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164 results on '"LITTORAL (LITTORAL)"'

1. Seasonal, Diurnal, and Tidal Variations of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon and pCO2 in Surface Waters of a Temperate Coastal Lagoon (Arcachon, SW France)

Author: Pierre Polsenaere, Bruno Delille, Dominique Poirier, Céline Charbonnier, Jonathan Deborde, Aurélia Mouret, Gwenaël Abril, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources des Pertuis Charentais (LERPC), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Unité d'Océanographie Chimique, Interfacultary Center for Marine Research (MARE), Université de Liège-Université de Liège, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)
Subjects: water pCO2, chemical processes, Ecology, seasonal variations, dissolved inorganic carbon, Aquatic Science, water-air CO2 fluxes, tidal, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, coastal zone, diurnal, physical, biological, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience; We report on diurnal, tidal, and seasonal variations of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), water partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), and associated water–air CO2 fluxes in a tidal creek of a temperate coastal lagoon with 70% of intertidal flats, during eight tidal/diurnal cycles and two consecutive years covering all seasons. Surface waters of the lagoon were always slightly oversaturated in CO2 with respect to the atmosphere with an average pCO2 value of 496 ± 36 ppmv. Seasonally, subsurface water pCO2 values were controlled by both temperature and biological/tidal advection effects that compensated each other and resulted in weak annual variations. High-resolution temporal pCO2 records reveal that the highest fluctuations (192 ppmv) occurred at the tidal/diurnal scale as a result of biological activity, advection from the tidal flat, and porewater pumping that all contributed to water pCO2 and carbonate chemistry variations. Total alkalinity (TA) versus salinity plots suggest a net production of alkalinity in the lagoon attributed to benthic carbonate dissolution and/or anaerobic degradation of organic matter. We specifically highlighted that for the same salinity range, during flooding, daytime pCO2 were generally lower than nighttime pCO2 values because of photosynthesis, whereas during ebbing, daytime pCO2 were higher than nighttime pCO2 values because of heating. Waters in the lagoon were a relatively weak CO2 source to the atmosphere over the year compared to other estuarine and lagoon waters elsewhere, and to sediment-air fluxes measured simultaneously by atmospheric Eddy Covariance (EC) in the Arcachon lagoon. Because of low values and small variations of the air-sea pCO2 gradient, the variability of fluxes calculated using the piston velocity parameterization was greatly controlled by the wind speed at the diurnal and, to a lesser extent, seasonal time scales. During the emersion, the comparison of these pCO2 data in the tidal creek with EC fluxes measured 1.8 km away on the tidal flat suggests high heterogeneity in air-sea CO2 fluxes, both spatially and at short time scales according to the inundation cycle and the wind speed. In addition to tidal pumping when the flat becomes emerged, our data suggest that lateral water movement during the emersion of the flat generates strong spatial heterogeneity in water–air CO2 flux.
Published: 2022

2. Effect of nickel and Iron stress on photosynthesis and metabolite production of Heterocapsa cf. bohaiensis (dinoflagellate)

Author: Mériot, Vincent, Roussel, Alice, Brunet, Nina, Chomérat, Nicolas, Bilien, Gwenaël, Berteaux-Lecellier, Veronique, Le Déan, Loïc, Coulombier, Noémie, Lebouvier, Nicolas, Jauffrais, Thierry, Ifremer - Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut de sciences exactes et appliquées (ISEA), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Laboratoire Environnement Ressource Bretagne Nord (LERBN), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Ecologie marine tropicale dans les Océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Réunion]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Ifremer - Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), ADECAL TECHNOPOLE, and Microcomet Cresica
Subjects: Dinoflagellate, Nickel, Iron, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Metabolomic - Photosynthesis, Photosynthesis
Abstract: International audience; Microalgae are well known to produce valuable compounds in response to abiotic stresses. Among these stresses, metals can influence the production of primary or specific metabolites related to reactive oxygen species formation (Barra et al. 2014; Chen et al. 2017; Paliwal et al. 2017). Heterocapsa cf. bohaiensis, a newly described dinoflagellate species with haemolytic activity, and associated with shrimp (Penaeus japonicas) and crab (Eriocheir sinensis) mortalities (Xiao et al. 2018; Zhang et al. 2019), has been recently isolated in New Caledonian iron and nickel-rich waters (Merrot et al. 2022; Pelletier 2006). To induce the metallic stress and the production of metabolites, we exposed H. cf. bohaiensis to high concentrations (10-3M) of nickel (Ni2+) and/or iron (Fe2+) and investigate its photosynthetic efficiency in continuous culture using Pulse Amplitude Modulated chlorophyll fluorescence. The results indicates that H. cf. bohaiensis is tolerant to Ni2+ but sensitive to Fe2+ high concentrations, without cell death. JIP-test suggest that the reduction of photosynthesis in response to Fe2+ is due to a disruption in the electron transport chain rather than a defect in the PSII light absorption and trapping which are enhanced by Fe2+(Adamski et al. 2011; Redillas et al. 2011; Strasser et al.). These results highlight the toxic mechanisms of Fe2+ in microalgae and help to understand the production of biomass under metallic stress. Studying this species in this particular environment will also bring knowledge in the field of aquaculture and ecotoxicology, owing to the transfer of metals in the food chain (bioaccumulation, biosorption) and to the possible production of toxins. This study will also provide some insights for potential valorisations in the biotechnology and/or cosmetics fields, through the analysis of primary (pigments, fatty acids / antioxidants) and specific metabolites, with interesting activities, produced under metal stress conditions.
Published: 2022

3. Stomach content and stable isotope analyses provide complementary insights into the trophic ecology of coastal temperate bentho-demersal assemblages under environmental and anthropogenic pressures

Author: Sturbois, A., Cozic, A, Schaal, G, Desroy, N, Riera, P, Le Pape, Olivier, Le Mao, P, Ponsero, A, Carpentier, Alexandre, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), VivArmor Nature, Réserve Naturelle Nationale Baie St-Brieuc, Réserves Naturelles de France, Réserve Naturelle Nationale Baie de Somme, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (ADMM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamique et durabilité des écosystèmes : de la source à l’océan (DECOD), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), and This work was funded by Agence de l’Eau Loire-Bretagne (grant number 180212501), the Région Bretagne (OSIRIS FEA621219CR0530023), the Europe for the European maritime and fisheries fund (grant number FEAMP 621-B) and the Ministère de la Transition Ecologique et Solidaire (grant number EJ N°2102930123) who fund the ResTroph Baie de Saint-Brieuc research program.
Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Stomach contents, General Medicine, Functioning, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Fish assemblages, Pollution, Stable isotope
Abstract: International audience; Assessing organic matter fluxes and species interactions in food webs is of main interest to understand the ecological functioning in bays and estuaries characterised by a wide diversity of primary producers and consumers. Demersal fish and cephalopod assemblages were studied across a network of 24 shallow subtidal stations in the bay of Saint-Brieuc for their diversity, stable isotope compositions and stomach contents. The community was composed of 21 taxa, eight species accounting for 94.4% of the total abundance. Three different assemblages were identified along bathymetric gradient and spatial patterns in fish dredging. Marine POM and SOM were the most likely bases of food webs regarding δ(13)C range displayed by fish and cephalopod without differences among assemblages. Amphipoda was the main prey item in stomachs leading to significant diet overlaps among fish species, with some variations in additional items. Sepia officinalis was characterised by a singular diet and very low dietary overlap with other species. Contrasted stable isotope values and niche overlaps among species were evidenced in the δ(13)C/δ(15)N space. Callionymus lyra and Buglossidium luteum, characterised by the widest isotopic niches, encompassed those of other species, except the singular (13)C-depleted Spondyliosoma cantharus. Coupling taxonomic assemblages, stomach contents and stable isotope analyses help disentangling the resources uses and evidencing trophic pathways. Contrasts in fish and cephalopod demersal assemblages occurring at different depths not necessarily imply differences in the trophic resources uses in such complex shallow coastal ecosystems under anthropogenic influences.
Published: 2022

4. Towards carbon neutrality by 2040 in La Rochelle metropolitan area (France): quantifying the role of wetlands and littoral zone in the capture and sequestration of blue carbon

Author: Dupuy, Christine, Agogué, Hélène, Amann, Benjamin, Azémar, Frédéric, Becu, Nicolas, Bergeon, Lauriane, Bertin, Xavier, Bocher, Pierrick, Bout, Emilie, Brenon, Isabelle, Carpentier, Alexandre, Ceaux, Serge, Chaumillon, Eric, Choquet, Catherine, Colin, Béatrice, Deborde, Jonathan, Dubillot, Emmanuel, Claire, Emery, Ferrari, Sylvie, Gaucherel, Cédric, Geairon, Philippe, Gilbert, Stéphane, Jeannin, Marc, Jourde, J., Kalenitchenko, Dimitri, Lachaussée, Nicolas, Lacoue-Labarthe, Thomas, Lanneluc, Isabelle, Lavaud, Laura, Lavaud, Sébastien, Lefrançois, Christel, Le Fouest, Vincent, Le Fur, Inès, Long, Nathalie, Mahieux, Pierre-Yves, Mayen, Jérémy, Marais, Caroline, Metzger, Édouard, Moncelon, Raphaël, Ouisse, Vincent, Péreau, Jean-Christophe, Pétillon, Julien, Philippine, Olivier, Pineau, Philippe, Pignon-Mussaud, Cécilia, Polsenaere, Pierre, Sabot, René, Refait, Philippe, Réveillac, Elodie, Robin, François-Xavier, Rouquette, Hélène, Sablé, Sophie, Sauriau, Pierre-Guy, Tackx, Michèle, Turcry, Philippe, Vagner, Marie, Vincent, Julia, Volto, Natacha, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Communauté d'Agglomération de La Rochelle (CDA La Rochelle), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Université de Rennes (UR), Mathématiques, Image et Applications - EA 3165 (MIA), La Rochelle Université (ULR), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources des Pertuis Charentais (LERPC), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Bordeaux Sciences Economiques (BSE), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur pour l'Environnement - UMR 7356 (LaSIE), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Coastal and Marine Research and Department of Zoology [South Africa], Nelson Mandela University [Port Elizabeth], Union des marais de la Charente-Maritime (UNIMA), DDAF LA ROCHELLE, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Communauté d'Agglomération de La Rochelle, Ville de La Rochelle, Banque des Territoires, Le Grand Plan d'InVestissement, Région Nouvelle Aquitaine, Port de Plaisance de La Rochelle, ADEME Agence de la Transition Ecologique, AZTI, and ELSEVIER
Subjects: Vegetated aquatic ecosystems, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Climate mitigation, Blue Carbon, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Holistic approach
Abstract: International audience; Rising greenhouse gas emissions are causing increasing worldwide impacts and changes on climate patterns, sea level, food production, human lives and livelihoods. Maintaining or improving the ability of coastal aquatic ecosystems and oceans to remove CO2 from the atmosphere is a crucial aspect for climate mitigation. The vegetated coastal ecosystems are able to catch and to sequestrate carbon, the so-called Blue Carbon. These ecosystems are key exchange zones that mediate the biogeochemical cycles across the continent, the ocean and the atmosphere. Given the importance of these ecosystems in biogeochemical cycles and their sensitivity to natural and anthropogenic pressures, the carbon cycle within and between compartments (e.g. pelagos, benthos…) and across the interfaces (e.g. atmosphere, ocean…) need to be addressed. On a regional scale, in the extended urban area of La Rochelle located on the French Atlantic coast (La Rochelle metropolitan area), lack in situ measurements within the wetlands and littoral zone make very uncertain their role as a sink or a source of CO2 to the atmosphere. We will first present a vast research project “La Rochelle Territoire Zéro Carbone” project (https://www.agglo-larochelle.fr/projet-de-territoire/territoire-zero-carbone), that target the ambition of carbon neutrality in La Rochelle metropolitan area by 2040 through a holistic approach (from measuring CO2 to raising people's awareness and assessing the impact of exogenous natural factors). Second, we will present some first results on the Blue Carbon dynamics within the freshwater and salt marshes, and seagrasses.
Published: 2022

5. Marine ecological aquaculture: a successful Mediterranean integrated multi-trophic aquaculture case study of a fish, oyster and algae assemblage

Author: Emmanuelle Roque D’Orbcastel, Mathieu Lutier, Emilie Le Floc’h, François Ruelle, Sébastien Triplet, Patrik Le Gall, Clarisse Hubert, Martine Fortune, Thierry Laugier, Thibault Geoffroy, Anaïs Crottier, Angélique Gobet, Eric Fouilland, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station IFREMER de Palavas-les-Flots, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire Environnement Ressource Bretagne Nord (LERBN), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire Métabolites des Microalgues (METALG), and Physiologie et Toxines des Microalgues Toxiques et Nuisibles (PHYTOX)
Subjects: nutrient recycling, fish, microalgae, oysters, Aquatic Science, Agronomy and Crop Science, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Integrated Multi-trophic Aquaculture, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: International audience; Inspired by agroecology, ecological aquaculture proposes an alternative model that uses ecology as a paradigm to develop innovative, more eco-friendly aquaculture with environmental, economic and social benefits. Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) is one application of this principle. Inspired by the natural trophic chain, it associates primary producers with primary or secondary consumers, providing a new source of biomass without requiring supplementary feed by recycling inorganic and organic wastes. Of these systems, land-based IMTAs demonstrate several advantages, especially easier control of nutrient flows, contaminants and/or predators. This study focused on a land-based marine IMTA, combining a recirculating aquaculture system for fish consecutively with a natural marine polyculture of microalgae and oyster cultivation. The objective was to assess the ability of the microalgal polyculture both to bioremediate fish nutrients and to sustain oyster growth. For the first time in a Mediterranean climate, we confirmed the feasibility of developing a microalgae community of interest for oysters maintained by fish effluent. Despite strong variability in microalgae production, this IMTA system resulted in significant oyster growth over the experimental period of one month, with growth results of the same order of magnitude as natural juvenile growth. In the conditions tested, this IMTA with reduced human intervention allowed a gain in recoverable biomass of 3.7 g of oyster produced per kg of fish feed distributed. By transforming waste into additional biomass, IMTAs offer a more promising, ecological avenue for aquaculture, based on a circular economy, which may in turn increase the social acceptability of fish farming.
Published: 2022

6. Identification and Quantification of Microplastics in the Marine Environment Using the Laser Direct Infrared (LDIR) Technique

Author: Mélanie Ourgaud, Nam Ngoc Phuong, Laure Papillon, Christos Panagiotopoulos, François Galgani, Natascha Schmidt, Vincent Fauvelle, Christophe Brach-Papa, Richard Sempéré, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nationale du Viet Nam, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Provence Azur Corse (LERPAC), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)
Subjects: Polymers, Microplastics, detection, Polypropylenes, Détection, Animals, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Environmental Chemistry, Seawater, Polyvinyl Chloride, Marine organisms, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, LDIR, seawater, Organismes marins, Eau de mer, marine organisms, Lasers, Fishes, General Chemistry, Detection, sediment, Polyethylene, Microplastiques, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Sediment, Plastics, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring, Sédiment
Abstract: International audience; Here, we evaluate for the first time the performances of the newly developed laser direct infrared (LDIR) technique and propose an optimization of the initial protocol for marine microplastics (MPs) analysis. Our results show that an 8 μm porosity polycarbonate filter placed on a Kevley slide enables preconcentration and efficient quantification of MPs, as well as polymer and size determination of reference plastic pellets of polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), with recoveries ranging from 80–100% and negligible blank values for particle sizes ranging from 200 to 500 μm. A spiked experiment using seawater, sediment, mussels, and fish stomach samples showed that the method responded linearly with significant slopes (R2 ranging from 0.93–1.0; p < 0.001, p < 0.01). Overall, 11 polymer types were identified with limited handling and an analysis time of ca. 3 h for most samples and 6 h for complex samples. Application of this technique to Mediterranean marine samples (seawater, sediment, fish stomachs and mussels) indicated MP concentrations and size distribution consistent with the literature. A high predominance of PVC (sediment, fish stomachs) and PE and PP (seawater, mussels) was observed in the analyzed samples.
Published: 2022

7. Persistent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in an Immunocompromised Host Treated by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies

Author: Anne Laure Clairet, Ana Berceanu, Laurie Spehner, Etienne Daguindau, Solène Marty-Quinternet, Karine Lacombe, Benoit Bailly, Kevin Bouiller, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Julien Puech, Sandrine Imbeaud, Quentin Lepiller, Marie Kroemer, Pauline Roux, Brigitte Autran, Catherine Chirouze, Xavier de Lamballerie, David Veyer, Paul Bastard, Fanny Angelot Delettre, Olivier Hermine, Hélène Péré, Nicolas Robillard, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Génomique fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides = Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors [CRC] (FunGeST), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Service d'Hématologie [CHRU Besançon], Hôpital JeanMinjoz, LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Human genetics of infectious diseases : Mendelian predisposition (Equipe Inserm U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Rockefeller University [New York], Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) (RIGHT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS BFC)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC (UR 3181) (CEF2P / CARCINO), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Centre hospitalier Lons le Saunier, Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS BFC), and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), 0303 health sciences, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Host (biology), medicine.drug_class, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Monoclonal antibody, Virology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Infectious Diseases, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, business
Abstract: International audience; No abstract available
Published: 2022

8. Interannual variability of the initiation of the phytoplankton growing period in two French coastal ecosystems

Author: Coline Poppeschi, Guillaume Charria, Anne Daniel, Romaric Verney, Peggy Rimmelin-Maury, Michaël Retho, Eric Goberville, Emilie Grossteffan, Martin Plus, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Pélagique (PELAGOS), Dynamiques des Écosystèmes Côtiers (DYNECO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Dynamique Hydro-sédimentaire (DHYSED), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Morbihan Pays de Loire (LERMPL), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: Abstract. Decadal time series of chlorophyll-a concentrations sampled at high and low frequencies are explored to study climate-induced changes on the processes inducing interannual variations in the Initiation of the Phytoplankton Growing Period (IPGP) in early spring. In this study, we specifically detail the IPGP in two contrasting French coastal ecosystems: the Bay of Brest and the Bay of Vilaine. A large interannual variability in the IPGP is observed in both ecosystems in connection with variations of environmental drivers (solar radiation, sea temperature, wind direction and intensity, precipitation, river flow, sea level, currents and turbidity). We show that the IPGP is delayed by around 30 days in 2019 in comparison with 2010. The use of a one-dimensional vertical model coupling hydrodynamics, biogeochemistry and sediment dynamics shows that the IPGP is generally dependent on the interaction between several drivers. Interannual changes are therefore not associated with a unique driver (such as increasing sea surface temperature). Extreme events also impact the IPGP. In both bays, IPGP is sensitive to cold spells and flood events. The interannual variability of the IPGP is significant and strongly conditioned, at the local scale, by a combination of several environmental parameters, with a larger sensitivity to sea temperature and light conditions, linked to the turbidity of the system. While both bays are hydrodynamically contrasted, the processes that modulate IPGP are similar. Keywords Phytoplankton biomass, Long-term in situ observations, Coastal ecosystems, Extreme events, Climate change.
Published: 2022

9. An Overview of Marine Non-Indigenous Species Found in Three Contrasting Biogeographic Metropolitan French Regions: Insights on Distribution, Origins and Pathways of Introduction

Author: Cécile Massé, Frédérique Viard, Suzie Humbert, Elvire Antajan, Isabelle Auby, Guy Bachelet, Guillaume Bernard, Vincent M. P. Bouchet, Thomas Burel, Jean-Claude Dauvin, Alice Delegrange, Sandrine Derrien-Courtel, Gabin Droual, Benoit Gouillieux, Philippe Goulletquer, Laurent Guérin, Anne-Laure Janson, Jérôme Jourde, Céline Labrune, Nicolas Lavesque, Jean-Charles Leclerc, Michel Le Duff, Vincent Le Garrec, Pierre Noël, Antoine Nowaczyk, Christine Pergent-Martini, Jean-Philippe Pezy, Aurore Raoux, Virginie Raybaud, Sandrine Ruitton, Pierre-Guy Sauriau, Nicolas Spilmont, Delphine Thibault, Dorothée Vincent, Amelia Curd, Patrimoine naturel (PatriNat), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station de Biologie Marine de Concarneau, Direction générale déléguée à la Recherche, à l’Expertise, à la Valorisation et à l’Enseignement-Formation (DGD.REVE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Dynamiques des Écosystèmes Côtiers (DYNECO), Dynamique et durabilité des écosystèmes : de la source à l’océan (DECOD), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques (LECOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fédération de recherche Environnement et Société (FRES 3041), Université Pascal Paoli (UPP), Ecology and Conservation Science for Sustainable Seas (ECOSEAS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)
Subjects: Ecology, Ecological Modeling, biogeographic provinces, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), baseline, inventory, aquaculture, maritime trade, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, species introductions, France, MSFD, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract: International audience; Biological invasions are one of the main global threats to biodiversity in terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems worldwide, requiring effective inventorying and monitoring programs. Here, we present an updated list of non-indigenous species in French marine and transitional waters. Focused on eukaryote pluricellular species found throughout the three metropolitan French marine regions (Western Mediterranean Sea, Bay of Biscay and the Northern Seas), a total of 342 non-indigenous, including 42 cryptogenic, species are listed as having been introduced since the 13th century. The majority of the species originated from the temperate Northern Pacific. They mainly arrived through both ballast and hull fouling and also are associated with shellfish farming activities. Most of them have been introduced since the 1970s, a time when maritime and aquaculture trade intensified. Despite important human-aided opportunities for species transfer between the three marine regions (for instance, via recreational boating or aquaculture transfers), only a third of these NIS are common to all regions, as expected due to their environmental specificities.
Published: 2023

10. Long-term ecological trajectories of a disturbed Mediterranean coastal lagoon (Biguglia lagoon): Ecosystem-based approach and considering its resilience for conservation?

Author: Viviana Ligorini, Nathalie Malet, Marie Garrido, Brian Four, Sabrina Etourneau, Antoine Simon Leoncini, Christiane Dufresne, Philippe Cecchi, Vanina Pasqualini, Sciences pour l'environnement (SPE), Université Pascal Paoli (UPP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Provence Azur Corse (LERPAC), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: HABs, Global and Planetary Change, mediterranean coastal lagoon, Ocean Engineering, biological invasion, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, ecosystem-based approach (EBA), dinoflagellates, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, resilience, management, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: International audience; Coastal lagoons are subjected to ever-increasing direct or indirect anthropic pressures and are inexorably deteriorating with serious issues regarding their resilience. In this paper, we assessed the functioning and evolution of the highly disturbed Biguglia coastal lagoon (Mediterranean Sea, Corsica) through an ecosystem-based approach (EBA), using multiple biotic and abiotic proxies (hydro-climatic context and eutrophication), considering its connectivity to sea and watershed and biological compartments (macrophytes, phytoplankton, and invasive species) and taking into account human influence (management actions and fishing activities). The aim of this work is firstly to provide a comprehensive analysis of its long-term (2000–2021) ecological evolution trajectory and then, based on these results, to anticipate management strategies for supporting its conservation and restoration, and the maintenance of ecosystem services it offers. Results revealed that while the lagoon showed these days a good capacity to recover after disturbance and absorb change, it recently exhibited considerable changes in its phytoplankton community composition, developed an increased susceptibility to biological invasion, and experienced a drastic reduction in fish stocks. The major interannual variations of the mean salinity, strongly dependent on management interventions beyond natural climatic variability, summarized this instability. In the future, the lagoon may no longer be able to cope with even small disturbances, which could then be sufficient to reach a breakpoint and tip the system permanently into undesired/degraded states. We demonstrated that local and punctual management actions are not always beneficial for the entire ecosystem or even detrimental in some instances. Such a retrospective ecosystem-based approach is fundamental for producing the holistic insights required to implement efficient integrated ecosystem management. This further helps enhance lagoon resilience and hence preserve its ecosystem services in the context of increasing global changes. Such lessons are useful anywhere for comparable ecosystems.
Published: 2022

11. Latitudinal drivers of oyster mortality: deciphering host, pathogen and environmental risk factors

Author: Fleury, Elodie, Barbier, Pierrick, Petton, Bruno, Normand, Julien, Thomas, Yoann, Pouvreau, Stéphane, Daigle, Gaetan, Pernet, Fabrice, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources de Normandie (LERN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Département de mathématiques et de statistique [Laval-Québec] (DMS), Faculté des sciences et de génie [Laval-Québec] (FSG), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)
Subjects: crassostrea-gigas, Ecosystem ecology, lcsh:Medicine, panorama, Aquaculture, Environment, Article, Disease Outbreaks, pacific oysters, immunology, Risk Factors, Animals, oshv-1, aestuarianus, lcsh:Science, Proportional Hazards Models, Ecological epidemiology, fungi, lcsh:R, transmission, temperature, food and beverages, Ostreidae, infectious-diseases, trade-offs, ostreid herpesvirus-1, Host-Pathogen Interactions, lcsh:Q, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ifremer
Abstract: WOS:000560742100034; International audience; Diseases pose an ongoing threat to aquaculture, fisheries and conservation of marine species, and determination of risk factors of disease is crucial for management. Our objective was to decipher the effects of host, pathogen and environmental factors on disease-induced mortality of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) across a latitudinal gradient. We deployed young and adult oysters at 13 sites in France and we monitored survival, pathogens and environmental parameters. The young oysters came from either the wild collection or the hatchery while the adults were from the wild only. We then used Cox regression models to investigate the effect of latitude, site, environmental factors and origin on mortality risk and to extrapolate this mortality risk to the distribution limits of the species in Europe. We found that seawater temperature, food level, sea level atmospheric pressure, rainfall and wind speed were associated with mortality risk. Their effect on hatchery oysters was generally higher than on wild animals, probably reflecting that hatchery oysters were free of Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) whereas those from the wild were asymptomatic carriers. The risk factors involved in young and adult oyster mortalities were different, reflecting distinct diseases. Mortality risk increases from 0 to 90% with decreasing latitude for young hatchery oysters, but not for young wild oysters or adults. Mortality risk was higher in wild oysters than in hatchery ones at latitude \textgreater 47.6 degrees N while this was the opposite at lower latitude. Therefore, latitudinal gradient alters disease-induced mortality risk but interacts with the initial health status of the host and the pathogen involved. Practically, we suggest that mortality can be mitigated by using hatchery oysters in north and wild collected oysters in the south.
Published: 2020

12. Tradeoffs and Synergies in Tropical Forest Root Traits and Dynamics for Nutrient and Water Acquisition: Field and Modeling Advances

Author: Daniela Francis Cusack, Shalom D. Addo-Danso, Elizabeth A. Agee, Kelly M. Andersen, Marie Arnaud, Sarah A. Batterman, Francis Q. Brearley, Mark I. Ciochina, Amanda L. Cordeiro, Caroline Dallstream, Milton H. Diaz-Toribio, Lee H. Dietterich, Joshua B. Fisher, Katrin Fleischer, Claire Fortunel, Lucia Fuchslueger, Nathaly R. Guerrero-Ramírez, Martyna M. Kotowska, Laynara Figueiredo Lugli, César Marín, Lindsay A. McCulloch, Jean-Luc Maeght, Dan Metcalfe, Richard J. Norby, Rafael S. Oliveira, Jennifer S. Powers, Tatiana Reichert, Stuart W. Smith, Chris M. Smith-Martin, Fiona M. Soper, Laura Toro, Maria N. Umaña, Oscar Valverde-Barrantes, Monique Weemstra, Leland K. Werden, Michelle Wong, Cynthia L. Wright, Stuart Joseph Wright, Daniela Yaffar, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), CSIR- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Tree Improvement and seed Technology Division, UST, Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], Laboratoire Environnement Ressources des Pertuis Charentais (LERPC), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Chapman University, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Vienna [Vienna], Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Brazil, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Brown University, Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Asian School of the Environment, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources des Pertuis Charentais (LER/PC), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), University of California, and University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, tropical forest, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Uptake, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Base cations, Tropical Forest, GE1-350, resource limitation, phosphorus, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Drying, 2. Zero hunger, Ekologi, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Drought, Forestry, Geography [Social sciences], Phosphorus, 15. Life on land, SD1-669.5, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, vegetation models, Resource limitation, ddc, Environmental sciences, Vegetation models, Fertility, uptake, base cations, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Forests and Global Change, fertility, drought
Abstract: Vegetation processes are fundamentally limited by nutrient and water availability, the uptake of which is mediated by plant roots in terrestrial ecosystems. While tropical forests play a central role in global water, carbon, and nutrient cycling, we know very little about tradeoffs and synergies in root traits that respond to resource scarcity. Tropical trees face a unique set of resource limitations, with rock-derived nutrients and moisture seasonality governing many ecosystem functions, and nutrient versus water availability often separated spatially and temporally. Root traits that characterize biomass, depth distributions, production and phenology, morphology, physiology, chemistry, and symbiotic relationships can be predictive of plants’ capacities to access and acquire nutrients and water, with links to aboveground processes like transpiration, wood productivity, and leaf phenology. In this review, we identify an emerging trend in the literature that tropical fine root biomass and production in surface soils are greatest in infertile or sufficiently moist soils. We also identify interesting paradoxes in tropical forest root responses to changing resources that merit further exploration. For example, specific root length, which typically increases under resource scarcity to expand the volume of soil explored, instead can increase with greater base cation availability, both across natural tropical forest gradients and in fertilization experiments. Also, nutrient additions, rather than reducing mycorrhizal colonization of fine roots as might be expected, increased colonization rates under scenarios of water scarcity in some forests. Efforts to include fine root traits and functions in vegetation models have grown more sophisticated over time, yet there is a disconnect between the emphasis in models characterizing nutrient and water uptake rates and carbon costs versus the emphasis in field experiments on measuring root biomass, production, and morphology in response to changes in resource availability. Closer integration of field and modeling efforts could connect mechanistic investigation of fine-root dynamics to ecosystem-scale understanding of nutrient and water cycling, allowing us to better predict tropical forest-climate feedbacks. Published version The U.S. Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research (DOE-BER), Terrestrial Ecosystem Science program supported this research under Early Career Award Number DESC0015898 to DFC, and DE-SC0008317 and DE-SC0016188 to JF and the NGEE-Tropics program support for EA, CW, and DY. JF contributed in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, California Institute of Technology. NG-R was supported by the Dorothea Schlözer Postdoctoral Programme of the Georg-August-Universität Goettingen. The Royal Society Leverhulme Africa Postdoctoral Fellowships. Grant No. LAF\R1\180025 provided funding to SA-D. Amazon FACE/CAPES grant 88887.154643/2017-00 provided support for LL. The US National Science Foundation (DEB-2016678) funded MU. European Union Horizon 2020 under the Mari Skłodovska-Curie grant agreement (No. 847693, REWIRE) provided funding to LF. Data storage and some synthesis activities were supported as part of the Next Generation Ecosystem Experiments – Tropics, funded by DOE-BER. National Science Foundation Research Coordination Grant INCyTE: DEB-1754126 to investigate nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. United Kingdom Natural Environment Research Council (NE/M019497/1, NE/S009663/1) and The Leverhulme Trust supported SAB.
Published: 2021

13. Tetrodotoxins in French Bivalve Mollusks—Analytical Methodology, Environmental Dynamics and Screening of Bacterial Strain Collections

Author: Jean-Luc Rolland, Damien Réveillon, Julien Chevé, Eric Abadie, Dominique Hervio-Heath, Philipp Hess, Marie-Pierre Halm-Lemeille, Estelle Schaefer, Véronique Savar, Marie-Agnès Travers, Dynamiques des Écosystèmes Côtiers (DYNECO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire Environnement Ressource Bretagne Nord (LERBN), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources de Normandie (LERN), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Santé, Génétique et Microbiologie des Mollusques (SGMM), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biodiversité et Environnement de la Martinique (BIODIENV), Dynamiques de l'Environnement Côtier (DYNECO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Santé, Génétique et Microbiologie des Mollusques (IFREMER SG2M), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), and Biodiversité et Environnement (BIODIVENV)
Subjects: Veterinary medicine, seafood contamination, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Ruditapes, [SDV.TOX.TCA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Toxicology and food chain, Tetrodotoxin, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, Article, Matrix (chemical analysis), 03 medical and health sciences, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, emerging toxins, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Solid phase extraction, Crassostrea, TTXs, Shellfish, 030304 developmental biology, coastal contamination, REMI, 0303 health sciences, biology, 010401 analytical chemistry, Extraction (chemistry), Solid Phase Extraction, biology.organism_classification, 0104 chemical sciences, Bivalvia, Food Microbiology, REPHY, Medicine, France, Bay, Bacteria, coastal and seafood contamination, Chromatography, Liquid
Abstract: International audience; Tetrodotoxins (TTXs) are potentially lethal paralytic toxins that have been identified in European shellfish over recent years. Risk assessment has suggested comparatively low levels (44 µg TTX-equivalent/kg) but stresses the lack of data on occurrence. Both bacteria and dinoflagellates were suggested as possible biogenic sources, either from an endogenous or exogenous origin. We thus investigated TTXs in (i) 98 shellfish samples and (ii) 122 bacterial strains, isolated from French environments. We optimized a method based on mass spectrometry, using a single extraction step followed by ultrafiltration without Solid Phase Extraction and matrix-matched calibration for both shellfish and bacterial matrix. Limits of detection and quantification were 6.3 and 12.5 µg/kg for shellfish and 5.0 and 10 µg/kg for bacterial matrix, respectively. Even though bacterial matrix resulted in signal enhancement, no TTX analog was detected in any strain. Bivalves (either Crassostrea gigas or Ruditapes philippinarum) were surveyed in six French production areas over 2.5–3 month periods (2018–2019). Concentrations of TTX ranged from ‘not detected’ to a maximum of 32 µg/kg (Bay of Brest, 17 June 2019), with events lasting 2 weeks at maximum. While these results are in line with previous studies, they provide new data of TTX occurrence and confirm that the link between bacteria, bivalves and TTX is complex.
Published: 2021
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14. Prevalence and polymorphism of a mussel transmissible cancer in Europe

Author: Guillaume M. Charrière, Maryline Houssin, Maurine Hammel, John J. Welch, Christine Arbiol, Michael J. Metzger, Ismaël Bernard, Nicolas Bierne, Delphine Destoumieux-Garzón, E. A. V. Burioli, Antonio Villalba, Jean-Francois Pepin, Abdellah Benabdelmouna, Alexis Simon, Jean-Baptiste Lamy, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Center for Applied Medical Research [Plamplona] (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra [Pamplona] (UNAV), Universidad de Alcala, Spain, University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), LABÉO, Pôle d’analyses et de recherche de Normandie (LABÉO), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources des Pertuis Charentais (LERPC), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Santé, Génétique et Microbiologie des Mollusques (SGMM), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), SAS Eurêka Mer, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Pacific Northwest Research Institute (PNRI), ANR-18-CE35-0009,TRANSCAN,ECOLOGIE ET EVOLUTION DES CANCERS TRANSMISSIBLES(2018), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), CBET research group, Dept. of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PiE and Science and Technology Faculty, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources des Pertuis Charentais (LER/PC), Santé, Génétique et Microbiologie des Mollusques (IFREMER SG2M), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Hammel, Maurine [0000-0001-9937-5678], Simon, Alexis [0000-0002-6176-5045], Burioli, Erika AV [0000-0003-2666-9258], Pépin, Jean-François [0000-0001-8548-8938], Lamy, Jean-Baptiste [0000-0002-6078-0905], Bernard, Ismael [0000-0002-3666-7419], Charrière, Guillaume M [0000-0002-4796-1488], Destoumieux-Garzon, Delphine [0000-0002-8793-9138], Bierne, Nicolas [0000-0003-1856-3197], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Mytilus edulis, genetic chimerism, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Genetic analysis, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Rare Diseases, Dogs, Polymorphism (computer science), Neoplasms, Genotype, disseminated neoplasia, Genetics, Prevalence, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Animals, genetic polymorphism, Aetiology, Allele, Genotyping, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Cancer, 030304 developmental biology, Mytilus, Evolutionary Biology, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Biological Sciences, biology.organism_classification, Null allele, Mytilus sp, 3. Good health, Europe, mussels, Mytilus sp. mussels, transmissible cancer
Abstract: Transmissible cancers are parasitic malignant cell lineages that have acquired the ability to infect new hosts from the same species, or sometimes related species. First described in dogs and Tasmanian devils, transmissible cancers were later discovered in some marine bivalves affected by a leukaemia-like disease. In Mytilus mussels, two lineages of bivalve transmissible neoplasia (BTN) have been described to date (MtrBTN1 and MtrBTN2), both of which emerged in a Mytilus trossulus founder individual. Here, we performed extensive screening of genetic chimerism, a hallmark of transmissible cancer, by genotyping 106single nucleotide polymorphisms of 5,907 European Mytilus mussels. Genetic analysis allowed us to simultaneously obtain the genotype of hosts - Mytilus edulis, M.galloprovincialis or hybrids - and the genotype of tumours of heavily infected individuals. In addition, a subset of 222 individuals were systematically genotyped and analysed by histology to screen for possible nontransmissible cancers. We detected MtrBTN2 at low prevalence in M. edulis, and also in M.galloprovincialis and hybrids although at a much lower prevalence. No MtrBTN1 or new BTN were found, but eight individuals with nontransmissible neoplasia were observed at a single polluted site on the same sampling date. We observed a diversity of MtrBTN2genotypes that appeared more introgressed or more ancestral than MtrBTN1 and reference healthy M.trossulus individuals. The observed polymorphism is probably due to somatic null alleles caused by structural variations or point mutations in primer-binding sites leading to enhanced detection of the host alleles. Despite low prevalence, two sublineages divergent by 10% fixed somatic null alleles and one nonsynonymous mtCOI (mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I) substitution are cospreading in the same geographical area, suggesting a complex diversification of MtrBTN2since its emergence and host species shift.
Published: 2021

15. Sediment archives reveal irreversible shifts in plankton communities after World War II and agricultural pollution

Author: Nicolas Briant, Véronique Loizeau, Kenneth Neil Mertens, Clément Lambert, Laure Quintric, Cyril Noël, Patrick Durand, Marie Latimier, Raffaele Siano, Sabine Schmidt, Pierre Cuzin, Malwenn Lassudrie, Aurélie Penaud, Axel Ehrhold, Julien Quere, Unité Dyneco, Laboratoire Pelagos, Dynamiques de l'Environnement Côtier (DYNECO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Bretagne Occidentale (LER-BO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire Biogéochimie des Contaminants Métalliques (LBCM), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre atlantique, Nantes, Biogéochimie des contaminants organiques (LBCO), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche Géosciences Marines (Ifremer) (GM), IFREMER-Concarneau, Laboratoire Géosciences Océan (LGO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Pélagique (PELAGOS), Dynamiques des Écosystèmes Côtiers (DYNECO), Laboratoire Environnement Ressource de Bretagne Occidentale (LERBO), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Biogéochimie et Ecotoxicologie (BE), Laboratoire Biogéochimie des Contaminants Organiques (LBCO), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Géosciences Marines (GM), Laboratoire Environnement Ressource Bretagne Nord (LERBN), and Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Geologic Sediments, World War II, Agricultural pollution, Biodiversity, Biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Humans, Marine ecosystem, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Retrospective Studies, Ecology, 15. Life on land, Plankton, 030104 developmental biology, Ancient DNA, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Dinoflagellida, Paleoecology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Bay, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: To evaluate the stability and resilience1 of coastal ecosystem communities to perturbations that occurred during the Anthropocene,2 pre-industrial biodiversity baselines inferred from paleoarchives are needed.3,4 The study of ancient DNA (aDNA) from sediments (sedaDNA)5 has provided valuable information about past dynamics of microbial species6, 7, 8 and communities9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 in relation to ecosystem variations. Shifts in planktonic protist communities might significantly affect marine ecosystems through cascading effects,19, 20, 21 and therefore the analysis of this compartment is essential for the assessment of ecosystem variations. Here, sediment cores collected from different sites of the Bay of Brest (northeast Atlantic, France) allowed ca. 1,400 years of retrospective analyses of the effects of human pollution on marine protists. Comparison of sedaDNA extractions and metabarcoding analyses with different barcode regions (V4 and V7 18S rDNA) revealed that protist assemblages in ancient sediments are mainly composed of species known to produce resting stages. Heavy-metal pollution traces in sediments were ascribed to the World War II period and coincided with community shifts within dinoflagellates and stramenopiles. After the war and especially from the 1980s to 1990s, protist genera shifts followed chronic contaminations of agricultural origin. Community composition reconstruction over time showed that there was no recovery to a Middle Ages baseline composition. This demonstrates the irreversibility of the observed shifts after the cumulative effect of war and agricultural pollutions. Developing a paleoecological approach, this study highlights how human contaminations irreversibly affect marine microbial compartments, which contributes to the debate on coastal ecosystem preservation and restoration.
Published: 2021

16. Population Genomics and Lagrangian Modeling Shed Light on Dispersal Events in the Mediterranean Endemic Ericaria zosteroides (=Cystoseira zosteroides) (Fucales)

Author: Reynes, Lauric, Aurelle, Didier, Chevalier, Cristele, Pinazo, Christel, Valero, Myriam, Mauger, Stéphane, Sartoretto, Stéphane, Blanfuné, A., Ruitton, Sandrine, Boudouresque, Charles, Verlaque, Marc, Thibaut, Thierry, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae (EBEA), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Universidad Austral de Chile-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IFREMER - Laboratoire Provence Azur Corse, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Biologie évolutive et écologie des algues = Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae (EBEA), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Provence Azur Corse (LERPAC), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), and ANR-18-CE32-0001,Clonix2D,Les conséquences génétiques de reproduction partiellement clonale dans les populations colonisant de nouveaux territoires(2018)
Subjects: population genomics, connectivity, marine forest, Fucales, Mediterranean, dispersal, gene flow, Lagrangian modelling, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography
Abstract: International audience; Dispersal is a central process that affects population growth, gene flow, and ultimately species persistence. Here we investigate the extent to which gene flow occurs between fragmented populations of the deep-water brown algae Ericaria zosteroides (Turner) Greville (Sargassaceae, Fucales). These investigations were performed at different spatial scales from the bay of Marseille (western Provence) to Corsica. As dispersal of zygotes is shown to be limited over distances beyond a few meters, we used a multidisciplinary approach, based on Lagrangian modeling and population genomics to test the hypothesis that drifting of fertile parts of thallus (eggs on fertile branches), mediated by ocean currents, enable occasional gene flow between populations. Therefore we assessed the respective contribution of oceanographic connectivity, geographical isolation, and seawater temperatures to the genetic structure of this species. The genetic structure was assessed using 10,755 neutral SNPs and 12 outlier SNPs genotyped by dd-RAD sequencing in 261 individuals of E. zosteroides. We find that oceanographic connectivity is the best predictor of genetic structure, while differentiation in outlier SNPs can be explained by the depth of populations, as emphasized by the minimum seawater temperature predictor. However, further investigations will be necessary for clarifying how depth drives adaptive genetic differentiation in E. zosteroides. Our analyses revealed that local hydrodynamic conditions are correlated with the very high divergence of one population in the Bay of Marseille. Overall, the levels of gene flow mediated by drifting were certainly not sufficient to counteract differentiation by local genetic drift, but enough to allow colonization several kilometers away. This study stresses the need to consider secondary dispersal mechanisms of presumed low dispersal marine species to improve inference of population connectivity.
Published: 2021

17. From seascape ecology to population genomics and back. Spatial and ecological differentiation among cryptic species of the red algae Lithophyllum stictiforme/L. cabiochiae, main bioconstructors of coralligenous habitats

Author: Zinovia Erga, Dorian Guillemain, Stéphane Sartoretto, Line Le Gall, Jean-Pierre Féral, Anne Haguenauer, Romain David, Aurélien De Jode, Caroline Rocher, Marjorie Selva, Abigail E. Cahill, Anne Chenuil, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Provence Azur Corse (LERPAC), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Systématique, adaptation, évolution (SAE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Project: 308392,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2012-two-stage,DEVOTES(2012), European Project: CIGESMED (SeasEra project, FP7), IFREMER - Laboratoire Provence Azur Corse, and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Species complex, Coralligenous habitats, Ecological niche, Biodiversity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Species Specificity, Mediterranean Sea, Genetics, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Molecular Biology, Ecosystem, Phylogeny, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Principal Component Analysis, biology, Ecology, Genetic Variation, Coralline algae, Species diversity, 15. Life on land, Anthozoa, biology.organism_classification, Genetics, Population, 030104 developmental biology, Haplotypes, Habitat, 13. Climate action, Rhodophyta, Engineering species, Cryptic species, Metagenomics, Lithophyllum, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Crustose, Ecological differentiation, Crustose Coralline Algae
Abstract: International audience; Ecosystem engineering species alter the physical structure of their environment and can create or modify habitats , having a massive impact on local biodiversity. Coralligenous reefs are highly diverse habitats endemic to the Mediterranean Sea built by calcareous benthic organisms among which Crustose Coralline Algae are the main engineering species. We analyzed the diversity of Lithophyllum stictiforme or L. cabiochiae in coralligenous habitats combining a multiple barcode and a population genomics approach with seascape features. Population genomics allowed disentangling pure spatial effects from environmental effects. We found that these taxa form a complex of eight highly divergent cryptic species that are easily identifiable using classic barcode markers (psbA, LSU, COI). Three factors have a significant effect on the relative abundances of these cryptic species: the location along the French Mediterranean coast, depth and Photosynthetic Active Radiation (PAR). The analysis of around 5000 SNPs for the most abundant species revealed genetic differentiation among localities in the Bay of Marseille but no differentiation between depths within locality. Thus, the effect of depth and PAR on cryptic species communities is not a consequence of restricted connectivity but rather due to differential settlement or survival among cryptic species. This differential is more likely driven by irradiance levels rather than by pressure or temperature. Both the genetic and species diversity patterns are congruent with the main patterns of currents in the Bay. Ecological differentiation among these engineering cryptic species, sensitive to ocean warming and acidification, could have important consequences on the diversity and structure of the coralligenous communities .
Published: 2019

18. Changes in planktonic microbial components in interaction with juvenile oysters during a mortality episode in the Thau lagoon (France)

Author: Behzad Mostajir, Marion Richard, Charles Vanhuysse, Serge Mortreux, Béatrice Bec, Valerie Derolez, Jocelyne Oheix, Jean Luc Rolland, Patrick Le Gall, Vincent Ouisse, Sébastien Mas, Franck Lagarde, David Parin, Annie Fiandrino, Myriam D. Callier, Gregory Messiaen, Camila Chantalat, Martine Fortune, E. Hatey, Anaïs Degut, Dominique Munaron, Emmanuelle Roque D'Orbcastel, Laboratoire d'Informatique Médicale et Ingénierie des Connaissances en e-Santé (LIMICS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Centre d'Ecologie marine expérimentale (MEDIMEER), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources (LER-LR), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Station expérimentale de Palavas les Flots, Laboratoire Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Morbihan Pays de Loire (LER/MPL), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Languedoc Roussillon (LERLR), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Morbihan Pays de Loire (LERMPL)
Subjects: Spat, Oyster, animal structures, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Zoology, Aquatic Science, 03 medical and health sciences, Heterotrophic flagellates, Aquaculture, biology.animal, Juvenile, 14. Life underwater, Mortality, Picoplankton, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Shellfish, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Ciliates, biology, business.industry, Balanion, fungi, food and beverages, Pelagic zone, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Pacific oyster, equipment and supplies, biology.organism_classification, Magallana gigas, Uronema, OsHV-1 mu Var, Crassostrea gigas, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040102 fisheries, bacteria, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Crassostrea, business
Abstract: Oysters modify the planktonic microbial community structure by their filtration and NH4 excretion activities. While many studies have been conducted on this subject with adult oysters, none had been carried out in situ with juveniles. Pacific oyster juveniles (Magallana gigas, previously Crassostrea gigas) died massively all over the world since 2008 in relation with OsHV-1 infection. During mortality episodes, sick and dead oysters are not separated from healthy live ones, and left to decay in the surrounding environment, with unknown consequences for the nutrient cycle and planktonic microbial components (PMC). The present study aimed to elucidate for the first time the interactions between oyster juveniles and PMC during a mortality episode. Innovative 425-L pelagic chambers were deployed weekly in situ around oyster lanterns along a stocking-density gradient in the Thau Mediterranean lagoon (France) before, during and after an oyster mortality episode, from April to May 2015. This study reveals (i) significant changes of planktonic microbial community structure during mortality episodes, with a proliferation of picoplankton (
Published: 2019

19. Re-oligotrophication trajectories of macrophyte assemblages in Mediterranean coastal lagoons based on 17-year time-series

Author: Monique Simier, Martin Plus, Vincent Ouisse, Nathalie Malet, Jocelyne Oheix, R. De Wit, Valerie Derolez, I. Le Fur, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Ecosystèmes lagunaires : organisation biologique et fonctionnement (ECOLAG), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Dyneco, Laboratoire Pelagos, Dynamiques de l'Environnement Côtier (DYNECO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), IFREMER LER/LR, Avenue Jean Monnet, BP 171, 34203 Sète Cedex, France, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Pélagique (PELAGOS), Dynamiques des Écosystèmes Côtiers (DYNECO), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Languedoc Roussillon (LERLR), and LITTORAL (LITTORAL)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Submerged aquatic vegetation, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Long-term data series, Regime shift, Recovery, Nutrient reduction, 14. Life underwater, Resilience (network), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Series (stratigraphy), Resilience, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 15. Life on land, Coastal lagoon, Macrophyte, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Restoration, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science
Abstract: Since the mid-20th century, Mediterranean lagoons have been affected by eutrophication, leading to significant changes in primary producers. In the early 2000s, management actions have been implemented to reduce nutrient inputs with the aim to achieve a good ecological status as requested by the EU water framework directive. As a result of these actions, a sharp decline in nutrient loads has been recorded in several lagoons leading to an oligotrophication of the water column. The analyses of a long-term data set (1998-2015) of 21 polyhaline and euhaline lagoons with contrasting trophic status allowed us to infer a general scheme for the changes in macrophyte assemblages during the oligotrophication process. Placing hypertrophic and oligotrophic conditions end to end, we inferred that the general pattern for the re-oligotrophication trajectory in Mediterranean coastal lagoons is described by the following sequence, with regime shifts between each state: (1) bare non-vegetated sediments, phytoplankton-dominated state; (2) opportunistic macroalgae; (3) seagrass and perennial macroalgae dominated state. However, we did not observe the latter regime shift for the most eutrophicated lagoons, which, so far, remained stuck in the opportunistic macroalgae state. So far, the shift from dominance of opportunistic macroalgae to a system dominated by seagrasses was only observed in a single lagoon where seagrasses had never completely disappeared, which possibly relates to resilience. More generally, the conditions favoring regime shifts from opportunistic macroalgae to seagrasses are still poorly understood. In conclusion, we describe a generic pattern for re-oligotrophication of Mediterranean coastal lagoons, although a full recovery from highly eutrophied to oligotrophic conditions may require more than a decade and may include conditions that remain so far poorly recognized.
Published: 2019

20. Intertidal ecosystem engineer species promote benthic-pelagic coupling and diversify trophic pathways

Author: Nicolas Desroy, Stanislas F. Dubois, Jérôme Fournier, Auriane G. Jones, Dynamiques de l'Environnement Côtier (DYNECO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Bretagne Occidentale (LER-BO), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station de Biologie Marine de Concarneau, Direction générale déléguée à la Recherche, à l’Expertise, à la Valorisation et à l’Enseignement-Formation (DGD.REVE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Interdisciplinary Graduate School for the Blue planet, ANR-17-EURE-0015,ISBlue,Interdisciplinary Graduate School for the Blue planet(2017), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Dynamiques des Écosystèmes Côtiers (DYNECO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Laboratoire Environnement Ressource de Bretagne Occidentale (LERBO), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Suspension-feeding, Aquatic Science, Intertidal ecology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Gardening hypothesis, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Trophic level, Stable isotopes, Ecology, Stable isotope ratio, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Microphytobenthos, Pelagic zone, Food web, Habitat modifier, 15. Life on land, Coupling (computer programming), Non-trophic interactions, Benthic zone, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science
Abstract: Ecosystem engineering is a ubiquitous process by which the biological activity of a species shapes habitat diversity and often creates local biodiversity hotspots. The honeycomb-worm Sabellaria alveolata, an intertidal ecosystem engineer, actively builds reefs across Europe by aggregating sand. Here, we used carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions measured on basal resources and bentho-demersal consumers (fish, mega- and macroinvertebrates) to empirically investigate how non-trophic interactions (ecosystem engineering) modify food web structure and functioning. Three sediment types corresponding to different substrata and species assemblages were sampled: a control soft sediment (medium to muddy sand, before the establishment of S. alveolata), the sediment engineered by S. alveolata (hardened 3D structures), and the soft sediment under the influence of S. alveolata (associated sediment). Using consumer community isotopic biplots (biomass-weighted), niche metrics (standard ellipse area), and mixing models, we found that S. alveolata, through the physical structure it creates, the stimulation of basal resources (microphytobenthos and Ulva), and the diversification of suspension-feeding species, promotes benthic-pelagic coupling and a habitat-wide form of ‘gardening,’ which further leads to trophic pathway diversification and limits trophic competition between the engineer species and associated suspension-feeders. Furthermore, our results help to refine the definition of S. alveolata reefs as the sum of the engineered and associated sediments since they are part of a single reef food web coupled by the stimulated basal resources and consumers. Finally, the non-trophic and trophic interactions mediated by S. alveolata and the associated macrofauna seem to promote the establishment of a temporally stable and probably highly resilient reef habitat.
Published: 2021

21. Fiches descriptives des biocénoses benthiques de Méditerranée

Author: La Rivière, M., Michez, N., Delavenne, J., Andres, S., Frejefond, C., Janson, A.L., Abadie, A., Amouroux, J.M., Bellan, Gérard, Bellan-Santini, Denise, Chevaldonné, Pierre, Cimiterra, N., Derolez, V., Fernez, T, Frisoni, G.F., Grillas, P., J.G., Harmelin, Jordana, E., Klesczewski, M., Labrune, C., Mouronval, J.B., Ouisse, V, Palomba, Laura, Vanina, Pasqualini, Pelaprat, C., Pergent, Gérard, Sartoretto, Stéphane, Thibaut, Thierry, Vacelet, Jean, Verlaque, Marc, Patrimoine naturel (PatriNat), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Laboratoire Ressources halieutiques, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire d'océanographie biologique de Banyuls (LOBB), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Languedoc Roussillon (LERLR), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Conservatoire Botanique National du Bassin Parisien (CBNBP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Aménagements littoraux et Aquaculture (UR ALMO), Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), Diversité, évolution et écologie fonctionnelle marine (DIMAR), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sciences pour l'environnement (SPE), Université Pascal Paoli (UPP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station de Recherche Océanographiques et sous-marines (STARESO ), Stareso, Pointe Revellata, BP 33, 20260 Calvi, France, Fédération de recherche Environnement et Société (FRES 3041), Université Pascal Paoli (UPP), and Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Provence Azur Corse (LERPAC)
Subjects: [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

22. Extending community trajectory analysis: New metrics and representation

Author: Nicolas Desroy, Martina Sánchez-Pinillos, M. De Cáceres, P. Le Mao, Gauthier Schaal, A. Ponsero, A. Sturbois, Olivier Gauthier, VivArmor Nature, Réserve Naturelle Nationale Baie St-Brieuc, Réserves Naturelles de France-Réserves Naturelles de France, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement Ressource Bretagne Nord (LERBN), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Joint Research Unit CTFC – AGROTECNIO, Solsona, Spain, Centre for Forest Research (CEF), Department of Chemistry, University of Québec in Montréal, Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick (UNB), Centre De Recherche et d'Enseignement sur les Systèmes Côtiers (CRESCO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Initial state, Computer science, Impact assessment, Trajectory analysis, Space (commercial competition), Machine learning, computer.software_genre, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecological variability, EU-FEAMP 621-B, Baseline (configuration management), Set (psychology), UBO, Community dynamics, Complement (set theory), business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ecological Modeling, ACL, Representation (systemics), 15. Life on land, Toolbox, Complementarity (molecular biology), DISCOVERY, Trajectory, Artificial intelligence, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, computer, Representation tools
Abstract: WOS:000614806200005; Ecological research focuses on the spatio-temporal patterns of ecosystems and communities. The recently proposed framework of Community Trajectory Analysis considers community dynamics as trajectories in a chosen space of community resemblance and utilizes geometrical properties of trajectories to compare and analyse temporal changes. Here, we extend the initial framework, which focused on consecutive trajectory segments, by considering additional metrics with respect to initial or baseline states. Addressing questions about community dynamics and more generally temporal and spatial ecological variability requires synthetic and efficient modes of representation. Hence, we propose a set of innovative maps, charts and trajectory roses to represent trajectory properties and complement the panel of traditional modes of representation used in community ecology. We use four case studies to highlight the complementarity and the ability of the new metrics and innovative figures to illustrate ecological trajectories and to facilitate their interpretation. Finally, we encourage ecologists skilled in multivariate analysis to integrate CTA into their toolbox in order to quantitatively evaluate spatio-temporal changes.
Published: 2021

23. La pollution plastique en estuaire de Seine : imprégnation environnementale, dynamique et impact sur le vivant

Author: Cédric Fisson, Cachot, J., Johnny Gasperi, Halm-Lemeille, M. P., Bruno Tassin, Romain Tramoy, Cadic, Ifsttar, Groupement d’Intérêt Public Seine-Aval (GIP-Seine-Aval), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eau et Environnement (GERS-LEE ), Université Gustave Eiffel, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources de Normandie (LERN), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)
Subjects: [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, MICROPLASTIQUE, [SDE] Environmental Sciences, POLLUTION DES EAUX, [SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, ESTUAIRE DE SEINE, SEINE, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ESTUAIRE, MICROPLASTIQUES, POLLUTION PLASTIQUES, PLASTIQUE
Abstract: Le fascicule 3.7 « La pollution plastique en estuaire de Seine : dynamique, imprégnation environnementale et impact sur le vivant » propose une synthèse des travaux scientifiques menés ces dernières années sur la pollution micro et macroplastiques de l'estuaire de la Seine et une mise en perspective vis-à-vis d'autres acquisitions de données. Il s'attache à répondre aux questionnements suivants : Quelle est le niveau de pollution plastique, des larges débris jusqu'aux microplastiques, dans les différents compartiments environnementaux de l'estuaire de la Seine, à savoir les berges, la colonne d'eau, les fonds sédimentaires et les organismes aquatiques ? Quelles sont les dynamiques qui régissent le comportement des débris plastiques dans l'estuaire de la seine ? Quels sont les impacts des débris plastiques sur la faune aquatique de l'estuaire de la Seine ?
Published: 2021

24. Compte rendu de l'atelier national « espèces non indigènes » (ENI), 14.10.2021, MNHN Paris

Author: Antajan, Elvire, Auby, Isabelle, Bernard, Guillaume, Bouchet, Vincent, Burel, Thomas, Charmasson, Julie, Curd, Amelia, Dauvin, Jean-Claude, Delaquaize, François, Duron, Noémie, Gouillieux, Benoît, Goulletquer, Philippe, Guérin, Laurent, Humbert, Suzie, Janson, Anne-Laure, Jourde, Jérôme, Lavesque, Nicolas, Duff, Michel Le, Garrec, Vincent Le, Lizinska, Anna, Massé, Cécile, Nowaczyk, Antoine, Pepin, Jean-François, Pezy, Jean-Philippe, Pisanu, Benoît, Quemmerais, Frédéric, Raybaud, Virgine, Rignault, Océane, Sarat, Emmanuelle, Serranito, Bruno, Souquière, Anne, Spilmont, Nicolas, Thibault, Delphine, Viard, Frédérique, Vincent, Dorothée, Zanuttini, Cyrielle, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Benthique Côtière (LEBCO), Dynamiques des Écosystèmes Côtiers (DYNECO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Patrimoine naturel (PatriNat), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources des Pertuis Charentais (LERPC), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Ecology and Conservation Science for Sustainable Seas (ECOSEAS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), PatriNat (OFB-CNRS-MNHN), Ifremer, and EPOC
Subjects: [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Published: 2021

25. Suivi événementiel des flux de MES à la station MesuRho

Author: Ivane Pairaud, romaric verney, Repecaud, Michel, Ravel, Christophe, Morandi, Bertrand, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la MER, Centre de La Seyne (IFREMER), Observatoire des Sédiments du Rhône, Plan Rhône, IFREMER, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamique Hydro-sédimentaire (DHYSED), Dynamiques des Écosystèmes Côtiers (DYNECO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire Détection Capteurs et Mesure (LDCM), Recherches et Développements Technologiques (RDT), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Provence Azur Corse (LERPAC), and LITTORAL (LITTORAL)
Subjects: MesuRho, [SDE] Environmental Sciences, OSR, hydro-sédimentaire, Rhône, crue, tempête, delta, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [CHIM] Chemical Sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, turbidité, courant
Abstract: La station COAST-HF MESURHO permet d’observer la variabilité hydrologique et hydro-sédimentaire à proximité de l’embouchure du Rhône, en étant positionnée au sud-est du prodelta, à approximativement 17m de profondeur, s’appuyant sur une BFI des Phares et Balises. La station est équipée de sondes multiparamètres en sub-surface (-2m) et à 2m au-dessus du fond, mesurant notamment la température, la salinité et la turbidité. Elle bénéficie également du déploiement d’un ADCP600kHz Sentinel RDI, positionné à proximité de la BFI, et mesurant les paramètres de vagues et le profil vertical de courant et d’intensité acoustique rétrodiffusée sur l’ensemble de la colonne d’eau. Dans le cadre de l’OSR5, les mesures acoustiques de l’ADCP ont été utilisées pour estimer la concentration en matières en suspension à MesuRho. Pour les calibrer, ces mesures ont été couplées à des mesures optiques de turbidité et des mesures satellitales. La dynamique des concentrations en MES à l’embouchure du Rhône est contrôlée par les apports en provenance du bassin versant, avec des concentrations qui atteignent leur maximum en période de crue, dépassant 10mg/l pour des débits supérieurs à 2000m3/s, et pouvant atteindre 50mg/l. Le rôle des crues et des tempêtes a pu être étudié. Enfin, entre 2010 et 2019, une accrétion de plus de 2m est observée à la station MESURHO.
Published: 2021

26. Despite great expectations in the Seine River Basin, the WFD did not reduce diffuse pollution

Author: Gabrielle Bouleau, Rémi Barbier, Marie-Pierre Halm-Lemeille, Bruno Tassin, Arnaud Buchs, Florence Habets, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Sciences, Innovations, Sociétés (LISIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Gustave Eiffel, École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES), Laboratoire Ressources halieutiques Boulogne sur mer (LRHBL), Halieutique Manche Mer du Nord (HMMN), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC), Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble (IEPG ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble (GAEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire Ressources halieutiques Manche Mer du nord, IFREMER Centre Manche Mer du Nord, (HMMN), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources de Normandie (LERN), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL)
Subjects: Regulatory space, lcsh:Hydraulic engineering, regulatory space, Diffuse pollution, WFD, output legitimacy, Policy implementation, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, policy implementation, Output legitimacy, Intensive agriculture, intensive agriculture, lcsh:TC1-978, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, France, Seine River Basin
Abstract: International audience; European stakeholders engaged in combatting the eutrophication of the North Sea welcomed three Water Framework Directive innovations: a more holistic approach to quality, the binding nature of WFD objectives, and greater public participation. Twenty years later, however, there has been a disappointing amount of progress in the reduction of diffuse pollution. In the Seine River Basin, the amount of livestock rearing is low; yet the basin is subject to significant diffuse pollution due to agriculture. This paper reports our study of this case; we examine the literature on WFD implementation policy in order to identify the physical and social causes of this failure to reduce diffuse pollution. We show that the nitrates, phosphorus, and pesticides that affect ground, surface and marine waters are attributable to structural changes in agricultural production rather than to inefficient farming practices. We describe how a series of instruments that were designed to combat the diffuse agricultural origins of pollutants have had little effect. We identify the main obstacles to improvement as being the dispersion of the targeted public and the dispersion of benefits, given the current nature of legitimacy in the European Union. This case illustrates the fact that intensive agricultural production has an impact on water quality far beyond the problem of excess manure from livestock production.
Published: 2020

27. A study of trophic structure, physiological condition and mercury biomagnification in swordfish (Xiphias gladius): Evidence of unfavourable conditions for the swordfish population in the Western Mediterranean

Author: Sebastián Biton-Porsmoguer, Daniela Bănaru, Mireille Harmelin-Vivien, Philippe Béarez, Marc Bouchoucha, Françoise Marco-Miralles, Montse Marquès, Josep Lloret, Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Universitat de Girona (UdG), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Provence Azur Corse (LERPAC), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), and Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili
Subjects: Fishes, Fisheries, Mercury, Catalan Sea, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Bioaccumulation, Pollution, Perciformes, Swordfish, Seafood, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Animals, Condition, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Biomagnification
Abstract: International audience; Studies integrating trophic ecology, physiological condition and accumulation of heavy metals in top predators, such as swordfish, are needed to better understand the links between them and the risk to humans associated with consumption of these fish. This research focuses on the swordfish of the Catalan Sea and follows a multi method approach that considers their diet, their liver lipid content, and mercury accumulation in their bodies as well as in their prey. The aim is to highlight the links between trophic ecology, physiology (fish condition), and ecotoxicology. Results indicate that poor condition of swordfish based on size and the levels of lipid in the liver, and the high Hg levels accumulated to the trophic web (particularly from cephalopods) may indicate potential unfavourable feeding and reproduction conditions for swordfish in the NW Mediterranean and that this warrants further investigation.
Published: 2022

28. Phytoplankton distribution from Western to Central English Channel, revealed by automated flow cytometry during the summer-fall transition

Author: Fabrice Lizon, Luis Felipe Artigas, François G. Schmitt, A. Louchart, Alain Lefebvre, Morgane Didry, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement et Ressources de Boulogne-sur-mer, IFREMER, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement et Ressources de Boulogne-sur-Mer (LERBL), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), and Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Water mass, Chlorophyll a, Automated flow cytometry, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Spatial distribution, 01 natural sciences, Mesoscale structure, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, fronts, Phytoplankton, Fronts, High resolution, 14. Life underwater, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], Turbidity, [PHYS.COND.CM-SM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Statistical Mechanics [cond-mat.stat-mech], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Phytoplankton distribution, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, English Channel, geography.geographical_feature_category, high resolution, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Geology, Estuary, phytoplankton distribution, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Spatial heterogeneity, chemistry, automated flow cytometry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [NLIN.NLIN-CD]Nonlinear Sciences [physics]/Chaotic Dynamics [nlin.CD], Environmental science, mesoscale structure, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Bay, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-DATA-AN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability [physics.data-an], [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: International audience; Automated pulse shape-recording flow cytometry was applied to address phytoplankton spatial distribution, at high frequency, in stratified and well mixed water masses in the Western and Central English Channel during the summer-fall transition. Cytometric pulse shapes derived from optical features of single cells allowed the characterization of eight phytoplankton groups. Abundance and total red fluorescence (chlorophyll a autofluorescence) per group were used to define six phytoplankton communities. Their distribution revealed high spatial heterogeneity. Abundance presented a longitudinal gradient for six over the eight groups and succession of brutal shifts along the cruise. Maximum values were often located near the Ushant front in the Western English Channel. A latitudinal gradient characterised the Central English Channel waters under the influence of the Seine estuary. Picophytoplankton (Synechococcus-like cells and picoeukaryotes) represented up to 96% of total abundance and half of the total red fluorescence of the communities near the main front and the Bay of Seine, whereas nanoeukaryotes and microphytoplankton, represented only 4% and less than 1% respectively of total abundance. Both nanoeukaryotes and microphytoplankton dominated the total red fluorescence of the communities of the Central English Channel. The study of traits within each group showed a high variability of traits between communities. The comparison between traits showed that they were independent from each other for some groups (size and red fluorescence per cell for PicoHighFLR and Coccolithophore-like cells; orange and red fluorescence for all the groups), whereas they were dependent for other groups (red fluorescence per cell was dependent of size for picophytoplankton, NanoLowFLR, NanoHighFLR, Cryptophyte-like cells and Microphytoplankton). Variance partitioning revealed that the environmental parameters (temperature, salinity and turbidity) accounted less than spatial descriptors (physical and biological processes) in shaping the communities. Hydrological structures (frontal structures, eddies and tidal streams) were responsible for patches of phytoplankton and defined the structure at the sub-mesoscale (1–10 km) in this area.
Published: 2020

29. Impact of magnetic fields generated by AC/DC submarine power cables on the behavior of juvenile European lobster (Homarus garnmarus)

Author: Bastien Taormina, Florian Freytet, Rosa H. Escobar-Lux, Carole Di Poi, Nicolas Desroy, Jean-François D’eu, Caroline M. F. Durif, Ann-Lisbeth Agnalt, Antoine Carlier, France Energies Marines [Brest], Dynamiques des Écosystèmes Côtiers (DYNECO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB), Laboratoire Environnement Ressource Bretagne Nord (LERBN), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Austevoll Research Station (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Dynamiques de l'Environnement Côtier (DYNECO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne)
Subjects: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Anthropogenic impact, Video Recording, Context (language use), 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Submarine power cable, 01 natural sciences, orientation, 03 medical and health sciences, Homing Behavior, Homarus gammarus, Avoidance Learning, Animals, Juvenile, cancer, crab, 14. Life underwater, atlantic spiny lobster, electromagnetic-fields, navigation, Ships, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 0303 health sciences, Behavior, Behavior, Animal, biology, ACL, potential impacts, Submarine, Marine invertebrates, Models, Theoretical, biology.organism_classification, mortality, Life stage, Nephropidae, Magnetic field, Europe, Magnetic Fields, Oceanography, exposure, Exploratory Behavior, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: WOS:000517853700004; The number of submarine power cables using either direct or alternating current is expected to increase drastically in coming decades. Data concerning the impact of magnetic fields generated by these cables on marine invertebrates are scarce. In this context, the aim of this study was to explore the potential impact of anthropogenic static and time-varying magnetic fields on the behavior of recently settled juvenile European lobsters (Homarus gammarus) using two different behavioral assays. Day-light conditions were used to stimulate the sheltering behavior and facilitate the video tracking. We showed that juvenile lobsters did not exhibit any change of behavior when submitted to an artificial magnetic field gradient (maximum intensity of 200 mu T) compared to non-exposed lobsters in the ambient magnetic field. Additionally, no influence was noted on either the lobsters' ability to find shelter or modified their exploratory behavior after one week of exposure to anthropogenic magnetic fields (225 +/- 5 mu T) which remained similar to those observed in control individuals. It appears that static and time-varying anthropogenic magnetic fields, at these intensities, do not significantly impact the behavior of juvenile European lobsters in daylight conditions. Nevertheless, to form a complete picture for this biological model, further studies are needed on the other life stages as they may respond differently.
Published: 2020

30. Fifty years of ecological changes: Regime shifts and drivers in a coastal Mediterranean lagoon during oligotrophication

Author: Franck Lagarde, Catherine Aliaume, Nathalie Malet, Marion Richard, Vincent Ouisse, Béatrice Bec, Valerie Derolez, Annie Fiandrino, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Provence Azur Corse (LERPAC), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), IFREMER - Laboratoire Provence Azur Corse, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and CCSD, Accord Elsevier
Subjects: Time Factors, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Context (language use), 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Anoxia, Environmental Chemistry, Dominance (ecology), Climate change, Regime shift, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Shellfish, biology, Resilience, Ecology, Thau, Pelagic zone, 15. Life on land, Eutrophication, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, 6. Clean water, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Seagrass, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, Environmental science, Seasons, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: WOS:000540002100014; International audience; Thau lagoon is a large Mediterranean coastal lagoons and it supports traditional shellfish farming activities. It has been subject to eutrophication leading to major anoxic events associated with massive mortalities of shellfish stocks. Since the 1970s, improvements have been made to wastewater treatment systems, which have gradually led to oligotrophication of the lagoon. The aim of our study was to determine how the decrease in nutrient inputs resulted in major ecological changes in Thau lagoon, by analysing five decades of time-series (1970–2018) of observations on pelagic and benthic autotrophic communities. We were able to identify two periods during the oligotrophication process. Period 1 (1970–1992) was considered a eutrophic period, characterised by the shift from seagrass dominance to dominance of red macroalgae. Period 2 (1993–2018), characterised by improved eutrophication status, was further divided into three: a transition phase (1993–2003) during which the water column continued to recover but the benthic community lagged behind in recovery and in partial resilience; a regime shift (2003–2006), after which the water column became oligotrophic and seagrass began to recover (2007–2018). Considering anoxia crises as indicators of ecosystem resilience and resistance, we used a generalised linear model to analyse meteorological and environmental data with the aim of identifying the triggers of summer anoxia over the study period. Among the meteorological variables studied, air temperature had the strongest positive effect, followed by the period and wind intensity (both negative effects) and by rainfall in July (positive effect). The risk of triggering anoxia was lower in period 2, evidence for the increasing resistance of the ecosystem to climatic stress throughout the oligotrophication process. At the ecosystem scale and in the long term perspective, the ecological gains related to oligotrophication are especially important in the context of climate change, with more frequent and severe heat waves predicted.
Published: 2020

31. Coralligenous assemblages along their geographical distribution: Testing of concepts and implications for management

Author: Jean-Pierre Féral, Anne Chenuil, Thanos Dailianis, Deniz Erdoğan-Dereli, Senem Önen, Ergün Taşkın, Alper Evcen, Ertan Dagli, Ferah Koçak, Veysel Aysel, Melina Nalmpantı, Kerem Bakir, Sermin Açik, Yannis Issaris, Alper Doğan, Mesut Önen, Fevzi Kirkim, Neslihan Türkçü, Bilal Öztürk, Özge Özgen, Charalampos Dimitriadis, Romain David, Tuncer Katağan, Maria Salomidi, Maria Sini, Stéphane Sartoretto, Christos Arvanitidis, Melih Ertan Çinar, Vasilis Gerovasileiou, Drosos Koutsoubas, Anastasia Sapouna, Ege university, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hellenic Center for Marine Research (HCMR), Department of Marine Sciences [Aegean], University of the Aegean, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi = Dokuz Eylül University [Izmir] (DEÜ), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Alfred Wegener Institute [Potsdam], Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), IFREMER - Laboratoire Provence Azur Corse, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), ERA-NET, General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Grant/Award Number: 12SEAS-2-C2, Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Aras¸tirma Kurumu, Grant/Award Number: 112Y393, European Project: CIGESMED (SeasEra project, FP7), Ege Üniversitesi, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Provence Azur Corse (LERPAC), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, Multivariate statistics, habitat management, Biogeography, Biodiversity, coastal, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Genus, Assemblage (archaeology), 14. Life underwater, Taxonomic rank, reef, biogeography, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Nature and Landscape Conservation, biodiversity, algae, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, circalittoral, benthos, 15. Life on land, invertebrates, Habitat, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: The coralligenous habitat was studied at the large Mediterranean scale, by applying a standardized, non-destructive photo-sampling protocol, developed in the framework of the CIGESMED project. the results provided evidence to support the following statements: (a) the assemblage pattern is not homogeneously distributed across the four Mediterranean ecoregions studied (biotic gradients hypothesis); and (b) the assemblage pattern does not change significantly when the information is aggregated to higher taxonomic levels (taxonomic sufficiency hypothesis). Surrogate taxonomic categories higher than species, such as genus and family, can be used to reveal the multivariate pattern of the coralligenous assemblages. Although preliminary at the pan-Mediterranean scale, these outcomes set the scene for future comparisons as more data sets become available but also for comparisons between taxonomic and functional patterns. 1.2.3.4., CNRS - ANRFrench National Research Agency (ANR)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) [12-SEAS-0001-01, 12-SEAS-0001-02, 12-SEAS-0001-03]; General Secretariat for Research and TechnologyGreek Ministry of Development-GSRT [12SEAS-2-C2]; Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma KurumuTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [112Y393], CNRS - ANR, Grant/Award Numbers: 12-SEAS-0001-01, 12-SEAS-0001-02, 12-SEAS-0001-03; General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Grant/Award Number: 12SEAS-2-C2; Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu, Grant/Award Number: 112Y393
Published: 2020

32. Farmer monitoring reveals the effect of tidal height on mortality risk of oysters during a herpesvirus outbreak

Author: Jean-Yves Stanisiere, Bruno Petton, Sonia Gachelin, Fabrice Pernet, Joseph Mazurie, Elodie Fleury, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Morbihan Pays de Loire (LERMPL), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), ANR-12-AGRO-0001,GIGASSAT,Adaptation des écosystèmes ostréicoles au changement global(2012), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), and Laboratoire Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Morbihan Pays de Loire (LER/MPL)
Subjects: Oyster, risk analysis, 030310 physiology, Intertidal zone, [SDV.SA.ZOO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Zootechny, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, pacific oysters, resistance, 03 medical and health sciences, Aquaculture, water temperature, crassostrea-gigas spat, biology.animal, mu-var, citizen science, medicine, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Epizootic, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Ecology, biology, OsHV-1, business.industry, ACL, Outbreak, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Pacific oyster, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Hatchery, Fishery, husbandry practices, infectious-diseases, aquaculture, ostreid herpesvirus-1, eastern oyster, 040102 fisheries, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, business, Eastern oyster, marine epidemiology and health, management
Abstract: The intertidal zone is characterized by a sharp vertical gradient of environmental stress, which structures species distribution and their interactions. Few studies, however, have examined the influence of tidal height on host–pathogen interactions. Here, we investigated how the tidal height influence outbreak of the Ostreid herpesvirus type 1 (OsHV-1) affecting the Pacific oyster. A volunteer network composed of 20 oyster growers monitored the survival of 28 batches of oysters during an epizootic event in Southern Brittany, France. Oysters were spat from wild collection or hatchery production. The sampling sites were spread over a 150-km2 area with a tidal height ranging from 0.98 to 2.90 m. Concomitantly, we followed survival of oyster spats in relation with OsHV-1 DNA detection at two sites and conducted risk analysis. We found that tidal height was associated with a lower risk of mortality. This effect was higher for hatchery than for wild oysters probably reflecting differences in health status. Our study opens perspectives for mitigation strategies based on tidal height and emphasizes the value of volunteer science in marine epidemiological studies.
Published: 2019

33. Changes in benthic macrofauna in oyster parks during an OsHV-1 μVar oyster spat mortality outbreak

Author: Mélanie Lepoittevin, Julien Normand, Francis Orvain, Charles Vanhuysse, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources de Normandie (LERN), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Oyster, Intertidal zone, Capitella capitata, Oyster farming, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, benthic indicators, Disease Outbreaks, biology.animal, Animals, Crassostrea, Ecosystem, Herpesviridae, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, oyster farming, biology, benthic macrofauna, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, DNA Viruses, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Fishery, Golfingia vulgaris, OsHV-1 µvar mortality, Habitat, Benthic zone, Crassostrea gigas, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Eutrophication
Abstract: International audience; In intertidal areas, oyster farming creates a crosshatching pattern between oyster tables and aisles. Tables provide a refuge from the current and solar irradiance and the oysters facilitate the accumulation of OM, thereby structuring the spatial organization of the associated macrozoobenthic community at mesoscale. The aim of this study was to describe the quality of the oyster table environment at small scale and the response of the macrozoobenthic community to OsHV-1 µvar oyster mortality. The species assemblage was dominated by Golfingia vulgaris, Tubificoides benedii, Capitella capitata and Scoloplos armiger. The table habitat appeared to be in a bad ecological state throughout the 2-month survey (May and June 2017), whereas in the aisle, eutrophication occurred lately and was clearly related to be due to the massive stranding of dead seaweed at the end of the survey (in early July). So, this disturbance of the species assemblage seemed to occur in two phases: 1) after oyster spat mortality and 2) after seaweed stranding resulted in a bad ecological status, as revealed by macrofaunal indicators. Large quantities of OsHV-1 DNA were also found in some species, including small crabs and amphipods, one week after the mortality crisis, but there is no apparent virus reservoir found in the benthic species.
Published: 2019

34. Distribution of phthalates in Marseille Bay (NW Mediterranean Sea)

Author: Le Coz, M., Chambord, S., Souissi, S., Meire, P., Ovaert, J., Buffan-Dubau, E., Prygiel, J., Azemar, F., Sossou, A.C., Lamothe, S., Julien, F., Ouddane, B., Net, Sopheak, Dumoulin, D., Tackx, M., Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie ( MIO ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Dept Sci, UMR Inserm, University of The French West Indies, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Provence - Azur - Corse, Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman - UMR 8516 ( LASIR ), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Intéractions la Réactivité et l'Environnement - UMR 8516 (LASIRE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Provence Azur Corse (LERPAC), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Antwerp (UA), Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman - UMR 8516 (LASIR), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines (LBCM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS), and Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies
Subjects: [ SDU.OCEAN ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, Diethyl phthalate, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Water column, Phthalates, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Dissolved organic carbon, Environmental Chemistry, Seawater, Dissolved organic matter, Organic matter, DMP, 14. Life underwater, Endocrine disruptors, Waste Management and Disposal, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, seawater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, DEHP, Phthalate, dissolved organic matter, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Pollution, endocrine disruptors, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Bay, Dimethyl phthalate
Abstract: International audience; Phthalic Acid Esters (PAEs) are a group of emerging organic contaminants that have become a serious issue because of their ubiquitous presence and hazardous impact on the marine environment worldwide. Seawater samples were collected monthly from December 2013 to November 2014 in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea (Marseille Bay). The samples were analyzed for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) as well as the molecular distribution of dissolved PAEs by using solid phase extraction followed by gas chromatography and mass spectrom-etry (GC/MS) analyses. The results demonstrated the occurrence of six PAEs, including dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-isobutyl phthalate (DiBP), din -butyl phthalate (DnBP), benzylbutyl phthalate (BzBP) and diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), with total concentrations ranging from 130 to 1330 ng L −1 (av. 522 ng L −1). In Marseille Bay, the highest concentrations were detected in the bottom water from June to November 2014 and in the whole water column during the winter mixing period. This result suggests that resuspension of PAE-rich sediment, in relation to the accumulation of plastic debris above the seabed, or the higher degradation rate in the upper layer of the water column, plays a significant role in the PAE dynamics in coastal water. DEHP was the most abundant PAE in all of the surface samples and the summer bottom samples, followed by DiBP and DnBP, which also represent the largest fractions in the other bottom samples.
Published: 2018

35. Benthic metabolism over the emersion - immersion alternation in sands colonized by the invasive Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum

Author: Aline Migné, Nicolas Desroy, Rima Jihane Trigui, Dominique Davoult, Ecogéochimie et Fonctionnement des Ecosystèmes Benthiques (EFEB), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement Ressource Bretagne Nord (LERBN), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Inorganic carbon, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Benthic fluxes, Intertidal zone, Ruditapes, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Benthos, Tidal flats, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Nutrient, Total inorganic carbon, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Chemistry, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Sediment, Suspension-feeding bivalve, Estuary, Nutrients, biology.organism_classification, Western English Channel, Benthic zone, Environmental chemistry, France, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; The effect of an invasive infaunal suspension-feeding bivalve, the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum, on benthic inorganic carbon and nutrient fluxes was examined through in situ incubations. Measurements were performed in spring and summer on a tidal sandflat of the Rance estuary (south part of the Western English Channel) colonized by the Manila clam after its deliberate introduction in the 1990's. Benthic inorganic carbon fluxes were measured using light and dark benthic chambers both at emersion and immersion. Benthic nutrient fluxes were measured using dark benthic chambers at immersion. Inorganic carbon (IC) and ammonium sediment release under darkness at immersion reached 5.60 mmol m-2 h-1 and 441 μmol m-2 h-1 respectively for a clam density of 291 ind m-2. The sediment IC-release under darkness was lower during emersion than during immersion, probably due to the reduced activity of infauna at low tide. Under ambient light, a sediment IC-uptake was systematically measured at emersion, indicating a net autotrophy under the condition of measurements (125 < surface PAR < 1670 μmol m-2 s-1), while either sediment IC-uptake or release was measured at immersion according to light variation (20 < underwater PAR < 990 μmol m-2 s-1). The highest gross community primary production, calculated from highest IC-fluxes at light (i.e. net community production) and highest IC-fluxes at dark (i.e. community respiration), was similar at emersion and immersion and reached 6.2 mmolC m-2 h-1. These results suggest that the metabolic activity of the invasive Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum contributes to increase inorganic C and ammonium sediment release. These regenerated nutrients may support microphytobenthic production which appeared particularly high on this intertidal sand flat.
Published: 2018

36. Distribution of mercury species in different tissues and trophic levels of commonly consumed fish species from the south Bay of Biscay (France)

Author: Jonathan Deborde, Amaëlle Bisch, Pierre Cresson, Gilles Morandeau, Nathalie Caill-Milly, Aurore Gueux, Tiphaine Mille, Mathilde Monperrus, IFREMER Direction de l'Environnement Littoral, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire Ressources halieutiques Manche Mer du nord, IFREMER Centre Manche Mer du Nord, (HMMN), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources des Pertuis Charentais (LER/PC), Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Project: MICROPOLIT, Laboratoire Environnement-Ressources d'Arcachon (LERAR), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire Ressources halieutiques Boulogne sur mer (LRHBL), Halieutique Manche Mer du Nord (HMMN), and Laboratoire Environnement Ressources des Pertuis Charentais (LERPC)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Red mullet, Food Chain, Biomagnification, Zoology, chemistry.chemical_element, Teleostei, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Contamination, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Animals, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, 14. Life underwater, Methylmercury, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Fishes, Merluccius merluccius, Mercury, Organotropism, Methylmercury Compounds, biology.organism_classification, Bioaccumulation, Pollution, Food web, Mercury (element), Bays, chemistry, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, France, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: International audience; Mercury (Hg) is a contaminant of global concern in marine ecosystems, notably due to its ability to accumulate and concentrate in food webs. Concentrations of total mercury (THg), methylmercury (MeHg) and inorganic mercury (IHg) were assessed and compared in different tissues (liver, muscle, and gonads) of three common fish species (hake Merluccius merluccius, red mullet Mullus surmuletus, and sole Solea solea) from the continental shelf from the southern part of the Bay of Biscay. Several studies investigated Hg concentration in fish muscle, but few assessed concentrations in other organs, despite the importance of such data to understand contaminant organotropism and metabolization. Results showed that trophic position and feeding habitat are required to understand the variability of Hg concentration in muscle between fish species. In addition, high MeHg/THg ratio in muscle could be explained by the predatory behavior of the studied fish species and the biomagnification of this Hg species within the food web, MeHg. Despite differences between species, Hg concentration was always higher in muscle (from 118 ± 64 to 338 ± 101 ng g−1 w.w.) and liver (from 122 ± 108 to 271 ± 95 ng g−1 w.w.). These results can be related to physiological processes especially the MeHg detoxification strategies.
Published: 2021

37. Advances on the phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic octocoral Dendrobrachia Brook 1889

Author: Stéphane Sartoretto, Eric Pante, Jean-Baptiste Ledoux, Didier Aurelle, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, Institute of Marine Sciences / Institut de Ciències del Mar [Barcelona] (ICM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Provence Azur Corse (LERPAC), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade do Porto, IFREMER - Laboratoire Provence Azur Corse, and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Mitochondrial DNA, Octocorallia, Dendrobrachiidae, mitochondrial DNA, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Chrysogorgiidae, Ifalukellidae, Mediterranean Sea, Animals, Dendrobrachia, Gene, Antipatharia, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Phylogeny, Ascidiacea, Taxonomy, Phylogenetic tree, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Biodiversity, Sequence Analysis, DNA, biology.organism_classification, Anthozoa, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Evolutionary biology, Animal Science and Zoology
Abstract: Aurelle, Didier, Pante, Eric, Ledoux, Jean-Baptiste, Sartoretto, Stéphane (2019): Advances on the phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic octocoral Dendrobrachia Brook 1889. Zootaxa 4674 (1): 117-126, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3465777, {"references":["Aurelle, D., Ledoux, J.B., Rocher C., Borsa, P., Chenuil, A. & Feral, J.-P. (2011) Phylogeography of the red coral (Corallium rubrum): inferences on the evolutionary history of a temperate gorgonian. Genetica, 139, 855-869. [Epub 2011 Jul 8] https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-011-9589-6","Bayer, F.M. (1955) Contributions to the nomenclature, systematics, and morphology of the Octocorallia. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 105 (3357), 207-220. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.105-3357.207","Bayer, F.M. (1964) The genus Corallium (Gorgonacea: Scleraxonia) in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of Marine Science, 14 (3), 465-478.","Bayer, F.M. (1996) Three new species of precious coral (Anthozoa: Gorgonacea, genus Corallium) from Pacific waters. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 109, 205-22","Bayer, F.M. & Muzik, K.M. (1976) New genera and species of the holaxonian family Chrysogorgiidae (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea). Zoologische Me dedelingen, 50 (5), 65-90.","Benayahu, Y., McFadden, C.S. & Shoham, E. (2017) Search for mesophotic octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) and their phylogeny: I. A new sclerite-free genus from Eilat, northern Red Sea. ZooKeys, (680), 1. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.680.12727","Berntson, E., Bayer, F., McArthur, A. & France, S.C. (2001) Phylogenetic relationships within the Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) based on nuclear 18S rRNA sequences. Marine Biology, 138, 235-246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002270000457","Berntson, E.A., France, S.C. & Mullineaux, L.S. (1999) Phylogenetic relationships within the class Anthozoa (phylum Cnidaria) based on nuclear 18S rDNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 13, 417-433. https://doi.org/10.1006/mpev.1999.0649","Bilewitch, J.P. & Degnan, S.M. (2011) A unique horizontal gene transfer event has provided the octocoral mitochondrial genome with an active mismatch repair gene that has potential for an unusual self-contained function. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 11, 228. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-11-228","de Blainville, H.M.D. (1830) Zoophytes. In Dictionnaire des Sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite methodiquement des differents etres de la nature, 60, 1-546. [Le Normant]","Brook, G. (1889) Report on the Antipatharia collected by HMS Challenger during the years 1873-1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the voyage of the HMS \"Challenger 1873-76. London, Edinburgh, Dublin. Zoology, 32, 1-222.","Calderon, I., Garrabou, J. & Aurelle, D. (2006) Evaluation of the utility of COI and ITS markers as tools for population genetic studies of temperate gorgonians. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 336, 184-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2006.05.006","Castresana, J. (2000) Selection of conserved blocks from multiple alignments for their use in phylogenetic analysis. Molecular biology and evolution, 17, 540-552. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026334","Chernomor, O., von Haeseler, A. & Minh, B.Q. (2016) Terrace aware data structure for phylogenomic inference from supermatrices. Systematic Biology, 65, 997-1008. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syw037","Cuvier, G. (1798) Tableau elementaire de l'histoire naturelle des animaux. Baudoin, Paris, xvi pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.45918","Daly, M., Brugler, M.R., Cartwright, P., Collins, A.G., Dawson, M.N., Fautin, D.G., France, S.C., McFadden, C.S., Opresko, D., Rodriguez, E., Romano, J.C. & Stake, J.L. (2007) The phylum Cnidaria: a review of phylogenetic patterns and diversity 300 years after Linnaeus. Zootaxa, 1668, 127-182.","Dereeper, A., Guignon, V., Blanc, G., Audic, S., Buffet, S., Chevenet, F., Dufayard, J.F., Guindon, S., Lefort, V., Lescot, M., Claverie, J.M. & Gascuel, O. (2008) Phylogeny.fr: robust phylogenetic analysis for the non-specialist. Nucleic Acids Research, 1, 36 (Web Server issue), W465-9. [Epub 19 April 2008] https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkn180","Duchassaing, P. & Michelotti, J. (1864) Supplement au memoire sur les coralliaires des Antilles. Memoires de l'Academie des Sciences de Turin, Series 2, 23, 97-206. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.105196","Edgar, R.C. (2004) MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Research, 32, 1792-1797. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh340","Esper, E.J.C. (1788) Die Pflanzenthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Farben erleuchtet nebst Beschreibungen. Vol. 2. In der Kaspeschen Buchhandlung, 303 pp.","Fabricius, K.K. & Alderslade, P.P. 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Invertebrate Systematics, 26 (4), 331-356. https://doi.org/10.1071/IS12035","McFadden, C.S. & Van Ofwegen, L.P. (2013) Molecular phylogenetic evidence supports a new family of octocorals and a new genus of Alcyoniidae (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea). ZooKeys, 346, 59-83. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.346.6270","Milne-Edwards, H. (1857) Histoire naturelle des coralliaires ou polypes proprement dits, vol. 1, 2: Paris. Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, VIII (1), 326. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11396","Nguyen L.-T., Schmidt, H.A., von Haeseler, A. & Minh, B.Q. (2014) IQ-TREE: a fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum-likelihood phylogenies. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 32, 268-274. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msu300","Okonechnikov, K., Golosova, O., Fursov, M. & Ugene Team (2012) Unipro UGENE: a unified bioinformatics toolkit. Bioinformatics, 28 (8), 1166-1167. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts091","Opresko, D.M. & Bayer, F.M. 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Published: 2019

38. Effects of marine harmful algal blooms on bivalve cellular immunity and infectious diseases: A review

Author: Gary H. Wikfors, Malwenn Lassudrie, Hélène Hégaret, Patricia Mirella da Silva, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Bretagne Occidentale (LER-BO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NEFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Universidade Federal da Paraiba (UFPB), Interdisciplinary Graduate School for the Blue planet (2017), ANR-17-EURE-0015,ISBlue,Interdisciplinary Graduate School for the Blue planet(2017), Laboratoire Environnement Ressource de Bretagne Occidentale (LERBO), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Cellular immunity, Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs), Hemocytes, Harmful Algal Bloom, Immunology, Hemocyte, Defence mechanisms, Zoology, Disease, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Algal bloom, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, Animals, Humans, Shellfish Poisoning, Seawater, 14. Life underwater, Pathogen, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 030304 developmental biology, Shellfish, 0303 health sciences, Immunity, Cellular, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Bivalve, Bivalvia, Harmful algal blooms (HABs), 13. Climate action, Infectious disease (medical specialty), Host-Pathogen Interactions, Dinoflagellida, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Marine Toxins, Developmental Biology, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: International audience; Bivalves were long thought to be “symptomless carriers” of marine microalgal toxins to human seafood consumers. In the past three decades, science has come to recognize that harmful algae and their toxins can be harmful to grazers, including bivalves. Indeed, studies have shown conclusively that some microalgal toxins function as active grazing deterrents. When responding to marine Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) events, bivalves can reject toxic cells to minimize toxin and bioactive extracellular compound (BEC) exposure, or ingest and digest cells, incorporating nutritional components and toxins. Several studies have reported modulation of bivalve hemocyte variables in response to HAB exposure. Hemocytes are specialized cells involved in many functions in bivalves, particularly in immunological defense mechanisms. Hemocytes protect tissues by engulfing or encapsulating living pathogens and repair tissue damage caused by injury, poisoning, and infections through inflammatory processes. The effects of HAB exposure observed on bivalve cellular immune variables have raised the question of possible effects on susceptibility to infectious disease. As science has described a previously unrecognized diversity in microalgal bioactive substances, and also found a growing list of infectious diseases in bivalves, episodic reports of interactions between harmful algae and disease in bivalves have been published. Only recently, studies directed to understand the physiological and metabolic bases of these interactions have been undertaken. This review compiles evidence from studies of harmful algal effects upon bivalve shellfish that establishes a framework for recent efforts to understand how harmful algae can alter infectious disease, and particularly the fundamental role of cellular immunity, in modulating these interactions. Experimental studies reviewed here indicate that HABs can modulate bivalve-pathogen interactions in various ways, either by increasing bivalve susceptibility to disease or conversely by lessening infection proliferation or transmission. Alteration of immune defense and global physiological distress caused by HAB exposure have been the most frequent reasons identified for these effects on disease. Only few studies, however, have addressed these effects so far and a general pattern cannot be established. Other mechanisms are likely involved but are under-studied thus far and will need more attention in the future. In particular, the inhibition of bivalve filtration by HABs and direct interaction between HABs and infectious agents in the seawater likely interfere with pathogen transmission. The study of these interactions in the field and at the population level also are needed to establish the ecological and economical significance of the effects of HABs upon bivalve diseases. A more thorough understanding of these interactions will assist in development of more effective management of bivalve shellfisheries and aquaculture in oceans subjected to increasing HAB and disease pressures.
Published: 2019

39. Fish contamination and trophodynamics in three French subregions

Author: Mauffret, Aourell, Wessel, Nathalie, Chouvelon, Tiphaine, Cresson, Pierre, Bănaru, Daniela, Bustamante, Paco, Baudrier, Jerome, Mialet, Benoit, Saibi-Yedjer, L., Spitz, Jérôme, Bouchoucha, Marc, Mille, Tiphaine, Le Loc’h, François, Harmelin-Vivien, Mireille, Laboratoire Environnement et Ressources de Boulogne-sur-Mer (LERBL), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement et Ressources de Boulogne-sur-mer, IFREMER, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

40. Pinnatoxins' Deleterious Effects on Cholinergic Networks: From Experimental Models to Human Health

Author: Eric Abadie, Jordi Molgó, Jean-Paul Vernoux, Emmeline Lagrange, Marie-Bénédicte Peyrat, Nicolas Delcourt, César Mattei, Valérie Fessard, Nathalie Arnich, Jean-Marc Fremy, Thomas Maignien, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Languedoc Roussillon (LERLR), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire de Fougères - ANSES, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Microorganismes d'Intérêt Laitier et Alimentaire (MILA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Centre de recherche du CEA/DSV/iBiTec-S/SIMOPRO, Biologie Neurovasculaire et Mitochondriale Intégrée (BNMI), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement Resources-Languedoc Roussillon, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université d'Angers (UA)
Subjects: marine toxin, human intoxication, Pharmaceutical Science, Nicotinic Antagonists, Review, Pharmacology, Receptors, Nicotinic, dinoflagellate, cyclic imines, Synaptic Transmission, 0302 clinical medicine, intoxication, Drug Discovery, Paralysis, Ingestion, toxicité, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous), 0303 health sciences, Muscles, Poisoning, 3. Good health, food safety, Nicotinic agonist, [SDV.TOX]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, Toxicity, Dinoflagellida, medicine.symptom, toxicology, Biology, pinnatoxine, bivalve, neurotoxine, Vulcanodinium rugosum, Lethal Dose 50, 03 medical and health sciences, Alkaloids, acute neurotoxicity, medicine, Toxicity Tests, Acute, Animals, Humans, Spiro Compounds, Mode of action, sécurité des aliments, 030304 developmental biology, Acetylcholine receptor, pinnatoxins, myasthenia gravis, toxicity, toxicologie, neurotoxin, Acute toxicity, Acetylcholine, shellfish, Disease Models, Animal, coquillage, consommation, lcsh:Biology (General), Cholinergic, Marine Toxins, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, humain, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, toxine marine
Abstract: International audience; Pinnatoxins (PnTXs) are emerging neurotoxins that were discovered about 30 years ago. They are solely produced by the marine dinoflagellate Vulcanodinium rugosum, and may be transferred into the food chain, as they have been found in various marine invertebrates, including bivalves. No human intoxication has been reported to date although acute toxicity was induced by PnTxs in rodents. LD 50 values have been estimated for the different PnTXs through the oral route. At sublethal doses, all symptoms are reversible, and no neurological sequelae are visible. These symptoms are consistent with impairment of central and peripheral cholinergic network functions. In fact, PnTXs are high-affinity competitive antagonists of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Moreover, their lethal effects are consistent with the inhibition of muscle nAChRs, inducing respiratory distress and paralysis. Human intoxication by ingestion of PnTXs could result in various symptoms observed in episodes of poisoning with natural nAChR antagonists. This review updates the available data on PnTX toxicity with a focus on their mode of action on cholinergic networks and suggests the effects that could be extrapolated on human physiology.
Published: 2019

41. PLASTIC-Seine research project: Microplastic Flux and Impact on biota in the Seine estuary

Author: Gasperi, Johnny, Alligant, Soline, Tassin, Bruno, Revel, Messika, Mouneyrac, Catherine, Mohamed, Mouloud, Châtel, Amélie, Perrein-Ettajani, Hanane, Halm-Lemeille, Marie-Pierre, Gangnery, Aline, Galgani, Francois, Begout, Marie Laure, Cousin, Xavier, Dreanno, Catherine, El Rakwe, Maria, Thery, Jéremy, Bialais, Capucine, Souissi, Sami, Kazour, Maria, Amara, Rachid, Coulaud, Romain, Monsinjon, Tiphaine, Xuereb, Benoit, Clérandeau, Christelle, Le Bihanic, Florane, Vignet, Caroline, Pannetier, Pauline, Morin, Bénédicte, Cachot, Jérôme, Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), AgroParisTech-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Université Catholique de l'Ouest (UCO), Mer, molécules et santé EA 2160 (MMS), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources de Normandie (LERN), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de développement Analytique Nucléaire Isotopique et Elémentaire (LANIE), Service d'études analytiques et de réactivité des surfaces (SEARS), Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques (SEBIO), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Earth and Planetary Observation Centre (EPOC), University of Stirling, laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), and Gasperi, Johnny
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [CHIM] Chemical Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience; Microplastics (MP) pollution is of emerging concern. Although numerous studies were recently carried out on freshwater and biota contamination, studies focused on estuary ecosystems are scarce. Estuaries can indeed play a significant role in the transport and transfer of MP to the ocean and the estuarine hydrodynamics and salinity gradient can greatly affect both MP distribution and concentrations, as well as the occurrence and levels in biotic compartments. In this context, the Plastic-Seine project (2017-2020) involving six French laboratories was launched to study the occurrence and levels of MP in all compartments of the ecosystem of the Seine River estuary (France). The objectives are: i) to study the occurrence and levels of MP in the Seine estuary for abiotic compartments (water column and sediment), ii) to study the ingestion and levels of MP for seven emblematic species of the Seine estuary, i.e, the worm Hediste diversicolor, the copepod Eurytemora affinis, the mussel Mytulis edulis, the prawn Palaemon longirostris and 3 fish species Platichthys flesus, Solea solea and Dicentrarchus labrax and iii) to assess the potential impacts of MP exposure on biology traits, physiologyand behavior of three species (Hediste diversicolor, Eurytemora affinis and Solea solea). Preliminary and main results are here presented and discussed. First results on abiotic compartements highlighted the presence of fibers and fragements in both the water colonn and sediments. Particles exhibited different forms depending on their origin and/or fragmentation. Most of particles were inferior to 1 mm and a high proportion of fragments and films was higlighted. Slight MP distribution changes were also observed between surface water and subsurface water. For the seven species, MP including fibers and fragements were found. The others analyses are in progress. For all species, a high variabilities between species and individuals was highligted. High presence of fragments were noticed for seabass and worms in comparison to other species. In the case of prawns, a large amount of MP and especially of fibers were also observed on the cuticle surface. Futher studies will investigate the potential impacts of MP exposure onbiology traits, physiology, and behavior of three estuarine species and the MP trophic transfer to common sole’s food chain.
Published: 2019

42. How does eutrophication impact bundles of ecosystem services in multiple coastal habitats using state-and-transition models

Author: Diane Vaschalde, Nolwenn Quillien, Vincent Ouisse, Patrick Le Mao, Charlène Kermagoret, Denis Bailly, Pierre Scemama, Valerie Derolez, Maggy M. Nugues, Yoann Baulaz, Rémi Mongruel, Joachim Claudet, Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer (AMURE), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), France Energies Marines [Brest], Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement Ressource Bretagne Nord (LERBN), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Agence Française pour la Biodiversité (AFB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL (LabEX CORAIL), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université des Antilles (UA), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Coral reefs, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Environmental change, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Biodiversity, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Ecosystem, Temporal dynamics, 14. Life underwater, Recreation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Sandy beaches, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, business.industry, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Environmental resource management, Coral reef, 15. Life on land, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Ecosystem service bundles, Management, Coastal lagoons Ecosystem service bundles, Habitat, 13. Climate action, Coastal lagoons, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Eutrophication
Abstract: International audience; One of the current major scientific challenges to sustain social-ecological systems is to improve our understanding of the spatial and temporal dynamics of the relationships between biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and ecosystem services. Here, we analyze the bundles of ecosystem services supplied by three coastal ecosystems (coastal lagoons, coral reefs and sandy beaches) along a gradient of eutrophication. Based on a state-and-transition model, we analyses the dynamic responses of ecological communities to environmental change and management actions. Although few exceptions are highlighted, increasing eutrophication in the three ecosystem types leads to a degradation of the ecosystem service bundles, particularly for nutrient and pathogen regulation/sequestration, or for the support of recreational and leisure activities. Despite few obstacles to their optimal use, state-andtransition models can be very powerful frameworks to integrate multiple functions and services delivered by ecosystems while accounting for their temporal dynamics.
Published: 2019

43. Air-Sea Turbulent Fluxes and Upper-Ocean Currents During the TURBORADAR-TURBIDENT Experiments

Author: Bourras, Denis, Sentchev, Alexei, Branger, Hubert, Fuchs, Rosalie, Pairaud, Ivane, Fraunié, Philippe, Yohia, Christophe, Christopher, Luneau, QUENTIN, Céline Gwenaëlle, DEVENON, Jean Luc, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Institut de Recherche sur les Phénomènes Hors Equilibre (IRPHE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Provence Azur Corse (LERPAC), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut Pythéas (OSU PYTHEAS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM), IFREMER - Laboratoire Provence Azur Corse, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), and Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

44. Functional traits unravel temporal changes in fish biomass production on artificial reefs

Author: Mélanie Ourgaud, Laurence Le Direach, Patrick Astruch, Pierre Cresson, Mireille Harmelin-Vivien, Eric Goberville, Elodie Rouanet, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GIS Posidonie, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut Pythéas (OSU PYTHEAS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement et Ressources de Boulogne-sur-mer, IFREMER, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire Environnement et Ressources de Boulogne-sur-Mer (LERBL), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Artificial reefs, Conservation of Natural Resources, Range (biology), fish biomass production, Fisheries, Aquatic Science, Biology, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean Sea, Animals, Fish biomass production, Biomass, 14. Life underwater, artificial reefs, Ecosystem, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Trophic level, Biomass (ecology), Coral Reefs, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Fishes, Pelagic zone, General Medicine, Pollution, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Isotopic functional indices, Habitat, Benthic zone, Mediterranean sea, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Biological dispersal, Fisheries management, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, isotopic functional indices
Abstract: International audience; reefs (ARs) are deployed worldwide as they are expected to support fisheries management. 22 While the underlying mechanisms remain widely debated, production was recently determined as 23 the most probable cause of increases in fish biomass. Changes in fish biomass in a temperate AR 24 system were investigated from December 2008 to November 2015 by considering seven distinct 25 functional groups, and isotopic functional indices were used to identify how these changes may have 26 affected organic matter (OM) fluxes. Contrasting patterns of change were observed between 27 functional trophic groups, highlighting that combining the biomass of all species present in a 28 community is inappropriate for assessing AR-induced effects. Benthic sedentary species 29 predominated (>75% of the total biomass) through massive production, with a 68-fold increase in 30 mean biomass over the study period. Mobile species tended to vary seasonally, suggesting only a 31 slight influence of AR. Zooplanktivores biomass decreased over the 6-year period, as a possible result 32 of changes in environmental conditions. Isotopic indices helped to reveal both the community 33 maturation and the importance of local OM sources not only in supporting fish biomass production 34 but also in attracting pelagic species. Our results corroborate that production and attraction are two 35 extremes of a range of contrasting patterns and highlight the importance of considering the specific 36 responses of functional components of fish communities to accurately describe changes in AR 37 functioning. Functional attributes such as trophic traits, habitat use and dispersal abilities must not 38 be overlooked as they modulate fish species responses to the deployment of man-made rocky 39 substrates.
Published: 2019

45. Assessing the sensitivity of marine habitats to anthropogenic pressures: a key tool in evaluating risks to Mediterranean benthic habitats

Author: Marie La Rivière, Noëmie Michez, Annabelle Aish, Denise Bellan-Santini, Gérard Bellan, Pierre Chevaldonné, Jean-Claude Dauvin, Sandrine Derrien-Courtel, Jacques Grall, Laurent Guérin, Anne-Laure Janson, Céline Labrune, Stéphane Sartoretto, Thierry Thibaut, Éric Thiébaut, Marc Verlaque, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station de Biologie Marine de Concarneau, Direction générale déléguée à la Recherche, à l’Expertise, à la Valorisation et à l’Enseignement-Formation (DGD.REVE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Université de Brest (UBO), Biologie des organismes marins et écosystèmes (BOME), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Laboratoire d'océanographie biologique de Banyuls (LOBB), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IFREMER - Laboratoire Provence Azur Corse, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Ecosystèmes Côtiers Marins et Réponses aux Stress (ECOMERS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), SPA/RAC, Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Provence Azur Corse (LERPAC), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), and Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS)
Subjects: human activities, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, benthic habitats, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, sensitivity, impacts, pressures, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Abstract: International audience; Standardised sensitivity data on marine habitats is an essential support in the management ofhuman activities at regional, national and international scales. We developed a methodology forassessing the sensitivity of marine habitats to human pressures, as well as associated guidanceon how to use the resulting sensitivity assessments. The sensitivity of 41 French Mediterraneanbenthic habitats to 12 physical pressures was assessed as part of the first stage of this project;other physical, chemical and biological pressures will be defined and assessed shortly. Resultswill feed into risk assessments allowing the identification of conservation priorities and thedevelopment of spatial planning strategies. By maximising methodological consistency in thegeneration of sensitivity data with other Member States, and sharing the outputs of this projectinternationally, we hope to facilitate collective use of sensitivity information under the HabitatsDirective, the Marine Strategy Framework Directive, the Marine Spatial Planning Directive andthe Regional Sea Conventions (such as Barcelona Convention).
Published: 2019

46. Phthalate Release from Plastic Fragments and Degradation in Seawater

Author: Richard Sempéré, François Galgani, Vincent Fauvelle, Andrea Paluselli, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Dept Sci, UMR Inserm, University of The French West Indies, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Provence - Azur - Corse, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Provence Azur Corse (LERPAC), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), and Sempere, Richard
Subjects: animal structures, Dibutyl phthalate, Phthalic Acids, 010501 environmental sciences, Diethyl phthalate, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Plasticizers, Environmental Chemistry, Seawater, Polyvinyl Chloride, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Chromatography, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Phthalate, Plasticizer, General Chemistry, 6. Clean water, Dibutyl Phthalate, Polyvinyl chloride, Phthalic acid, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Plastics, Dimethyl phthalate
Abstract: International audience; Plastic debris in the environment contains plasticizers, such as phthalates (PAEs), that can be released during plastic aging. Here, two common plastic materials, an insulation layer of electric cables (polyvinyl chloride, PVC-cables) and plastic garbage bag (polyethylene, PE-bags), were incubated in natural seawater under laboratory conditions, and the PAE migration to the seawater phase was studied with varying light and bacterial conditions over a 90-day time course. Free PAEs diluted in seawater were also studied for bacterial degradation. Our results showed that, within the first month of incubation, both plastic materials significantly leached out PAEs into the surrounding water. We found that di-isobutyl phthalate (DiBP) and din -butyl phthalate (DnBP) were the main PAEs released from the PE-bags, with the highest values of 83.4 ± 12.5 and 120.1 ± 18.0 ng g −1 of plastic, respectively. Furthermore, dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and diethyl phthalate (DEP) were the main PAEs released from PVC-cables, with mass fractions as high as 9.5 ± 1.4 and 68.9 ± 10.3 ng g −1 , respectively. Additionally, we found that light and bacterial exposure increased the total amount of PAEs released from PVC-cables by a factor of up to 5, whereas they had no influence in the case of PE-bags.
Published: 2019

47. Evaluation of FluoroProbe® performance for the phytoplankton-based assessment of the ecological status of Mediterranean coastal lagoons

Author: Philippe Cecchi, Marie Garrido, Franck Torre, Vanina Pasqualini, Béatrice Bec, Nathalie Malet, Stella Mare, Université Pascal Paoli (UPP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Provence Azur Corse (LERPAC), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre de Recherches Océanologiques [Abidjan] (CRO), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sciences pour l'environnement (SPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), IFREMER - Laboratoire Provence Azur Corse, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pascal Paoli (UPP)
Subjects: Mediterranean climate, Salinity, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Monitoring, FluoroProbe (R), Ecological and Environmental Phenomena, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, Algal bloom, FluoroProbe®, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Phytoplankton, Ecotoxicology, Seawater, 14. Life underwater, Biomass, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Trophic level, Biomass (ecology), Ecology, Mediterranean coastal lagoons, General Medicine, Pollution, 6. Clean water, Spectrometry, Fluorescence, Water Framework Directive, Environmental science, France, HPLC, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: International audience; The European Water Framework Directive and several other legislations worldwide have selected phyto-plankton for monitoring the ecological status of surface waters. This assessment is a complicated task in coastal lagoons due to their intrinsic variability, prompting moves to use real-time measurements. Here, we tested the ability of the submersible spectrofluorometer FluoroProbe® to accurately estimate the phytoplankton biomass and to efficiently discriminate spectral groups in Mediterranean coastal lagoons, by using sub-surface water samples (n = 107) collected at Biguglia lagoon (Corsica) in different environmental situations (salinity and trophic state) from March 2012 to December 2014. We compared the estimates of biomass and phytoplankton group composition obtained with the FluoroProbe® (in situ and lab measurements) with the spectrofluorimetrically measured biomass and HPLC-derived quantifications of pigment concentrations. FluoroProbe® provided good estimates of the total phytoplankton biomass (particularly, the lab measurements). The FluoroProbe® data were significantly correlated with the HPLC results, except for the in situ measurements of very weak concentrations of blue-green and red algae. Our findings indicate that factory-calibrated FluoroProbe® is an efficient and easy-to-use real-time phytoplankton monitoring tool in coastal lagoons, especially as an early warning system for the detection of potentially harmful algal blooms. Practical instructions dedicated to non-specialist field operators are provided. A simple and efficient method for discarding in situ measurement outliers is also proposed.
Published: 2019

48. Microplastic contamination of sediment and water column in the Seine River Estuary

Author: Alligant, Soline, Gasperi, Johnny, Rakwe, El, Dreanno, Catherine, Gangnery, Aline, Maheux, Frank, Simon, Benjamin, Halm-Lemeille, Marie-Pierre, Cachot, Jérôme, Tassin, Bruno, Alligant, Soline, laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), AgroParisTech-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources de Normandie (LERN), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

49. Recovery trajectories following the reduction of urban nutrient inputs along the eutrophication gradient in French Mediterranean lagoons

Author: Catherine Aliaume, Nathalie Malet, Monique Simier, Thierry Laugier, Dominique Munaron, Béatrice Bec, Valerie Derolez, Romain Pete, Philippe Souchu, Annie Fiandrino, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Provence Azur Corse (LERPAC), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), IFREMER - Laboratoire Provence Azur Corse, and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, Watershed, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Urban inputs, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, FACTEUR ANTHROPIQUE, Water column, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Recovery, Phytoplankton, Ecosystem, LITTORAL, 14. Life underwater, LAGUNE, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, ANALYSE STATISTIQUE, Biomass (ecology), PROTECTION DE L'ECOSYSTEME, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Nutrients, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, Oligotrophication, PRESSION DEMOGRAPHIQUE, EUTROPHISATION, Water Framework Directive, 13. Climate action, Coastal lagoons, Environmental science, POLLUTION CHIMIQUE, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Eutrophication, Water resource management
Abstract: French Mediterranean coastal lagoons have been subject to huge inputs of urban nutrients for decades leading to the eutrophication of these vulnerable ecosystems. In response to new environmental regulations, some of the lagoons have recently been the subject of large-scale management actions targeting the waste water treatment systems located on their watersheds. While the eutrophication of coastal ecosystems is well described, recovery trajectories have only recently been studied. To assess the rapidity and the extent of the effect of the remediation actions, we analysed data from a 14-year time series resulting from the monitoring of nutrients, biomass and the abundance of phytoplankton in the water column of French Mediterranean coastal lagoons covering the whole anthropogenic eutrophication gradient. Following a 50% to 80% reduction in total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) urban loadings from the watershed of hypertrophic and eutrophic ecosystems, the integrative parameters chlorophyll a, TN and TP, provide evidence for a rapid response (1 to 3 years) and for an almost complete recovery, suggesting no hysteresis for the eutrophic lagoon. However, our findings also show that recovery patterns depend on the eutrophication status before remediation and may include feedback responses. The different responses revealed by our results should help stakeholders prioritise remediation actions and identify appropriate restoration goals, especially in light of the targets of the Water Framework Directive (WFD).
Published: 2019

50. Microplastic Contamination of Sediment and Water Column in the Seine River Estuary

Author: Catherine Dreanno, Marie-Pierre Halm-Lemille, Frank Maheux, Johnny Gasperi, Aline Gangnery, Bruno Tassin, Benjamin Simon, Jérôme Cachot, Maria El Rakwe, Soline Alligant, Cadic, Ifsttar, Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Eau et Environnement (GERS-LEE ), Université Gustave Eiffel, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alligant, Soline, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources de Normandie (LERN), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Pollution, [SDE] Environmental Sciences, Microplastics, media_common.quotation_subject, 010501 environmental sciences, SEDIMENT, 01 natural sciences, Water column, MICROPLASTIC, Settling, POLLUTION, Marine ecosystem, ESTUARY, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, MICROPLASTIQUE, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, SEINE, Sediment, Estuary, 6. Clean water, WATER COLUMN, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, THE SEINE RIVER, Environmental science, ESTUAIRE, Plastic pollution
Abstract: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Microplastic Pollution in the Mediterranean Sea, Capri, ITALIE, 15-/09/2019 - 18/09/2019; Nowadays, microplastic (MPs) pollution is well documented in marine ecosystems since the first publication alarming about marine plastic pollution in 1972 [1]. Similarly, continental contamination is more and more investigated. More recently, interest for estuarine systems is growing. Estuaries are considered as a suspected predominant pathway for microplastic pollution from continent to oceans. The specific conditions of estuaries, like salinity gradient, tides and hydrodynamics, could affect the repartition, settling and transfer of microplastics to marine systems.
Published: 2019

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