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With the aim of effectively removing tannin from Rosa roxburghii juice, reducing astringency, and enhancing its taste, chemical precipitation was applied, and ginger protein was used as the tannin remover. Besides, tannin removal rate and vitamin C (VC) retention rate were adopted as the key analytical parameters. In addition, single-factor experiment and orthogonal test were used to determine the optimal tannin removal process for ginger protein. The results were as follows: (1) The optimal conditions for removing tannin from R. roxburghii juice with ginger protein were a liquid-solid ratio of 30∶1.2 (mL∶g), R. roxburghii juice pH of 3.0, a stirring temperature of 5 ℃, and a stirring time of 30 min. (2) According to orthogonal test analysis, the degree of influence of various factors on removing tannin from R. roxburghii juice was liquid-solid ratio > stirring temperature > R. roxburghii juice pH > stirring time. (3) Under the optimal process conditions, the tannin removal rate and VC retention rate were (47.451±0.608)% and（75.904±1.244）% respectively. (4) Under the optimal process conditions, juice transmittance rate increased from (8.44±0.662)% to (92.47±0.397)%, the astringency of R. roxburghii juice was significantly reduced, and its flavor was improved. In summary, this study provides a novel approach and a new technological route for solving common key technical problems faced by the deep processing industry of R. roxburghii juice and also provides a certain technical reference for exploiting ginger resources comprehensively.

Abstract To explore the influence of wind speed on the quality of tobacco in this study, we employed a heat pump-powered intensive curing barn and a three-stage curing process. By evaluating the influence of fan parameters on the quality of tobacco leaves at different curing stages, the optimal wind speed was determined. After adopting the optimized wind speed process, the degradation of macromolecular substances was faster, the accumulation of aroma substances was delayed to 55 °C, and the accumulation was more complete. Among them, the contents of reducing sugar and total sugar in flue-cured tobacco leaves were 22.25% and 29.2%, respectively, which were lower than those in the control group. The sugar was converted into more aroma substances, and the total amount of neutral aroma substances was 48.82% higher than that of the control group. The content of related aroma substances increased significantly. The content of petroleum ether extract related to aroma substances increased by 0.93% compared with the control group. The macromolecular substances were degraded more fully than the control group, such as the starch content decreased to 1.56%. The results of metabolomics showed that the contents of aldehydes, heterocyclic compounds, alcohols, ketones and esters increased significantly in different degrees after this process. These results show that the optimization of wind speed parameters can significantly improve the baking quality of tobacco leaves. This study provides a reference for the optimization of the flue-cured tobacco baking process.

Aiming at the problem of negative migration in multi-task recommendation, the multi-task recommen-dation model of dual perception gated interaction (DPGI-MTRM) is proposed. Firstly, in the multi-task sharing network and the proprietary network, the dual-sensing feature extraction module (called the dual-sensing expert layer) is innovatively designed. Its function is to obtain the element-level and vector-level dual-sensing feature representation for the input features. Secondly, a task interaction layer is proposed on the basis of the gated network, which interactively calculates the features output by the gated network to extract high-level semantic relevance between tasks, and at the same time uses the residual method plus the original input gated feature vector to reduce possible noise interference caused by task interaction. Finally, by stacking a dual perception expert layer and a gated interaction layer, and then connecting the neural network output layer of a specific task, a multi-task recommendation model of dual perception gated interaction is obtained. In addition, the multi-objective optimization method of gradient normalization is used during model training, so that the model can better converge. Experiments are conducted on the Census-income, Synthetic Data and Ali-CCP datasets, and the AUC (area under curve) and MSE (mean square error) indicators are used for evaluation. Experimental results show that the proposed model performs better than other benchmark models and achieves more advanced performance.

Since the first proposal by Seeman in 1982, DNA nanostructures have been gradually improved, and have been widely developed and applied to the field of biomedical fields. In recent years, as a representative of 3D DNA nanostructures, tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNA) has made certain research progress and has good application prospects in frontier fields such as biosensors, tumor therapy, antigen detection, regenerative medicine, with the advantages of their good biocompatibility, editability, high stability and easy preparation. This paper briefly describes the concepts of tFNA, and summarizes the applications and research progress of tFNA in the following fields from the perspective of therapeutic applications: ① Building novel self-assembled complexes to improve the efficacy of free drugs, carrying small RNA molecules to slow down tumor progression, and self-assembled complexes for targeted therapy, etc, as biological vectors and tumor drug delivery. ② Regulating inflammation and immune response, such as reducing the level of inflammatory factors, treating inflammatory diseases, preventing diabetes, and acting as immunomodulators, etc. ③ Enhancing tissue regeneration, such as promoting stem cell proliferation and differentiation, stimulating peripheral nerve regeneration, and facilitating wound repair through angiogenesis. This review summarizes the research progress of tFNA, and looks forward to its application prospects based on the analysis of the shortcomings of existing research, in order to provide reference for further research.

Renin⁃angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis, water and electrolyte balance in the body, and angiotensin converting enzyme Ⅱ (ACE2) and its axis of action angiotensin⁃(1⁃7) [Ang⁃(1⁃7)] and Mas receptor (MasR) composed of Ang⁃(1⁃7) and MasR axis can play an important role in this process, it can widely participate in the pathophysiological process of central nervous system diseases. Based on the structure and function of RAS, this study plans to sort out the latest relevant research results on the role of ACE2⁃Ang⁃(1⁃7)⁃MasR axis in ischemic stroke, cognitive dysfunction, anxiety state and neurodegenerative disease, improve the understanding of researchers and clinicians, and provide ideas for the development of new targets for central nervous system disease drugs in the future.

Background and Objectives: In the context of prehospital care, spinal immobilization is commonly employed to maintain cervical stability in head and neck injury patients. However, its use in cases of unclear consciousness or major trauma patients is often precautionary, pending the exclusion of unstable spinal injuries through appropriate diagnostic imaging. The impact of prehospital C-spinal immobilization in these specific patient populations remains uncertain. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study at Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital from January 2009 to May 2019, focusing on trauma patients suspected of head and neck injuries. The primary outcome assessed was in-hospital mortality. We employed multivariable logistic regression to investigate the relationship between prehospital C-spine immobilization and outcomes, while adjusting for various factors such as age, gender, type of traumatic brain injury, Injury Severity Score (ISS), Revised Trauma Score (RTS), and activation of trauma team. Results: Our analysis encompassed 2733 patients. Among these, patients in the unclear consciousness group (GCS ≤ 8) who underwent C-spine immobilization exhibited a higher mortality rate than those without immobilization. However, there was no statistically significant difference in mortality among patients with alert consciousness (GCS > 8). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that advanced age (age ≥ 65), unclear consciousness (GCS ≤ 8), major traumatic injuries (ISS ≥ 16 and RTS ≤ 7), and the use of neck collars for immobilization (adjusted OR: 1.850, 95% CI: 1.240–2.760, p = 0.003) were significantly associated with an increased risk of mortality. Subgroup analysis indicated that C-spine immobilization was significantly linked to an elevated risk of mortality in older adults (age ≥ 65), patients with unclear consciousness (GCS ≤ 8), those with major traumatic injuries (ISS ≥ 16 and RTS ≤ 7), and individuals in shock (shock index > 1). Conclusions: While our findings do not advocate for the complete abandonment of neck collars in all suspected head and neck injury patients, our study suggests that prehospital cervical and spinal immobilization should be applied more selectively in certain head and neck injury populations. This approach is particularly relevant for older individuals (age ≥ 65), those with unclear consciousness (GCS ≤ 8), individuals experiencing major traumatic injuries (ISS ≥ 16 or RTS ≤ 7), and patients in a state of shock (shock index ≥ 1). Our study employs a retrospective cohort design, which may introduce selection bias. Therefore, in the future, there is a need for confirmation of our results through a two-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) arises, as this design is considered ideal for addressing this issue.

The self-assembly of thorium complexes can be largely affected by ligand, while the role of alkali cations in the self-assembly requires further exploration. In this work, a series of thorium sulfate complexes were obtained by adding different alkali metal cations in the reactions, showing that alkali cations play a significant role in determining the topology and the hydrolysis product of thorium complexes. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses reveal that the incorporations of K+ and Cs+ ions result in a series of thorium sulfate structures with different dimensionalites, which include 1D chain, 2D layered network, and 3D frameworks. The larger Cs+ ion promotes the formation of two-dimensional layered topology and a rare ［Th3(μ3-O)］10+ trimeric polynuclear center. Rather than playing an innocent role in directing the structure, this work shows that alkali counterions affect both the overall topology and the nucleation of affording complexes.

BACKGROUND The detection of trace mercury in rocks typically provides biased and non-reliable results because of the complex internal unit cell structure, incomplete hot water bath acid hydrolysis extraction, volatilization loss, and contact pollution. OBJECTIVES To establish a more effective method for the determination of trace mercury concentrations in rocks. METHODS Dual-channel atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) and domestic solid sampling-cold atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) were used to detect the total concentration of trace mercury in rocks. RESULTS Under the optimized conditions of dual-channel AFS, the samples were extracted in a boiling water bath with 80% aqua regia solution for 50min. The current was 30mA, the negative high voltage was 280V, the carrier gas flow was 600mL/min, and the shielding gas flow was 1000mL/min. The concentration range was 0.05-2μg/L, and the linear correlation coefficient was greater than 0.999. The sample weight was 0.2g, method detection limit was 0.285μg/kg, and relative standard deviation was 7.3%-15.3%. For domestic solid sampling-cold AAS, the sample was determined by direct injection without chemical digestion. The carrier gas flow was 180mL/min, pyrolysis process was conducted for 60s at 700℃. The concentration range was determined to be 0.05-5ng, and the linear correlation coefficient was greater than 0.999. The sample weight was 0.1g, method detection limit was 0.046μg/kg, and relative standard deviation was 1.3%-4.2%. CONCLUSIONS The solid sampling-cold AAS was found to be more effective than dual-channel AFS in terms of operation, detection limit, and stability. It is more suitable for the determination of trace mercury in rocks.

To investigate the release characteristics of potassium during biomass combustion, experimental studies were conducted on three typical biomass fuels in a reactor with a fixed-bed system. The effects of fuel type, combustion temperature, exposure time, oxygen concentration, and water-washing pretreatment were evaluated. The results show that the K release ratio in corn straw increases with the increment in exposure time when the temperature is between 700 and 900 °C. When burned at 900 °C for 40 min, 17.73% of K is released in the volatile combustion stage, while only 2.62% is released in the char combustion stage. When burned at 700–900 °C, the K release ratios in both corn and wheat straw improve slightly with the elevation in oxygen concentration. Water washing significantly reduces the ratio and the amount of K release from corn straw during combustion. The effect of temperature and atmosphere on K release from the water-washed sample is similar to that for the raw sample.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is highly invasive and has poor prognosis. At present, there is no effective adjuvant treatment. With the indepth researches on ICC-related tumor microenvironment, gene, protein, epigenetic modification and signaling pathway, the potential therapeutic targets have been found. This article will review the novel potential therapeutic targets of ICC.

Based on the thin plate stability theory determined by energy criterion, the finite element model of unstable deformation of ultra-thin plate laser welded joint was established. The temperature field and stress field of 316L steel foil plate surfacing welding with 0.07 mm thickness were simulated by ABAQUS, and the distribution of inherent strain was obtained. The eigenvalue buckling analysis of the post-welding instability deformation behavior in thin plate was carried out by using inherent strain obtained by integral calculation as equivalent load. Compared with the measured deformation results of laser welding, it was found that the ultra-thin metal plate presents concave-convex deformation mode after lower heat input, while convex-concave deformation occurs after higher heat input in the thin plate. The parameters of the numerical model were optimized, and the reasons for the change of the deformation mode of the thin plate were discussed. The nonlinear buckling analysis was carried out by introducing the low-order eigenvalue buckling mode as the initial deformation trend, and the unstable deformation was simulated, which is basically consistent with the actual deformation measurement results. Keeping the ratio of length to width of the thin plate at 1:1 and changing the size of the thin plate, the numerical relationship between the critical instability load and the size of the thin plate was fitted. The results show that the smaller the area of the thin plate is, the greater the critical buckling load of the thin plate is. With the increase of the thickness of the thin plate, the critical buckling load is increased significantly.

This paper aims to clarify the concept of occupational burnout (OB) as well as develop appropriate methods to relieve or prevent OB in the nursing profession.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology provides an innovative method employed in detecting the porous structures in frozen rock and soil masses. On the basis of NMR relaxation theory, fuzzy random characteristics of the NMR T2 spectrum and pore structure are deeply analyzed in accordance with the complex and uncertain distribution characteristics of the underground rock and soil structure. By studying the fuzzy random characteristics of the NMR T2 spectrum, the fuzzy random conversion coefficient and conversion method of the T2 spectrum and pore size distribution are generated. Based on the niche principle, the traditional genetic algorithm is updated by the fuzzy random method, and the improved niche genetic algorithm is proposed. Then, the fuzzy random inversion of the conversion coefficient is undertaken by using the improved algorithm. It in turn makes the conversion curve of the T2 spectrum and pore size distribution align with the mercury injection test curve in diverse pore apertures. Compared with the previous least square fitting method, it provides a more accurate approach in characterizing complicated pore structures in frozen rock and soil masses. In addition, the improved niche genetic algorithm effectively overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional genetic algorithm, such as low effectiveness, slow convergence, and weak controllability, which provides an effective way for parameter inversion in the section of frozen geotechnical engineering. Finally, based on the T2 spectrum test of frozen sandstone, the fuzzy random characterization of frozen sandstone pore distribution is carried out by using this transformation method. The results illustrate that the conversion coefficient obtained through the improved algorithm indirectly considers the different surface relaxation rates of different pore sizes and effectively reduces the diffusion coupling effects, and the pore characteristics achieved are more applicable in engineering practices than previous methods.

Petal morphogenesis has a profound influence on the quality of ornamental flowers. Most current research on petal development focuses on the early developmental stage, and little is known about the late developmental stage. Previously, it was reported that the GEG gene [a gerbera homolog of the gibberellin-stimulated transcript 1 (GAST1) from tomato] negatively regulates ray petal growth during the late stage of development by inhibiting longitudinal cell expansion. To explore the molecular mechanisms of the role of GEG in petal growth inhibition, an ethylene insensitive 3-like 1 (EIL1) protein was identified from a Gerbera hybrida cDNA library by yeast one-hybrid screening. Direct binding between GhEIL1 and the GEG promoter was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift and dual-luciferase assays. The expression profiles of GhEIL1 and GEG were correlated during petal development, while a transient transformation assay suggested that GhEIL1 regulates GEG expression and may be involved in the inhibition of ray petal elongation and cell elongation. To study the effect of ethylene on ray petal growth, a hormone treatment assay was performed in detached ray petals. The results showed that petal elongation is limited and promoted by ACC and 1-MCP, respectively, and the expression of GhEIL1 and GEG is regulated and coordinated during this process. Taken together, our research suggests that GhEIL1 forms part of the ethylene signaling pathway and activates GEG to regulate ray petal growth during the late developmental stage in G. hybrida.

Clostridium difficile is a Gram-positive, spore-forming obligate anaerobe responsible for antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. Its virulence is associated with the production of endotoxins A and B and endospores, which can cause symptoms, such as diarrhoea, toxic megacolon, and pseudomembranous colitis. Given the increasing elderly population and the well-recognized problem of over-prescribing of broad-spectrum antibiotics, it is critical to have an understanding of molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility in China. This study analyzed the toxin types and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) results of 74 clinical isolates of C. difficile after the glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) screening test and anaerobic culture. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of four different antibiotics were determined for all of the isolates, and the bacterial resistance mechanisms were investigated. Sixty-five strains (75%) were toxigenic, including 54 tcdA-positive, tcdB-positive, and cdtA/cdtB-negative strains (A+B+CDT−) and nine A−B+CDT− strains. Eleven strains (14.9%) were non-toxigenic. All clinical isolates were classified into 26 MLST genotypes, with the predominant type being ST-54 (18.9%). All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin. The tetracycline, clindamycin, and levofloxacin resistance rates were 1.4%, 36.5%, and 20.3%, respectively. The expression of tet(M), erm(B), and mutations of gyrA and/or gyrB were observed in the tetracycline-, clindamycin-, and levofloxacin-resistant isolates, respectively.

Pore throat distribution is an important factor controlling the physical properties of low-permeability and tight sandstone reservoirs. The evaluation of pore throat distribution is based on the analytical methods of micro features of reservoirs, and it is necessary to synthesize multiple methods to quantify the pore throat distribution. Quantitative evaluation method of High Pressure Mercury Injection (HPMI) pore throat distribution was developed based on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) calibration. Fluid states can be identified by the comparison of transverse relaxation time T2 spectrum before and after centrifugation, which enables the redefining of T2 boundaries (T21 and T22) of three pore components of NMR. Furthermore, pore throat is divided into irreducible fluid pore throat, transition fluid pore throat and movable fluid pore throat accordingly. T2 boundaries are then converted to pore throat radius boundaries r1 and r2 by the correlativity between T2 value and pore throat radius. Finally, pore throat distribution is evaluated quantitatively by statistics of the content of various types of pore throat (S1, S2 and S3). This method combines the advantages of HPMI describing fluid states and NMR characterizing pore throat size. The method was applied to evaluate the pore throat distribution of low-permeability and tight sandstone reservoirs in the Huagang Formation of Xihu Depression. The average conversion coefficient C between T2 value and pore throat radius is 0.0079, and pore throat radius boundaries r1 and r2 are 60 nm and 160 nm, respectively. Pore throat is classified into four types according to the content of various types of pore throat, which provides new parameters and thought for further reservoirs evaluation.

Surface physicochemical properties of aluminum alloy can be changed by different surface treatment methods, which determines the performance of adhesively bonded joints. This paper reviews the research status on the interfacial bonding strength and corrosion resistance of adhesively bonded aluminum alloys joints from the perspectives of surface roughness, surface micro-structure, surface oxide and coated chemistry properties. Then the problems and development of adhesively bonded aluminum alloys are discussed. The characterization of the aluminum surface physical and chemical properties and the relation model between the surface properties and the adhesive performance are considered to be focused directions for the further research.