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Colour in the classroom, either in isolation or in conjunction with other environmental factors, is an element that has been widely discussed in the scientific literature, albeit not systematically. On the other hand, its evolution towards coloured light, made possible in recent years by light emitting diode (LED) technology, has hardly found a place among researchers. Despite the progressive rise of smart classrooms, intelligent learning environments or references by some authors to "dynamic lighting", its analogous concept, "dynamic colour", hardly appears in reviews of the scientific literature. This exploratory, quasi-experimental study shows how coloured light affects the learning process in primary school classroom environments, integrating cognitive processes, instrumental learning and affective processes, and helping to define the dynamic potential of its use. The experimental part has been carried out for four weeks, collecting data that are analysed descriptively, comparatively with the control group and in the internal variance of the experimental group. The results show positive influence tendencies in the cognitive and affective processes of the students, although not so much in instrumental learning.

This research investigates the influence of color-filtered lighting in relation to biophilic design, specifically within the preschool learning environment where design elements impact early childhood development. Among various architectural design components, research underscores the pivotal role of lighting in affecting children's pleasantness and energy levels. The experiment yielded three key findings: (1) discernible differences in pleasant and energy levels were observed between existing white lights and specific color-filtered lights; (2) varying pleasant and energy levels were noted among different color-filtered lights; (3) a relation was identified between external conditions (confounding variables) and pleasant and energy levels in the context of color-filtered lights. Subsequently, the study delved into the interplay between the effects of color-filtered lighting and natural light, specifically focusing on the Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) level. There is an opportunity to refine and innovate lighting elements of learning environments through the interplay between indirect experience elements of biophilic design, attention restorative theory (ART), and perceived emotional experience. The study offers valuable insights into the relationship between specific lighting conditions and elevated energy and pleasantness levels suggesting a meaningful avenue for further research and practical application in educational settings.

This article begins by considering the radical changes that occurred in architecture throughout the twentieth century due to the influence of Le Corbusier and the ensuing movement of modernism. Though the building of schools was embroiled in this architectural movement, the classrooms within them remained broadly the same as they had been in the previous century, something that might pose a limit to the forms of education that take place within. Classrooms are then explored in the article in terms of their design and symbolic functions, both of which pertain to questions concerned with light, seeing, and the gaze. The article then introduces two key concepts that are useful for considering the gaze, Foucault's Panopticon and Lacan's psychoanalysis, to engage with the classroom architecture. Finally, the article proposes a rethinking of classroom architecture to encourage new forms of learning to take place.

This article explores the library space needs and wants of graduate and undergraduate students at a medium-size state University in Southwest Florida. The researcher conducted a sequential explanatory mixed methods study in which they administered a survey to all currently enrolled graduate and undergraduate students at the university and followed up with semi-structured interviews to better understand students library space needs/wants and how those elements contribute to student success through a lens of academic and social engagement. The researcher identified several library space needs that were common to both graduate and undergraduate students including: comfortable and functional furniture, a variety of study spaces including a mix of individual and group spaces, conducive noise levels, technology, whiteboards, windows to let in natural light, seclusion food and drink options nearby, safety and security, adequate lighting and electrical outlets, and effective wayfinding. An additional need of separate graduate student space was also identified. Findings from this study can help inform the design of library spaces to better support student success through engagement.

The California Blackworm ("Lumbriculus variegatus") is a freshwater segmented worm species that has been used by biology instructors as a model system for inquiry-based student investigations. The blackworm dorsal blood vessel pulsation rate is easily quantified. Moreover, this species can facilitate the study of neuromuscular functioning via its photosensitive escape behavior which can be quantified as a segmental reflex rate. Both of these variables can be used to examine the physiological response of the "L. variegatus" circulatory and neuromuscular systems to environmental changes. Because knowledge about this species and its optimal environmental conditions is limited, we studied dorsal vessel pulsation and segmental reflexes of "L. variegatus" maintained at differing lighting, temperature and water cleaning frequency conditions. Our data strongly indicate that "L. variegatus" circulatory and motor functions are significantly affected by environmental conditions. We provide evidence-based recommendations for the careful control of environmental conditions that will allow instructors, students and researchers to collect robust data on "L. variegatus" and better utilize this model organism in their investigations.

Cinematographers are trained to control and measure the relative difference in brightness between two parts of a scene, or a face, for expressive purposes. Painting is often referred to for inspiration as practitioners learn to compose and represent light and shadow in an aesthetically considered manner. In this respect, it is noteworthy that the painters generally studied by film-making students are mostly from Renaissance traditions and produced work featuring predominantly White models. This gap of racial representation in cinematographic pedagogy is stark and has long been overlooked. This article mounts an enquiry into the lack of diversity in cinematography education, examining how different aesthetic traditions, such as Asian ink paintings, could pave new ways for decolonising the conventional conceptions of lighting ratios. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative case studies undertaken in university workshops, I discuss how students respond to Black and Asian artwork as visual references when they are tasked with lighting models with non-White skin tones to accommodate the different reflectance of their skins. By comparing the learning outcomes and current industry techniques for optimising screen representation of Black, Asian and minority ethnic groups, the article evaluates how students respond to learning from modern artwork that promotes diverse identities, and argues for the benefits of integrating greater inclusiveness into cinematography.

The COVID-19 public health crisis forced all educators to explore technology in the largest test of online teaching during the spring of 2020. Included in the population of educators were the studio music faculty steeped in a tradition of side-by-side teaching. This research study explored the application of lighting and sound technology adapted to enhance the experiences in a 10-week, fully online course of one-to-one private lessons with a music studio faculty member and his students during summer 2020. The students received condenser microphones, headphones, and webcams with instructions for hardwiring into their home internet connection. The faculty member used the same materials plus a speaking microphone overhead on a boom along with three-point lighting: key, fill, and backlights. The lighting was used to ensure a bright studio, much like a television anchor employs. Students noticed the microphone use by instructor and commented his adaptation to the virtual lessons were more flexible while one participant exclaimed he grew more as a musician and covered more material in virtual lessons than in previous face-to-face lessons with the same instructor. The faculty member noticed better sounds from students when using the condenser microphones and less feedback because of the closed back headphones.

Every substance is associated to emission of electromagnetic radiation whose peaks are essentially influenced by temperature. Hot bodies (i.e., at T >700 °C) emit electromagnetic radiation in the field of visible light (incandescent light). The radiation emitted by cold bodies (i.e., at normal ambient conditions) in the visible light range is defined as luminescence. Luminescent light is emitted by exciting substances by means of electron fluxes (e.g., those generated in a cathode ray tube), using photon fluxes associated to electromagnetic radiations with wavelengths lower than ~390 nm (fluorescence), by mechanical stress (triboluminescence), by small temperature increase (thermoluminescence) or by biological processes (bioluminescence). The value of luminescence demonstrations in teaching is unique. Indeed, by illuminating specific minerals and other substances (such as chicken eggs, seashells, fossils, wood, scorpions, soda drinks) with non expensive ultraviolet (UV) lights, it is possible to introduce the audience to several scientific arguments. Among these, the most important are: a) the concept of radiation and electromagnetic spectrum, including the ?- and x-ray as well as the radio wave extremes; b) the discovery and the essence of natural radioactivity; c) the concept itself of visible light and the nature of the colours; d) the adaptability of the human eyes to the environment; e) the principles of the atomic structure as well as the basic concepts of energy quantization, including the photoelectric effect; f) the basic aspects of black-body radiation.

Understanding the educational environment and effectively regulating it in consistent with educational objectives is an important factor in facilitating teaching and a crucial ability for the teachers. Investigating the perception of 12 classroom teachers at four elementary schools about their classroom environment, this study aims to reveal the situation about their classroom environment, its effects, and the desired classroom environment in terms of the functions of the classroom environment. Two analytical frameworks, Classroom Functions Theory as well as Environmental Competence, are means to understand this topic. A semi-structured interview form and an observation form were used as data collection instruments. In the study, it was observed that the majority of teachers were able to evaluate the classroom environment, but they remained unsolved about how the classroom can be designed better. Besides, the teachers stated that their classroom environments performed social, symbolic identity, and task instrumentality functions in a limited way for various reasons while largely functioning the shelter and security. Finally, the teachers emphasized that their classes did not fulfill growth and pleasure functions and that most of their desires about the classroom environment were related to these functions.

The present study examined the level of outcome satisfaction of two main engineering courses taken by students in the Architectural Engineering department (AE) by evaluating the students' satisfaction result (SR), the attained level of the students' opinions (SO), and the instructors' opinions (IO). The AE program in United Arab Emirates University is one of the departments in the College of Engineering accredited by the Engineering Accreditation Commission of ABET which provides assurance that a College or University program meets the quality standards of the profession for which that program prepares graduates. The AE program offers a wide range of engineering courses at different levels from sophomore level to senior level. All the engineering courses are mainly prerequisites to the Capstone Engineering Design Project which builds on the outcomes of all courses to perform detailed design and cost estimates of the selected alternative solutions to a well-defined engineering problem. The two courses considered in this study are Building Electrical Circuits and Building Acoustics and Lighting. New assessment parameters which are the student course outcome satisfaction coefficient (SCOSC) and the mean absolute deviation around a central point (AMD) have been introduced in this paper. These two parameters are calculated based on the comparison of the students' satisfaction results with both students' opinions and insructors' opinions, and compare the mean absolute deviations of the students' direct results with the students' opinions and the instructors' opinions, respectively. Indeed, the course learning outcomes (CLOs) of the SR of some sections for both courses show higher attainment compared with the SO and IO.

Increasing the inclusion of underrepresented individuals in coding is an intractable problem, with a variety of initiatives trying to improve the situation. Many of these initiatives involve STEAM education, which combines the arts with traditional STEM disciplines. Evidence is emerging that this approach is making headway on this complex problem. We present one such initiative, iLumiDance Coding, which attempts to pique the interest and increase confidence of students in coding, by combining it with a fun and physical activity: dance. The connections between dance and coding, while not immediately obvious, are authentic, and we hypothesize that this approach will increase student comfort level with coding. We used student surveys of attitudes toward coding and a variety of statistical approaches to analyze our initiative. Each analysis showed a positive effect on student comfort level with coding. These results are useful for both educators and researchers since they contribute to a deeper understanding of how to increase interest in coding, which we hope will lead to an increase in representation.

Purpose: Energy consumption and renewable energy sources are included in the goals for the 2030 Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG7) agenda, and target buildings are the biggest electricity consumers. In turn, Netzero energy buildings (NZEB) contribute to achieve SDG7 goals. This paper aims to identify which Brazilian higher education institutions (HEIs) practices contribute to developing the NZEB concept. Design/methodology/approach: Case studies were selected to identify which implanted practices applied by HEIs in Brazil, listed in the UI GreenMetric 2020 Ranking, are related to the NZEB concept. The implemented sustainable practices were also analyzed to evaluate the connections and impact between universities and the local community. Findings: Results show the lighting and air conditioning retrofit were among the most common practices related to energy efficiency to reduce consumption. For renewable energy generation, photovoltaic solar energy is the most common practice used by HEIs. Research limitations/implications: Only Brazilian HEIs listed in the UI Green Metric Ranking were analyzed. No standard regulation or formal reports support the wide dissemination of the strategies adopted by HEIs in Brazil. Practical implications The strategies adopted by HEIs related to Netzero buildings can reduce emissions, optimize operating costs and improve building comfort conditions, which connect all SDGs. Social implications: HEIs can promote awareness related to energy use and clean energy generation within the local community. Originality/valu: This paper presents the most common strategies adopted by Brazilian HEIs. However, limitations related to lack of strategies, data transparency and specific Netzero energy regulation were also found. These issues can hinder other HEIs to adopt similar strategies and contribute to the promotion of SDG7 in Brazil.

Purpose: There is a great interest in developing eco-friendly operations as alternative uses of resources in the university campus, making the employment of technologies more sustainable. Practices such as energy management and efficiency initiatives have been encouraged to meet these sustainability goals. The purpose of this paper is to describe and discuss the main features of the GENIIOT project, a system of energy management using Internet of Things applied in a Brazilian university campus to support energy education practices and to promote lasting energy efficiency measures. The focus of the study is directed at the energy consumption of the air-conditioning system, which is responsible for 40% of the total electricity consumption. In addition, this project also scrutinizes processes such as the building occupants' comfort demands, lighting levels and energy waste control. Design/methodology/approach: A case study at the Unicamp campus was conducted to illustrate the design procedures through qualitative description. This study comprises an overview of the physical plant, hardware and software development, energy data monitoring, management process and energy education. Findings: The GENIIOT project enables energy efficiency actions by concerning the use of air-conditioning equipment based on monitored data, different types of monitored rooms, user's behaviors and their feedback. This initiative requires the engagement, awareness and actions from users combined with investment in energy efficiency to achieve an efficient use of this type of equipment. The proposed approach can be applied in the future to similar situations, inside the Unicamp campus and at other university campuses. In addition, this project can contribute to building efficiency analysis by using the hardware structure developed to monitor facilities and carry out evaluations, providing valuable information for strategic initiatives in energy efficiency projects and research and development programs based on practical experience and promoting a discussion about sustainability aspects in the context of the university campus for energy efficiency. Originality/value: The GENIIOT project is aligned with some of the sustainable development goals, among which sustainability and responsible consumption are identified. Considering the sustainability issues, the economic dimension can be evaluated through a cost--benefit analysis of energy efficiency projects with prudent investment, while the social attractiveness of the project is ensured by education and awareness practices for the community that interacts with the system and learns about a more efficient way of using resources in the campus. Furthermore, there is a more conscious use of natural resources by minimizing waste from the use of electricity and reducing carbon dioxide emissions. GENIIOT is part of Sustainable Campus Project, a living laboratory which aims at developing energy-efficiency-related research activities in the university campus to reduce costs in higher and federal institutions of education in Brazil.

This study aims to investigate the impact of a novel environmental intervention--Emotive Intelligent Spaces (EIS) on young children's self-regulation and working memory using a single-subject reversal design (ABAB). EIS is a semi-private space with coloured lights that could adapt to each child's preferred colour based on the child's self-reported emotional state. A total of 29 three-to-seven-year-old participants completed the experiment from fall 2020 to summer 2021. Self-regulation was measured by the Head-Toes-Knees-Shoulders task; working memory was measured by the Woodcock-Johnson Numbers Reversed subset. Children's age was controlled as a covariate. Descriptive statistics indicated that the group means of self-regulation scores were higher in the intervention conditions. However, the group means of working memory scores were lower in the intervention conditions. We conducted repeated measure ANCOVA for the main analysis, and results showed no statistically significant differences in children's self-regulation and working memory scores between baseline and intervention conditions. It is recommended that future studies should take the illuminance level into consideration of the intervention effect. Further, our study implies that avoiding visual overstimulation in the classroom (e.g. heavily decorated walls) may create an optimal level of visual arousal and promote focused attention.

Islamic religious school is an institution that integrates Quran "hafazan" (memorization) in the curriculum. Between 2011 to 2017, estimated that 900 new Islamic religious schools were established in Malaysia due to high demands. Designing a classroom layout that receives sufficient daylight is important because it influences the students' task performance such as reading and writing. The standards recommend that any classrooms require an illuminance level between 300 lx to 500 lx when measured at working plane height between 800mm to 900mm, although the working plane height of "rehal" used for "hafazan" is between 250mm to 300mm. This study focused on the illuminance level measured at "rehal" working plane height for Arabic handwriting as a hafazan learning task in two selected standardised classrooms at Kolej Genius Insan. The students were required to rewrite the modified Balsam Alabdulkader-Leat (BAL) Arabic eye chart, where the students' Arabic handwriting performance were evaluated based on their word per minute (wpm) scores. Both classrooms' average illuminance level were 507 lx to 603 lx, which were too high based on standards and guidelines. The average Arabic handwriting scores for both classrooms were 9.4 and 12.6 wpm, which shows that the inefficient average illuminance level has caused the students' performance to be very low. It can be concluded that the existing standardised classroom layout design was not suitable for "hafazan" learning tasks at "rehal" working plane height. Thus, the classroom layout design for Islamic religious schools needed further studies, which implicated the unsatisfied built environment of the classrooms and the school education for Islamic religious schools in Malaysia.

This study aimed to determine the factors that influence student learning comfort in the classroom and its distribution. This explorative study employed 772 students who were elementary school, junior high school, and senior high school students in several Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta schools. Data collection techniques using open questionnaires. The data analysis technique uses qualitative analysis which consists of three stages: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. The results showed that the factors that influence learning comfort of students in the classroom include: air circulation, quietness, cleanliness, adequate & supportive facilities, and peer attendance. These five factors are among other factors that are grouped into two: 1) factors originating from the physical environment (of building & site themes and of indoor space themes); and 2) factors from within its occupants (of human themes). The theme that shows the highest influence comes from the physical conditions in the classroom, that is indoor space themes.

The present paper deals with a wide range of issues related to the environmental quality in learning spaces, such as thermal and visual comfort, as well as energy efficiency. All of these issues fall under the umbrella of the UN Agenda 2030 and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Upon reviewing publications of past studies, interviews were conducted and questionnaires were distributed in public high schools in the province of Alicante, located in the Southeast of Spain. Sixteen high schools were selected for the interviews. Fifteen in the city of Elche, which is the total amount of the high schools in the city. One additional high school that was considered important for this research was included in the study due to the characteristics of the building design, excessively exposed to weather conditions. Significant differences were observed between schools built before 2000 and those built after that date. The latter, surprisingly, not more thermally and visually comfortable or energy efficient. The knowledge gained from our investigation will be of great benefit for architects, designers, engineers, school planners and principals in order to establish stronger connections between infrastructures and SDGs. A chart linking recommendations with specific SDGs is also included in this study.

This design case describes the process by which a private office was renovated using the Working Labs model, which engages students, faculty, and staff in hands-on engagement from project conception through completion and beyond into ongoing evaluation of everyday use. The spaces that follow the Working Labs model are intended to provide students of a Southeastern University's nationally ranked interior design program with hands-on access to furnishings, fixtures, products, and materials from leading industry partners. The authors will describe the process by which the initiative was launched and how the first phase was brought to completion on time and at little cost to the University.

Background: Engineering design is widely recognized as a field that can generate key innovations for complex problems, such as those elucidated in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, engineering design training is not widely accessible to the global community, particularly to people experiencing the challenges that the SDGs are striving to address. Purpose: This manuscript describes the Ignite program created by the Center for Global Women's Health Technologies (GWHT) at Duke University, which uses the human-centered design framework to apply engineering design concepts to address specific challenges associated with the SDGs. Design/Method: Undergraduate students participate in a design course (BME 290) to learn how to create and deliver a technological solution to increase access to light at night, which is a significant challenge in many communities around the globe. A subset of the undergraduate students partnered with an energy-poor community in which they implemented a curriculum based on the skills learned in BME 290. Results: Since 2014, 110 Duke students have taken BME 290, and 22 of those students traveled internationally, collectively teaching 275 students in Kenya, India, and Guatemala. Students in Kenya formed an engineering club and taught the curriculum to an additional 52 peers. Duke students also trained 15 other university students, both in the United States and Guatemala, who have taught the curriculum to an additional 150 students in Guatemala, which illustrates the scalability and sustainability of the curriculum across countries, communities, and cultures. Conclusions: By integrating human-centered design and the SDGs into engineering curricula and targeting communities that work with women and girls, we believe the Ignite program can impact three of the SDGs -- renewable energy, quality education, and gender equality.

In the learning process, it is accepted that learning with entertainment is important in participation in the process and retention of learning. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the views of students and teachers on entertaining and boring settings in the learning process. Phenomenography method was used in the study. The study group included fourth grade teachers and students in public and private schools in Adiyaman province central district in Turkey. In this context, seven schools, four private and three public schools, were selected among the schools, where students of the parents with different socio-economic background attended, with purposive sampling method. A total of 10 primary school 4th grade teachers employed these schools participated in the study on a voluntary basis. The study group included 80 students. Individual and focus group interview and photointerviewing techniques were used in data collection Data were analyzed with content analysis method. In the study, it was concluded that teachers and students liked similar class settings and both teachers and students liked classrooms that were furnished with sufficient number of tools and equipment, heating and lighting, where colorful and plenty of activities could be conducted and equipped with technological tools. Furthermore, it was determined that the teachers and students criticized the photographs they disliked due to the lack of facilities in the classroom to implement different methods, similarities with their own classrooms, or for being dark and old-looking, and the unhappy demeanor of the students and teachers on the photographs. The study findings were discussed and interpreted within the framework of the literature.

The article presents the results of four series of experimental studies of irradiation efficiency of Moskovskii Parnikovyi leaf lettuce with general and special-purpose LED lamps (phyto-lamps) under various irradiation modes. The studies were conducted with an automated experimental irradiation device. The influence of the spectral compositions of LED radiation on the growth and development of Moskovskii Parnikovyi leaf lettuce is estimated. The studies have shown that LED phyto lamps are more effective in terms of productivity of Moskovskii Parnikovyi leaf lettuce compared to general-purpose LED lamps with equal electrical power consumption.

Intact visual functions are necessary for children to reach their academic potential. In the absence of vision screening, children may have unnoticed vision disturbances and academic challenges may be attributed to other problems, such as learning or cognitive disabilities. Visual problems are detrimental to educational achievement if they are not recognised. This has lifelong consequences for the individual child but also for the wider society as educational and economic advances are stifled. Few teachers are aware how vision influences reading and learning. Tanzanian teachers went through a CPD-course to learn about vision sensory qualities and ocular motor functions and were trained in vision testing. Building on theory of vision qualities and viewing conditions in class, the teachers practised vision functions assessment. Under the supervision of vision scientists, pupils in standard 5 (n = 104) were tested with standardised methods. The data shows that there is a clear connection between the different sensory and ocular motor skills and that problems in one vision area influence other vision areas. Nearly 50% of the pupils had disturbances in one or more of the vision functions tested. In addition, the light conditions were challenging. When teachers learn about vision qualities and their impact on reading and learning, they understand why some pupils have reading problems, reduced motivation, disturbed self-esteem and problems with concentration. With these insights, more pupils can be helped to reach their potential.

The aim of this study is to investigate the problems encountered during education by the Department of Turkish Language and Literature students who receive pedagogical formation training. The case study was used as a qualitative research design, in which students' opinions were obtained by using a semi-structured interview form. 36 students voluntarily participated in the study, in which the convenience sampling method was used. The collected data were evaluated by using the content analysis method. The findings of the study show that the students consider the formation training necessary; that some of the lecturers did not fully teach the curriculum; they had problems with lighting and heating in the classroom; and they could not focus on the departmental courses due to the addition of the formation courses. In addition, students believe that pedagogical formation training should not be used for commercial purposes.

Physical aspects of the environment (e.g. lighting, background noise) can impact engagement with tasks in individuals with autism, particularly within education settings. However, whether modifying the aspects of the physical environment improves engagement with tasks has received little attention. This systematic review is the first to explore the impact of modifications to the design of the physical environment on task engagement in individuals with autism. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. Most included studies (n = 8) were single-subject experimental designs that investigated different environmental modifications (e.g. lighting, background noise, or seating), limiting the generalisability of results. To better determine whether physical environmental modifications benefit task engagement in individuals with autism, more high-quality evidence is required. Such evidence includes more quality single-subject designs focused on the same manipulation to better inform future controlled experiments and randomised controlled trials.

The aim of this study was to investigate the lighting systems of artificial turf football fields of public and private sectors and to reveal and compare the current situation with the ideal one that it should be. 21 artificial football fields, 6 artificial turf football fields out of 9 from public sector and 15 artificial turf football fields out of 85 from privately owned organizations, have been examined in five province of Turkey. The general standards and the compliance to these standards by the present artificial turf football fields in terms of lighting of the place were studied. Data were evaluated with using descriptive analysis technic. Artificial football fields taken into consideration by researchers and experts were subjected to observation along with measurement. It was confirmed that out of 6 public and 15 private, totally out of 21 artificial turf football fields, 38% (8 of them) were below the minimum lighting level, 19% (4 of them) were at minimum lighting level and 43% (9 of them) were below average lighting level. As a result, for a competition to be played, brightness level should be at least 150 lx < E < 500 lx. It was found out that, out of 6 public sector and 15 privately owned artificial football fields, 62% was on the minimum brightness level and the other 38% was even under minimum brightness level. It was confirmed that 4 out of 6 (67%) officially owned artificial turf football fields and 9 out of 15 (60%), privately owned artificial football fields were on minimum brightness level. It was also determined that 1 out of 6 (17%) officially owned Astroturf Football Fields and 5 out of 15 (33%) privately owned Astroturf Football Fields were between minimum and average brightness levels.

Light pollution is nowadays well known all over the world and may negatively cause disturbance to human and have diverse effects. This study aims to identify the views and opinions of the Islamic University of Gaza students on light pollution and then to create awareness among them about the risky problem facing rapidly our society. The study is based on the survey questions and semi-structured interviews and then the data is collected from the survey questions and semi-structured interviews were qualitatively analyzed and quotes from the students' statements were included. Most of the students recognized that excessive lighting can adversely affect a person's health. The results also show that 40.0% of the students feel that the area outside of their residence is at night is "Fair Brightness", 29.2% "Bright as day", 13.8% "Pitch Black", and 16.9% "A Little Black". 90.8% of the sample are familiar with light pollution, but 9.2% is not. Some suggestions and recommendations will be made for controlling and reducing light pollution to have a healthy society. [Note: The volume number (11) shown on the PDF is incorrect. The correct volume number for this article is 10.]

Physics as a school subject is in general very unpopular. This fact is especially true for the situation in Austria. PISA results show that motivation, interest and self-efficacy of Austrian highschool students are significantly lower than the OECD average. In addition, a significant gender-gap in disadvantage for girls was shown. In general, one reason for low interest which was identified by previous research is that physics instruction is frequently decontextualized and students can hardly see any relevance of understanding physics for their lives. On the contrary, science and technology play a crucial and increasingly important role in our lives and in our globalized society. At the same time, edutainment focusing on science topics is booming. Interest studies like the ROSE-study may give reasons for this discrepancy: the choice of contexts does often not meet students' interests. This contribution reports the development of a context-oriented learning environment on light pollution to stimulate learning processes and at the same time interest in introductory optics. [Paper presented at GIREP-MPTL (2018).]

Light spectrum dispersion is an exciting subject in science because of its beautiful atmospheric colour phenomenon which attracts students. However, to see the phenomenon is not easy since it needs a spectrometer, which is commonly expensive. Therefore, the present study aims to describe a low-cost spectrometer for investigating lighting spectrum and analysing the purity of honey as a pedagogical students' project. The spectrometer was constructed from a webcam connected to a laptop, a free spectrometer software, DVD disk, and black cardboard. The calibration of the developed spectrometer used an Argon (Ar) lamp. Afterwards, measurement tests were carried out by using Neon (Ne) and Xenon (Xe) lamps. A white light-emitting diode was used as a light source to measure several types of honey wavelengths. The results from the experiment show that the wavelength of Ar, Ne, and Xe are (503 ± 4) nm, (463 ± 3) nm, and (451 ± 3) nm respectively. The measurement accuracy of the spectrometer is 99.5%. In addition, the commercial honey characterisations show that pure honey tends to have an excellent and smooth spectrum with one peak. On the contrary, the adulteries honeys show a rough wave with many peaks representing the inhomogeneous ingredients. It is found that the average accuracy for honey spectrum is 99.8%. Moreover, the low-cost spectrometer can be built and used easily by students for educational purposes.

The likelihood of teaching a student with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has steadily increased over the past two decades. However, the practical information about working with students with ASD has not increased at a similar rate. Teachers may therefore be unaware of simple modifications they can make to their classrooms to meet the needs of students with ASD. This article is based on a review of empirical studies about environmental factors that influence the way individuals with ASD attend to and process information. Findings from these studies indicate that individuals with ASD rely on vision to gather information more than any other sense. Based on these findings, the authors outline simple physical adjustments teachers can make to the visual displays, physical layout, and lighting in the classroom.

Purpose: Athletic departments play an important role in sustainability-based collaborative processes due to their boundary spanning connections with both internal and external university stakeholders. As a result, athletic department representatives have become prominent members of university participant-governed network structures. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of dedicated "athletics green teams" as a unique form of control and coordination by considering how green team interactions support and augment the collaborative network of actors who are responsible for executing athletics sustainability practices on university campuses. Design/methodology/approach: A sociocentric analysis is used to explore the network of a green team at a large American university. The analysis focuses on examining the size, composition and structure of relations involving green team members that facilitated various forms of information transmission and strategic action(s). Findings: The results highlight how the presence of the athletic department in the green team provides heterophilous and multiplex relations across the collaborative network and how the green team itself provides a unique forum for planning and coordination, which is critical for providing more sophisticated, advanced structures for sustainability. Practical implications: The findings of this study should reassure practitioners involved in convening green teams that such shared governance structures add value to athletics sustainability collaborative processes. In addition, subtle changes to the network governance structures has the potential to streamline the contribution of athletic departments to university sustainability initiatives and help project a more cohesive "Athletics" sustainability message that transmits across the collaborative network. Originality/value: The outcomes of dedicated athletics green teams have been explored from a largely qualitative perspective. However, this study applies a novel relational approach to understand the shared governance value-added within a largely intra-organizational collaborative network.

Sustainable design when used in educational building design has large effect or features the buildings possess and it also effects the users interaction with the building. This effect needs to be determined whether it is positive or negative one. Multiple case studies and a main case study of The Loughborough Design School were researched and analysed through questionnaires, interviews, and library resources. This was carried out to discover varied opinions and reviews of a range of educational buildings that have taken a slightly different approach for the sustainable design. 50 people, a mixture of Loughborough student, other students and other users, completed a distributed online survey focusing on their personal experiences with the educational buildings they spend time to achieve an understanding of day to day living with different buildings. Three people were interviewed on the topic of sustainably built educational buildings, all users differing in profession and age to provide a more diverse amount of data to be analysed. Key issues appeared throughout the study, which consisted of natural light issues, noise pollution, and temperature regulation problems within the buildings. These findings show that the introduction of sustainable design over recent years drastically effects the technological techniques and user interaction of educational buildings, but there is still a long way for technology to progress before sustainable design will be problem free and second nature.

Numerous studies suggest a correlation between a school's physical environment and children's academic success. A variable within the classroom environment that has received little attention in the literature is the interior lighting. It is known that higher levels of correlated color temperature (CCT) lighting influence worker productivity in a workplace or laboratory setting. The CCT is the color of light emitted from a light source ranging from low (red) to high (blue). It is therefore necessary to uncover if a higher CCT level of lighting compared to the typically specified lower CCT level of lighting would influence student productivity and academic success in a classroom environment. This is a mixed method within-subjects case study designed to observe student behaviors as a way to gauge student productivity and academic success. Two different CCT levels of fluorescent lighting, which is the standard lighting fixture in most American public school classrooms, were installed in an existing second grade classroom using an ABAB study design. The study utilized both behavior mapping techniques to record student physical locations in the room and a time sampling non-participate observation technique to record on-task behaviors of the students for a duration of 5 months. The findings on the relation between the CCT of the lighting fixtures and student on-task behavior in an elementary classroom concluded that the higher CCT of the lighting the more student on-task behaviors were (p =0.038) even while more male students physically moved around the classroom. This study has practical implications to facility managers and school officials interested in bettering classroom physical environments to advance student academic success.

Asynchronous video-based educational resources allow for increased course material engagement. In today's climate, educators are encouraged to create videos for online instruction but are typically given limited production guidance. Few formal resources exist to guide educators for high-quality video production in a non-studio setting. This article is a how-to guide for producing videos using widely available primary resources through three steps: preproduction, production, and postproduction. During preproduction, educators consider style and project scope, including the "what, how, and why" of the content. For production, we have provided information on the set, light, sounds, and video equipment needed for optimizing video production in a non-studio setting. Finally, during postproduction, the educator considers how to combine and edit the video as well as organize content. Overall, this article is an approachable guide to help educators begin their low-budget video-production journeys.

Lighting design is an essential aspect of interior design but very few universities offer students the opportunity to study lighting design in depth as part of their Council for Interior Design Accreditation (CIDA)-accredited undergraduate interior design program. This paper makes a case for including lighting design as an indispensable part of interior design education while also promoting the Family and Consumer Sciences Body of Knowledge (FCSBOK). The rapid and ongoing advancements being made in luminaire design, lighting controls, and energy conservation necessitate attention and expansion of lighting design education within interior design programs. [Note: Sally L. Fortenberry is shown as an author on the PDF.]

Desuggest is the opposite of suggest. This method is used to overcome some learning problems as it puts importance on desuggesting limitations on learning. Desuggestopedia has been called an affective-humanistic approach because there is respect for students' feelings. Students do not use their full powers of learning and they have some limitations in learning. These limitations have to be desuggested using some specific teaching techniques which stimulate them to use their reserved capacity of learning. An affective-humanistic approach is derived from Suggestology. Suggestology is a science concerned with the systematic study of the nonconscious influences that human beings are constantly responding to; involving loading the memory banks with desired ideas and facilitating memories. In this method, the suggestive atmosphere takes place with soft lights, baroque music, cheerful room decorations, comfortable seating and dramatic techniques used by the teacher in the presentation of material.

The purpose of this study is to determine the views of social studies of teacher candidates about light pollution. This research is designed by using qualitative research method. In the research, case studies--that is one of the qualitative research methods--is used. Case study is a kind of research that offers a rich perspective on analyzing the learning and management implications of what educators and students have gained through experiences they have gained. Maximum diversity sampling--one of the purposive sampling methods--was used. A total of 40 students from 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th grades were included in the Social Studies Teaching Department of Agri Ibrahim Çeçen University Faculty of Education. A semi-structured interview form consisting of 6 open-ended questions developed by researchers was used to collect the data. After the questions that take place in the interview form were prepared, expert opinion was consulted. After the expert opinion was received, the questions were revised and piloted on 20 teacher candidates. Pilot application form was prepared and presented again to expert opinion. After receiving the feedback from the experts, the final form was given to the interview form and applied in the spring semester of 2016-2017 academic year. In the analysis of the data, a descriptive analysis method was used. As a result of the study, it was determined that social science teacher candidates generally have information about light pollution but having this information is not enough for some of them. Social Studies Teacher candidates have shown that pollution damages living and non-living assets in general and that light pollution is among pollution types. Excessive use of light among the causes of light pollution, lights overflowing from houses and buildings, and prospective teachers showing the absence of correct light use, have indicated that light pollution causes significant negative effects on both humans and the living and nonliving environment. Teacher candidates have expressed the opinion that people need to be conscious in order to reduce the effects of light pollution. It is remarkable that some teacher candidates should not have knowledge in this regard.

Many physics teachers have experienced the challenges of implementing the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) in their high school curricula. These standards, based upon the Framework for K-12 Science Education, were intended to shift science instruction towards an interdisciplinary focus on three-dimensional learning, phenomena anchored explorations, and developing solutions for technological problems. The present paper describes a collaboration between electrical and computer engineers and physics educators, whereby a physics unit was created to embed engineering practices in the design of a night light. Although the project also incorporates aspects of crosscutting concepts and disciplinary core ideas, we focused on engineering practices since more educational resources are needed that illustrate this aspect of NGSS-aligned teaching and learning. The unit was piloted with over 1500 high school students in an informal outreach program, as well as professional development workshops for 100 secondary science teachers, with the intent that teachers would incorporate this and other engineering projects in their physical science classrooms.

Technological developments allow students to access visual information from digital devices as small as phones or as large as whiteboards. Education technology research and policy typically address the software product, yet little research has focused on optimal viewing parameters or the impact it has on student users. Students with light sensitivity (migraine, concussion) potentially face a barrier with e-learning activities in the classroom. This review aimed to identify points of convergence and inconsistency across various literature sources containing guidelines for digital media use by students in schools. Inconsistencies were found between academic, manufacturer and school guidelines. Six parameters were identified for modification on behalf of students with light sensitivity relating to image colour, image flash frequency, duration of viewing, luminance and environmental lighting -- both natural and artificial. The findings highlight the need for revision of school policies regarding digital learning environments and awareness raising to support inclusive access and use by students with light sensitivity.

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a BATAK Pro™ training program in combination with regular sport-specific training as compared with sport-specific training alone on motor performance among young athletes. Twenty-two athletes (aged 11-16 years) were recruited and randomly assigned to either an active control group or BATAK training group. The BATAK training program consisted of 2-3 sets of 4-5 exercises, biweekly for 12-weeks. The assessment of motor performance included upper limb movement speed, agility, reactive agility, acceleration, sprinting, and Y-Balance test. Within-group analyses revealed performance increases in the 10-m sprint test (-2.6%), and in Y-Balance test variables, specifically in anterior direction (4.0-5.4%), posteromedial direction (6.6-8.0%) and in posterolateral direction (10.7-14.6%) in the BATAK group. This study reports for the first time that the use of LED lighting devices in addition to sport-specific training promotes increases in motor skills, particularly in dynamic stability. More studies are needed to confirm whether the training-induced benefits of this novel performance tool are significantly better as compared to other approaches, and whether these results can be translated into on-field performance outcomes, not only in terms of critical motor development but also in a meaningful increase of creative actions.

Multiage, child-size, and accessible, the Montessori classroom provides a prepared environment that maximizes self-regulated activity. Designed to be intuitive and conducive to children's development at multiple developmental planes, the classroom nurtures each child's growing independence. Ideally, the principles underlying the Montessori philosophy of educating children-- themes of self-discovery, responsibility for learning, community and diversity, and respect for the natural world--shape the design of each Montessori school's site, buildings, and classrooms. Despite each school's individual character, those principles ensure a Montessori environment is easily recognizable (and functional), no matter its location. For Montessori school leaders and other stakeholders who are considering a new building, classroom, or other physical space, a marriage of design principles and Montessori philosophy is vital. This article will offer tips on achieving that marriage, based on years of experience the architecture firm, StudioMB, has working with different Montessori schools. This article can help assess current space to see if some simple changes can strengthen the effect of the Montessori environment.

In this challenge, the authors wanted to support students' knowledge of light and the ways in which it interacts with other materials through a series of connected learning experiences. These experiences are related to "NGSS standard 1-PS4-3 Waves and Their Applications in Technologies for Information Transfer. Plan and conduct investigations to determine the effect of placing objects made with different materials in the path of a beam of light." The aim was for children to discover that light tends to move in a straight line unless something gets in the way, materials can affect the beam of light, and the way light moves can be impacted by moving the objects. The connected activities described in this article were guided by the 5E learning cycle. The students watched a video to spark their curiosity about the path in which something might travel, worked in teams to design and test ideas while exploring the properties of the light, and documented and communicated their observations.

The purpose of this research was to examine and compare the effect of teaching the brightness of lamps, which is a topic for grade 11 physics lesson, on student achievement and attitude according to the 5E model belonging to the constructivist learning theory and the traditional teaching method. The research was conducted on 62 11th grade students in Idil High School during the spring semester of 2009/2010 academic year. The quasi-experimental method was used in the research and the significance level was p = 0.05. A meaningful difference (p<0.05) was observed on the experimental group according to the results of the independent samples t-test related to the post-test scores of brightness of lamps Achievement Test (BLAT)" of the students in the experimental and control groups. It was concluded that the worksheets applied, cartoons, animation and laboratory activities used while teaching the topic "brightness of lamps " according to the 5E model provided better understanding for the students, increased the motivation related to the lesson, and created a positive effect on understanding abstract concepts. The results of the attitude scale showed that the differences between the groups were insignificant (p>0.05).

For acquainting the students of applied physics and students of teaching physics with the concept of energy efficiency, electrical and spectral characteristics of two widely used lamps--integrated fluorescence lamp and common light bulb have been investigated. Characterization of the lamps has been done by measuring the spectral irradiance and constructing the voltage-current characteristics. Breaking voltage, electric resistance, energy efficiency, energy consumption and intensity spectral distribution, were determined. Also, the quantity of mercury present in the fluorescence lamp was determined by analysis of the spectral characteristics. The energy efficiency advantage of the fluorescence lamp over the common light bulb was shown through comparison of the examined parameters of the two lamps.

In higher education like other institutions, safety and security of persons particularly students resident on university campuses remain topical. The limited research conducted on the experiences of university students in Ghana reflects paucity of literature on safety and security on university campuses in Ghana where such issues have been neglected. Yet, there have been numerous instances where students' study lives have been threatened due to acts of burglary and other forms of violent acts. The issue of campus safety is thus crucial and there is the need to pay attention to it. This study is drawing mainly on perceptions of students about safety and security issues in University of Cape Coast (UCC). Working within a case study which used survey design to obtain a comprehensive picture of students' perceptions about their safety and security on campus, the findings showed that students are not satisfied with the overall safety and security on campus particularly in the evenings. The students suggested that building more halls of residence, improving the lighting system on campus, and installing emergency phones across campus, intensifying security presence on campus as well as controlling the number of people that enter the campus are sure ways of ensuring that UCC was safer.

In this paper, an educational tool is proposed to show the internal photoelectric effect in a simple and clear way for Undergraduate Physics courses or High Schools. Experimental evidence of the photoelectric effect is particularly important in the didactic experience. This effect is fundamental to introduce students to the world of quantum mechanics, and to the concept of quantized energy. However, it often requires uneconomical and not easy to use equipment. For this reason, here we describe the realization of a simple and low-cost system based on the LED to LED structure; LEDs can in fact act as light sources, but also as photodetectors, being sensitive to wavelengths equal to or shorter than the predominant wavelength they emit. Through the lightning of LEDs of different colors, we thus show that the verification of the photoelectric effect becomes easy.

Instructive, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly laboratory syntheses of two highly luminescent copper(I) complexes CuI(PPh[subcript 3])[subscript 2](py[superscript R]) (py[superscript R] = pyridine, 4-cyanopyridine) are described for second-year/upper-division undergraduate inorganic chemistry students. Both complexes exhibit bright thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) at ambient temperature and phosphorescence at low temperature. The laboratory experiments familiarize the students with mechanochemical syntheses, cluster and complex formation, ligand substituent effects, and the fascinating phenomenon of luminescence thermochromism.

Electric potential is one of the most challenging concepts taught in high school physics classes due to the abstract nature of the concept. When taught, electric potential is often taught using a poorly triangulated set of instructional analogies, each possessing different strengths and limitations. Within this paper we share our learning from a two-week electronic textiles (e-textiles) unit designed to help students in an AP high school physics course improve their understanding of electric potential through the construction of a project entitled "The Slouching T-shirt" (STS) (Fig. 1). The STS project was part of a larger instructional unit on electricity and energy that seeks to make connections between energy, electric potential, and computer programming central to student learning.