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Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) industry is expanding rapidly in the context of addressing the challenge of climate change and energy crisis. As a technology-intensive product, large number of new synthetic chemicals are applied in LIBs production. Organic fluorine additives are added in multiple components of LIBs, many of these additives are novel per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (with fully fluorinated methyl or methylene carbon atom), here, in this work we referred to this kind of compounds as LIB-PFAS. LIB-PFAS may cause high exposure to personnel in contact with LIBs materials during production and disposal processes, thus posing potential health risks to these occupational workers. The general population can be exposed to LIB-PFAS when they are released into the surrounding air, soil, and water. In order to assess potential health risks associated with LIB-PFAS, this review systematically summarizes the chemical structures, analytical methods, possible emission routes and human exposure pathways, their bioaccumulation, distribution, and elimination behaviors in humans, and existing toxicity data of LIB-PFAS. In particular, the screening and identification methods for 57 LIB-PFAS are discussed, as well as the investigation of emission processes and exposure risks during the manufacturing and disposal of LIB. Although the available scientific data is still limited, this review provide an insightful view and novel perspective for further research on the occupational and environmental health impacts of LIB-PFAS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Mining Magazine is the property of China Mining Magazine Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Lithium is an emerging strategic resource for modern energy transformation toward, electrification, and decarbonization. However, current mainstream direct lithium extraction, technology via adsorption suffers from sluggish kinetics and intensive water usage, especially, in arid/semiarid and cold salt-lake, regions (natural land brines). Herein, an efficient, proof-of-, concept, integrated solar microevaporator system is developed to realize synergetic, solar-enhanced, lithium recovery and water footprint management from hypersaline, salt-lake, brines. The 98% solar energy harvesting efficiency of the solar microevaporator, system, elevating its local temperature, greatly promotes the endothermic Li+ extraction, process and solar steam generation. Benefiting from the photothermal effect, enhanced, water flux, and enriched local Li+ supply in nanoconfined space, a double-enhanced, Li+, recovery capacity was delivered (increase from 12.4 to 28.7 mg g-1) under one sun, and, adsorption kinetics rate (saturated within 6 h) also reached twice of that at 280 K (salt-lake, temperature). Additionally, the self-assembly, rotation feature endows the microevaporator, system with distinct self-cleaning, desalination ability, achieving near 100% water recovery, from hypersaline brines for further self-sufficient, Li+ elution. Outdoor comprehensive, solar-powered, experiment verified the feasibility of basically stable lithium recovery ability, (>8 mg g-1) directly from natural hypersaline salt-lake, brines with self-sustaining, water, recycling for Li+ elution (440 m3 water recovery per ton Li2CO3). This work offers an integrated, solution for sustainable lithium recovery with near zero water/carbon consumption, toward carbon neutrality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Mining Magazine is the property of China Mining Magazine Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As the "safety switch" of lithium batteries, the separator controls the electrochemical performance and safety performance of lithium batteries. However, highly flammable and easy to induce lithium dendrite generation of commercial polyolefin pose a huge safety hazard for current commercial lithium-ion batteries. Therefore, developing a flame-retardant, lithium dendrite-inhibiting separator can achieve further leap in the lithium battery industry. A "sandwich" separator (SPS-B) is designed by integrating silk fibroin (SF), decabromodiphenyl ethane, and polyvinyl alcohol through electrospinning. SPS-B shows excellent flame-retardant properties through a free radical trapping mechanism. Moreover, the SPS-B demonstrated satisfactory capability of suppressing lithium dendrites by constructing Li3N-SEI with high ionic conductivity and high strength, and the secondary structure β-sheets of SF can inhibit the "tip effect" of lithium dendrites, which enables efficient lithium plating/stripping in Li//Li and Li//Cu cells. In addition, the enhanced porosity, electrolyte affinity of SPS-B promotes excellent electrochemical performance with enhanced discharge capacity and reduced concentration polarization. Finally, fire risk of soft-pack batteries are evaluated by continuous external heating. Compared with commercial separator, soft-pack batteries with SPS-B show much lower heat release rate, peak temperature and flue gas release rate, further confirming the effectiveness of SPS-B in reducing fire risk. Overall, the SPS-B provides a satisfactory way to develop high-performance and superior safety lithium batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium is an indispensable resource for the next generation of clean technology. Promoting the development of lithium industry has become a global consensus, with China being no exception. The development process involves not only the growth and degeneration of lithium products but also the path-dependency issues arising from resources and technology. This study, based on the perspective of product space structure, constructs China's lithium product network to study its pattern evolution and predict the development direction. Then, according to the current situation and pattern evolution trends, potential advantageous lithium products and advantage-degraded lithium products are identified, and tactics for expanding chains and breaking chains are formulated for them, presenting strategies for the integrated and fragmentated development of China's lithium products. This aims to steer China's lithium products towards a more orderly and closely interconnected direction, representing the arrow of development for China's lithium products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium-ion batteries have recently become the focus of research in vehicle applications due to their numerous advantages. Lithium-ion batteries have higher specific energy, better energy density, and a lower self-discharge rate than other secondary batteries, making them appropriate for electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. Nonetheless, worries about safety, cost, charging time, and recycling have hampered the commercial usage of lithium-ion batteries for automotive applications. An accurate battery model on a simulation platform is required for the development of an effective battery system. In this study, a battery model is built in MATLAB/Simulink. Two variations are available: one with a series-parallel battery arrangement and a single model without configuration. The structure of the proposed model is provided and explained in detail. Based on the test results, the developed battery model was validated. A comparison shows that the model created can accurately predict current, voltage, and power performance. This model is designed for Eaton Electromechanical Battery Li-ion 18650 batteries but is also said to work with other types of batteries. The simulation takes into account the battery's state of charge, current, voltage, and power requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on batteries from electric vehicles to study them for recycling. Topics include Western governments are increasingly worried about sourcing critical metals from unreliable partners; and relies on leaching the various ions using sulfuric or hydrochloric acids and powerful redox agents such as hydrogen peroxide.

The acid leaching of copper and aluminum materials in spent lithium ion batteries with high copper leaching agent was studied. The competitive reaction mechanism of co-existing system of hydrogen ion and copper ion was discussed. The effects of hydrogen ion concentration on hydrogen evolution, heat production and acid leaching efficiency were investigated. The results show that the competitive reaction mechanism makes the high concentration hydrogen ions more efficient to leach copper and aluminum, and then improves the acid leaching efficiency. When the concentration of hydrogen ions in the high copper leaching agent increases to 0.7 mol/L, the total residual rate of nickel, cobalt, manganese and lithium in the pickling residue is 1.7 %, and the hydrogen concentration can be maintained within 4.5 mmol/L during the pickling process. The reaction is mild and the safety is high. After the acid leaching reaction, the mass concentration of copper ion in the high copper leaching agent is reduced from 15.54 g/L to 36 mg/L, the removal rate of copper ion is 99.7%, and the removal cost of copper in the leaching section can be reduced by 55 yuan/m³, which has certain economic benefits in actual production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium slag is an industrial waste residue of the extraction of lithium carbonate industry, which has the issue of high output and low utilization rate. In order to improve the utilization rate and value of lithium slag, it was directly used as a raw material to synthesize NaX zeolite using a hydrothermal and microwave-assisted method in this paper. The process of synthesizing NaX zeolite from lithium slag was analyzed and characterized by X-ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance. The reaction mechanism of NaX zeolite from lithium slag was also proposed. The structure of NaX zeolite synthesized from lithium slag was characterized. The results indicate that during the synthesis, aluminum species in the lithium slag transform from AlVI to AlIV, and the silicon species undergo a transition from Q4 (0Al) and Q4 (1Al) structures to Q4 (1Al) and Q4 (2Al) structures. The synthesis time of NaX zeolite with the microwave-assisted method is only about 1/3 that of hydrothermal synthesis. Microwave irradiation accelerates the dissolution of lithium slag, the generation of aluminosilicate gels, and the crystallization of the NaX zeolite, but does not change the process of synthesis of NaX from lithium slag. The NaX zeolite synthesized from lithium slag has smaller grains (0.5–0.8 μm) and good stability, and the adsorption capacity of water reaches 32 wt% when the relative humidity is 90%. This study provides technical support for the large-scale production of NaX zeolite from lithium slag. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selective extraction of lithium from brines has attracted significant interests with the rapid development of lithium battery industry. LiMn2O4 (LMO) is a typical lithium intercalation material with good redox activity and high theoretical adsorption capacity. However, the poor conductivity and stability of LMO lead to its performance deterioration. Here, LMO was in situ grown on graphene oxide flakes (LMO/GO) by pre-synthesis of Mn3O4 in the presence of GO followed by hydrothermal lithiation. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanic charge/discharge demonstrated the in situ synthesis of LMO on GO and enhanced the reversibility of the redox process and the rate performance of LMO. By adjusting the GO amount, the resultant LMO/GO electrode presented a high adsorption capacity and excellent selectivity for Li+ adsorption in capacitive deionization device. In contrast with pure LMO, the stability and adsorption capacity of LMO/GO were drastically improved with the capacity retention of 80% in 150 cycles. The effect of the other cations (K+, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+) on Li+ adsorption was negligible, and the separation factor reached 47.8 at a Li/Mg molar ratio of 30. When applied for synthetic brine, the electrode held high Li+ adsorption amount of 720.2 μmol g−1, demonstrating the feasibility of LMO/GO for Li+ extraction from brine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zr4+-Doped titanium lithium ion sieve was prepared by high temperature solid phase and ion exchange methods by using TiO2 and LiOH·H2O as raw materials, and Zr（NO3）4·5H2O as doping modifier.X-ray diffraction（XRD）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, and N2 adsorption/desorption technologies were employed to characterize the crystalline, morphology and pore structure of the nano-H2TiO3 lithium ion sieve. Taking H2TiO3 as adsorbent and LiCl solution as simulated brine, the adsorption performances of pH value, reaction time and temperature for Li+ were studied. The results showed that Zr4+ doping did not cause the crystal type change of Li2TiO3. The BET surface area（18.16 m²/g） and pore volume（0.071 2 cm-3/g） of H2TiO3 increased after Zr4+ doping. The adsorption results showed that the increase of pH value was conducive to Li+ adsorption. The lithium adsorption capacity of Zr-H2TiO3 is 21.66 mg/g when pH=12.15, which is higher than that of H2TiO3 lithium-ion sieve（18.79 mg/g）. The Li+ adsorption behavior of H2TiO3 and Zr-H2TiO3 conforms to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating that the process is chemisorption. The positive ΔH value of adsorption reaction indicated that the adsorption process was endothermic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document provides a list of references and citations for books and articles related to labor control, exploitation, and social reproduction. The sources cover a variety of perspectives and disciplines, including economics, geography, political ecology, and feminist theory. These references can serve as a valuable resource for library patrons conducting research on these topics, offering a range of viewpoints to consider. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Elektronik Industrie is the property of Hüthig GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The 'Green economy', a central plank of the sustainable development political and economic international agenda, relies on industrial extraction of water, minerals and other earths to produce 'green energy' to feed capitalist growth. The term Green extractivism describes a global problem that we examine through the case of lithium extraction in the territory of Atacameño-Likanantay (Indigenous) peoples in the Salar de Atacama, Chile. Green extractivism is a multiscalar logic and practice justified in international sustainable development policies, responding to the demands of capital, modifying international and national legal and political instruments, and permeating social, ecological and political realities in the territories of extraction. Green extractivism has many consistencies with the asymmetries of power and economic dependency that characterises the history of extractivism in Chile and Latin America. As such, Green extractivism provides a new logic to sustain consistencies in transnational capitalism. This paper traces national political and legal histories of lithium from the mid-twentieth century, demonstrating the long extractivist relationship between the state and the lithium companies that operate in the Salar de Atacama. We consider, in particular, the dynamics of Atacameño-Likanantay peoples' participation in and refusals of industry and state processes, which trouble extractivist logics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review article presents the results of an exploratory study for illuminating the state of the research concerning public policy in Colombia. A core assumption of the project is that the national capacity (intellectual capital) for producing relevant and thorough research in public policy, theory and practice, is a key element for the quality of its democracy and the sustainability of the system. A systematic documentary review of the research papers produced between 2008 and 2018 was conducted, spanning a total of 1010 papers. The results point to the relevance of continuing this type of study within Colombia and to the need of involving all the stakeholders in a dialogue about how to improve the country's capacity to design, implement, and evaluate sound public policies. Related Articles: Asongu, Simplice A. 2016. "Sino‐African Relations: A Review and Reconciliation of Dominant Schools of Thought." Politics & Policy 44(2): 351–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12152. De Lombaerde, Philippe. 2015. "The Political Economy of Trade Protection in Colombia." Politics & Policy 43(6): 855–86. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12140. Seefeldt, Jennapher Lunde. 2020. "Lessons from the Lithium Triangle: Considering Policy Explanations for the Variation in Lithium Industry Development in the 'Lithium Triangle' Countries of Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia." Politics & Policy 48(4): 727–65. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12365. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The electric field, thermal field, and velocity field in a 60 kA diaphragmless lithium electrolyzer are studied by multiple physical field coupling simulations. The current density distribution, the balance of heat generation, heat dissipation, and the flow field distribution of the lithium electrolyzer are discussed. The velocity distribution is solved by the Euler–Euler two‐phase flow model, and the turbulent flow of electrolyte is solved by the k–ε method. The results show that in an electric‐heat field, there is a constant ratio of current loss, and the current density distribution is not uniform. The electrolyte temperature is evenly distributed, wherein thermal radiation plays a dominant role. In addition, it is found that the velocity distribution of the end‐side interpolar space and the inside interpolar space is different. The influence of electrode distance in the range of 30~60 mm on the flow field is investigated, and the dominance of the electrode distance effect and the eddy current effect is analyzed. The optimal range of electrode distance is 40~50 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]