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From the time it was first published in 1998, Shipping and the Environment has been the leading text on international and US law and practice in this field. Written by renowned legal and insurance practitioners with over 100 years of combined specialist experience, including first-hand knowledge of many major incidents, it is not only a comprehensive reference work but an abundant source of introductory material and practical insights, all explained with a clarity appreciated by lawyers and non-lawyers alike in a broad international readership. While updating its core subjects of pollution from ships, wreck removal and dumping at sea, this enlarged text extends into other modern areas including pollution from offshore operations after Deepwater Horizon, plastics released into the sea, recycling of vessels, polar operations, and the fast-changing restrictions on carbon emissions from ships, as well as safety threats such as cyberattacks, terrorism and modern forms of piracy.With a highly readable introductory chapter amounting to a book within a book, this is a volume of great importance to all whose work or studies are concerned with marine environmental affairs, whether in government, international bodies, industry, technical organizations, the professions, environmental NGOs, the academic world or other walks of life.

This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the international legal dimension of the management of the risk of accidents associated with offshore oil and gas activities. The editors cover the prevention and minimization of harm as well as the post-accident management of loss through liability and compensation arrangements and the processing of mass claims for compensation. While postulating a public international law framework for offshore oil and gas operations globally and exploring critical elements thereof, this book draws heavily on comparative assessments of domestic concepts and approaches, especially as regards offshore safety, liability for and compensation of harm, and mass tort claims procedures. With a team of experts from all over world as contributing authors, the book offers a unique perspective on what remains a pressing international concern: The safety of offshore operations globally and the proper allocation of loss should a major accident occur. Government officials, international civil servants and academics in related fields will find the book a valuable resource.

Civil Liability and Financial Security for Offshore Oil and Gas Activities provides insights into the liability and compensation regime for offshore-related damage. The book analyses the legal regime in a variety of states (including the US and the UK) as well as the EU regime. In addition, the various compensation mechanisms and amounts available today to compensate offshore-related damage are described and critically analysed. Moreover, the book is based on in-depth interviews with a wide variety of relevant stakeholders including insurers, representatives from supervisory authorities, and oil and gas producers. This volume also provides a variety of policy recommendations, formulated to provide an optimal compensation regime for offshore-related damage.

The first edition of this book was quickly acclaimed as the new leading text worldwide on the law and practice of pollution from ships. The second edition deals with a variety of developments since then in this fast-moving subject: the Erika and the Prestige; changes in international law on maritime safety and compensation; latest decisions on claims for compensation; analysis of the SCOPIC regime; new material on ports of refuge, transboundary movements, and pollution from offshore craft; latest cases and regulatory changes in the US; and enlarged chapters on enforcement of laws and criminal sanctions. Like its predecessor, the second edition is superbly indexed and written clearly with the needs in mind of a wide international readership.

Criminal Jurisdiction over Perpetrators of Ship-Source Pollution: International Law, State Practice and EU Harmonisation provides a thorough analysis of criminal jurisdiction over the perpetrators of ship-source pollution. Criminal sanctions for discharge violations committed by sea-going vessels represent an issue of critical concern in the field of International Law, given the many devastating pollution cases which have occurred at sea, and the multitude of complications inherent in the criminal prosecution of the perpetrators of these pollution cases. The varying substantive and geographical reach of any given State's criminal law poses unique challenges in prosecution, addressed in a comprehensive discussion which includes limitations posed by the UN Law of the Sea Convention. Additionally, consequences arising from the potential conflict between the EU harmonization measures within the field, and UNCLOS are detailed in the monograph. Lawyers, academics, and legal researchers, will appreciate Criminal Jurisdiction over Perpetrators of Ship-Source Pollution: International Law, State Practice and EU Harmonisation as a thorough source of information on the existing rules and practice in criminal cases involving pollution violations from ships.

This remarkable book – the first in-depth examination of the civil liability regime for marine oil pollution damage from a law and economics perspective – examines the efficiency and effectiveness of the regime, with particular attention to whether it is in fact designed in the public interest or merely a distribution of risks and costs among interested parties. The question is asked: does the liability system give the potential polluter incentives to take precautionary measures to avoid pollution or to reduce the possibility of pollution? The international regime on civil liability for marine oil pollution rests on the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage (CLC) and the International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage (Fund Convention). However, the world's biggest oil consumer and importer – the United States – has ratified neither, preferring its own Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA), and China – currently the world's second oil-consuming country – has not ratified the Fund Convention. Thus it is reasonable to compare the three regimes – international, US, and China – as such a comparative study may reveal some advantages or disadvantages among the three systems. Among the issues raised and tackled head-on by the author are the following: whether the contents of international conventions can be considered as the result of the influence of the various interest groups involve; overview of the regulations of marine pollution; technical standards, rules for operation, professional criteria; to what extent a state may take action against trans-boundary polluting activities; what liability a state may incur for non-action or non-effective action; significance for liability of the charter-party, generally considered the evidence of the hire of a ship, and the bill of lading, considered the evidence of the contract of carriage of goods by sea; the crucial role of the so-called ‘International Group'of 13 Protection and Indemnity (P & I) Clubs, non-profit organizations specializing in liability insurance; the main international players – the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the Comité Maritime International (CMI), and industry organizations such as INTERTANKO and the Oil Companies International Marine Forum (OCIMF); the particular regime on offshore facility pollution liability in the United States; port state control; criminal liability; and EU and other regional initiatives. In addition, a detailed study of the Erika case reveals some of the rationale for many of the persistent features of marine pollution liability regimes. The well-thought-out legal and economic analysis provided in this book, along with its clearly stated policy recommendations and constructive perspectives for future development of the liability system, will be immeasurably valuable to lawyers and policymakers active in this highly visible area of international law.

This book deals with the liability conventions brought into existence by the International Maritime Organization and concentrates on the newly adopted instrument dealing with bunker oil pollution as an area of great concern for every stakeholder involved in shipping business. The work covers a wide spectrum ranging from the Convention itself to its scope of application, liable and aggrieved parties, jurisdiction, requirements of liability and admissibility of claims, defences and exoneration from liability. It addresses many areas of interest and of importance to international and national legal advisors, lawyers, law students and anyone interested in the relevant field such as shipowners, charterers, shipbrokers, ship personnel and associated contractors and sub-contractors.

BP - Where did it all go wrong? is a quick-read business biography; it is a history and current breakdown of British Petroleum. The book introduces the reader to BP, how the company was formed, the chequered past it has, and discusses the recent disaster of one of the biggest oil spills in history. The book is skillfully written by Paul Andrews, who interprets many of the more advanced technological points, and explains them to the reader in more readable, plain English. The book asks - and attempts to answer - many questions about BP. How did they become so powerful? What caused the recent disaster? Could anything have been done to prevent it? And, of course, what does the future hold?

Les marées noires de l'Erika et du Prestige ont relancé le débat sur le fonctionnement du régime international de responsabilité et d'indemnisation pour les dommages causés par de telles pollutions et sur le rôle que ce régime pourrait jouer en matière de prévention des pollutions. L'ouvrage restitue les principaux résultats tirés d'un projet de recherche consacré à ces deux questions. Il étudie les difficultés de l'indemnisation des dommages causés par les marées noires, par l'analyse des principales catastrophes qui ont touché l'Europe ces trente dernières années. Il présente la manière particulière dont le dispositif international d'indemnisation porte le coût social des marées noires à la charge des différents acteurs de la chaîne du transport pétrolier et examine sa capacité à agir comme un instrument de prévention. L'ouvrage met enfin en lumière les multiples interactions qui existent entre pays, en termes de gestion du risque de pollution, et étudie leurs conséquences sur la forme actuelle du régime international et son efficacité préventive. Au-delà des chercheurs français et étrangers, cet ouvrage intéressera toutes les personnes concernées par les pollutions marines accidentelles.

Das Werk stellt einen Beitrag zur aktuellen Diskussion um die Änderung des internationalen Haftungs- und Entschädigungssystems für Schäden nach Tankerunfällen auf See dar. Das seit 1969 bestehende und im wesentlichen nur 1992 in einigen Bereichen überarbeitete System ist nach den medienwirksamen Unfällen der'Erika'im Jahr 1999 und der'Prestige'im Jahr 2002 zunehmend in die Kritik geraten. Der Autor analysiert das internationale Haftungs- und Entschädigungssystem sowie die dazu vorhandene Rechtsprechung und setzt sich hiermit kritisch auseinander. Anschließend wird rechtsvergleichend das alternative Modell des US-Oil Pollution Acts von 1990 und die aktuelle Diskussion auf europäischer und internationaler Ebene betrachtet. Nach ausführlichen Überlegungen zur Verbesserung des Systems, mündet die Untersuchung in konkreten Änderungsvorschlägen, die insbesondere die Erweiterung des Kreises der haftenden Personen, eine signifikante Erhöhung der Haftungs- und Entschädigungssummen und die Ausweitung des Ersatzes für Umweltschäden fordern.

Oil tankers are not the only vessels that have caused oil pollution at sea. Numerous spills in the past have been of heavy fuel oil from non-tankers. However, the international liability and compensation regime covered only oil pollution damage caused by oil tankers. There was thus a need to bring the law on marine oil pollution responsive to oil pollution damage caused by non-tankers. In March 2001, the International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage was adopted following a diplomatic conference at the International Maritime Organization. Though this convention has not yet come into force, its various aspects should already be considered as they will surely affect the maritime industry as a whole and the non-tanker sector, in particular. This book provides a timely and comprehensive study on the concept of compulsory insurance, its main purpose of ensuring compensation and its interrelations with other features such as the rule of strict liability and the limitation of liability under the convention.