item score and total score of the scale was in a range of 0.237 to 0.695 (P < 0.01). The content validity of each item ranged from 0.861 to 1.000, and the content validity of the total scale was 0.986. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) found 5 common factors with characteristic roots larger than 1, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 67.39%. The Chi-square value of Bartlett's spherical test was 3 289.061(P < 0.01). With Health Questionnaire EQ-5D-5L as the calibration criterion, the result of Pearson correlation analysis was 0.697. The Cronbach's α coefficient of internal consistency reliability was 0.871, and that of each dimension were 0.893, 0.859, 0.759, 0.569 and 0.727, respectively (P < 0.01). The test-retest reliability was 0.996. Conclusion Our Chinese revised VascuQOL has good reliability and validity and can be used to assess the quality of life of patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans in China.

AbstractThis viewpoint article explores the transformative role of large language models (LLMs) in the field of medical education, highlighting their potential to enhance teaching quality, promote personalized learning paths, strengthen clinical skills training, optimize teaching assessment processes, boost the efficiency of medical research, and support continuing medical education. However, the use of LLMs entails certain challenges, such as questions regarding the accuracy of information, the risk of overreliance on technology, a lack of emotional recognition capabilities, and concerns related to ethics, privacy, and data security. This article emphasizes that to maximize the potential of LLMs and overcome these challenges, educators must exhibit leadership in medical education, adjust their teaching strategies flexibly, cultivate students’ critical thinking, and emphasize the importance of practical experience, thus ensuring that students can use LLMs correctly and effectively. By adopting such a comprehensive and balanced approach, educators can train health care professionals who are proficient in the use of advanced technologies and who exhibit solid professional ethics and practical skills, thus laying a strong foundation for these professionals to overcome future challenges in the health care sector.

BACKGROUND Selenium is an essential trace element and a typical bifunctional element that can affect human health if consumed in insufficient or excessive amounts. The biological activity of selenium depends not only on its intake level but also on its chemical speciation. Selenium comes in various speciation and is divided mainly into inorganic and organic selenium. Inorganic selenium includes selenate [Se(Ⅵ)] and selenite [Se(Ⅳ)], and organic selenium mainly includes selenocysteine (SeCys2), selenomethionine (SeMet), and methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys). It has been found that organic selenium has high bioactivity and bioavailability. At present, while the nutritional effects of selenium are drawing more and more attention, it is very important to analyze and study the different speciation of selenium in food. Since the analysis of selenium speciation is closely related to the sample matrix, the extraction efficiency and stability of different selenium speciation are also related to many factors. At present, the analysis method of selenium speciation in food is still in the research stage. Broccoli is rich in nutrients, such as protein, flavonoids, polyphenols, and vitamins, and is widely loved by people because it contains many kinds of thioglucosides and has a strong ability to gather selenium, which has antioxidant and anti-cancer medical values. Therefore, the analysis and study of selenium speciation in broccoli is of some significance. OBJECTIVES To establish a method for the determination of Se(Ⅵ), Se(Ⅳ), SeCys2, MeSeCys, and SeMet in commercial broccoli by high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS). METHODS Firstly, the chromatographic conditions were selected by examining the separation and sensitivity of Se(Ⅵ), Se(Ⅳ), SeCys2, MeSeCys, and SeMet on a Hamilton PRP-X100 anion column with 40mmol/L diammonium hydrogen phosphate (pH=5 with 1% methanol) as the mobile phase and on a ZORBAX SB-Aq C18 reversed-phase column with 10mmol/L citric acid plus 5mmol/L sodium hexane-sulphonate (pH=4 with 1% methanol) as the mobile phase. Secondly, the sample pretreatment conditions were optimized, including the selection of extraction reagents, the amount of extraction reagents, and extraction time. Four extraction reagents (ultrapure water, Tris-HCl buffer solution, proteinase XIV and complex proteinase) were selected for optimization. The effect of proteinase XIV concentration on the extraction was investigated by adding 2, 4, 6, and 8mg/mL proteinase XIV to broccoli samples with selenium content of 0.81mg/kg (calculated as Se). The effect of adding 6mL, 10mL, 12mL, and 15mL of Tris-HCl buffer solution on the extraction was compared. The extraction time of the samples also had a great influence on the extraction efficiency of the selenium speciation. The effects of four extraction times of 1h, 3h, 5h and 7h on the extraction were compared. RESULTS The ZORBAX SB-Aq C18 separation system was used in this study because of the short analysis time and high sensitivity of each selenium speciation. Protease XIV was the most effective extraction reagent for selenium; therefore proteinase XIV was chosen as the extraction reagent. The concentration of selenium speciation increased with the concentration of proteinase XIV. The maximum concentration of selenium speciation was reached when the concentration of proteinase XIV was 6mg/mL. It was reported that the use of Tris-HCl buffer solution with proteinase XIV at appropriate pH conditions could further improve the extraction efficiency and maintain the stability of selenium speciation. The volume of Tris-HCl buffer increased, the extraction efficiency of each selenium speciation gradually increased and then decreased, and the final selection of Tris-HCl buffer solution addition was 12mL. A longer extraction time would help to increase the extraction effect, but too long an enzymatic digestion time would also cause a decrease in the stability of SeMet and SeCys2. To ensure high extraction efficiency and reduce the conversion of selenium speciation, an extraction time of 3h was preferred. After optimization and selection, the final analysis method was determined as follows: weighing a certain amount of broccoli sample into 12mL of Tris-HCl (pH=7.4, containing 6mg/mL proteinase XIV) at a concentration of 100mmol/L, vortexing and mixing, and then sonicating at 37℃ for 3h. After centrifugation, the extraction were eluted with 10mmol/L citric acid and 5mmol/L sodium hexane sulfonate (pH=4 with 1% methanol) on ZORBAX SB-Aq C18 reversed-phase column. ICP/MS was used for analysis and determination.This method can achieve effective separation and determination of five selenium speciation within 8 minutes. The linearity range of the method was 0.3-100.0μg/L, with linear correlation coefficients (r) greater than 0.999. The detection limits of Se(Ⅳ), Se(Ⅵ), MeSeCys, and SeMet were within the range of 1.2-6.0μg/kg (calculated as Se). The standard recovery tests were carried out on broccoli samples at low, medium, and high concentration. The recoveries of these four selenium speciation, Se(Ⅵ), Se(Ⅳ), MeSeCys and SeMet, were 81.9%-105.3% with relative standard deviations (RSD) less than 5%. The method established in this study was used to determine SeMet in the EU-certified reference material (ERM BC210a, wheat flour), and the measured value of SeMet was within the range of its standard values.More than 20 commercially available broccoli samples collected from different regions of China were analyzed and determined. The results showed that the selenium speciation in commercially available broccoli was mainly MeSeCys, with small amounts of Se(Ⅵ), Se(Ⅳ), and SeMet, and also a small amount of unknown selenium-containing compounds was also present.Two problems identified in the methodological study were explored. (1) The effect of proteinase XIV dosage on the stability of SeCys2 was investigated by adding 1, 2, 4, and 6mg/mL of proteinase XIV to SeCys2 standard solution, respectively. The results showed that as the concentration of proteinase XIV increased, the signal value of SeCys2 gradually decreased and the signal value of three unknown peaks gradually increased. At the same time, the recovery of SeCys2 in broccoli samples decreased to 10%. Based on the above conditions, it is assumed that the content of proteinase XIV and the matrix of broccoli samples affect the stability of SeCys2.(2) Three different broccoli samples were selected for Se(Ⅳ) standard recovery tests: fresh commercially available broccoli samples, freeze-dried powder of commercially available broccoli, and freeze-dried powder of broccoli fortified with Se(Ⅳ) selenium fertilizer. A certain amount of the above three samples was added with Se(Ⅳ) standard solution and 100mmol/L Tris-HCl (pH=7.4, containing 6mg/mL of proteinase XIV). The determination was then carried out according to the proposed analytical method and the mean recoveries of the three samples were found to be 81.1%, 69.5% and 1.53%, respectively. The Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test showed that the recoveries of Se(Ⅳ) were significantly different among the three samples (p < 0.05). Previous investigations have found that phenolic substances can affect the stability of Se(Ⅳ) and that the addition of selenium fertilizer during the growth of broccoli can change the phenolics. Based on the above, it is assumed that the presence of phenolics in broccoli samples may affect the determination of Se(IV). CONCLUSIONS A method for the determination of Se(Ⅳ), Se(Ⅵ), MeSeCys, and SeMet in commercially available broccoli by HPLC-ICP-MS is established by selecting and optimizing the sample pretreatment and analytical conditions. The Tris-HCl buffer solution containing proteinase XIV is chosen for the extraction of samples.It is found that the stability of SeCys2 is affected by the concentration of proteinase XIV and broccoli samples matrix. It is hypothesized that the presence of large amounts of phenolics in the samples can affect the determination of Se(Ⅳ) for reasons to be further explored.

In order to study the fatigue crack propagation of the fuselage skin under uniform pressurized cyclic load, experiments were carried out with the self-made aircraft fuselage skin uniform pressurized fatigue device. Firstly, the stress intensity factor was calculated by the extended finite element method. Then, the deflection angle of the crack was calculated based on the maximum circumferential stress criterion and the strain energy density factor criterion, and the fatigue crack propagation path of the fuselage skin was predicted. Finally, the fatigue fracture was analyzed under scanning electron microscope. The results show that the crack propagation paths predicted by the two criteria are basically consistent with the crack propagation path obtained by experiment.The surface cracks of the fuselage skin are mixed mode cracks. With the increase of the crack length, KⅠ first increases and then decreases, KⅡ first decreases rapidly to around 0, then oscillates around 0, and finally increases rapidly when the lower hole is about to penetrate. Observing the fatigue fracture shows that the fatigue cracks are initiated by multiple fatigue sources. The crack propagation zone has typical quasi-cleavage fracture characteristics, and the fatigue crack growth rate first increases and then decreases with the increase of crack length. The instantaneous fracture zone is a typical dimple feature with different sizes.

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between obesity phenotype and the occurrence of hypertension in middle-aged and elderly adults in China.MethodsData were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study （CHARLS） in 2011 and 2015. Participants who completed two visits with ≥45 years old age at baseline were enrolled. Obesity phenotype was defined as the following four groups according to weight and metabolic status：metabolically healthy non-overweight/obesity （MHNO）， metabolically healthy overweight/obesity （MHO）， metabolically abnormal non-overweight/obesity （MANO）， and metabolically abnormal overweight/obesity （MAO）. Cox proportional risk regression model was used to analyze the relationship between obesity phenotype and the incidence of hypertension.ResultsA total of3 781 subjects with 1 775（46.95%） males and mean age of （57.76±8.57） years were included in this study. When the metabolically normal non-overweight/obese group （MHNO） was regarded as the reference group， the risk of developing hypertension was significantly increased（P

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a highly promising modality against cancer, but its efficacy is severely limited by the low oxygen content in solid tumors. In this study, a smart photosensitive NiPS3 nanosheet was developed to solve the problem of low oxygen to allow PDT to be performed against tumors. The photosensitized ROS generation mechanism of NiPS3 is the photon-generated electron-hole pathway, which can generate O2 ·− and ·OH at the conduction band and valance band, respectively. More crucial is that ·OH generation doesn’t need O2, and the O2 ·− can also work in a low O2 environment, and depleting oxygen in tumor cells. Modified with triphenylphosphine (TPP) and based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental data, the NiPS3@TPP nano-system underwent targeted action toward mitochondria. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NiPS3@TPP altered mitochondrial membrane permeability, which not only prolonged the PDT effect but also resulted in mitochondria apoptosis pathways inducing an apoptosis cascade. In vivo experiments demonstrated the targeting capability with low toxicity of the NiPS3@TPP nano-system. Tumor targeting at the tested dose indicated that it represented a promising biocompatible photosensitizer for in vivo biomedical applications.

Gas production from gas wells is affected by formation pressure and wellbore outflow during gas production. To increase the daily gas production and obtain smooth and efficient gas production gas wells, methods such as wellbore shut-in pressure recovery and foam injection and drainage for gas production are usually adopted. In this paper, the gas-carrying liquid model, capacity prediction model, and pressure recovery model are utilized to establish a full-cycle production prediction method for newly developed gas wells. Combining the initial development pressure, gas production, and water production parameters of the gas well, the gas production prediction is obtained for the next few years. Meanwhile, the implementation time of the forced drainage method is calculated and obtained.

Image deblurring has been a research hotspot in computer vision and image processing for a long time. The motion blur or focus blur image caused by camera jitter, object motion or defocus will seriously affect the use and follow-up processing of the image. The traditional blind deblurring methods make use of different causes of image motion blur, dividing motion blur into global motion blur and local motion blur. This paper summarizes the methods and research status of image blind deblurring in recent years. Then, on the basis of deep learning image deblurring methods, the image deblurring methods and research status are summarized. At the same time, the traditional blind deblurring methods and deep learning blind deblurring methods are classified and summarized, and the three forms of datasets needed before image deblurring and the quality evaluation criteria after image deblurring are summarized. Then, some of the traditional deblurring and deep learning deblurring methods are quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed and compared on the public deblurring dataset. Finally, the problems faced by the current image deblurring methods are analyzed, the research trend of image deblurring methods is prospected, and the main problems existing in single image blind deblurring are analyzed. The available solutions or ideas are explained one by one, which provides a theoretical basis for the follow-up research.

Drug resistance contributes to treatment failure and relapse in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). G1P3 (also known as IFI6, interferon, alpha-inducible protein 6) has been regarded as an antiapoptotic protein in myeloma cells and contributes to chemoresistance in breast cancer. However, the role of G1P3 in the proliferation and chemosensitivity of ALL is largely unknown. Data from colony formation and bromo-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assays showed that siRNA-mediated downregulation of G1P3 repressed cell proliferation of glucocorticoids-resistant human leukemic cells (CEM-C1), while overexpression of G1P3 promoted the cell proliferation. Cell apoptosis of CEM-C1 was suppressed by G1P3 overexpression accompanied by a decrease in cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9. Knockdown of G1P3 increased protein expression of cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9 to promote the cell apoptosis of CEM-C1. Moreover, silencing of G1P3 reduced cell viability and promoted cell apoptosis of CEM-C1 exposed to dexamethasone. The proapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 interacting mediator of cell death (Bim) was enhanced by the interference of G1P3 in CEM-C1. Silencing of Bim attenuated G1P3 interference-induced decrease in cell viability and increase in cell apoptosis in CEM-C1 exposed to dexamethasone. Conclusively, knockdown of G1P3 inhibited cell proliferation of ALL and sensitized glucocorticoid-resistant ALL cells to dexamethasone through upregulation of Bim-mediated cell apoptosis.

Phased array radar is faster in scanning speed than mechanical scanning radar, but due to the influence of antenna structure and attenuation, phased array radar will produce larger system error and random error. The mainstream fuzzy logic hydrometeor classification method has little difference in the weight coefficients of each parameter, and the calculated composite values are often close, so the hydrometeor classification results are easily affected by data errors. The detection data of the X-band dual polarization phased array radar at Qiuyutan, Shenzhen, from March to September in 2020 are compared with the S-band dual polarization radar at the same location. The points close to the elevation, azimuth and radial distance of the two radars are obtained to establish matching datasets to calculate the errors of X-band dual-polarization phased array radar. Quantitative analysis of the causes for the introduction of errors through certain restriction conditions reveals that the calibration error and random error of the reflectance factor ZH and the differential reflectance ZDR are relatively large. The error range of ZH is -0.5-4.5 dB, and the error of ZDR is -0.7-0.2 dB. After the preliminary correction of calibration error and random error, it is found that there are still some errors in data, which make the hydrometeor classification result of fuzzy logic method unreliable, so the decision tree hydrometeor classification method with the basic structure of binary tree is established according to the characteristic range of radar parameters of different hydrometeors and the height of the melting layer. In order to verify the practical application effects of the above methods, the error sensitivity of hydrometeor classification results and the rationality of hydrometeor spatial distribution are evaluated respectively. Typical examples are selected to further evaluate the rationality of the decision tree hydrometeor classification method by comparing the parameters and hydrometeor classification results of X-band dual polarization phased array radar and S-band dual polarization radar. The evaluation results show that the stability of the decision tree hydrometeor classification method is higher than that of the fuzzy logic method, and the hydrometeor distribution in the convective cloud is more reasonable, which can give full play to the advantage of X-band dual polarization phased array radar in studying the phase evolution of particles in the cloud.

In real scenes, due to the imperfections of equipment and systems or the existence of low-light environments, the collected images are noisy. The images will also be affected by additional noise during the compression and transmission process, which will interfere with subsequent image segmentation and feature extraction processes. Traditional denoising methods use the non-local self-similarity (NLSS) characteristics of the image and the sparse representation in the transform domain, and the method based on block-matching and three-dimensional filtering (BM3D) shows a powerful image denoising performance. With the development of artificial intelligence, image denoising methods based on deep learning have achieved outstanding performance. But so far, there is almost no relevant research on the comprehensive comparison of image denoising methods. Aiming at the traditional image denoising methods and the image denoising methods based on deep neural networks that have emerged in recent years, this paper first introduces the basic framework of the classic traditional denoising and deep neural network denoising methods and classifies and summarizes the denoising methods. Then the existing denoising methods are analyzed and compared quantitatively and qualitatively on the public denoising data set. Finally, this paper points out some potential challenges and future research directions in the field of image denoising.

Personalized therapeutic vaccines against immune desert tumors are an increasingly important field in current cancer immunotherapy. However, limitations in neoantigen recognition, impotent immune cells, and a lack of intratumoral infiltrated lymphocytes pose challenges for the cancer vaccines. Resected tumors contain various of patient-specific tumor autoantigens (TA), and its derived photonanovaccines have unique competency to overcome abovementioned barriers. We constructed a novel personalized photonanovaccine (B@TA-R848) with surgically sourced TA modified on two-dimensional boron nanosheets (BNSs) via polydopamine coating and loaded with immune adjuvant R848. B@TA-R848 has good properties of drug delivery and release, photoacoustic imaging, photothermal effect, and biocompatibility. In a mouse triple-negative breast cancer model, B@TA-R848-based photonanovaccine induced effective systemic antitumor immune responses, altered the local tumor microenvironment, and increased the intratumoral infiltration of immune cells. The combined photo immunotherapy could significantly inhibit tumor growth, recurrence, and metastasis. This work develops a novel photonanovaccine for low immunogenicity and high metastatic potential tumors, which is of great significance for exploring the clinical development of personalized tumor vaccines against immune desert tumors.

The advantages of X-band polarimetric weather radar focus on its high spatio-temporal resolution and capability of multi-radar networking. However, the previously designed hydrometeor classification algorithm (HCA) for S-band weather radar is unsuitable for X-band weather radar due to the difference of backscattering characteristics and heavy precipitation attenuation. Therefore, the key technologies of hydrometeor classification algorithm and multi-radar mosaic algorithm for X-band polarimetric weather radar are proposed. First, it is found that the melting layer detection algorithm designed for S-band polarimetric weather radar is not suitable for X-band weather radar through analysis on the data collected by Beijing X-band radar network. A melting layer detection method based on quasi-vertical profile is proposed, which greatly improves the accuracy of obtaining the melting information. Second, a confidence threshold adjustment method is proposed to accurately estimate the data quality in the case of precipitation and clutter superposition. Third, an optimization method of membership functions based on data statistics is proposed to reconstruct the classification parameters suitable for Beijing X-band radar network. Finally, a multi-radar mosaic method based on rainfall attenuation is proposed, in which the reflectivity factors of networking radars are weighted and averaged by the data quality factor. Compared with the traditional method, it is found that the structural inhomogeneity of X-band radar mosaic result is effectively reduced. Those modifications effectively enhance the reliability of classification mosaic results of X-band weather radar network and provide technical support for the rapid deployment of X-band radar in China. Three typical precipitation cases in Beijing during the flood season in 2016 are used to compare the observational efficiency between X-band weather radar network and S-band operational radar. For the cases of convective rainfall, fine echo structures and reasonable hydrometeor distributions are found in X-band radar mosaic results. Especially for convective rainfall with short duration and small spatial scale, the advantage of X-band radar is more obvious, which alleviates the limited detection ability of S-band operational radar in urban areas. In addition, the hail falling area identified by X-band radar can be verified by manual observation in national weather stations. The performance of X-band weather radar network in large-scale stratiform precipitation, however, is not as good as S-band weather radar.

Most of recent hydrometeor classification schemes for dual-polarimtric radar are based on fuzzy logic. Due to the lack of true value of hydrometeors, it is difficult to verify whether classifications are right or not. Therefore, three methods are proposed, cumulative value test, algorithm sensitivity test and hydrometeors' distribution test. Cumulative value test is used to inspect the ability of classifying and distinguishing. When input data contains system deviation and noise, the output classification would also contain system deviation and noise. Hence, a method is proposed to test the sensitivity of system deviation and noise. Hydrometeor distribution test is to analyze whether the hydrometeor distribution is temporal and spatial continuous. Through these tests the reliability and stability of the algorithm are analyzed, and key factors which affect the classification can be found out. Using observations of precipitation processes in Guangzhou in spring and summer from 2016 to 2017, the efficiency of S-band dual-polarization doppler radar is examined. Main results show that the classifying hydrometeor relies on the membership function. Using cumulative value test, some hydrometeors are found out with inappropriate membership function. These membership functions are not consistent with real characteristics of hydrometeors, which are ground clutter (including that due to anomalous propagation), biological scatters, dry aggregated snow, crystals of carious orientations, light and moderate rain, and a mixture of rain and hail. The way to modify these membership functions is based on hydrometeor statistic characteristics. Another insufficiency of membership function is to distinguish similar hydrometeors, such as crystals of various orientations with dry aggregated snow and heavy rain with mixture of rain and hail. The method to modify membership function's distinguishing ability is increasing parametric weights which has stronger discriminating ability. To ensure every hydrometeor has more than 90% stable results, the error of Zh is between -0.5 dB and +0.5 dB, that of ZDR is between -0.1 dB and +0.1 dB, that of ρhv is less than 0.02, and that of KDP is between -0.3 dB and +0.9 dB. Moreover, data quality of Zh and ZDR is more important than other parameters, system deviation is more influencing than noise. After hydrometeor distribution test, it is found that heavy rain may be misclassified as mixture of rain and hail. The spatial consistency correction method is to check whether the distribution of rain and hail mixture in a certain space is continuous.

Two-dimensional black phosphorus (BP) has been demonstrated to be promising in photoelectronic devices, electrode materials, and biomedicine owing to its outstanding properties. However, the application of BP has been hindered by harsh preparation conditions, high costs, and easy degradation in ambient condition. Herein, we report a facile and cost-effective strategy for synthesis of orthorhombic phase BP and a kind of BP-reduced graphene oxide (BP/rGO) hybrids in which BP remains stable for more than 4 weeks ascribed to the formation of phosphorus-carbon covalent bonds between BP and rGO as well as the protection effect of the unique wrinkle morphology of rGO nanosheets. Surface modification BP/rGO hybrids (PEGylated BP/rGO) exhibit excellent photothermal performance with photothermal conversion efficiency as high as 57.79% at 808 nm. The BP/rGO hybrids exhibit enhanced antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo, showing promising perspectives in biomedicine.

The fatigue crack initiation of the fuselage structure skin under the uniform supercharged cyclic load of 0 ～ 7. 8 Psi was experimentally studied by the self-made aircraft fuselage skin uniform supercharged fatigue simulation device. The location of the fatigue crack initiation of the fuselage structure skin and the sequence of fatigue crack initiation are studied by finite element analysis. The research showed that under the uniform supercharged fatigue load,fatigue crack initiation occurred on the left and right sides of the nail holes. The fatigue crack initiation sequence is mainly related to the maximum Von-Mises stress value at the initiation site,but also related to the tightness of the connection between the skin and the stringer.

The effect of micro phase morphology of bismaleimide (BMI)/polyethersulfone (PES) multi-phase system on the thermal properties was studied by SEM, DMA and TGA. The SEM results suggest that the phase separation exists in the multi-phase BMI/PES resin. Phase inversion happens with the addition of PES up to 15 phr. SEM shows that the subtle micro structure with fine BMI-rich particulate phases is surrounded by continuous PES-rich phase. The glass transition temperature (Tg) belonging to BMI-rich phase of BMI/PES resin is higher than neat BMI resin. BMI/PES-5 resin system exhibits only one Tg and the temperature corresponding to the decrease of initial modulus increased. The high-temperature plastic behavior of BMI/PES resin system is enhanced with the increase of PES. The peak thermal decomposition temperature and char yield of BMI/PES resin are enhanced owing to the excellent interface interaction between BMI and PES as well as the thermal protection effect of PES. The heat resistance of resin systems under N2 atmosphere are superior to the systems under air atmosphere.

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a powerful characterization technique that unveils subtle chemical environment differences via core-electron binding energy (CEBE) analysis. We extend the development of real-space pseudopotential methods to calculating 1s, 2s, and 2p3/2 CEBEs of third-row elements (S, P, and Si) within the framework of Kohn-Sham density-functional theory (KS-DFT). The new approach systematically prevents variational collapse and simplifies core-excited orbital selection within dense energy level distributions. However, careful error cancellation analysis is required to achieve accuracy comparable to all-electron methods and experiments. Combined with real-space KS-DFT implementation, this development enables large-scale simulations with both Dirichlet boundary conditions and periodic boundary conditions.

Orbital angular momentum(OAM) technology provides a new modulation dimension for wireless communication system, and it has become an effective way to solve the problem of spectrum resource shortage. A novel OAM array antenna is proposed in this paper, which uses a dielectric resonator array antenna to produce a OAM beam. The simulation results show that the OAM antenna array radius affects the OAM beam effect, the suitable feeding position and feeding mode can ameliorate the central space problem and improve the quality of long-distance transmission of OAM beam. This OAM array antenna has the advantages of small volume and wide selection of dielectric materials, it can solve the problem of the ring-shaped OAM microstrip array antenna, which is the high loss of the high frequency band and the large size of the low frequency band. It provides a new reference value for the practical application of OAM array antenna in the field of wireless communication.

With the rapid development of modern communication technology, there comes great demand of multi-frequency and broadband antennas of compact size. It is also urgent to solve the problem of the shortage of spectrum resources and low utilization of spectrum. In this paper, the new spectrum reuse resources of orbital angular momentum(OAM) are combined with ultra-wideband antenna technology, a kind of ultra-wideband OAM antenna is designed. The simulation results show that the working band of OAM antenna covers Ku, K and Ka multiple frequency bands, and multiple modes of OAM beam can be generated in the microwave section of the high frequency. The OAM beams of various modes have good rotation and symmetry, and the characteristics of different OAM mode beams are analyzed. Finally, it is found that the same mode OAM beam is generated at different frequency points at different frequency bands, which energy concentration is basically consistent. This indicates the feasibility and effectiveness of the OAM antenna.

BACKGROUND: The superiority of balloon angioplasty plus aggressive medical management (AMM) to AMM alone for symptomatic intracranial artery stenosis (sICAS) on efficacy and safety profiles still lacks evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs). AIM: To demonstrate the design of an RCT on balloon angioplasty plus AMM for sICAS. DESIGN: Balloon Angioplasty for Symptomatic Intracranial Artery Stenosis (BASIS) trial is a multicentre, prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded end-point trial to investigate whether balloon angioplasty plus AMM could improve clinical outcome compared with AMM alone in patients with sICAS. Patients eligible in BASIS were 35-80 years old, with a recent transient ischaemic attack within the past 90 days or ischaemic stroke between 14 days and 90 days prior to enrolment due to severe atherosclerotic stenosis (70%-99%) of a major intracranial artery. The eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive balloon angioplasty plus AMM or AMM alone at a 1:1 ratio. Both groups will receive identical AMM, including standard dual antiplatelet therapy for 90 days followed by long-term single antiplatelet therapy, intensive risk factor management and life-style modification. All participants will be followed up for 3 years. STUDY OUTCOMES: Stroke or death in the next 30 days after enrolment or after balloon angioplasty procedure of the qualifying lesion during follow-up, or any ischaemic stroke or revascularisation from the qualifying artery after 30 days but before 12 months of enrolment, is the primary outcome. DISCUSSION: BASIS trail is the first RCT to compare the efficacy and safety of balloon angioplasty plus AMM to AMM alone in sICAS patients, which may provide an alternative perspective for treating sICAS. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT03703635; https://www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov.

Intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is a common cause of ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack (TIA) with a high recurrence rate. It is often referred to as intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS), when the plaque has caused significant narrowing of the vessel lumen. The lesion is usually considered symptomatic ICAD/ICAS (sICAD/sICAS) when it has caused an ischaemic stroke or TIA. The severity of luminal stenosis has long been established as a prognostic factor for stroke relapse in sICAS. Yet, accumulating studies have also reported the important roles of plaque vulnerability, cerebral haemodynamics, collateral circulation, cerebral autoregulation and other factors in altering the stroke risks across patients with sICAS. In this review article, we focus on cerebral haemodynamics in sICAS. We reviewed imaging modalities/methods in assessing cerebral haemodynamics, the haemodynamic metrics provided by these methods and application of these methods in research and clinical practice. More importantly, we reviewed the significance of these haemodynamic features in governing the risk of stroke recurrence in sICAS. We also discussed other clinical implications of these haemodynamic features in sICAS, such as the associations with collateral recruitment and evolution of the lesion under medical treatment, and indications for more individualised blood pressure management for secondary stroke prevention. We then put forward some knowledge gaps and future directions on these topics.

The thermodynamic process on hydrogenolysis of glycerol to high value-added diols was studied. The thermodynamic parameters of the main reaction equations were calculated, and the effects of temperature, pressure and molar ratio of hydrogen to glycerol on the products of the reaction equilibrium system were analysed. The deep hydrogenolysis system of glycerol and the degradation of its diols are also discussed. The results show that temperature has a great influence on the selectivity of the products. 1,2-propanediol is more easily formed. The optimum conditions for hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,2-propanediol are 400-500 K and the molar ratio of hydrogen to glycerol of 1.0-1.5. The calculated results are compared with the related experimental results.

Aiming at the limitation of the calculated length coefficient of the gable portal rigid frame columns in the standards and regulations, which ignores the influence of the arch effect caused by the axial force of the inclined beams lope, this paper uses the elastic buckling equation of the solid-webbed articulated pitched-roof frame, considered 𝑃−𝛥 second-order effect and the arch effect of the inclined beam under uniform load together. And the length coefficient calculated is analyzed. It is concluded that the larger the slope of the inclined beam and the ratio of the rigid frame span are, the more obvious the arching effect is, and the larger the calculated length coefficient of the rigid frame column is.

In view of the current construction practice of sponge city, effective rainwater system planning and rainwater control and utilization facility design are the key to give full play to its sponge function. Taking the sponge city construction of a city as an example, this paper explains the planning system, overall goal and planning strategy of the sponge city rainwater system, mainly discusses the design of storm—water control and utilization facilities, and carries out the sponge construction for the recently built and under construction projects as well as the demand of sponge construction, which plays an exemplary role for reference.