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Abstract Nanozymes, a category of nanomaterials with enzyme-like activity, have garnered growing interest in various biomedical contexts. Notably, nanozymes that are capable of regulating reactive oxygen species levels by emulating antioxidant or prooxidant enzymes within cells hold significant therapeutic potential for a range of disorders. Herein, we overview the catalytic mechanisms of four exemplary nanozymes within the orthopedic domain. Subsequently, we emphasize recent groundbreaking advancements in nanozyme applications in orthopaedics, encompassing osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, intervertebral disc degeneration, bone defects, spinal cord injury, gout, rheumatoid arthritis, osteosarcoma and bone infection. Furthermore, we discuss the emerging area’s future prospects and several noteworthy challenges in biomedical application. This review not only fosters the ongoing development of nanozyme research but also fosters the emergence of more potent nanozymes for the treatment of orthopaedical diseases in the future.

Abstract Understanding the interface between nanomaterials and lipoproteins is crucial for gaining insights into their impact on lipoprotein structure and lipid metabolism. Here, we use graphene oxide (GOs) nanosheets as a controlled carbon nanomaterial model to study how surface properties influence lipoprotein corona formation and show that GOs have strong binding affinity with low-density lipoprotein (LDL). We use advanced techniques including X-ray reflectivity, circular dichroism, and molecular simulations to explore the interfacial interactions between GOs and LDL. Specifically, hydrophobic GOs preferentially associate with LDL’s lipid components, whereas hydrophilic GOs tend to bind with apolipoproteins. Furthermore, these GOs distinctly modulate a variety of lipid metabolism pathways, including LDL recognition, uptake, hydrolysis, efflux, and lipid droplet formation. This study underscores the importance of structure analysis at the nano-biomolecule interface, emphasizing how nanomaterials’ surface properties critically influence cellular lipid metabolism. These insights will inspire the design and application of future biocompatible nanomaterials and nanomedicines.

Abstract Background Breast and cervical cancer are the most common cancers in women, and are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Cancer screening can facilitate early diagnosis, reduce mortality, and ease the burden of cancer. Social support and self-efficacy are strongly associated with cancer screening behavior. The present study aimed to explore the mediating effect of self-efficacy on social support and cancer screening behavior. Methods In this cross-sectional survey study conducted from June to October 2023, 312 women aged 35–65 years were recruited from the East Coast area of China. A general information questionnaire, cancer screening behavior questionnaire, social support scale and self-efficacy scale were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the general characteristics of participants; one-way analysis of variance was used to test for differences in the measured variables; and Pearson’s correlation analyses were used to describe the relationship among social support, self-efficacy, and cancer screening behavior. A mediation model was constructed and analyzed using the PROCESS macro for SPSS. Results The mean (standard deviation) screening behavior score for breast cancer and cervical cancer was 3.98 (2.79), representing an intermediate level. Self-efficacy was closely related to social support and cancer screening behavior. Social support showed a significant positive correlation with self-efficacy (r = 0.37, p

Abstract Primary retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RLPS) is a rare heterogeneous tumor occurring within retroperitoneal space, and its overall survival has not improved much in the past few decades. Based on a small-sample clinical practice at our center, patients with RLPS can greatly benefit from anlotinib and eribulin combination. In this study, we investigated the combinational effect of anlotinib and eribulin on RLPS. In vitro experiments revealed that a low dose of anlotinib significantly enhances the cytotoxic effects of eribulin, leading to a remarkable suppression of RLPS cell proliferation, viability, colony formation, migration, and cell-cycle progression compared to individual drug treatments. At the organoid level, the combination treatment causes the spheroids in Matrigel to disintegrate earlier than the single-drug group. In vivo, RLPS patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models demonstrated that the combination of these two drugs can obviously exert a safe and effective anti-tumor effect. Through transcriptome analysis, we uncovered and validated that the synergistic effect mainly is induced by the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) pathway both in vitro and in vivo. Further analyses indicate that anlotinib plus eribulin treatment results in micro-vessel density and PD-L1 expression alterations, suggesting a potential impact on the tumor microenvironment. This study extensively explored the combination regimen at multiple levels and its underlying molecular mechanism in RLPS, thus providing a foundation for translational medicine research.

Abstract Anode‐free rechargeable batteries (AFRBs), equipped with bare collectors at the anode, are potential electrochemical energy storage technology attributed to their simplified cell configuration, high energy density, and cost reduction. Nevertheless, issues including insufficient Coulombic efficiency as well as the formation of the dendrites restrict their practical implementation. In recent years, various strategies have been proposed to overcome the critical issues of AFRBs. Among which, interfacial properties play key roles for achieving high stable AFRBs. In this review, an overview of AFRBs is discussed in the first part. Then, the main strategies based on interfacial regulation engineering toward high‐performance AFRBs are summarized including designing of current collectors, introducing of surface coating layers, modification of electrolytes, separators engineering, cathode materials regulation, and so forth. In addition, some future perspectives for developing AFRBs are proposed. This review will create new avenues on constructing stable AFRBs for advanced energy storage devices.

Abstract Background Retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RLPS) constitutes the majority of retroperitoneal sarcomas. While surgical resection remains the sole curative approach, determining the optimal surgical strategy for RLPS remains elusive. This study addresses the ongoing debate surrounding the optimal surgical strategy for RLPS. Methods We recruited 77 patients with RLPS who underwent aggressive surgical policies. Patients were categorized into three surgical subtypes: suprapancreatic RLPS, pancreatic RLPS, and subpancreatic RLPS. Our standardized surgical strategy involved resecting macroscopically uninvolved adjacent organs according to surgical subtypes. We collected clinical, pathological and prognostic data for analyses. Results The median follow-up was 45.5 months. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were significantly correlated with multifocal RLPS, pathological subtype, recurrent RLPS and histological grade (P for OS = 0.011, 0.004, 0.010, and

【Objective】The objective of this study is to investigate the resource allocation problem in Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) systems using Rate Splitting Multiple Access (RSMA) technique. We propose a joint precoding matrix and rate allocation algorithm based on linear approximation to enhance the system reliability and performance.【Methods】We employ variable transformation and linear approximation techniques to convert the non-convex fractional functions into convex ones. By using the joint precoding matrix and rate allocation algorithm, system resources can be effectively allocated to improve system performance. The optimization problem is solved using a continuous iterative algorithm to obtain the optimal solution.【Results】Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed joint optimization scheme significantly reduces the system outage probability and exhibits a fast convergence rate. This indicates that the proposed method can provide more reliable and efficient communication performance in the RSMA-OWC system, which is based on rate splitting access.【Conclusion】This study provides an effective resource allocation method for RSMA technology in OWC systems, enhancing system reliability and performance. Further research should focus on the challenge of system outage probability in RSMA-OWC systems, as well as resource allocation, precoding design, and application scalability. This study offers valuable insights to promote the application and development of RSMA technology in the field of OWC.

The intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is considered a core technology of next-generation mobile communication. It has significant advantages in enhancing network coverage, spectrum efficiency, energy efficiency, and deployment cost. The aerial intelligent reflecting surface (AIRS), which combines the high mobility of the air platform and the high-quality link characteristics provided by the intelligent reflecting surface, can effectively assist the transmission from the base station to the users in complex communication scenarios and enhance the network coverage. A joint optimization problem of the base station beamforming, AIRS deployment location and phase shift design for the AIRS was studied for AIRS assisted multi-user massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems. Under the condition that the statistical channel state information (CSI) is known, an optimization scheme of system ergodic sum rate based on block coordinate descent (BCD) was proposed. Firstly, an optimization model was established by jointly optimizing the transmit beamforming at base station, the placement and the phase shift for AIRS. Secondly, the nonconvex optimization problem was decoupled into three subproblems that are easy to deal with by BCD algorithm. Finally, lagrange multiplier method, relaxation variable method and RMSProp gradient descent algorithm were used to solve the subproblems respectively. The simulation results show that the proposed optimization scheme can effectively improve the ergodic sum rate of the system with good convergence properties.

In July 2023, the American Heart Association (AHA), the American College of Cardiology (ACC), and four other professional societies jointly released the updated version of the AHA/ACC/ACCP/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Chronic Coronary Artery Disease. This guideline emphasizes a patient-centered and team-based approach to the overall management of chronic coronary artery disease (CCD), highlights the impact of lifestyle improvements on the prognosis of CCD patients, and provides new insights into risk assessment for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and recommendations for novel medications. These updates hold significant guiding value for health care professionals in China to provide high-quality management for CCD patients.

Abstract Background Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is a common obstructive disease of the urinary tract. UPJO patients commonly exhibit coexistent renal calculi. The main aim of therapy is to relieve the obstruction and remove the stones at the same time. Methods This retrospective study included 110 patients diagnosed with UPJO coexisting with multiple renal calculi at Shanxi Bethune Hospital and the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University between March 2016 and January 2022. Patients were divided according to the methods used for dealing with UPJO and renal calculi. In Group A, patients underwent traditional open pyeloplasty and pyelolithotomy. In Group B, patients underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy first and then laparoscopic pyeloplasty. In Group C, patients underwent flexible cystoscopy to remove stones and then laparoscopic pyeloplasty. In Group D, patients underwent flexible vacuum-assisted ureteral access sheath (FV-UAS)assisted flexible ureteroscopy (f-URS) and underwent laparoscopic pyeloplasty. The stones were broken up using a holmium laser. The pyeloplasty success rate, stone clearance rate, operation time, bleeding amount, complication occurrence rate, postsurgical pain, length of stay, and hospitalization cost were compared between the groups. The follow-up period was at least 2 years. Results The use of f-URS and the FV-UAS, significantly increased the renal stone clearance rate and significantly reduced the complication incidence and operation time in UPJO patients with multiple coexisting renal calculi. Conclusions Laparoscopic pyeloplasty combined with f-URS and FV-UAS is safe and effective for treating UPJO in patients complicated by renal caliceal stones. Trial registration Retrospectively registered.

The genus Camellia contains three types of domesticates that meet various needs of ancient humans: the ornamental C. japonica, the edible oil-producing C. oleifera, and the beverage-purposed tea plant C. sinensis. The genomic drivers of the functional diversification of Camellia domesticates remain unknown. Here, we present the genomic variations of 625 Camellia accessions based on a new genome assembly of C. sinensis var. assamica (‘YK10’), which consists of 15 pseudo-chromosomes with a total length of 3.35 Gb and a contig N50 of 816,948 bp. These accessions were mainly distributed in East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Africa. We profiled the population and subpopulation structure in tea tree Camellia to find new evidence for the parallel domestication of C. sinensis var. assamica (CSA) and C. sinensis var. sinensis (CSS). We also identified candidate genes associated with traits differentiating CSA, CSS, oilseed Camellia, and ornamental Camellia cultivars. Our results provide a unique global view of the genetic diversification of Camellia domesticates and provide valuable resources for ongoing functional and molecular breeding research.

BackgroundTo explore the clinical efficacy and safety of Kirschner wires (KWs) as a blocking screw technique for extra-articular fractures of the distal tibia treated with intramedullary nails (IMNs).MethodsFifty-three patients were treated with KW-assisted IMN for extra-articular fractures of the distal tibia via the blocking screw technique or Poller screw (PS) technique. The operation time, number of fluoroscopies, number of blocking screws used, blood loss and time to union were compared between the two groups. Additionally, the functional outcomes of the two groups were compared using range of motion (ROM), visual analog scale (VAS), American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS), and Lysholm scores.ResultsCompared with those in the PS group, the operation time in the KW group was significantly shorter, and the number of fluoroscopy procedures and amount of blood loss during KW surgery were also significantly lower (p = 0.014, 0.001, and 0.036, respectively). Regarding the functional outcomes, there were no significant differences in the ROM, VAS score, AOFAS score or Lysholm score between the two groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionIn the treatment of extra-articular fractures of the distal tibia with nails, the use of KW as a blocking screw technique is safe and reliable.

Objective: Liver cancer is the world’s sixth most prevalent cancer and the third most frequent cause of cancer-related mortality. Glucose metabolic disorders, indicated by a high fasting plasma glucose (HFPG) concentration, is a contributor to the etiology of liver cancer. With the rising prevalence of glucose metabolic disorders, an assessment of the global burden of liver cancer attributable to HFPG is warranted to inform global liver cancer prevention and control strategies. Methods and analysis: We evaluated the global death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of liver cancer and its subtypes attributable to HFPG at global, regional, and country level. The temporal trend and disparity across geographic regions, social development level, age groups and sex were assessed. Results: In 2019, HFPG-attributable liver cancer was estimated to have caused 4,729.49 deaths and to be responsible for 99,302.25 DALYs. The age-standardized mortality and DALY rate were 0.06 and 1.20 per 100,000 population, and displayed a significantly increasing temporal trend from 1990 to 2019. The age-standardized mortality rate of patients with liver cancer that was attributable to HFPG was higher in men than women. Sex-based disparity narrowed after the women reached menopause, but increased between 1990 and 2019. Conclusion: The burden of liver cancer that are attributable to HFPG has been influenced by longitudinal changes in lifestyle, the etiology of liver disease, age demographics, and hormonal status in women. These findings suggest that comprehensive strategies could be implemented, especially for patients with NASH and hyperglycemia, to prevent liver cancer.

Combination therapy with oral administration of several active ingredients is a popular clinical treatment for cancer. However, the traditional method has poor convenience, less safety, and low efficiency for patients. The combination of traditional pharmaceutical techniques and advanced material conversion methods can provide new solutions to this issue. In this research, a new kind of hybrid film was created via coaxial electrospraying, followed by a casting process. The films were composed of Reglan and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-loaded cellulose acetate (CA) core-shell particles in a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) film matrix. Microscopic observations of these films demonstrated a solid cross section loaded with core-shell particles. X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared tests verified that the Reglan and 5-FU loaded in the films showed amorphous states and fine compatibilities with the polymeric matrices, i.e., PVP and CA, respectively. In vitro dissolution tests indicated that the films were able to provide the desired asynchronous dual-drug delivery, fast release of Reglan, and sustained release of 5-FU. The controlled release mechanisms were shown to be an erosion mechanism for Reglan and a typical Fickian diffusion mechanism for 5-FU. The protocols reported herein pioneer a new approach for fabricating biomaterials loaded with multiple drugs, each with its own controlled release behavior, for synergistic cancer treatment.

Abstract Background Isoorientin (ISO) is a glycosylated flavonoid with antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. However, its effects on bone metabolism remain largely unknown. Methods In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of ISO on receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation in vitro and bone loss in post-ovariectomy (OVX) rats, as well as to elucidate the underlying mechanism. First, network pharmacology analysis indicated that MAPK1 and AKT1 may be potential therapeutic targets of ISO and that ISO has potential regulatory effects on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathways, as well as oxidative stress. ISO was added to RAW264.7 cells stimulated by RANKL, and its effects on osteoclast differentiation were evaluated using tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, TRAP activity measurement, and F-actin ring analysis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in osteoclasts was detected using a ROS assay kit. The effects of ISO on RANKL-triggered molecular cascade response were further investigated by Western blotting, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunofluorescence staining. In addition, the therapeutic effects of ISO were evaluated in vivo. Results ISO inhibited osteoclastogenesis in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Mechanistically, ISO downregulated the expression of the main transcription factor for osteoclast differentiation by inhibiting MAPK and PI3K/AKT1 signaling pathways. Moreover, ISO exhibited protective effects in OVX-induced bone loss rats. This was consistent with the results derived from network pharmacology. Conclusion Our findings suggest a potential therapeutic utility of ISO in the management of osteoclast-associated bone diseases, including osteoporosis.

Magnetic metals have attracted extensive attention in microwave absorption for comprehensive merits of high magnetic loss and suitability for mass productions. Nevertheless, the applications have been limited by shortcomings of high conductivity and inadequate impedance matching. In this study, we have successfully synthesized a biphasic magnetic Sm2O3@Co composite through a facile one-step precipitation method. The resultant features a well-designed structure with spherical cores and flaky shells, exhibiting highly-tunable absorption performance over 2–18 GHz. Particularly, under 20 wt% filling ratio with paraffin, the Sm2O3@Co composite achieved minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −30.1 dB and effective absorbing bandwidth (EAB) of 6.22 GHz at only 1.7 mm. The dielectric and magnetic losses could be easily modulated by simply changing the induced Co ratios. Through a systematic study, the microwave absorption mechanisms of the Sm2O3@Co magnetic composite have been comprehensively elucidated. This research offers a fresh perspective on developing highly efficient electromagnetic wave absorbents based on traditional magnetic metals.

Background: The lifestyles of preschoolers have become physically inactive and sedentary, their eating habits unhealthy, and their sleep routines increasingly disturbed. Parental involvement appears crucial to combat the unhealthy lifestyle of preschoolers. Because of the recognized barriers to traditional face-to-face interventions, easy access and lower costs make electronic health (eHealth) interventions appealing. However, whether parent-based eHealth intervention may be harnessed to improve the aforementioned lifestyle behaviors of preschoolers is currently unclear, a gap that this systematic review intends to address. This study aims to systematically review the current literature concerning the effectiveness of parent-based eHealth intervention on the physical activity, dietary behaviors, and sleep of preschoolers. Method: This systematic review conforms to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis statement. Six databases (EMBASE, PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and PsycINFO) were retrieved for the period from January 2000 to December 2022. Studies were eligible if 1 they were quantitative study design; 2 eHealth interventions in which parents were the change agents targeted children aged 3–6 years; 3 interventions examined the effectiveness of eHealth or incorporated eHealth as one of the intervention modalities; 4 at least one variable included in either primary or secondary outcome had to concentrate on the physical activity, diet, and sleep of preschoolers; 5 publication type was limited to the English language and peer-reviewed journal articles; 6 study settings were confined to family- or parent-based ones. The risk of bias was assessed, based upon Version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-tool for randomized trials (RoB2). Results: Twelve studies were screened. No significant group-by-time improvement in physical activity was found in studies related to physical activity outcomes. Two studies reported a significant difference between groups concerning motor ability, with one study indicating improved object control with the other reporting improvement in both object control and locomotor skills. Of the studies related to dietary behavior outcomes, six studies reported a significant difference at the posttest compared to the control group, in terms of vegetable and fruit intake, sugar-sweetened drinks, reduced candy consumption, and improved non-core food. Three studies reported a significant difference between groups in sleep duration at the end of the posttest, with the result of one study limited to preference-only participants. None of the reviewed studies found a significant difference between groups for sleep problems. Conclusion: Parent-based eHealth interventions were not significantly effective in improving physical activity and reducing sleep problems in preschoolers, but the majority of studies have found that this type of intervention significantly improves the dietary behaviors and sleep duration of preschoolers. High-quality, robustly designed studies to balance the intervention dosage and sequence are needed to investigate the effectiveness of parent-based eHealth intervention on physical activity, dietary behaviors, and sleep in preschoolers, particularly those raised in other cultural background, which may significantly impact their lifestyle. Trial registration: International Prospective Register of Systematic Review (PROSPERO): CRD42023418861.

GH4169 alloy, a nickel-based superalloy known for its excellent high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, mechanical properties, and high-temperature tribological properties, is widely used in industrial applications, such as in gas turbines for space shuttles and rocket engines. This study addresses the issue of electrolyte product residue in the electrochemical machining process of a GH4169 alloy by utilizing a C6H5Na3O7-containing NaNO3 new mixed electrolyte. Comparative investigations of the electrochemical behavior and electrolyte product removal mechanisms at different concentrations of C6H5Na3O7 additive in NaNO3 solutions were conducted. The effects of additives, applied voltage, and the rotating speed of the cathode tool on the processing performance of micro-pit arrays on a GH4169 alloy were analyzed. The results indicate that the mixed solution containing C6H5Na3O7 significantly improves the localization and geometric morphology of the micro-pits compared to a single NaNO3 solution. The optimal electrochemical machining parameters were identified as 0.5 wt% C6H5Na3O7 + 10 wt% NaNO3 mixed electrolyte, 12 V applied voltage, and 0.1 r/min rotating speed of the cathode tool. Under these conditions, high-quality micro-pit arrays with an average diameter of 405.85 μm, an average depth of 87.5 μm, and an etch factor (EF) of 1.67 were successfully fabricated, exhibiting excellent morphology, localization, and consistency.

Drought and nitrogen deposition are two major climate challenges, which can change the soil microbial community composition and ecological strategy and affect soil heterotrophic respiration (Rh). However, the combined effects of microbial community composition, microbial life strategies, and extracellular enzymes on the dynamics of Rh under drought and nitrogen deposition conditions remain unclear. Here, we experimented with an alpine swamp meadow to simulate drought (50% reduction in precipitation) and multilevel addition of nitrogen to determine the interactive effects of microbial community composition, microbial life strategy, and extracellular enzymes on Rh. The results showed that drought significantly reduced the seasonal mean Rh by 40.07%, and increased the Rh to soil respiration ratio by 22.04%. Drought significantly altered microbial community composition. The ratio of K- to r-selected bacteria (BK:r) and fungi (FK:r) increased by 20 and 91.43%, respectively. Drought increased hydrolase activities but decreased oxidase activities. However, adding N had no significant effect on microbial community composition, BK:r, FK:r, extracellular enzymes, or Rh. A structural equation model showed that the effects of drought and adding nitrogen via microbial community composition, microbial life strategy, and extracellular enzymes explained 84% of the variation in Rh. Oxidase activities decreased with BK:r, but increased with FK:r. Our findings show that drought decreased Rh primarily by inhibiting oxidase activities, which is induced by bacterial shifts from the r-strategy to the K-strategy. Our results highlight that the indirect regulation of drought on the carbon cycle through the dynamic of bacterial and fungal life history strategy should be considered for a better understanding of how terrestrial ecosystems respond to future climate change.

Abstract Osteosarcoma (OS) commonly metastasizes to the lung, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Exosomes play a crucial role in tumor migration, including OS lung migration. However, the underlying mechanism by which exosome-derived long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) contribute to lung migration in osteosarcoma (OS) remains unclear. This study presents a newly discovered lncRNA, linc00881, derived from OS exosomes. Our study shows that linc00881 promotes the migration of OS cells to the lung and induces the conversion of normal lung fibroblasts into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Subsequently, we found that exosomal linc00881 secreted by OS cells can regulate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) in HFL-1 cells by sponging miR-29c-3p, thereby activating the NF-κB signaling in lung fibroblasts. Finally, we discovered that pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, were secreted through the linc00881/miR-29c-3p/MMP2 axis. These results suggest that OS-derived exosomes can mediate the intercellular crosstalk between OS cells and lung fibroblasts, ultimately impacting OS lung migration. Our study provides a potential target for the treatment of OS lung migration. Graphical Abstract

When assessing radar anti-jamming performance, the challenge of limited sample sizes is a significant hurdle. In response, this paper introduces a logistic fusion model that leverages Bayesian techniques and a Monte Carlo Markov chain (MCMC) sampling method based on a logistic regression model that characterizes the relationship between the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) and the anti-jamming rate. The logistic curve’s inflection point and growth rate serve as crucial indices for evaluating radar anti-jamming performance, providing insights into the SIR threshold for successful jamming mitigation. The proposed model allows for the derivation of posterior distributions for these parameters using the MCMC sampling method and kernel density estimation. It also enables the fusion of anti-jamming data from multiple stages, including mathematical simulations, hardware-in-the-loop tests, and field tests. Through extensive simulations, our method achieves a remarkably low root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.0552. Compared with a conventional BETA fusion model, our proposed logistic fusion approach demonstrates superior performance and robustness in accurately estimating the anti-jamming rate. The fusion of multi-stage data, even with varying levels of reliability, improves the overall accuracy of the performance evaluation.

This study examines the impact of axial clearance variations on the performance characteristics of a dual-rotor flowmeter (DRT-FM) through numerical simulations, with the validity of the numerical results verified by calibration experiments. The results indicate that within the range of 200 L/h to 1600 L/h, the K factors of different groups increase as clearance increases. The K factor of the 0.80 mm group is the largest, showing an average increase of around 6% compared to that of the 0.50 mm group. Additionally, Linearity E also decreased, with a minimum of 1.07% in the 0.65 mm group, significantly lower than the 3.33% in the 0.50 mm group. Furthermore, the pressure loss increased slightly, with the 0.65 mm group having the largest pressure loss; however, at a flow rate of 1600 L/h, the pressure loss only increases by 0.186 kPa compared to that of the 0.50 mm group. Flow field analysis reveals that changes in axial clearance predominantly affect pressure distribution. Larger clearances reduce low-pressure regions on upstream and downstream transition surfaces, thereby reducing energy loss due to pressure changes. Entropy analysis further demonstrates that higher axial clearance decreases energy loss in the upstream and downstream stationary domains, optimizing the DRT-FM’s energy characteristics.

GH4169 alloy/Inconel 718 is extensively utilized in aerospace manufacturing due to its excellent high temperature mechanical properties. Micro-structuring on the workpiece surface can enhance its properties further. Through-mask electrochemical micromachining (TMEMM) is a promising and potential processing method for nickel-based superalloys. It can effectively solve the problem that traditional processing methods are difficult to achieve large-scale, high-precision and efficiency processing of surface micro-structure. This study explores the feasibility of electrochemical machining (ECM) for GH4169 using roll-print mask electrochemical machining with a linear cathode. Electrochemical dissolution characteristics of GH4169 alloy were analyzed in various electrolyte solutions and concentrations. Key parameters including cathode sizes, applied voltage and corrosion time were studied in the roll-print mask electrochemical machining. A qualitative model for micro-pit formation on GH4169 was established. Optimal parameters were determined through experiments: 300 μm mask hole and cathode size, 10 wt% NaNO3 electrolyte, 12 V voltage, 6 s corrosion time. The results demonstrate that the micro-pits with a diameter of 402.3 μm, depth of 92.8 μm and etch factor (EF) of 1.81 show an excellent profile and localization.

For a real number α\alpha , the general Randić index of a graph GG, denoted by Rα(G){R}_{\alpha }\left(G), is defined as the sum of (d(u)d(v))α{\left(d\left(u)d\left(v))}^{\alpha } for all edges uvuv of GG, where d(u)d\left(u) denotes the degree of a vertex uu in GG. In particular, R−12(G){R}_{-\tfrac{1}{2}}\left(G) is the ordinary Randić index, and is simply denoted by R(G)R\left(G). Let α\alpha be a real number. In this article, we show that (1)if α≥0\alpha \ge 0, Rα(L(G))≥2Rα(G){R}_{\alpha }\left(L\left(G))\ge 2{R}_{\alpha }\left(G) for any graph GG with δ(G)≥3\delta \left(G)\ge 3;(2)if α≥0\alpha \ge 0, Rα(L(G))≥Rα(G){R}_{\alpha }\left(L\left(G))\ge {R}_{\alpha }\left(G) for any connected graph GG which is not isomorphic to Pn{P}_{n};(3)if α

This study combines photovoltaic (PV) technology with rural revitalization, constructs a new long-term mechanism by using a BOT model, and applies fuzzy number processing to the model of the real option method to dig out the potential value of the project. Based on the field research of X county, the article comprehensively analyzes the PV power generation project in terms of economic and social benefits and its impact on poverty alleviation. The results show that the total benefit of X county can reach 3720.34 million yuan in 30 years, and the average annual benefit is about 124.011 million yuan. The full power generation capacity of the project is 4,987 MWh, and the total income from electricity sales reaches 471,985,000 yuan. The PV power project has contributed significantly to environmental protection, with reductions in carbon dust, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides of 12.12 billion tons, 44.61 billion tons, 13.77 billion tons, and 750 million tons, respectively. The study also found that villages with larger administrative territory and suitable topographic conditions are more ideal for establishing large-scale PV ground power plants to help alleviate poverty. Meanwhile, villages with good grid quality are more efficient in reducing poverty when implementing PV poverty alleviation programs. This study provides an innovative perspective for village revitalization strategies and demonstrates the great potential of PV technology in promoting village economic development and environmental protection.

In this paper, an impact degree indicator system with several indicators is established, and the stability, estimation, lag selection and forecasting of the VAR model are considered in the model construction, and the MVAR model structure and estimation methods are also studied. Chongqing city is selected as the object for the actual case, and the influence degree of international logistics factors on international trade is explored, and the influence of transportation costs on real trade is studied in depth from two aspects: the spatial and temporal dimensions and the influence of high logistics costs on the trade of CIS countries. The study results show that: high logistics costs lead to the concentration of international trade in Central Asian countries up to 0.4 to 0.5. More than half of the goods the six CIS countries sell to the EU are concentrated on one or two specific items. The impact of international logistics costs is so significant that it cannot be ignored in international trade.

AbstractBackground Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal malignant solid tumours, and abnormal metabolic reprogramming in the tumour microenvironment is regarded as an important contributor to its pathogenesis.Objectives As there is an urgency to identify new targets based on the metabolic features that are highly refractory to PDAC treatment, this study aimed to identify suitable therapeutic targets for PDAC.Methods In this study, gene set enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were performed on 163 PDAC tissue samples and 165 normal pancreatic tissue samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression databases to identify alterations in critical metabolites that may contribute to PDAC pathogenesis. Furthermore, ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was performed to identify significant metabolic pathways between 24 pairs of tumour and adjacent non-tumour tissues and between serum samples from PDAC patients and healthy donors.Results Fifty-one tissue metabolites and 26 serum metabolites were altered in PDAC. Among them, those in the γ-glutamyl cycle were the most substantially changed, and 5-oxoproline was the biomarker of PDAC with the most significantly decreased levels.Conclusions The γ-glutamyl cycle and 5-oxoproline might be potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets to improve the diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of PDAC.

Herein, rice husk waste-derived porous carbon decorated with NiCo2 nanoparticles (NiCo2/C) was simply prepared by impregnation method combined with an annealing process. From the SEM images, 0-dimensional (0D) NiCo2 nanoparticles (NPs) are uniformly dispersed on the surface of three-dimensional (3D) porous rice husk carbon (PRC). The porous carbon skeleton with high graphitization not only extends the propagation path of electromagnetic waves, but also improves the conductive loss. Upon increasing the NiCo2 NPs content, the conductive loss initially decreases and then aggrandizes, while the polarization relaxation shows a monotonic increase. Benefiting from the specific structure (0D NiCo2 nanoparticles decorated 3D porous carbon construction) and the synergistic effect of excellent attenuation capacity and good impedance matching, NiCo2/C exhibits remarkably increased microwave absorption capability relative to pure PRC. By controlling the content of metallic NiCo2 NPs, the minimum RL of most samples exceeds −20 dB (＞99% attenuation) in wide EM wave ranges (4.64–18 GHz) with the variation of the absorber thickness from 1.0 to 5.0 mm. In detail, the reflection loss (RL) value is up to −55.62 dB with a thickness of 3.57 mm, and the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) reaches 4.24 GHz with a thin thickness of only 1.5 mm. This work gives a new guideline for the development of magnetic biomass carbon composite absorbers.

Abstract Mitochondria are hubs where bioenergetics, redox homeostasis, and anabolic metabolism pathways integrate through a tightly coordinated flux of metabolites. The contributions of mitochondrial metabolism to tumor growth and therapy resistance are evident, but drugs targeting mitochondrial metabolism have repeatedly failed in the clinic. Our study in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) finds that cellular and mitochondrial lipid composition influence cancer cell sensitivity to pharmacological inhibition of electron transport chain complex I. Profiling of patient-derived PDAC models revealed that monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and MUFA-linked ether phospholipids play a critical role in maintaining ROS homeostasis. We show that ether phospholipids support mitochondrial supercomplex assembly and ROS production; accordingly, blocking de novo ether phospholipid biosynthesis sensitized PDAC cells to complex I inhibition by inducing mitochondrial ROS and lipid peroxidation. These data identify ether phospholipids as a regulator of mitochondrial redox control that contributes to the sensitivity of PDAC cells to complex I inhibition.

Abstract With the rapid development of cloud computing technology, how to achieve secure access to cloud data has become a current research hotspot. Attribute-based encryption technology provides the feasibility to achieve the above goal. However, most of the existing solutions have high computational and trust costs. Furthermore, the fairness of access authorization and the security of data search can be difficult to guarantee. To address these issues, we propose a novel access control scheme based on blockchain and attribute-based searchable encryption in cloud environment. The proposed scheme achieves fine-grained access control with low computation consumption by implementing proxy encryption and decryption, while supporting policy hiding and attribute revocation. The encrypted file is stored in the IPFS and the metadata ciphertext is stored on the blockchain, which ensures data integrity and confidentiality. Simultaneously, the scheme enables the secure search of ciphertext keyword in an open and transparent blockchain environment. Additionally, an audit contract is designed to constrain user access behavior to dynamically manage access authorization. Security analysis proves that our scheme is resistant to chosen-plaintext attacks and keyword-guessing attacks. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that our scheme has high computational and storage efficiency, which is more advantageous than other schemes.

Objective To investigate the role and mechanism of miR-425-5p in the formation of hypertrophic scar(HS).Methods The levels of miR-425-5p, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and SMAD family member 2 (Smad2) in 16 pairs of HS tissue and normal skin tissue were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. The fibroblast cells were divided into nine groups: control group, miR-425-5p-mimic group, NC-mimic group, miR-425-5p-inhibitor group, NC-inhibitor group, TGF-β1-pcDNA3.1 group, NC-pcDNA3.1 group, miR-425-5p-mimic+NC-pcDNA3.1 group and miR-425-5p-mimic+TGF-β1-pcDNA3.1 group. The cells were transfected with Lipofectamine 2000. The targeting relationship between miR-425-5p and TGF-β1 was verified by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Hypertrophic scars in mice were induced by bleomycin(BLM), and then the mice were randomly divided into 3 groups, control group (NC-agomir), model group (NC-agomir+BLM) and intervention model group transfected with miR-425-5p (miR-425-5p-agomir+BLM), mice were treated for 21 days. Collagen fiber deposition in HS tissue was detected by Masson's trichrome staining. The expressions of miR-425-5p, type Ⅰ collagen (Col-Ⅰ), type Ⅲ collagen (Col-Ⅲ), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), TGF-β1 and Smad2 in tissues and cells were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Results Compared with normal group, the expression of miR-425-5p in HS group was decreased (t=4.242, P＜0.001), while the mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1 was increased(P＜0.001). Compared with control group, the mRNA and protein expression of Col-Ⅰ, Col-Ⅲ, α-SMA, TGF-β1 and Smad2 in miR-425-5p-mimic group were all decreased (P＜0.05). Compared with control group, mRNA and protein expression of Col-Ⅰ, Col-Ⅲ, α-SMA, TGF-β1 and Smad2 in miR-425-5p-inhibitor group was all increased(P＜0.05). After co-transfection with miR-425-5p-mimic, the relative luciferase activity of TGF-β1-3′-UTR-WT group was reduced as compared with TGF-β1-3′-UTR-MUT group (P＜0.05). Compared with miR-425-5p-mimic+NC-pcDNA3.1 group, mRNA and protein expression of Col-Ⅰ, Col-Ⅲ, α-SMA, TGF-β1 and Smad2 in miR-425-5p-mimic+TGF-β1-pcDNA3.1 group were all increased (P＜0.05). Compared with NC-agomir+BLM group, the relative collagen content of miR-425-5p-agomir+BLM group was decreased (P＜0.05) and the expression of miR-425-5p was increased (P＜0.05). The TGF-β1 mRNA and protein were decreased (P＜0.05).Conclusions The miR-425-5p is down-regulated in HS tissue, and up-regulated miR-425-5p inhibits collagen deposition and HS formation by inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad2 signaling pathway.

Abstract Background Hepatitis B is a global public health concern, and modifiable risk factors can accelerate progression of this disease. The burden of hepatitis B attributable to modifiable risk factors has not been well evaluated. We aimed to estimate the disease burden of hepatitis B attributable to tobacco, alcohol use, and a high body mass index (BMI) to guide lifestyle interventions in the management of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Results In 2019, 33.73% of hepatitis B age-standardized deaths and 34.52% of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) were attributable to tobacco, alcohol use, and a high BMI. The proportion showed an increasing trend that 28.23% of deaths and 27.56% of DALYs were attributable to the three modifiable risk factors in 1990. The hepatitis B burden attributable to modifiable risk factors was disparate across regions and countries. Countries with a low socioeconomic status have a high burden of hepatitis B owing to modifiable risk factors. Countries with a high-level sociodemographic index also had an increasing burden of hepatitis B attributable to a high BMI. Conclusions Lifestyle interventions are warranted in hepatitis prevention strategies and plans of action. Countries with low and middle socioeconomic development should be prioritized, and countries with high socioeconomic development should be aware of the novel challenge of a high BMI-related disease burden.

The construction of a high-precision geomagnetic map is a prerequisite for geomagnetic navigation and magnetic target-detection technology. The Kriging interpolation algorithm makes use of the variogram to perform linear unbiased and optimal estimation of unknown sample points. It has strong spatial autocorrelation and is one of the important methods for geomagnetic map construction. However, in a region with a complex geomagnetic field, the sparse geomagnetic survey lines make the ratio of line-spacing resolution to in-line resolution larger, and the survey line direction differs from the geomagnetic trend, which leads to a serious effect of geometric anisotropy and thus, reduces the interpolation accuracy of the geomagnetic maps. Therefore, this paper focuses on the problem of geometric anisotropy in the process of constructing a geomagnetic map with sparse data, analyzes the influence of sparse data on geometric anisotropy, deduces the formula of geometric anisotropy correction, and proposes a modified interpolation algorithm accounting for geometric anisotropy correction of variogram for sparse geomagnetic data. The results of several sets of simulations and measured data show that the proposed method has higher interpolation accuracy than the conventional spherical variogram model in a region where the geomagnetic anomaly gradient changes sharply, which provides an effective way to build a high-precision magnetic map of the complex geomagnetic field under the condition of sparse survey lines.

Background: The increasing evidence suggests that necroptosis mediates many behaviors of tumors, as well as the regulation of the tumor microenvironment. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in a variety of regulatory processes during tumor development and are significantly associated with patient prognosis. It suggests that necroptosis-related lncRNAs (NRlncRNAs) may serve as biomarkers for the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: lncRNA expression profiles of HCC were obtained from TCGA database. LncRNAs associated with necroptosis were extracted using correlation analysis. Prognostic models were constructed based on least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm (LASSO) and multivariate Cox regression analysis. The differences of tumor microenvironment between high-risk and low-risk groups were further analyzed. Single-cell RNA sequencing data of HCC was performed to assess the enrichment of necroptosis-related genes in immune cell subsets. Finally, real-time RT-PCR was used to detect the prognosis-related lncRNAs expression in different HCC cell lines. Results: We constructed a prognostic signature based on 8 NRlncRNAs, which also showed good predictive accuracy. The model showed that the prognosis of patients with high-risk score was significantly worse than that of patients with low-risk score (P

Objective: This study aims to discuss the appropriate treatment of esophageal fistula following anterior surgery for cervical spine fracture. Methods: Clinical data of patients with cervical spine fracture treated at our research center from January 2000 to December 2019 were screened. Data of patients with esophageal fistula were included, and the causes of injury, diagnosis, and treatment were retrospectively analyzed. Results: A total of 3578 patients with cervical spine fracture were screened, among whom there were 10 cases (0.28 %) of esophageal fistula. 60 % of the cases were early-onset and all were caused by intraoperative electric knife injury. The positive rate of early endoscopy was only 25 %, while routine radiography showed a positive rate of 33.3 % after three attempts. Among the six patients with early-onset esophageal fistula, three underwent sternocleidomastoid flap transfer and two underwent primary suture, all achieving successful healing. In the four cases of late-onset esophageal fistula, two patients received implant removal, debridement, incision lavage, and sternocleidomastoid muscle flap transfer three weeks later. One patient received implant removal, debridement, vacuum sealing drainage, followed by sternocleidomastoid muscle pedicle transfer muscle flap plus lavage two weeks later and achieved complete recovery. All patients gargled alternately with metronidazole and chlorhexidine gargle after surgery. Conclusion: The occurrence of esophageal fistula is associated with surgical procedures, esophageal injury, and implant compression. Esophagography and endoscopy are the primary diagnostic methods, while incision exploration after ingestion of food mixed with methylene serves as a supplementary approach. Recommended treatments include alternating metronidazole and chlorhexidine gargles, esophageal rest, repair of the fistula, muscle flap packing, lavage and drainage, nutritional support, and removal of internal fixation if necessary. Post-surgery administration of antibiotics should continue until three consecutive lavage cultures yield negative results.

Abstract Objective miR-125b-5p plays an important role in the development of cancer and drug resistance. However, in cisplatin resistance of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the function and potential mechanism of miR-125b-5p is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role and molecular mechanism of miR-125b-5p in cisplatin resistance of NSCLC. Methods A GEO dataset (GSE168707) was analyzed to find high miR-125b-5p levels were associated with DDP resistance. miR-125b-5p expression levels were detected in A549 and A549/DDP cells via real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Luciferase reporter assays, western blots and mouse model xenografted were performed to identify CREB1 as a direct target gene of miR-125b-5p. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were also performed to identify whether miR-125b-5p upregulation by TRIM28 induces DDP resistance in NSCLC through CREB1 inhibition. Results In A549/DDP cells, miR-125b-5p expression was upregulated compared to A549 cells. Then miR-125b-5p was found to increase DDP resistance in NSCLC in vivo and in vitro by increasing cell proliferation and suppressing cell apoptosis. Bioinformatic analyses were used to search for gene which miR-125b-5p can target. We identified miR-125b-5p can regulate CREB1 via luciferase reporter assays, qRT-PCR and western blots. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were also performed to confirm miR-125b-5p could impact on CREB1 and induce the DDP resistance in NSCLC. Additionally, we used bioinformatic analyses to find tripartite motif-containing 28 (TRIM28) as a transcriptional enhance factor of miR-125b-5p. The expression of TRIM28 was upregulated in A549/DDP cells compared with that in A549 cells by qRT-PCR. Finally, we found TRIM28 could mediate DDP resistance through miR-125b-5p/CREB1 axis via cell proliferation, western blot and apoptosis assay. Conclusions Overall, our findings demonstrated novel functions and mechanisms underlying DDP resistance in NSCLC through the TRIM28/miR-125b-5p/CREB1 axis. These may serve as novel therapeutic targets to improve the treatment efficacy using DDP for NSCLC in the future.

Abstract l-nucleosides were the most important antiviral lead compounds because they can inhibit viral DNA polymerase and DNA synthesis of many viruses, whereas they may lead to mutations in DNA replication and cause genomic instability. In this study, we reported the replicative bypass of l-deoxynucleosides in recombinant DNA by restriction enzyme–mediated assays to examine their impact on DNA replication in vitro and in E. coli cells. The results showed that a template l-dC inhibited Taq DNA polymerase reaction, whereas it can be bypassed by Vent (exo-) DNA polymerase as well as in cell replication, inserting correct nucleotides opposite l-dC. l-dG can be bypassed by Taq DNA polymerase and in E. coli cells, maintaining insertion of correct incoming nucleotides, and l-dG induced mutagenic replication by Vent (exo-) DNA polymerase. In contrast, l-dA can induced mutagenic replication in vitro and in E. coli cells. MD simulations were performed to investigate how DNA polymerase affected replicative bypass and mutations when d-nucleosides replaced with l-nucleosides. This study will provide a basis for the ability to assess the cytotoxic and mutagenic properties of the l-nucleoside drugs.

In order to improve the coal mine emergency rescue coordination ability of multivariate main body participation, we built an evaluation index system consisting of 5 first-level indexes and 17 second-level indexes including rescue preparation coordination, command decision-making coordination, life rescue coordination, accident handling coordination and rescue support coordination, and proposed an evaluation model of emergency rescue coordination capacity based on G1-dematel-measure quantification. The model is verified by the accident of Qinghai Chaidar Coal Mine. The results show that the coordination ability of emergency rescue is at the “general” level, in which the coordination ability of rescue preparation and rescue support is at the “good” level, and the coordination ability of command and decision, life rescue and accident disposal is at the “general” level, which is consistent with the actual situation of the rescue in Chaidar Coal Mine. It shows that the evaluation model can not only objectively evaluate the emergency rescue coordination capacity, but also analyze the weak links of the emergency rescue coordination capacity, providing decision support for the emergency rescue coordination capacity construction.

Cordyceps sinensis (C. sinensis) is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine commonly used to protect renal function and relieve kidney injury. This study aimed to reveal the renal protective mechanism of C. sinensis in renal ischemia–reperfusion injury (RIRI). First, we obtained 8 active components and 99 common targets of C. sinensis against RIRI from public databases. Second, we have retrieved 38 core targets through STRING database analysis. Third, Gene Ontology analysis of 38 core targets is indicated that C. sinensis treatment RIRI may related hormone regulation, oxidative stress, cell proliferation, and immune regulation. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis of 38 core targets is indicated that C. sinensis treatment RIRI may involve in PI3K–Akt, HIF-1, and MAPK signaling pathways, as well as advanced glycation end product (AGE)–receptor for AGE (RAGE) signaling pathway in diabetic complications. Lastly, molecular docking was used to detect the binding activity and properties of active components and core target using molecular docking. And the results showed that eight active components of C. sinensis had low affinity with core targets. In conclusion, C. sinensis may improve RIRI by regulating oxidative stress and immunity through PI3K–Akt, HIF-1, and MAPK pathways.

Abstract Peatlands act as an important sink of carbon dioxide (CO2). Yet, they are highly sensitive to climate change, especially to extreme drought. The changes in the net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) under extreme drought events, and the driving function of microbial enzymatic genes involved in soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition, are still unclear. Herein we investigated the effects of extreme drought events in different periods of plant growth season at Zoige peatland on NEE and microbial enzymatic genes of SOM decomposition after 5 years. The results showed that the NEE of peatland decreased significantly by 48% and 26% on average (n = 12, P

Abstract Interactions and dynamics are critical mechanisms for multi-agent systems to achieve complex intelligence through the cooperation of simple agents. Yet, inferring interactions of the multi-agent system is still a common and open problem. A new method named K-similarity is designed to measure the global relative similarities for inferring the interactions among multiple agents in this paper. K-similarity is defined to be a synthetic measure of relative similarity on each observation snapshot where regular distances are nonlinearly mapped into a network. Therefore, K-similarity contains the global relative similarity information, and the interaction topology can be inferred from the similarity matrix. It has the potential to transform into distance strictly and detect multi-scale information with various K strategies. Therefore, K-similarity can be flexibly applied to various synchronized dynamical systems with fixed, switching, and time-varying topologies. In the experiments, K-similarity outperforms four benchmark methods in accuracy in most scenarios on both simulated and real datasets, and shows strong stability towards outliers. Furthermore, according to the property of K-similarity we develop a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM)-based threshold to select probable interactions. Our method contributes to not only similarity measurement in multi-agent systems, but also other global similarity measurement problems.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of posterior surgery in the treatment of craniovertebral junction (CVJ) deformities with torticollis and methods for preventing and treating complications in order to obtain a reasonable treatment strategy. Methods From January 2007 to December 2017, 78 patients who suffered from CVJ deformities with torticollis treated by posterior surgery were analyzed. The surgical techniques were all posterior correction and fusion to restore the anatomical alignment of the craniovertebral junction. The visual analog score (VAS) and Short Form‐36 (SF‐36) health survey questionnaire were utilized to evaluate preoperative and postoperative neck pain, and changes in the torticollis angle and atlas‐dens interval (ADI) were evaluated through anteroposterior X‐ray and computed tomography. Intra‐ and postoperative complications were all recorded. One‐way ANOVA, LSD‐t test, and χ2 test were performed to evaluate the difference between the preoperative and postoperative data. Results The mean follow‐up time was 37.4 ± 15.7 months, the average operation time was 115.6 ± 12.8 min, and the average blood loss was 170.8 ± 26.3 mL. According to the deformity site, the range of posterior correction and fusion was as follows: 38 cases of C1–C2, 33 cases of C0–C2, and seven cases of C0–C3. The preoperative SF‐36, VAS, torticollis angle, and ADI were 42.6 ± 8.8, 4.8 ± 1.1, 37.2 ± 11.2°, and 4.9 ± 2.3 mm, respectively. The difference was significant at 3 months post operation (p 0.05). Conclusion It can objectively achieve favorable correction and satisfactory clinical effects under posterior correction and fixation for CVJ deformities with torticollis. Intra‐ and postoperative complications can be settled by proper management.

Abstract In this study, we successfully constructed the new graphene oxide/poly-L-lactic acid (GO/PLLA) nanofiber scaffolds with a hydrophilic surface and porous network structure that were highly favorable for cell infiltration. When employed these new nanofiber scaffolds for a wide range of tissue engineering applications, it was expected to promote graft tissue survival and angiogenesis. The new GO/PLLA nanofiber scaffold with an appropriate concentration of 1.0 wt% was applied for the restoration of ovarian function and reserve in mice with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI). After co-transplanting the normal ovarian cortex loaded on these new nanomaterials into the in situ ovarian tissue of POI mice, the fusion of transplanted ovarian cortex with damaged ovarian tissue was improved, as well as the ovarian function and the follicle numbers. Moreover, angiogenesis was observed clearly and proved to exist in the transplanted tissue and nanomaterials, with the most conspicuous effect after co-transplantation with 1.0 wt% GO/PLLA nanofiber scaffold. In addition, nitric oxide (NO) production by phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (p-eNOS) in vivo was proven to be involved in the effect of GO and PLLA on the improved survival rate of the transplanted ovarian cortex. This study provides a new method for the fertility preservation of ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation, as well as a new strategy for the transplantation of other organs.

DNA methyltransferase 3A, a mutated gene associated with hematologic malignancies in age-related clonal haematopoiesis lacks targeted therapies. Here, the authors screen carbon nanomaterials and find graphdiyne oxide binds to mutant cells and disrupts cellular processes with a therapeutic effect in vitro and in vivo.

The burden of liver diseases such as metabolic-associated fatty liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma has increased rapidly worldwide over the past decades. However, pharmacological therapies for these liver diseases are insufficient. Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate that is mainly found in cruciferous vegetables, has been found to have a broad spectrum of activities like antioxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-diabetic, and anticancer effects. Recently, a growing number of studies have reported that SFN could significantly ameliorate hepatic steatosis and prevent the development of fatty liver, improve insulin sensitivity, attenuate oxidative damage and liver injury, induce apoptosis, and inhibit the proliferation of hepatoma cells through multiple signaling pathways. Moreover, many clinical studies have demonstrated that SFN is harmless to the human body and well-tolerated by individuals. This emerging evidence suggests SFN to be a promising drug candidate in the treatment of liver diseases. Nevertheless, limitations exist in the development of SFN as a hepatoprotective drug due to its special properties, including instability, water insolubility, and high inter-individual variation of bioavailability when used from broccoli sprout extracts. Herein, we comprehensively review the recent progress of SFN in the treatment of common liver diseases and the underlying mechanisms, with the aim to provide a better understanding of the therapeutic potential of SFN in liver diseases.

As a material with multifunctional ligands, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can effectively regulate the electronic and geometric state of supported metal nanoparticles (MNPs). Herein, a strategy of PtCo alloy incorporated into UiO-66-NH2 hybrid nanoparticles by a facile one-pot solvothermal method was developed. A series of PtCoy@UiO-66-NH2 materials with different Co/Pt ratios were successfully synthesized using CoO as the cobalt source. The obtained PtCo0.80@UiO-66-NH2 exhibited excellent conversion (94.3%) with high selectivity (93.3%) for selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde (CAL) to cinnamyl alcohol (COL). Moreover, the formation rate of COL achieved to 5 mol·gPt−1·h−1 as Co/Pt atomic ratio was higher than 0.41. The synergistic effect of Pt, Co and UiO-66-NH2 was investigated by various characterizations. The results revealed that the Lewis acid CoNx favored the linear adsorption of CO bond, and PtCo alloy enhanced activity and selectivity by lowering the activation barrier for CO bond activation and simultaneously suppressing adsorption of CC bond.

With the increasing repetition rate of ultra-intense laser pulses, ion beams accelerated by these lasers show great potential for achieving high-repetition-rate, high-average-flux muon sources. Nonetheless, generating high-quality ion beams is a challenging feat as it demands a careful balance among numerous physical effects. In this study, we utilize Bayesian optimization to fine-tune laser and plasma parameters to produce high-charge energetic ion beams, consequently leading to a high-yield muon source via pitcher-catcher scheme. Beginning with initial points steered by Latin hypercube sampling, Bayesian optimization conducts an adaptive, multi-parameter exploration of input parameter space, significantly faster than univariate uniform scans, and results in a mm-scale ps-duration laser-ion-based muon source scheme providing 106π± and 104μ+ at a 10 Hz frequency, using only several tens of simulations.

Diverse microorganisms drive biogeochemical cycles and consequently influence ecosystem-level processes in alpine peatlands, which are vulnerable to extreme drought induced by climate change. However, there are few reports about the effects of extreme drought on microbial function. Here we identify microbial functional genes associated with carbon and nitrogen metabolisms of extreme drought experiments that occurred at different periods of plant growth, the results show that early extreme drought reduces the abundance of functional genes involved in the decomposition of starch and cellulose; midterm extreme drought increases the abundance of lignin decomposition functional genes; late extreme drought reduces the hemicellulose but increases cellulose decomposition functional genes. In the carbon fixation pathway, extreme drought mainly changes the abundance of functional genes involved in the reductive citrate cycle process, the 3-hydroxy propionate bi-cycle, the dicarboxylate-hydroxybutyrate cycle and the incomplete reductive citrate cycle. Among the nitrogen cycling functional genes, amoA involved in oxidizing ammonia to hydroxylamine significantly increases under early extreme drought; midterm extreme drought reduces nrtC and nifD genes, which participate in nitrate assimilation and nitrogen fixation, respectively; late extreme drought significantly increases hcp genes involved in ammonification. pH and TN had the largest effects on the carbon degradation, fixation and nitrogen cycling functional genes. The composition of microbial community structures involved in carbon fixation differed between treatments in early extreme drought. There is a good linear fit between the diversity of gene abundance and corresponding microbial communities in the reductive citrate cycle, hydroxy propionate-hydroxybutyrate cycle, dicarboxylate-hydroxybutyrate cycle and nitrogen cycling, which suggests that the functional genes and community composition of microorganisms involved in these processes are consistent in response to extreme drought. This study provides new insights into the adaptability and response characteristics of microbial communities and functional genes in plateau peatland ecosystems to extreme drought events.

The finite element method(FEM) is a powerful tool for studying friction and wear. Compared to experimental methods, it has outstanding advantages, such as saving financial costs and time. In addition, it has been widely used in friction and wear research. This paper discusses the application of the FEM in the study of friction and wear in terms of the finite element modeling methods, factors affecting wear behavior, wear theory, and the practical application of the method. Finally, the latest progress of finite element simulation wear research is summarized, and the future research direction is proposed.