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Due to its excellent hardware performance and elegant design,the lightweight block cipher PRESENT attracts widely attention from both industry and academy society.In this paper,we present a new Biclique cryptanalysis on 21-round PRESENT,which can recover secret key with 278.9 time complexity and 264 chosen ciphertexts.Moreover,our Biclique attack can be extended to PRESENT-128 and the compression function of DM-PRESENT with the same rounds.Compared with the published results,our new Biclique analysis has the advantage on its memory complexity.

β-Glucosidase has been reported to induce the production of herbivore-induced plant volatiles. However, how it works remains unclear. Here, we investigated the levels of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene, and H2O2, all of which are known signaling molecules that play important roles in induced plant defense in rice plants treated with β-glucosidase, and compared these to levels in plants infested by the rice brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stal). Results showed that wounding and treatment by β-glucosidase increased the levels of SA, ethylene, and H2O2, but not JA, in all plants compared to control plants. The signaling pathways activated by β-glucosidase treatment are similar to those activated by an infestation by N. lugens, although the magnitude and timing of the signals elicited by the two treatments are different. This may explain why both treatments have similar volatile profiles and are equally attractive to the parasitoid Anagrus nilaparvatae Pang et Wang.

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analyses were performed with random primer H16 for the B biotype and two non-B populations of Bemisia tabaci collected from Zhejiang (China). The specific sequence fragments containing 446, 390 and 1317 nucleotides were amplified for the B biotype, ZHJ-1, ZHJ-2 populations, respectively. The three specific fragments were cloned and sequenced, and three pairs of SCAR primers were designed according to the sequences determined. With improvement of the conditions of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the specific fragments of B biotype, ZHJ-1 and ZHJ-2 populations, namely 439, 366 and 1238 nucleotides, respectively, were amplified with the sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) primer of the corresponding population, while specific fragments of the other populations of B. tabaci or Trialeurodes vaporariorum could not be amplified.

A recombinant enhancin fromTrichoplusia nigranulovirus, expressed inEscherichia coliand named P96, had been shown in a previous study to increase significantly the efficacy of bio-insecticides applied to insect pests. Here, several biological characteristics were clarified to provide further proof for the activities of P96. The inclusion bodies formed by P96 were quite stable when expressed inE. coli; however, they could be effectively dissolved in sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) solution or in the midgut digestive secretion of the fifth-instar larvae of the cotton bollworm,Helicoverpa armigera,in vitro. According to sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), the peritrophic membrane of the cotton bollworm was clearly decomposed by P96. With the increase of P96 concentration, the mortality of the cotton bollworm caused by nuclear polyhedrosis virus increased up to its saturation concentration, 6.76×105inclusion bodies/ml. The bioactivity of P96 was strongly inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), which formed a complex compound with the metal ion (Zn2+) in the protein.