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Современное строительство все чаще обращается к сборным технологиям, стремясь повысить эффективность и экологическую устойчивость проектов. Особенно в Китае, где данное направление показывает впечатляющие темпы развития, сборное строительство становится ключевым элементом стратегии устойчивого развития городской инфраструктуры. Цель данного исследования заключается в анализе типов строительных конструкций и соединений, широко используемых в сборном строительстве в Китае, с акцентом на их эффективность, стоимость, влияние на окружающую среду и устойчивость. Методология включает в себя библио­метрический анализ научной литературы и статистических данных, охватывающих последние годы, для выявления ключевых трендов и направлений развития в данной области. Основные результаты показывают, что Китай занимает лидирующие позиции в исследованиях и применении сборных технологий, особенно в области железобетонных и стальных конструкций. Различные типы сборных конструкций и методы соединений анализируются с точки зрения их применения и эффективности. На основе анализа определены основные проблемы и перспективы дальнейшего развития сборного строительства, включая необходимость стандартизации и улучшения качества соединительных элементов. Исследование подчеркивает значительный потенциал сборного строительства для содействия устойчивому развитию и эффективному использованию ресурсов в строительной отрасли.

From a coordination chemistry perspective, we aimed to advance the knowledge of Sr/Cs separation in the scheme of spent nuclear fuel reprocessing. Based on data mining of crystal structures and deep learning architecture, we summarized and analyzed coordination chemistry properties of Sr/Cs from complex structures(ca. 3.3×104 samples) of 8 alkaline and alkaline earth elements, especially focusing on coordination bond lengths as a representative figure of merit. Applying a Bayesian optimization approach, we were able to establish a high-performing transformer model which could predict the(differential) coordinative affinities toward Sr/Cs of ligand molecules, with exceptional accuracy. As a proof-of-concept, we systematically analyzed ca. 9.1×103 ligand molecules in terms of potential coordinative selectivity toward Sr/Cs and ranked them. In addition, we also determined different contribution of various functional groups for future molecular design of ligands with selectivity. The present study presented fundamental knowledge for coordination chemistry information in the context of radiochemistry and spent nuclear fuel reprocessing, provided guidance and reference for subsequent experiments regarding Sr/Cs separation.

Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) can promote the regression of chronic inflammatory response in diabetic kidney disease (DKD), inhibit renal fibrosis and protect renal function by inhibiting renal intrinsic cell inflammatory response, antioxidant stress injury and regulate macrophage transformation. With the in-depth study of SPMs, it is expected to become a new target for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases such as DKD.

Abstract: Synthetic N-heterocyclic compounds, such as quinoxalines, have shown a crucial role in pharmaceutical as well as food and dye industries. However, the traditional synthesis toward N-heterocycles relies on multistep energy and cost-intensive non-sustainable processes. Here, we report a facile approach that allows one-step conversion of biomass-derived carbohydrates to valuable quinoxalines in the presence of aryl-1,2-diamines in water without any harmful metal catalysts/organic solvents via spontaneously engineering involved cascade reactions under hydrothermal conditions. Aryl-1,2-diamines are revealed as the key to propel this transformation through boosting carbohydrate fragmentation into small 1,2-dicarbonyl intermediates and subsequently trapping them for constituting stable quinoxaline scaffolds therefore avoiding a myriad of undesired side reactions. The tunability of product selectivity can be also achievable by adjusting the basicity of the reaction environment. Both batch and continuous-flow integrated processes were verified for production of quinoxalines in an exceptionally eco-benign manner (E-factor

BackgroundDuring the data acquisition of an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectroscopic diagnostic system in experimental advanced superconducting Tokamak (EAST), significant amounts of one-pixel noises are consistently observed. This is attributed to the influence of hard X-ray on the charge coupling device (CCD) detector.PurposeThis study aims to detect and denoise spectral images in the EUV spectral image processing system based on the field programmable gate array (FPGA).MethodsFirst of all, based on limiting filtering algorithm, spectral image processing was optimized by replacing fixed limiting thresholds and sample deviations using parameters such as standard deviation and deviation from the mean, and Andor Solis software to was applied to converting the SIF format spectra to BMP format spectral images. Then, data discrimination method was combined with limiting filtering algorithm to process spectral image data in stages according to the setting working area of the algorithm. Finally, a simulation test module was designed to process the video data converted from EUV spectral images in AX7Z100 ZYNQ FPGA platform, simulating the actual acquisition process for functional testing of the system. To assess the system's capacity to protect effective spectral data, the image data was transferred to one-dimensional spectral data for comparative analysis.ResultsBased on the experimental results, the EUV spectral image processing system of this study can effectively eliminate noise data points in the spectral image while essentially maintaining the integrity of the spectral data.ConclusionsThis study enhances the processing of the spectral data and provides a new technological path for EUV spectral image processing.

Compared with the traditional converter, the switching inductance quasi-Z source DC-DC boost converter has the characteristics of wide output voltage, small capacitor size and more reliable circuit. However, in the process of DC voltage boost, the system is prone to high startup impulse voltage, output voltage fluctuation, and other problems. Therefore, a double integral sliding mode control (DISMC) method is proposed. The control method takes the capacitance voltage error, the inductance current error and their sum of single integral and double integral as state variables, and derives the equivalent control law from the sliding mode surface. A Lyapunov function is constructed to analyze the existence conditions of DISMC method. And the effects of abrupt changes of input voltage, negative reference voltage and load power on transient oscillation, steady state error and overshoot of the system are analyzed. This control method solves the non-minimum phase problem of capacitor voltage, so as to improve the start-up performance of the controller and speed up the response of the system. Finally, the superiority and effectiveness of the control method are verified by simulation.

ObjectiveBy comparing some key factors in generating bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenic mice, such as the background of strains, the concentration of the BAC DNA used for injection, the size of the BAC DNA, and the storage time of the BAC DNA injection, to optimize the generation of BAC transgenic mice.MethodsThe same procedure of BAC DNA preparation was used with two mouse strains, i.e. C57BL/6J and FVB/N to produce embryos; four concentrations of DNA for injection (0.75, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 ng/µL, respectively) were utilized to microinject into the embryos. The size of BAC DNA fragment and the time from BAC preparation to injection were recorded, and the birth rate and positive rate of transgenic mice were compared.ResultsThe positive rate of transgenic mice with FVB/N background was higher than that of C57BL/6J background (P < 0.05). When different concentrations of BAC DNA were adopted, the birth rates of C57BL/6J and FVB/N mice from high to low were 0.75 ng/µL>1.5 ng/µL>1.0 ng/µL>2.0 ng/µL. When the injection concentration was 1.5 ng/µL, the positive rates transgenic mice in C57BL/6J and FVB/N newborns were the highest, while the positive rate was 0 in C57BL/6J newborns when the injection concentration was 0.75 ng/µL and 2.0 ng/µL. When different concentrations of BAC DNA were adopted, the positive rate of transgenic mice in FVB/N newborns from high to low was 1.5 ng/µL>1.0 ng/µL>2.0 ng/µL>0.75 ng/µL. When the BAC fragment size was 197 kb, the mice birth rate was highest at (22.49±9.41)%, and when the fragment size was 99 kb, the birth rate was lowest at (13.61±15.65)%. When the BAC fragment was 197 kb, the transgenic mice had the highest positive rate of (13.56±12.88)%, extremely significantly higher than that for 114 kb (P < 0.01) and significantly higher than that for 99 kb (P < 0.05). The storage time of BAC injection was not linearly associated with the positive rate of transgenic mice.ConclusionCompared with C57BL/6J, mice with FVB/N background appear more suitable for the generation of BAC transgenic mice. When the concentration of BAC DAN injection is 1.5 ng/µL, the positive rate of transgenic mice is the highest. BAC fragment size is not a constraining factor for positive transgenic mice. The highest efficiency is expected when the BAC DNA is injected within one week after preparation.

Objective To compare the research status and hotspots of immunotherapy for liver cancer at home and abroad. Methods Papers about immunotherapy for liver cancer published from the establishment to 2019 were searched in PubMed database and Chinese database. Information were extracted and sorted by BICOMB-2 software, and then we created the word matrix and co-occurrence matrix of high-frequency subject headings. The cluster analysis of subject headings was conducted by gCLUTO 1.0. NetDraw 2.089 was used to draw social network diagrams, UCINET 6.212 was used to conduct the centrality analysis. Results There were 2 081 foreign literatures and 901 Chinese literatures, involving 655 foreign periodicals and 275 Chinese periodicals. Four themes of immunotherapy for liver cancer were determined: the correlation between the immune inoculation of hepatitis B patients and the occurrence of liver cancer, the study between dendritic cells and immunotherapy for liver cancer, the study of the combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy on liver cancer, and related research of natural killer cells and liver cancer immunotherapy. Conclusion The number of researches on immunotherapy for liver cancer have shown an increasing trend year by year. We can learn from the international research status and hotspots to create a new way for liver cancer treatment.

Silicon carbide (SiC) particles,carbon nanotubes (CNT), SiC and CNT hybrid reinforced 7055Al composites were prepared by powder metallurgy with 7055Al as matrix. The dry sliding friction and wear behavior of the three composites were studied. The results show that the wear mass loss increases and the friction coefficient decreases slightly with the increase of the load.The wear mass loss of the SiC-CNT/7055Al composite is lower than that of the single SiC/7055Al and CNT/7055Al reinforced composites at 0.5 MPa and 1.0 MPa.The wear mass loss of the SiC-CNT/7055Al composite increases rapidly at 2.0 MPa. With the increase of the load,the wear resistance of CNT/7055Al composite increases gradually;under medium and high load,the composite owns better wear resistance.The wear amount of SiC/7055Al composite increases gradually with the increase of the load, and the wear mass loss increases little at load of 2.0 MPa.

C28H22CdN4O6, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 8.8463(3) Å, b = 9.0275(3) Å, c = 15.6752(5) Å, α = 78.033(3)°, β = 88.988(3)°, γ = 84.843(3)°, V = 1219.66(7) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0333, wRref(F2) = 0.0732, T = 291 K.

Studying on the Ca O base containing V2O5and Ti O2semi-steel slag, a model of enrichment degree Rci-cjwas built with the help of the ion and molecule coexistence theory, the result was compared with the actual enrichment form of phosphate.The results indicate that with the increasing of basicity, the mass action concentration of 3CaO·P2O5gradually decreases, and the mass action concentration of 4CaO·P2O5gradually increases.While the mass action concentration of 2CaO·Si O2first increases and then decreases.The enrichment possibility range of the C3P+C4P is 87%-94%and the C2S that is the essential substance for the formation of the rich phosphate mineral phase is main calcium silicate compounds.The solid solution 2CaO-Si O2-3CaO-P2O5 (C2S-C3P) and 2CaO-Si O2-4CaO-P2O5 (C2S-C4P) are the primary phosphate enrichment phase in the slag.According to the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and hypothesis, the containing P2O5solid solution in dark grey area is calculated as2CaO·Si O2-3CaO·P2O5and 2CaO·Si O2-4CaO·P2O5, which is consistent with the theoretical calculation results.

Electrochemical research often requires stringent combinations of experimental parameters that are demanding to manually locate. Recent advances in automated instrumentation and machine-learning algorithms unlock the possibility for accelerated studies of electrochemical fundamentals via high-throughput, online decision-making. Here we report an autonomous electrochemical platform that implements an adaptive, closed-loop workflow for mechanistic investigation of molecular electrochemistry. As a proof-of-concept, this platform autonomously identifies and investigates an EC mechanism, an interfacial electron transfer (E step) followed by a solution reaction (C step), for cobalt tetraphenylporphyrin exposed to a library of organohalide electrophiles. The generally applicable workflow accurately discerns the EC mechanisms presence amid negative controls and outliers, adaptively designs desired experimental conditions, and quantitatively extracts kinetic information of the C step spanning over 7 orders of magnitude, from which mechanistic insights into oxidative addition pathways are gained. This work opens opportunities for autonomous mechanistic discoveries in self-driving electrochemistry laboratories without manual intervention.

Recent studies indicate that the Asian Water Tower (AWT) is at risk due to climate change, which can negatively impact water and food security in Asia. However, there is a lack of comprehensive information on lakes' spatial and temporal changes in this region. This information is crucial for understanding the risk magnitude and designing strategies. To fill this research gap, we analyzed 89,480 Landsat images from 1977 ± 2 to 2020 ± 2 to investigate the changes in the size of lakes recharged by the AWT. Our findings showed that out of the 209 lakes larger than 50 km2, 176 (84 %) grew during the wet season and 167 (81 %) during the dry season. 74 % of expanded lakes are located in the Inner Tibetan Plateau (TP) and Tarim basins. The lakes that shrank are found mainly in the Helmand, Indus, and Yangtze basins. Over the entire period, the area of shrinkage (55,077.028 km2 in wet season, 53,986.796 km2 in dry) markedly exceeded expansion (13,000.267 km2 in wet, 11,038.805 km2 in dry), with the drastic decline of the Aral Sea being a major contributor to shrinkage, accounting for 90 % of the total loss. From 1990 ± 2 to 2020 ± 2, alpine lakes mostly expanded, plain lakes mostly shrank, with the opposite trend from 1977 ± 2 to 1990 ± 2. Glacial loss and permafrost thawing under global warming in the Inner TP, Tarim Interior, Syr Darya, and Mekong basins were strongly correlated with lake expansion. However, permafrost discontinuities may prevent significant growth of lakes in the Indus and Ganges basins despite increased recharge. Our findings point to the prominence of the risk the lakes recharged by AWT face. Taking immediate action to manage these risks and adaptation is crucial as the AWT retreats and lake recharges are slowed.

To find an optimal balance between accuracy and model transparency in fuzzy systems modeling, a novel approach based on the non-dominated sorting fireworks optimization algorithm (NSFOA) is proposed in this paper. The FOA is a new swarm intelligence algorithm mimicking the explosion of fireworks, which could be used to tune the parameters and optimize the structure of fuzzy systems with high effectiveness and correctness. At each iteration of the NSFOA algorithm, all individuals are sorted based on fast non-dominated sorting and crowding-distance evaluation, and the multiobjective fitness functions consider the aspects of both interpretability and accuracy contemporaneously. Subsequently, the individuals with better transparency and accuracy are selected for the next generation. The proposed NSFOA algorithm is applied to the second-order non-linear system and the Iris benchmark problem, and the experimental results demonstrate that our method leads to comprehensible fuzzy models with remarkable accuracy.

A dual-wavelength high-spectral-resolution lidar (HSRL) based on an iodine absorption filter and a field-widened Michelson interferometer (FWMI) has been developed to profile backscatter and extinction coefficients of aerosols and clouds accurately. This instrument was tested and calibrated on multiple observations in Hangzhou and Zhoushan, respectively, from August 2018 to April 2019. This paper discusses the design and the internal calibration method of the lidar system in detail, with several typical cases of observations and the analysis of these data products. The optical properties of urban aerosols in Hangzhou and the evolvement of clouds in Zhoushan are presented, respectively.

Study on the upper ocean is of great significance to the global climate change and carbon cycle. Lidar can be used to effectively detect depth-resolved optical properties of the ocean. However, both theory and experiment of oceanic lidar are limited by complex multiple scattering. Several progresses by Zhejiang University will be illustrated in this paper: 1) a polarized lidar system was developed, and a Monte Carlo model and a radiative transfer model were established (Zhou, et al. remote sensing, 2019; Zhou, et al. Journal of remote sensing, 2019; Xu, et al. and Liu, et al. Journal of remote sensing, 2019); 2) Cross validations are demonstrated to verify the availability of the lidar system and models (Liu, et al. IEEE TGRS, 2019); 3) phase function effects on backscatter and attenuation are studied considering multiple scattering, respectively (Liu, et al. Optics Express, 2019). Oceanic lidar is proven to have great potential in marine studies.

The detection of clouds and aerosols is important for climate research. Lidar has been widely used in atmospheric remote sensing research because of its high spatial and temporal resolution and ability to detect profiles. High spectral resolution lidar (HSRL) accurately calculates the optical properties of aerosols and clouds without relying on any assumptions. Based on the 532nm iodine HSRL system, the lidar ratio of the urban aerosol in Hangzhou is 40-50sr, and the average lidar ratio of the cirrus is 24.79sr, demonstrating that the HSRL system and retrieval algorithms accurately obtain the optical properties of clouds and aerosols.

This paper presents two approaches to calibrate the overlap factor under inhomogeneous atmospheric condition without critical assumption and delivers detailed analysis about the retrieval errors of overlap profile in High-Spectral-Resolution-Lidar (HSRL). The first method employs an additional optical subsystem with different field-of-view, that is dual field-of-view HSRL, for the retrieval of overlap profile. The second method takes advantage of the difference of the result between the HSRL and Klett method, that is about the retrieval of backscatter coefficient for uncorrected lidar signal, to correct overlap profile. Surprisingly, two methods show very high-level consistency and stability of the result. It is potential that this technique would be an excellent solution for experimental determination of lidar overlap in ground-based HSRL.

A hybrid approach combining water-splitting electrochemistry and H2-oxidizing, CO2-fixing microorganisms offers a viable solution for producing value-added chemicals from sunlight, water, and air. The classic wisdom without thorough examination to date assumes that the electrochemistry in such a H2-mediated process is innocent of altering microbial behavior. Here, we report unexpected metabolic rewiring induced by water-splitting electrochemistry in H2-oxidizing acetogenic bacterium Sporomusa ovata that challenges such a classic view. We found that the planktonic S. ovata is more efficient in utilizing reducing equivalent for ATP generation in the materials-biology hybrids than cells grown with H2 supply, supported by our metabolomic and proteomic studies. The efficiency of utilizing reducing equivalents and fixing CO2 into acetate has increased from less than 80% of chemoautotrophy to more than 95% under electroautotrophic conditions. These observations unravel previously underappreciated materials impact on microbial metabolism in seemingly simply H2-mediated charge transfer between biotic and abiotic components. Such a deeper understanding of the materials-biology interface will foster advanced design of hybrid systems for sustainable chemical transformation.