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From an attachment-theoretical perspective, one would expect insecure attachment styles to have a negative impact on leader–follower relationships. However, a recent review of the literature on attachment style and leader–member exchange (LMX) yielded mixed results. Examining this discrepancy, we applied the principle of attachment-system activation, proposing that when insecurely attached leaders or followers experience more distress at work, attachment style will be a stronger predictor of LMX. Data were gathered from 192 independent leader–follower dyads and analyzed using the actor–partner interdependence model. Like in other studies, investigating the direct link between attachment style and LMX yielded mixed results. However, the link between anxious style and LMX did get stronger when including attachment-system activation in our model, highlighting the relevance of applying key principles from the original theory when studying leadership through the lens of attachment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An interview with an Irish poet Harry Clifton is presented. Topics include Clifton's life, poetry, and creative process; his sense of placelessness rooted in suburban Dublin, Ireland; his book, "Herod's Dispensations", and the evolution of his poetic style. He reflects on his formative years in Dublin, the impact of foreign influences on his work, and the meditative and existential nature of his writing, offering insights into his approach and advice for emerging writers.

The article examines writer Thomas Wentworth Higginson's critical stance toward poet Walt Whitman and the evolving values in poetry during the nineteenth century. Topics include Higginson's dismissal of Whitman's poem "Leaves of Grass," the changing literary tastes that impact the reception of poetry, and the contrasting support for Whitman among later Harvard scholars, including George Santayana and William James.

The article explores the contrasting poetic styles of poets Robert Lowell and Robert Pinsky, highlighting Lowell's confessional approach and Pinsky's didacticism. Topics include the influence of Lowell's work on American poetry, Pinsky's shift away from confessionalism toward social engagement, and how Pinsky's early poem "Poem About People" reflects his externalization of self through observations of the world rather than interiority.

The article critiques poet William Shakespeare's use of language, particularly in the play "Richard II" examining how the play explores the relationship between words and psychological states. Topics include Tolstoy and D.H. Lawrence's criticisms of Shakespeare's verbose style, the dynamics of consolation through language, and the contrasting approaches to emotional expression between characters like Bolingbroke and Richard.

Copyright of Nesir: Journal of Literary Studies / Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Nesir: Journal of Literary Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Academic communication is a set of professional communication types used in the scientific community. Academic communication at bachelor's, master's, doctorate levels of education, scientific seminars, training, conferences and symposia, scientific discussions, dissertation defenses, etc. refers to the communication used. Academic communication is the creation of a professional public speech designed to have a purposeful effect on the listeners, enabling them to acquire or accept knowledge on this or that scientific section. It is a field of knowledge about the regularities and conditions of effectiveness of the machine. When we say professional speech, we mean the words of a teacher, a scholar, etc. speech, and public speech refers to a speech aimed at multiple audiences. Types of public speech (academic speech, diplomatic speech, court speech, etc.) and genres (lecture, lecture, speech, campaign speech, etc.) are distinguished. Academic communication is also manifested in oral and written form. While writing the text in both forms of academic communication, the norms of the scientific and literary speech styles of the literary language of Azerbaijan, as well as the international norms of academic communication and the requirements must be strictly followed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses an unpublished letter from Voltaire to Dr. John Carr, a headmaster from Hertfordshire, dated August 16, 1774. In the letter, Voltaire thanks Carr for his translations of Lucian's dialogues and expresses appreciation for the gift. Carr, who was known for translating Lucian's works, received mixed reviews for his translations, with some praising his ability to capture the essence of the text while others critiqued his approach. The letter provides insight into Voltaire's literary interests and his approval of Carr's translations, hinting at a connection between the two figures. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction: Adolescent mental health has been an issue of global concern, and the mental health of adolescents in economically disadvantaged areas may require additional research. The research delves into factors associated with economically disadvantaged areas' adolescent mental health, employing family systems theory, self-determination theory, and psychological reactance theory. Specifically, the present study which was done in Jingzhou country, an economically disadvantaged area of Hunan Province, China, aimed to examine the link between parental psychological control and adolescent mental health, as well as the mediating roles of psychological reactance and problematic smartphone use in this relationship. Methods: A sample of 1300 Chinese middle school students (620 girls, mean age = 14.22 ± 1.29) completed self-reported measures of parental psychological control, psychological reactance, problematic smartphone use, and adolescent mental health. Results: Results showed that parental psychological control was negatively associated with adolescent mental health. Psychological reactance and problematic smartphone use mediated the association between parental psychological control and adolescent mental health, separately and serially. Discussion: The findings of the present study enrich the literature on parenting styles and adolescent mental health in economically disadvantaged areas, and this provides an intervention perspective to reduce the negative impact of poor parenting on adolescent mental health in economically disadvantaged areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chengchongbai leihan [Faithful Letters of Eternal Truth], written by Karl F. A. Gützlaff, a missionary to China in the 19th century, was the first Chinese epistolary novel. It began with an “open-book poem,” and created nine fictional letters telling the story of overseas Chinese businessman LIU Xingming’s sojourn in order to promote Christian theology. This article argues that, in addition to the influence of Chinese and Western epistolary traditions and historical situations, behind the choice of this style of “epistolary novel,” there was also a definite religious motive. The nine letters corresponded to the nine “Attributes of God,” as found in the Doctrine of God of systematic theology. Gutzlaff presented this theological core through the outer framework of his novel, and he actually held a notion of religious literature view from “Lieshi shehua.” His arbitrary use of the “specious show” of literature was used to convey the “reality” of the Christian faith. He used the narrative perspective of “internal focus” found in epistolary novels, which then became the basis of reforming the traditional style of Chinese literature, although, he recklessly used pagan words to bring these “Attributes of God” to the Chinese in the late Qing dynasty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pınar Kür is a Turkish writer who has produced important works in the field of short stories and novels since the 1970s. She has made significant contributions to literature with her novels and short story books. Kür's works are postmodern They are the products of a contemporary and innovative artist. Pınar Kür's literary style is characterized by She stands out with her character analysis and social criticism. Her works are the most important works of women in Turkish literature. He left his mark on a period when he raised his voice. With works that are still read and discussed today, Pınar Kür is remembered as an important figure in Turkish literature. The author describes the characters' experiences in the past. nostalgia through the memories of their experiences, and through this feeling, they are able to understand their inner worlds. in depth. The author often uses the nostalgic feelings experienced by his characters as a It reflects the relationship with the past and individual changing values. Characters in the stories reflect the past not only as a memoir but also as a reckoning with the events and attitudes he experienced. also sees it as such. In this context, the phenomenon of "going back to the past" is frequently seen in Pınar Kür's stories. In Pınar Kür's stories, memories are used in the identity formation of characters, their inner evolution and individual how they shape their experiences. Memories, their symbolic meanings, space and by dealing with their relationships with objects and the characters' emotional ties to their pasts. It aims to analyze the multidimensional structures of memories in Kür's works. to understand how coming to terms with the past is told through the power of literature and to understand how Pınar Kür's stories to explore the deep intellectual experience it offers to the reader. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through close readings of William Langland, John Keats, Anne Carson, and Ben Lerner, this essay describes an enigmatic effect in and of English literature. Proposing Christian apophaticism as both source and analogue of literary styles, the essay introduces the concept of "apophatic effects," references to a literary realm not merely virtual but definitively inaccessible to perception. The imaginative leap that modern scholars value in English literature, epitomized by Keats's speaker's reflections on the urn, is a form of theological thinking that has forgotten where it came from. The essay touches on the relationship between literature and theology, the formation of the discipline of English, the definition of lyric, and Keats's influence on contemporary North American avant-garde poetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heraclitus' fragments employ a powerful literary technique which is used to convey information without giving it directly: the texts appeal to sensation and bodily experience to evoke spatial scenes and so become intuitively comprehensible and display a surprisingly vivid quality. The means to bring this effect about can be analysed and explained with approaches from cognitive studies. This article presents three criteria to analyse vividness in spatial scenes and applies them to four fragments of Heraclitus in order to show how the text makes use of perceptual structures and exploits them to convey information without the recipient noticing it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hagiographical works of the Kraków Cathedral Canon Jan Długosz (1415–1480) have received modest attention from scholars as examples of his literary style or mentality and his treatment of topics such as the model of Church-State relations. Nonetheless, compared to his monumental Annales and many of his other works, they remain relatively understudied. This paper examines his Vita Kunegundis as a source for his religiosity. Despite the strict constraints of the genre and despite the fact the work contains little new material in terms of episodes or major turns of narrative—which Długosz derived very largely from an anonymous fourteenth-century predecessor—it is argued that a considerable amount can be gleaned on the subject, as well as related matters such as Długosz's norms for female piety and sense of religious duty. In many cases, it is his elaboration of details, and the shifts of emphasis they bring, which allow for this kind of analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of GENDER: Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft is the property of Verlag Barbara Budrich GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Alexander Pushkin, the renowned writer of the 19th century and the golden age of Russian literature, has presented original and unparalleled works to world literature with his unique literary style and language. In the present study, after elucidating the theory of intertextuality by Gerard Genette and considering the requirements of this theory and employing the method of content and thematic analysis along with comparative reading of narrative elements, the famous tale "The Dead Princess and the Seven Knights" by Alexander Pushkin, the illustrious poet of the 19th century Russia, has been scrutinized and critiqued. The analysis indicates that Pushkin's tale has intertextual relationships with numerous texts including three tales: "Sleeping Princess" by Vasily Zhukovsky, "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" by the Brothers Grimm, and "Sleeping Beauty" by Charles Perrault. In other words, it serves as an echo of its predecessors. The comparative critique and analysis of these tales, besides confirming structural and narrative similarities among them, suggests that they all share a common underlying theme despite their Russian adaptations: a beautiful girl cursed by envy or revenge falls into a deep sleep but is ultimately rescued and the tale ends happily. The intertextual relationships between the tales leave no doubt about their intertextuality for Pushkin's tale, although Pushkin, by adhering to Russian narrative traditions, has deviated from mere imitation and infused the Russian spirit into this tale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Perífrasis. Revista de Literatura, Teoría y Crítica is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article considers the intimate connections between proximity, temporality and metanarrative in selected thirteenth- and fourteenth-century multi-text manuscripts of Benoît de Sainte-Maure's Roman de Troie (c. 1165) and the Roman d'Eneas (c. 1155), arguing that all display a desire for narratives of the past to construct collective meaning in the later medieval present. It uses the phrase romance historicity/ies to explore the compilatory metanarratives that these books construct, arguing that romance as a genre displays a multifaceted concept of history that combines linear chronology, thematic repetition and narratives of heroic individuals, which is demonstrated in varying degrees in these manuscripts. It highlights that although genre is indeed an important organising principle in such narratives, the relationship between romance and history is fluid even within this generic horizon of expectation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

M.A. Sholokhov in the novel "And Quiet Flows The Don" created a unique gallery of original female images – the images of the Cossacks. This article is devoted to the consideration and understanding of the role of female images in the course of the narrative of the Vyoshenskaya (UpperDon) uprising – the key event of the third book and the novel "And Quiet Flows the Don" as a whole. When creating the characters of the Cossacks, Sholokhov seeks to follow the historical truth and embody the disharmonious state of the world, where women, faced with revolutionary and military events, for the most part do not take part in the political struggle and retain their inherent gender traits – female wisdom, sensitivity, comprehensive mercy. The artistic representation of the Cossack women in the chapters on the Vyoshensky uprising is considered as one of the characteristic features of M. A. Sholokhov, since it was in the system of female images that the spiritual and valuable essence of any non-warrior who fell into the events of the Civil War was embodied with particular clarity and relief.

Henning K. Sehmsdorf's book "Myth and Tradition in Norwegian Literature and Folklife: Essays" explores the intersection of myth and literature in Norwegian culture. The book delves into the traditional storytelling practices of Scandinavia, challenging the notion of folklore as anonymous by highlighting the individual storytellers behind the tales. Sehmsdorf's work also examines the influence of myth on Scandinavian literary works, offering insights into psychological growth and transformation through storytelling. The book provides a comprehensive overview of Norwegian folklore, literature, and cultural beliefs, making it a valuable resource for those interested in Scandinavian studies. [Extracted from the article]

The article "Poetry in Sagas of Icelanders" by Margaret Clunies Ross explores the role of poetry in Icelandic sagas over a 200-year period. Clunies Ross argues that saga writers made deliberate choices about which poems to include and how to use them to suit changing aesthetic tastes. The article delves into the authenticity of the poetry in sagas, the clustering of verses, and the subject matter of the poetry. Clunies Ross also discusses kennings of men and women in sagas, as well as the absence of poetry in some sagas. The article provides valuable insights into the literary and historical significance of poetry in Icelandic sagas. [Extracted from the article]

In this conversation with Max Ward, David Peace discusses his motivations for writing the Tokyo Trilogy, the historical research that went into it, and the political questions related to postwar Japan that he wanted to pursue. They then discuss the responsibility of historical crime fiction, as well as the literary, cultural and philosophical sources that influence Peace's unique style of what he calls "occult history." The conversation took place on December 15, 2023, and the transcript was subsequently edited and annotated for content and readability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing linguistic and non-linguistic studies on Femi Osofisan's The Engagement (TE) and his other plays have articulated the revolutionary dialectics that characterise his works. Besides the fact that TE has not been sufficiently explored, scholarly information on Osofisan's construction of marriage proposal remains under-reported. Taking insights from aspects of literary stylistics (LS), this study examines the construction of marriage proposal in TE with a view to describing the implications of such construction for Yoruba culture. Engaging aspects of LS, ten purposively selected excerpts, relating to contextual construction of engagement are subjected to literary stylistic analysis. The study reveals that Osofisan adopts satire, humour and songs to trivialise marriage proposal as a relevant aspect of Yoruba cultural belief. Rather than describing the contextual description of marriage proposal within the Yoruba cultural perspective, Osofisan satirises marriage institution by creating conflict to orchestrate to characters' follies, lampoon inherent complexities in human relations and depict the collapse of good parenting, especially in marriage. A literary stylistic reading of TE reveals the robust attachment of Osofisan to the Yoruba cultural values, and describes the smooth interaction between his art and social commitment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sample Essay of Comparison and Reference Between Vernacular and Classical Chinese compiled by Liu Tieleng was a writing textbook born in the era of the May Fourth Movement of Vernacular Literature. By examining this book as a case study, one can theoretically reflect the influence of the era's trends on the author's writing teaching principles, as well as reflect the changes in the content and form of the book. "The Comparison and Reference Between Vernacular and Classical Chinese" in the book adapted to the advocacy of promoting vernacular writing, while "The Demonstration of the principles and techniques of writing through examples of literary style" also demonstrates the changes in genre classification and writing teaching during the transitional period, such as the juxtaposition of new and old styles, and the coexistence of "Actual Style" and "Teaching Style". These all vividly showcase the situation of writing education during this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study in notoriety emphasizes the way in which literature is placed in the face of the fight against prejudice that arises in the face of the northeast region of the country, observing the valuable contributions of the poem “Ser nordestino”, written by Braulio Bessa, as a sensitive portrait of the culture of region and the fantastic opportunities for perceiving the fundamental right to culture associated with literature – the poem brings the conception of pride and belonging in the face of the northeast of Brazil from an identity perspective. Important observations about cordel literature were addressed in the light of the aforementioned poem in a perspective of re-signification of law through this literary style. Also highlighted were legal and social perceptions of popular culture associated with reflections on cordel literature. As for the method chosen, the proposal of phenomenology is observed, which has given the study of legal science the ability to deal with issues beyond the legal text, that is, the method understands law as an event that is affected in an essential way by the literature, since both walk through the proposal of interdisciplinarity and contribute significantly to the understanding of human relationships. It is important to rethink the literature in a prominent space in legal discussions related to social rights, since the appreciation of popular culture cannot find clashes, considering its relevance for the defense of diversity and the fight against prejudice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Choice preferences for the compromise option are one common way to make decisions which has received a great deal of research attention to seek a richer understanding of consumers' product choices. Prior research has focused on investigating the various factors underlying the compromise choice. Given that the literature on cognitive style provides considerable evidence of how a holistic‐analytic thinking style influences consumers' decision‐making processes, this article applies an individual‐differences perspective to examine the influence of consumers' situationally activated styles of thinking on their choice of compromise option. We conduct two separate experimental studies in Korea and in France, as representatives of holistic‐and analytic‐thinking culture, respectively, and identify whether priming consumers to think either holistically or analytically induces the shift in their thinking tendencies and consequently in their choice behavior. The results demonstrate a significant interaction between consumers' culture and the priming condition; French consumers have a greater tendency to select compromise option in holistic‐prime condition, while Korean consumers have a lower tendency to select compromise option in analytic‐prime condition. Contributing to literature not only on compromise choice, but also on priming effects of thinking style, the findings provide useful managerial insights into implementing effective global strategies for compromise‐option product ranges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is an overview of the volume of Cracow Indological Studies, which focuses on the theme of violence in Indian culture. The articles in this volume examine violence in visual and textual sources from the Vedic to contemporary periods. The articles cover a range of topics, including the use of whips in the Mahābhārata, violence as devotion in the Jai mini Cycle of Tales, cruel substances in Tamil Siddha alchemical texts, and representations of violent deities in South Asian artwork. The volume also explores violence in the Mahābhārata's narratives, the Pāṇḍya dynastic narrative, and Rajput-related textual sources. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the challenges faced by Rika Inami while translating the English tanka and haiku of Indian poet Prof. Ram Krishna Singh into Japanese fixed-form poetry. Topics include the differences between English syllables and Japanese moras, the complexities of translating poetic structures, and the role of spirituality in Singh's work.

Copyright of Bulletin of Ablai Khan KazUIRandWL: Series 'Philological sciences' is the property of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations & World Languages and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In what sense are literary techniques historically contingent? This essay considers how William Faulkner's mode of stream of consciousness developed from As I Lay Dying (1930) to The Town (1957). It questions how the same formal presentation of stream of consciousness achieves opposed aesthetic effects: across three decades, character difference becomes sameness, individuality turns to collectivity, and as midcentury readers lamented, the distinctiveness of the Faulknerian voice disappears. The first half of this study identifies a shift in Faulkner's stream-of-consciousness novels from obscuring to displaying signs of technological mediation, while the second half aligns this trend with an editorial process that foregrounded the role of the typewriter. Tracing these ideas to an analogous theory of the unconscious by psychologist William James, who gave currency to the phrase "stream of consciousness," this essay argues that the Faulknerian voice—and perhaps literary techniques writ large—depends on processes of mediation irreducible to, yet constitutive of, literary form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Item response tree (IRTree) approaches have received increasing attention in the response style literature due to their capability to partial out response style latent traits from content-related latent traits by considering separate decisions for agreement and level of agreement. Additionally, it has shown that the functioning of the intensity of agreement decision may depend upon the agreement decision with an item, so that the item parameters and person parameters may differ by direction of agreement; when the parameters across direction are the same, this is called directional invariance. Furthermore, for non-cognitive psychological constructs, it has been argued that the response process may be best described as following an unfolding process. In this study, a family of IRTree models to handle unfolding responses with the agreement decision following the hyperbolic cosine model and the intensity of agreement decision following a graded response model is investigated. This model family also allows for investigation of item- and person-level directional invariance. A simulation study is conducted to evaluate parameter recovery; model parameters are estimated with a fully Bayesian approach using JAGS (Just Another Gibbs Sampler). The proposed modeling scheme is demonstrated with two data examples with multiple model comparisons allowing for varying levels of directional invariance and unfolding versus dominance processes. An approach to visualizing the final model item response functioning is also developed. The article closes with a short discussion about the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Quran was revealed when literary arts were at their peak. The Quran not only surprised its audience with its literary aspects but also with its contents. In this manner, it includes informing clues about scientific facts that could only be discovered centuries later in historical processes. With the advancement of science, it has become apparent how much the information provided by the Quran aligns with scientific realities These developments have proven that the Holy Quran is a book that appeals to the ages not only during the time of the Prophet, but also until the end of time, in terms of its magnificent miraculousness and the fact that it has determined scientific facts in advance. The scientific miracle of the Quran emerged with the scientific exposition of remarkable information that was yet unknown at the time of its revelation but was discovered through the advancement of science. For the first time even before the development of modern sciences, the Quran spoke perfectly about the solar system, the creation of humans from sperm, and the development process of the embryo. Muslims have never had doubts about the miraculous nature of the Quran concerning its literary style and eloquence. In this article, the clear reality of the Quran's miraculous nature from both scientific and rhetorical perspectives where discussed. The research aims to understand the relationship between modern science and Quranic verses and enlightens the literary and scientific aspects of the Quran. Additionally, the problem of comprehension and interpretation of Quranic verses Quranic verses with a scientific approach and the issue of some people not knowing about or being convinced by the scientific miracles in the Quran have been examined through inductive reasoning. In this context, classical and contemporary Islamic scholars' works have been consulted as a fundamental method to ensure the presentation of data regarding the miraculous nature of the Quran, and efforts have been made to extract evidence by analyzing Quranic verses. This study reached the following definite conclusions: The Quran has been proven to be miraculous both scientifically and rhetorically. The fact that the Quran provides proven scientific evidence proves that it is the word of Allah and that Muhammad is the messenger of Allah. The Quran contains many accurate scientific facts that were not known to humans at the period of its revelation. The magnificent structure of the verses of the Quran, decorated with literary arts, has revealed that it is definitely not of human origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most modern biographies of Dickens refer to his first major assignment for the Morning Chronicle : a trip to Edinburgh to report on a Festival in honor of Lord Grey. The visit has become celebrated by the inclusion, in the resulting newspaper copy, of a 238-word passage which, it has been remarked, "would not have been out of place in one of Boz's Monthly tales" (Slater 43). The present paper considers the fiercely bipartisan political atmosphere at the time, its expression in the contemporary press, and the impact on it of the famous passage. It is suggested that a jokey contemporary comment on the passage represents the earliest recovered quasi-personification of Dickens's authorial presence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a contemplative perspective on the literary style and influence of Ernest Hemingway, renowned for his literary accomplishments in his short stories, novels, nonfiction essays, journalism, and drama. Emphasizing the interplay between Hemingway's life and his work, this study delves into the writer's substantial impact, particularly on the short story, despite his better-known association with the novel. It scrutinizes the ethical complexities and moral relativism inherent in Hemingway's character depiction and also shows the profound influence of World War I on Hemingway's literary output, shedding light on its resonance within his short stories and books. Moreover, it investigates Hemingway's insatiable thirst for sociocultural insights, a trait leaving indelible imprints across much of his body of work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, six alifnames of Kurdish (Kurmanji) literature are introduced as a literary style and Siyahpoş and Sheikh Ehmedê Feqîr’s elifnames are analyzed in detail. The alifnames of Siyahpoş, Sheikh Ehmedê Feqîr, Weda‘î and Ce‘ferqulî Zengelî were written in the field of classical literature and in Kurdish. Yûsifê Terxanî’s alifname was written in folk literature and in Kurmanji, while Mela Ebdulfettahê Hezroyî’s was written in classical literature and in Arabic. The aim of this study is to introduce elifnames written in Kurmanji dialect of Kurdish literature and to examine their characteristics. For this purpose, after the introductory chapter, the conceptual framework, subject matter, characteristics and organization of alifnames, as well as the place of elifnames in Kurmanji literature are mentioned and six Kurmanji alifnames are analyzed in terms of organization and content. Subsequently, the subjects of elifnames, their organization, and their place in Kurmanji literature are mentioned, and six examples of Kurmanji literature are analyzed in terms of their organization and content. The characteristics of Siyahpoş’s and Fakir’s alifnames have been determined in detail and their organization is shown in tables. The texts of both elifnames are included at the end of the study. As a result of the research, we understand that Kurmanji poets preferred flat alifnames in terms of organization. Siyahpoş û Feqîr experimented with an original style, which shows their productivity. Kurmanji poets wrote about the existence, unity and sovereignty of Allah, the love and praise of the Prophet, some religious subjects and human love. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paradigm of written language and the transformation of literary styles hold significant symbolic importance in the modern transformation of Chinese literature. In this process, Liang Qichao, who was at the center of the era's stage, and his literary practices have a pioneering historical significance. Liang's fluid and changeable cultural character during the transition period is closely related to his continuous encounter with new knowledge, new ideas, and new cultures. Against the backdrop of Western learning spreading to the East, Liang read extensively from various ancient and modern Chinese and Western classics and renewed the established literary styles through his newspaper propaganda practices. Liang's New Literary Style is greatly related to reading and imitating Japanese literature, especially during his stay in Japan after The Hundred Days Reform. The New Literary Style is linked to knowledge and possesses a unique charm on the emotional level, and its demise also comes from this characteristic itself. Understanding the New Literary Style in the process of the evolution of the traditional literature between modern China and Japan can provide a glimpse into the historical process from reformed classical Chinese to reformed vernacular Chinese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores Arab theories of socialist realism in the 1950s with a focus on the literary battles among Marxist-oriented critics in Egypt and Lebanon who debated literature's role in creating a homogenous form of culture in an ideal socialist state. Analyzing works by Egyptian literary critic Mahmud Amin al-ʿAlim (1922–2009) and the Lebanese Marxist critic Husayn Muruwwah (1910–1987), I explore how these thinkers understood socialist realism. Their conceptions of realism were a hybrid of Sartre's existential call for a littérature engagée and the Soviet doctrine of socialist realism; however, these critics' brand of realism had its own demons, specifically those that had to do with chance. Al-ʿAlim, for example, theorized coincidence as a scientific principle that could accommodate the accidental and yet remain universally valid as a philosophical method of literary and social critique. Muruwwah treated chance in relation to authorial mistake, promoting a realism that would contain potential mistakes on the road to an ideal socialist existence. The article explores how they approach chance in relation to both literary creation and its occurrence as an uncalculated event in the world represented in the literary work. It outlines how the two writers conceived of a realist literature that would provide a rational and scientific understanding of totality. Their approaches, the article illustrates, confront idealism and materialism in literary criticism, using the terms نقد (criticism) and منهج (method). To conclude, the article demonstrates how their theories mobilize the role chance plays in literary creation to push back against concurrent existentialist and romantic trends that were seen to foreground the solipsism of authorial subjectivity. It argues that their deployment of chance adapts socialist realism to respond to debates on cultural autonomy and authorial agency in the Cold War Arab world. Their treatment of chance reveals how they adapted literary trends to speak to possibilities of Arab literary autonomy in the time period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work is to present and justify the proemato as a hybrid literary genre from different literary positions, through the analysis and comparison of some poetic and short narrative texts with the proematos of the Costa Rican writer Jorhan Chaverri. Characteristics are established that allow differentiating the proemato from other genres and styles of literary writing, which supports the conclusion that it is a (hybrid) genre that comes from the combination of poetry, narrative and micronarrative, but at the same time distinguished from them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the vantagepoint of a feminist/queer/cisgender narratologist, “Trans-forming Narratology” asks which aspects of narrative practice might be particularly salient to developing a fruitful trans narratology while also calling our attention to elements of narrative that conventional (cis)narratology has undervalued or ignored. Keeping in mind matters that might be particularly relevant to trans narratives, this speculative essay explores aspects of voice, embodiment, character space, plotting, and closure in a set of recent American and British novels. It considers ways in which trans narratives can exploit the gender freedom of the first-person English pronoun or, conversely, signal temporally dual identities through heterodiegetic naming practices. It addresses tensions between a character’s proclaimed gender and their assigned sex and the differing implications of texts with narratees who are also textual actors and those whose narratees serve as external confidantes. Through brief forays into multiple aspects of narrative form, this essay argues for a narratology that can show the rich and varied capacities of trans writings past and present, with the hope that attention to trans narratives will both deepen our understanding of trans literature and advance the larger project of a comprehensive, situated narratology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-human metaphors, including animal metaphors, are widely used to evoke trans experiences, but the blooming flowers and hatching butterflies are often reduced to mere tropes or clichés. This article investigates what a narrative approach to these non-human metaphors can offer us to reconceptualize trans existence. I employ Benjamin Biebuyck and Gunther Martens’s concept of the ‘paranarrative,’ which allows us to look at metaphors as creating an additional narrative layer where aspects of the main narrative can be deepened, nuanced, or even contested. In two case studies, I unearth hidden sides of trans experience evoked through non-human metaphors on a paranarrative level. In Marieke Lucas Rijneveld’s novel Mijn lieve gunsteling, animal metaphors ranging from otters to birds bring to the surface a view of transness not limited to gender, but one that entails feelings of isolation and even uncontrollable desires. The metaphors in the novel Wormmaan by Mariken Heitman likewise raise attention to the connectedness between human, plants, and matter that society has tried to contain in limiting categorizations, such as gender divisions. By broadening the scope of trans as an embodied experience across various boundaries, this article calls for an expansive approach to trans narratology that reaches beyond gender towards the variety of affects that trans is capable of exposing [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the overlaps between a fictional paratext and a fictional personal narrative, as framed within Jordy Rosenberg’s 2018 novel Confessions of the Fox. The novel’s primary narrative, a “manuscript” of the metafictional biography of eighteenth-century transgender criminal célèbre Jack Sheppard, is encased in multiple layers of heavy footnoting by the novel’s narrator, Dr. Voth, a trans scholar himself. Rosenberg manipulates the novel form with insertions of substantial paratextual narrative, crossing over and at times mirroring Sheppard’s story, blending queer theorizations of temporality with narrative structural innovations to explore a trans “touch across time.” Rosenberg thus queers the nature and function of the paratext, reimagining and complicating its centrality to both the narrative “presenting” and the temporal “making present” of an individual narrative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transgender autobiographies have been a subject of narratology since the 1990s. Most of these studies have focused predominantly on twentieth- and, later, twenty-first-century texts, guided by the increasing availability of primary sources and the temporal limitations of transgender history. And yet, as Jay Prosser argued in his influential 1998 work Second Skins: The Body Narratives of Sexuality, “even without the official discourse of sex change, the plot lines of nineteenth- and early twentieth-century transgendered subjects are remarkably consistent with those of contemporary transsexuals” (133). This article expands the chronology and geography of narratological analysis of this genre through reading Notes of a Cavalry Maiden [Zapiski kavalerist-devitsy] (1836) by Aleksandr Aleksandrov (Nadezhda Durova) (1783–1866), a Russian-Ukrainian hero of the Napoleonic wars, as a transgender autobiography. This reading brings into consideration new forms, affects, and narrative structures as constituent elements of trans narratives and has the potential to expand anglophone trans imaginaries past the confines of their current locations and temporalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]