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Abstract This study explores the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for reinserting tunneled cuffed catheters (TCC) with a Dacron sheath in the right internal jugular vein (RIJV) in hemodialysis patients with a history of prior RIJV catheterization and subsequent stenosis or occlusion of the RIJV, right innominate vein, and superior vena cava. Clinical data from 21 hemodialysis patients with dysfunctional vascular access who underwent PTA for reinsertion of TCC in the RIJVs from July 2020 to June 2023 at the First and Second Affiliated Hospitals of Bengbu Medical College were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical efficacy during hospitalization, postoperative TCC blood flow, and related complications during follow-up were observed. The procedure was successful in all 21 patients, with postoperative TCC blood flow meeting daily hemodialysis requirements. Only one case experienced acute bleeding with contrast agent extravasation at the intersection of the left and right innominate veins during sharp recanalization. No severe complications, such as arrhythmias, vascular rupture, pneumothorax, mediastinal hematoma, or pericardial tamponade, occurred during the procedures. Upon discharge, all patients exhibited satisfactory TCC blood flow (247.14 ± 11.46 ml/min). Postoperatively, TCC blood flow ranged between 200 and 260 ml/min, meeting the demands of regular hemodialysis. For patients with a history of repeated TCC or non-tunneled catheter (NTC) placement in the RIJV, reinserting TCC in the RIJVs through PTA is a safe and reliable technique. It effectively utilizes vascular resources and prevents vascular resource depletion associated with changing the venous catheter placement location.

The S100 protein family is a key component of damage-associated molecular patterns(DAMP), which play a vital role in regulating inflammation in the body's innate immune response. S100A8/S100A9 proteins play a wide range of antibacterial and anti-infective functions in many diseases, and promote the occurrence and development of the body's immune and inflammatory responses. In various retinal degenerative diseases, S100A8/S100A9 proteins are significantly upregulated at the transcription and translation stages, promoting the activation of inflammatory factors in ocular tissues, the activation and recruitment of immune cells such as macrophages and neutrophils, and the occurrence and development of ocular inflammation. This review aimsat explaining the biological functions of S100A8/S100A9 proteins and their roles and possible mechanisms in retinal degenerative diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration and ischemic retinopathy.

Abstract The spatiotemporal mobility patterns and next location prediction of fake base stations (FBS) provide important technical support for the police to prevent spam messages from FBS. However, due to the difficulty in locating their real-time locations, our understanding of the mobility patterns and predictability of FBS is still limited. Based on the crowdsourced spam data, we extract the time and potential locations of FBS and propose a Tucker-MMC method that combines Tucker decomposition with a Mobility Markov Chain (MMC) model to investigate the mobility patterns and predictability of FBS sending spam messages. First, we utilize Tucker decomposition to reflect the spatial and temporal preferences during the movement of the corresponding FBS. Then the mobility regularity and the theoretical maximum predictability of the FBS trajectories with similar mobility preferences are analyzed by entropy and Fano's inequality. A Tucker-MMC is also established for the next location prediction. The results using the spam dataset in Beijing show that the accuracy of Tucker-MMC is more than double that of the MMC. The accuracy of the actual location prediction model is more likely to approach the theoretical maximum predictability when FBS send spam messages in a shorter time, shorter transfer distance, and smaller access range.

Refractory high entropy alloys have excellent high temperature mechanical properties， but the high temperature oxidation resistance has always been one of the limiting factors in their application. Four kinds of refractory high entropy alloys AlNbTaTiZr， AlMoNbTiZr， AlMoNbTaTiZr and AlMo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr were designed and prepared by laser additive manufacturing technology. The oxidation mass gain of AlNbTiZr-based refractory high entropy alloys was measured at 900 ℃ and 1000 ℃， and the oxidation layer structure of different samples was studied. The effects of Mo and Ta on the high temperature oxidation resistance of AlNbTiZr-based refractory high entropy alloys were compared and analyzed. The results show that the four kinds of as-deposited high entropy alloys prepared by laser additive manufacturing are BCC＋HCP dual-phase structures. The dendrites are mainly BCC phases with high melting points， and a small amount of HCP phase rich in Al and Zr is distributed among the dendrites. AlNbTaTiZr shows the best oxidation resistance after oxidation at 900 ℃ and 1000 ℃ for a long time， and Ta instead of Mo to some extent improves the oxidation resistance of refractory high entropy alloys.

Abstract In the design and optimisation of marine wireless communication and navigation systems, a thorough investigation of radio wave propagation characteristics under atmospheric ducting conditions is essential. The authors aim to enhance the efficiency of radio wave propagation loss prediction in marine atmospheric ducting environments, proposing a prediction model based on Fast Reordered‐Alternate Direction Decomposition (FR‐ADD). By approximating the diffraction term into three independent components, exploiting the commutative properties of the Fourier transform to reduce the spatial dimensions, and incorporating a rapid algorithm for the parabolic equation, the model optimises the stepping process and significantly improves computational efficiency. Simulation experiments demonstrate that, in the long‐distance and complex marine ducting environments, the model not only maintains prediction accuracy but also substantially reduces computational load and prediction time, effectively realising over‐the‐horizon propagation prediction. In the experiment of radio wave propagation characteristics in the Yellow and Bohai Seas, the simulation data from the FR‐ADD model showed significant correlation with actual measurements and simulations from the AREPS software, confirming the method's efficiency and practicality.

【Objective】In Free Space Optical (FSO) communication, atmospheric turbulence can cause a decrease in communication link performance.【Methods】In this paper, a polar coding channel coding scheme is proposed for this problem, and Monte Carlo algorithm is used to construct polar codes for Gamma-Gamma distribution atmospheric turbulence channels commonly used in FSO communication. By comparing the Block Error Rates (BER) of the proposed polar coding scheme, uncoded transmission, and Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes with similar code lengths under Gamma-Gamma distribution atmospheric turbulence channels.【Results】The simulation results show that when the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) is greater than 6.7 dB in weak turbulence, 10.3 dB in moderate turbulence, and 11.5 dB in strong turbulence, the proposed polar coding scheme performs better than uncoded transmission. Compared with LDPC codes, under weak turbulence conditions, when the SNR is greater than 7.1 dB, the overall performance of the proposed polar coding scheme is better than that of LDPC codes. Under moderate turbulence conditions, when the SNR is greater than 10.6 dB, the overall performance of the proposed polar coding scheme is better than that of LDPC codes. Under strong turbulence conditions, when the SNR is greater than 12 dB, the overall performance of the proposed polar coding scheme is better than that of LDPC codes. In addition, it is found that when the code length is short, the code rate is low, and the decoding width is small, the proposed polar coding scheme has better performance.【Conclusion】The use of the proposed polar coding scheme effectively improves the atmospheric turbulence effect in FSO communication systems. Moreover, in the harsh atmospheric turbulence channel environment of moderate and high turbulence intensities, the proposed polar coding scheme exhibits more obvious advantages than LDPC codes. This indicates that polar codes have good development prospects in FSO communication.

Abstract Longwave radiation is an important open-air environmental factor that can significantly affect the temperature of concrete, but it has often been ignored in the temperature analysis of open-air concrete structures. In this article, an improved analytical model of concrete temperature was proposed by considering solar radiation, thermal convection, thermal conduction and especially longwave radiation. Temperature monitoring of an open-air concrete block was carried out to verify the proposed model and analyze the heat energy characteristics of open-air concrete. As demonstrated by the open-air experiment, under the influence of longwave radiation, the temperature at the top of the concrete block could decrease rapidly at night and even become lower than the minimum temperature at its bottom. Compared with the analytical model that ignores longwave radiation, the improved model that includes it better matches the measured temperature. According to the energy analysis, although solar radiation controls the transient variation in heat energy, the heat exchange caused by longwave radiation were more than that caused by convection on sunlit surfaces, which indicates the importance of considering longwave radiation.

This paper introduces a pioneering investigation into affective pragmatics through the perspective of Darwinian Biolinguistics, an interdisciplinary field at the nexus of biological and linguistic principles. Anchored in Darwin’s theory of evolution and the latest developments in neurobiology, this study delves into the influence of biological factors---especially those pertaining to the brain’s emotional processing on pragmatic communication. The research posits that human emotional responses, inherent in our biological constitution, profoundly influence the usage and interpretation of language in social interactions.

ABSTRACT ClpXP is a protease complex that plays important roles in protein quality control and cell cycle regulation, but the functions of multiple ClpXs and multiple ClpPs in M. xanthus remain unknown. The genome of Myxococcus xanthus DK1622 contains two clpPs and three clpXs. The clpP1 and clpX1 genes are cotranscribed and are both essential, while the other copies are isolated in the genome and are deletable. The deletion of clpX2 caused the mutant to be deficient in fruiting body development, while the clpX3 gene is involved in resistance to thermal stress. Both ClpPs possess catalytic active sites, but only ClpP1 shows in vitro peptidase activity on the typical substrate Suc-LY-AMC. All of these clpP and clpX genes exhibit strong transcriptional upregulation in the stationary phase, and the transcription of the three clpX genes appears to be coordinated. Our results demonstrated that multiple ClpPs and multiple ClpXs are functionally divergent and may assist in the environmental adaptation and functional diversification of M. xanthus.IMPORTANCEClpXP is an important protease complex of bacteria and is involved in various physiological processes. Myxococcus xanthus DK1622 possesses two ClpPs and three ClpXs with unclear functions. We investigated the functions of these genes and demonstrated the essential roles of clpP1 and clpX1. Only ClpP1 has in vitro peptidase activity on Suc-LY-AMC, and the isolated clpX copies participate in distinct cellular processes. All of these genes exhibited significant transcriptional upregulation in the stationary phase. Divergent functions appear in multiple ClpPs and multiple ClpXs in M. xanthus DK1622.

C45H33Cl2F3N4, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.7076(13) Å, b = 11.8186(13) Å, c = 27.473(3) Å, β = 91.188(2)°, V = 3800.6(7) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt (F) = 0.0591, wRref (F 2) = 0.1856, T = 293 K.

Autophagy dysregulation and Ca 2+-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in trophoblast cells are proposed to contribute to preeclampsia (PE) development. FAM134B is identified as a receptor associated with endoplasmic reticulum autophagy (ER-phagy). In this study, the placentas of normal pregnant women and PE patients are collected and analyzed by immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time PCR, and western blot analysis. The effects of ER-phagy are investigated in HTR8/SVneo cells. Significantly increased levels of FAM134B, inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate receptor type 1 (IP3R), calnexin, cleaved caspase 3 and cytochrome C are detected in the PE placenta and sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-treated HTR-8/SVneo cells. Overexpression of FAM134B in HTR-8/SVneo cells results in increased apoptosis, impaired invasion capacity, and diminished mitochondrial function, while an autophagy inhibitor improves mitochondrial performance. Excessive ER-phagy is also associated with an increased concentration of gamma linolenic acid. Our findings suggest that FAM134B contributes to trophoblast apoptosis by mediating ER-mitochondria Ca 2+ transfer through mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) and subsequent mitochondrial function, further enhancing our understanding of PE etiology.

Abstract Background Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a primary microvascular complication of diabetes with limited therapeutic effects. Delving into the pathogenic mechanisms of DKD and identifying new therapeutic targets is crucial. Emerging studies reveal the implication of ferroptosis and immune dysregulation in the pathogenesis of DKD, however, the precise relationship between them remains not fully elucidated. Investigating their interplay is pivotal to unraveling the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease, offering insights crucial for targeted interventions and improved patient outcomes. Methods Integrated analysis, Consensus clustering, Machine learning including Generalized Linear Models (GLM), RandomForest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (xGB), Artificial neural network (ANN) methods of DKD glomerular mRNA sequencing were performed to screen DKD-related ferroptosis genes.CIBERSORT, ESTIMATE and ssGSEA algorithm were used to assess the infiltration of immune cells between DKD and control groups and in two distinct ferroptosis phenotypes. The ferroptosis hub genes were verified in patients with DKD and in the db/db spontaneous type 2 diabetes mouse model via immunohistochemical and Western blotting analyses in mouse podocyte MPC5 and mesangial SV40-MES-13 cells under high-glucose (HG) conditions. Results We obtained 16 differentially expressed ferroptosis related genes and patients with DKD were clustered into two subgroups by consensus clustering. Five ferroptosis genes (DUSP1,ZFP36,PDK4,CD44 and RGS4) were identified to construct a diagnostic model with a good diagnosis performance in external validation. Analysis of immune infiltration revealed immune heterogeneity between DKD patients and controls.Moreover, a notable differentiation in immune landscape, comprised of Immune cells, ESTIMATE Score, Immune Score and Stromal Score was observed between two FRG clusters. GSVA analysis indicated that autophagy, apoptosis and complement activation can participate in the regulation of ferroptosis phenotypes. Experiment results showed that ZFP36 was significantly overexpressed in both tissue and cells while CD44 was on the contrary.Meanwhile,spearman analysis showed both ZFP36 and CD44 has a strong correlation with different immune cells,especially macrophage. Conclusion The regulation of the immune landscape in DKD is significantly influenced by the focal point on ferroptosis. Newly identified ferroptosis markers, CD44 and ZFP36, are poised to play essential roles through their interactions with macrophages, adding substantial value to this regulatory landscape.

Background and objectives In clinical practice, some patients are diagnosed with diabetic nephropathy (DN) combined with acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (ATIN) through renal biopsy. There is relatively little research on the treatment and prognosis of such patients, and no consensus exists on the use of glucocorticoid for treatment. Therefore, our study explores the progression of DN combined with ATIN and the renal outcomes after treatment with glucocorticoid.Methods This study retrospectively analyzed patients diagnosed with DN combined with ATIN through renal biopsy at our center from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2021. We collected general patient information, laboratory indicators, renal pathology indicators, and the glucocorticoid usage after kidney biopsy. Follow-up data were collected from medical records. Statistical analysis methods included t-tests, non-parametric tests, and chi-square tests. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate the risk factors for renal endpoint events in patients. Statistical significance was defined as p-values < 0.05.Results In this study, a total of 67 patients were included. The subjects were divided into two groups based on whether they received glucocorticoid treatment: 33 patients in the steroid group and 34 in the non-steroid group. In the steroid group, 19 patients reached the renal endpoint event, which was significantly higher than in the non-steroid group (57.58% vs. 29.41%, p = 0.038). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that serum creatinine (HR = 1.008, p

ABSTRACTThe building age is an important feature in the vulnerability assessment of disasters and building energy consumption modeling. It provides indispensable information for the study of built environment. However, obtaining high-precision maps of building ages is challenging, which impedes the development of relevant research and applications. In this study, a new building age mapping method based on Landsat time series classification and change detection (BATSCCD) was proposed, which integrates Landsat time series data with random forest and LandTrendr algorithm to reflect non-building to building changes, building reconstruction, and corresponding change characteristics. The proposed method achieved overall building age mapping accuracies of 80.45% within a 2-year tolerance and 87.66% within a 3-year tolerance in Guangzhou and accuracies of 78.08% and 87.52%, respectively, in Beijing. The improvement was notable, especially compared with the continuous change detection and classification (CCDC) method, with corresponding accuracy values of 36.22% and 46.31%, respectively, in Guangzhou and 49.7% and 60.19%, respectively, in Beijing. The results suggest that the BATSCCD method can be used to accurately estimate the building age and provide reliable mapping results. Thanks to the accessibility of required data and its high accuracy of building age estimation, the proposed method exhibits great application potential.

Background This study aims to investigate the incidence and prognosis of malignancy in individuals with thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing 7A (THSD7A)-associated membranous nephropathy (MN).Methods First, we performed a systematic literature review of prevalence of malignancy in THSD7A-associated MN. Then, we conducted a retrospective analysis of 454 patients diagnosed with MN through renal biopsy at our hospital between January 2016 and December 2020. We assessed the presence of serum anti-THSD7A antibodies and performed immunohistochemical staining of renal tissue for THSD7A. Subsequently, we followed patients with THSD7A-associated MN for a minimum of 3–5 years, collecting their clinical, pathological characteristics, and prognosis. Additionally, we conducted a literature review on patients with THSD7A-associated MN in conjunction with malignancy.Results We identified a total of nine articles containing comprehensive data on THSD7A-associated MN and malignancy. Among 235 patients with THSD7A-positive MN, 36 individuals had concurrent malignancies, resulting in a malignancy prevalence of 13.3% (95% CI: 8.9–17.7%). In our center, we followed up with 15 patients diagnosed with THSD7A-associated MN and observed three cases of concomitant tumors: two cases of lung adenocarcinoma and one case of small cell lung cancer with multiple metastases. The prevalence of malignancy in our cohort was 20%. Notably, we detected positive THSD7A staining in both renal and lung cancer tissues in one patient with small cell lung cancer.Conclusions Patients with THSD7A-associated MN should undergo vigilant follow-up assessments, with a particular focus on actively seeking potential tumorigenic lesions to prevent misdiagnosis or oversight.

ABSTRACTThe Central Business Districts (CBDs) are important hubs for urban economic activities. In the context of globalization, a unified CBD boundary would greatly facilitate the study of global CBD comparative analysis, urban socio-economic development, urban transport and commuting mode. However, previous studies have encountered challenges in developing a practical method for global CBD identification due to limitations in data sources and methodologies. In this study, we selected 32 global megacities as research objects and used the open-access Black Marble nighttime light (NTL) products to construct indicators with the intensity and angular effects of NTL. Clustering and decision tree were then employed to derive rules for CBD identification. Results show that combining Z-score indicators and the strategy of clustering 32 cities before decision tree classification could improve the accuracy of CBD identification, which achieved a producer accuracy of 85%. The 32 cities were clustered into three types, i.e. U.S.A.-like, the mixed type, and China-like. The rules for CBD identification became more complex in the above order, but the accuracy decreased in turn. This study provides a new CBD identification method for cities lacking reference data, allowing for the delineation of unified and comparable CBD boundaries on a large scale.

Background This retrospective study aims to investigate the prevalence and immunopathologic characteristics of seropositive and seronegative hepatitis B virus-associated membranous nephropathy (HBV-MN).Methods Clinicopathologic and serologic records of 420 patients with histologically confirmed HBV-MN between January 2014 and July 2021 were examined to determine the prevalence of seropositive and seronegative HBV-MN. Serum anti-PLA2R antibody testing was conducted on 280 patients with HBV-associated membranous nephropathy (HBV-MN) from August 2018 to July 2021. Immunopathologic characteristics of HBV-MN patients and anti-PLA2R antibody positivity were analyzed.Results Among 420 pathologically confirmed HBV-MN patients, 230 (54.8%) were seropositive for HBV. The seropositive group exhibited higher blood creatinine values and incidence of liver function abnormalities than the seronegative group (p

[Abstract]: Objective: To characterize the value of carotid wall shear stress (WSS) following carotid artery stenting (CAS) in patients with carotid stenosis. Methods: Twenty-eight patients with carotid stenosis treated with CAS between March 2021 to May 2022 in the eighth medical center of the PLA General Hospital were selected for our study. Carotid ultrasound was performed before the operation, one week post-operation, and six months post-operation. Carotid artery WSS was detected by blood flow vector imaging, and the changes in WSS before and after the operation were collected. Genetic testing of drugs was detected for patients with restenosis. Results: Pre-operative WSS of the proximal, narrowest region, and distal carotid arteries in patients with ischemic carotid artery stenosis was 7.88 ± 3.18Pa, 14.36 ± 6.66Pa, and 1.55 ± 1.15Pa, respectively. Comparatively, pre-operative WSS of the proximal, narrowest region and distal carotid arteries in patients without ischemic symptoms was 5.02 ± 1.99Pa, 9.68 ± 4.23Pa, and 1.10 ± 0.68Pa, respectively, with a significant difference between the two groups (p 0.05). Conclusion: We employed early carotid WSS as a means of evaluating the efficacy of carotid artery stenting. Changes in carotid WSS are closely associated with carotid artery stenosis, providing valuable hemodynamic information for CAS treatment. This technique holds great application value in pre-operative evaluation and long-term follow-up.

Due to the problem of a small amount of EEG samples and relatively high dimensionality of electroencephalogram (EEG) features, feature selection plays an essential role in EEG-based emotion recognition. However, current EEG-based emotion recognition studies utilize a problem transformation approach to transform multi-dimension emotional labels into single-dimension labels, and then implement commonly used single-label feature selection methods to search feature subsets, which ignores the relations between different emotional dimensions. To tackle the problem, we propose an efficient EEG feature selection method for multi-dimension emotion recognition (EFSMDER) via local and global label relevance. First, to capture the local label correlations, EFSMDER implements orthogonal regression to map the original EEG feature space into a low-dimension space. Then, it employs the global label correlations in the original multi-dimension emotional label space to effectively construct the label information in the low-dimension space. With the aid of local and global relevance information, EFSMDER can conduct representational EEG feature subset selection. Three EEG emotional databases with multi-dimension emotional labels were used for performance comparison between EFSMDER and fourteen state-of-the-art methods, and the EFSMDER method achieves the best multi-dimension classification accuracies of 86.43, 84.80, and 97.86 percent on the DREAMER, DEAP, and HDED datasets, respectively.

BackgroundMembranous nephropathy (MN) is an autoimmune disease and represents the most prevalent type of renal pathology in adult patients afflicted with nephrotic syndrome. Despite substantial evidence suggesting a possible link between MN and cancer, the precise underlying mechanisms remain elusive.MethodsIn this study, we acquired and integrated two MN datasets (comprising a single-cell dataset and a bulk RNA-seq dataset) from the Gene Expression Omnibus database for differential expression gene (DEG) analysis, hub genes were obtained by LASSO and random forest algorithms, the diagnostic ability of hub genes was assessed using ROC curves, and the degree of immune cell infiltration was evaluated using the ssGSEA function. Concurrently, we gathered pan-cancer-related genes from the TCGA and GTEx databases, to analyze the expression, mutation status, drug sensitivity and prognosis of hub genes in pan-cancer.ResultsWe conducted intersections between the set of 318 senescence-related genes and the 366 DEGs, resulting in the identification of 13 senescence-related DEGs. Afterwards, we meticulously analyzed these genes using the LASSO and random forest algorithms, which ultimately led to the discovery of six hub genes through intersection (PIK3R1, CCND1, TERF2IP, SLC25A4, CAPN2, and TXN). ROC curves suggest that these hub genes have good recognition of MN. After performing correlation analysis, examining immune infiltration, and conducting a comprehensive pan-cancer investigation, we validated these six hub genes through immunohistochemical analysis using human renal biopsy tissues. The pan-cancer analysis notably accentuates the robust association between these hub genes and the prognoses of individuals afflicted by diverse cancer types, further underscoring the importance of mutations within these hub genes across various cancers.ConclusionThis evidence indicates that these genes could potentially play a pivotal role as a critical link connecting MN and cancer. As a result, they may hold promise as valuable targets for intervention in cases of both MN and cancer.

ABSTRACTThe chaperone 70 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70) is important for cells from bacteria to humans to maintain proteostasis, and all eukaryotes and several prokaryotes encode Hsp70 paralogs. Although the mechanisms of Hsp70 function have been clearly illuminated, the function and evolution of Hsp70 paralogs is not well studied. DnaK is a highly conserved bacterial Hsp70 family. Here, we show that dnaK is present in 98.9% of bacterial genomes, and 6.4% of them possess two or more DnaK paralogs. We found that the duplication of dnaK is positively correlated with an increase in proteomic complexity (proteome size, number of domains). We identified the interactomes of the two DnaK paralogs of Myxococcus xanthus DK1622 (MxDnaKs), which revealed that they are mostly nonoverlapping, although both prefer α and β domain proteins. Consistent with the entire M. xanthus proteome, MxDnaK substrates have both significantly more multi-domain proteins and a higher isoelectric point than that of Escherichia coli, which encodes a single DnaK homolog. MxDnaK1 is transcriptionally upregulated in response to heat shock and prefers to bind cytosolic proteins, while MxDnaK2 is downregulated by heat shock and is more associated with membrane proteins. Using domain swapping, we show that the nucleotide-binding domain and the substrate-binding β domain are responsible for the significant differences in DnaK interactomes, and the nucleotide binding domain also determines the dimerization of MxDnaK2, but not MxDnaK1. Our work suggests that bacterial DnaK has been duplicated in order to deal with a more complex proteome, and that this allows evolution of distinct domains to deal with different subsets of target proteins.IMPORTANCEAll eukaryotic and ~40% of prokaryotic species encode multiple 70 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70) homologs with similar but diversified functions. Here, we show that duplication of canonical Hsp70 (DnaK in prokaryotes) correlates with increasing proteomic complexity and evolution of particular regions of the protein. Using the Myxococcus xanthus DnaK duplicates as a case, we found that their substrate spectrums are mostly nonoverlapping, and are both consistent to that of Escherichia coli DnaK in structural and molecular characteristics, but show differential enrichment of membrane proteins. Domain/region swapping demonstrated that the nucleotide-binding domain and the β substrate-binding domain (SBDβ), but not the SBDα or disordered C-terminal tail region, are responsible for this functional divergence. This work provides the first direct evidence for regional evolution of DnaK paralogs.

Accurate mapping of paddy rice cropping intensity (PRCI) affects precision agriculture, water use management, and informed decision-making. Many PRCI mapping approaches have been developed and achieved remarkable performance. However, large-scale and high-resolution PRCI mapping in southern China, especially in the Hunan Province, remains challenging. In this region, optical data suffer from serious data loss owing to frequent cloud coverage, whereas radar data are usually affected by mountainous terrain. Multisource data fusion may mitigate data loss; however, many data fusion approaches cannot be used in large-scale applications because of their significant computational complexity. To achieve accurate PRCI mapping in large-scale areas of southern China, we propose a novel large-scale downscaling method for multi-source data fusion. A new framework for PRCI mapping was developed using the Google Earth Engine. To test its performance, we mapped the 10 m PRCI of Hunan Province in 2020. The overall accuracy of the mapping was 90.70 % with a kappa coefficient of 0.81. Furthermore, our estimated sown area was highly correlated with the statistical yearbook (R2 = 0.84, RMSE = 11.47 kha). Our experimental results demonstrated the remarkable performance of the proposed framework for large-scale and high-resolution PRCI mapping in southern China.

Introduction:Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) necessitates innovative therapeutic strategies. This study delves into the role of DNA damage-inducing transcription factor 4 (DDIT4) within the VDR-mTOR pathway, aiming to identify a novel target for DKD drug discovery.Methods:Transcriptome data from the Gene Expression Omnibus Database were analyzed to assess the expression of mTOR and VDR expression in human renal tissues. Clinical samples from DKD patients and minimal change disease (MCD) controls were examined, and a DKD animal model using 20-week-old db/db mice was established. DDIT4 plasmid transfection was employed to modulate the VDR-mTOR pathway, with its components evaluated using immunohistochemistry, real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results:Changes in the expression of the VDR-mTOR pathway were observed in both DKD patients and the animal model. Overexpression of DDIT4 increased VDR expression and decreased levels of mTOR, p70s6k, and 4E-BP1. Furthermore, DDIT4 treatment regulated autophagy by upregulating LC3I expression and downregulating LC3II expression. Notably, DDIT4 alleviated oxidative stress by reducing the levels of lipid peroxidation product MDA, while simultaneously increasing the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), underscoring the role of DDIT4 in the pathological process of DKD and its potential as a therapeutic target.Conclusion:Unraveling DDIT4’s involvement in the VDR-mTOR pathway provides insights for innovative DKD drug discovery, emphasizing its potential as a therapeutic target for future interventions.

The Ebola virus (EBOV) is a lethal pathogen causing hemorrhagic fever syndrome which remains a global health challenge. In the EBOV, two multifunctional proteins, VP35 and VP40, have significant roles in replication, virion assembly, and budding from the cell and have been identified as druggable targets. In this study, we employed in silico methods comprising molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulations, and pharmacological properties to identify prospective drugs for inhibiting VP35 and VP40 proteins from the myxobacterial bioactive natural product repertoire. Cystobactamid 934-2, Cystobactamid 919-1, and Cittilin A bound firmly to VP35. Meanwhile, 2-Hydroxysorangiadenosine, Enhypyrazinone B, and Sorangiadenosine showed strong binding to the matrix protein VP40. Molecular dynamic simulations revealed that, among these compounds, Cystobactamid 919-1 and 2-Hydroxysorangiadenosine had stable interactions with their respective targets. Similarly, molecular mechanics Poisson–Boltzmann surface area (MMPBSA) calculations indicated close-fitting receptor binding with VP35 or VP40. These two compounds also exhibited good pharmacological properties. In conclusion, we identified Cystobactamid 919-1 and 2-Hydroxysorangiadenosine as potential ligands for EBOV that target VP35 and VP40 proteins. These findings signify an essential step in vitro and in vivo to validate their potential for EBOV inhibition.

Phase separation provides a general mechanism for the formation of biomolecular condensates, and it plays a vital role in regulating diverse cellular processes, including gene expression. Although the role of transcription factors and coactivators in regulating transcription has long been understood, how phase separation is involved in this process is just beginning to be explored. In this review, we highlight recent advance in elucidating the molecular mechanisms and functions of transcriptional condensates in gene expression control. We discuss the different condensates formed at each stage of the transcription cycle and how they are dynamically regulated in response to diverse cellular and extracellular cues that cause rapid changes in gene expression. Furthermore, we present new findings regarding the dysregulation of transcription condensates and their implications in human diseases.

Pulmonary embolism and massive hemoptysis caused by intravascular foreign bodies have rarely been reported. We report a case of an end-stage renal disease patient in which the tip of the angiographic catheter fell off into the pulmonary artery during endovascular interventional opening when the patient underwent vascular access occlusion for dialysis. During the operation, the foreign body was displaced repeatedly and finally anchored to the posterior basal segment branch of the right lower pulmonary artery. A pulmonary embolism occurred during the operation, and massive hemoptysis and hemorrhagic shock occurred after anticoagulation and thrombolytic therapy. After receiving anti-shock and symptomatic treatment, the patient gradually recovered. After six months of follow-up, no pulmonary embolism or pulmonary infarction occurred. Our case report presents an alternative approach to extracting a foreign object from the pulmonary artery by locating the foreign object within the vascular terminations, without resorting to forceful removal. This method mitigates the potential risks of pulmonary embolism and bleeding associated with forceful extraction.

Accurately estimating commuting flow is essential for optimizing urban planning and traffic design. The latest graph neural network (GNN) model with the encoder-decoder-predictor components has several limitations. First, it ignores the temporal dependency of node features for node embedding. Second, different estimation methods used in the decoder and predictor make it difficult to distinguish the contribution of node embedding or estimation method to flow estimation. Third, finer-grained socio-economic features of nodes are difficult to obtain due to low data availability. To address these problems, this study proposes a fusion model of temporal graph attention network and machine learning (TGAT-ML) to infer commuting flow from dynamic human activity intensity distribution. The model first constructs a commuting network with temporal human activity intensity as node features. A temporal graph attention network is then developed to capture the spatiotemporal dependency. The learned node embedding is generated by using a machine learning method in the decoder. Finally, based on learned node embedding and machine learning method used in the decoder, the commuting flow intensity is estimated. Results from an empirical study using the Baidu heat map data of Guangzhou city indicate that the proposed fusion model TGAT-ML outperforms all other baseline models. This study proves that the model performance can be significantly enhanced by determining the edge existence through commuting time-based approach, integrating temporal convolution with graph convolution, and unifying flow estimation method in both decoder and predictor. This work enables commuting flow estimation from dynamic human activity intensity and broadens existing flow generation research in terms of data and methodology.

Abstract The surface air temperature (SAT) over the Sahara Desert has increased at a much faster rate than average tropical land in recent decades. This study examines the relative roles of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing and sea surface temperature (SST) change in the observed Saharan temperature increase during boreal warm season from 1979 to 2020 using atmospheric general circulation model simulations. It is found that the SST forcing dominates the observed Saharan warming. Further analysis shows that the warming ocean forces the Saharan SAT increase by moving more energy to the Sahara Desert, while the water vapor feedback plays a secondary role. The reason for the stronger Saharan warming than the average tropical land given the same SST forcing is also explored. We found that the largest contributor to the warming contrast is the lapse‐rate feedback, which is attributable to the difference in the vertical warming profile.

Innovative product packaging design is designed to build brand image, increase product sales, and thus enhance economic benefits. This paper explains the principle of the XGBoost algorithm from a digital perspective and gives the basic framework. Then the original objective function of XGBoost is approximated and expanded using Taylor’s formula to create the XGBoost classification model, and the performance is evaluated for this model. The XGBoost classification model was used to analyze the data of visual communication appositeness to the production of article shell, including the innovative design of production of article shell illustration and the innovation of visual elements. Among the illustration innovation designs, the illustration designs of life scenes, traditional patterns, famous paintings, and rui animals increased by 44.06%, 42.95%, 66.27%, and 94.25%, respectively. Among the innovation of visual elements, there are six influential elements of product packaging box form, packaging opening method, and packaging material, namely emotional, aesthetic, interesting, interactive, green, and humanistic, accounting for 46.20%, 38.92%, 52.42%, 46.80%, 49.81%, and 42.86% respectively. Promote articles to get rid of traditional thinking packaging production of article shell visual communication under the digital perspective should be based on the reality of life, enhance the design sense of product packaging, and promote the improvement of economic benefits.

AbstractThe incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in hemodialysis (HD) patients is high and the prognosis is extremely poor. However, the potential connection between HD and AMI, and its regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, the gene expression profiles of HD (GSE15072) and AMI (GSE66360) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained using the limma R package, the biological functions were analyzed according to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses, machine learning was conducted to identify hub genes. Receiver operating characteristic curves and gene set enrichment analyses were used to explore the characters and biological function of hub genes, networks were used for candidate identification of transcription factor (TF), microRNA (miRNA), and drug. After a total of 255 common DEGs were selected, GO and KEGG analyses indicated that neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) may be a potential connection between HD and AMI, LILRB2, S100A12, CYBB, ITGAM, and PPIF were finally identified as hub genes. The area under curve of LILRB2, S100A12, and PPIF was higher than 0.8 in both datasets. Networks show the relationship between hub genes, TF, and miRNA, also the relationship between potential drugs and protein. In conclusion, NETs may be the potential connection between AMI and HD. The potential hub gene, signaling pathways, and drugs provided by this study may contribute to future AMI prevention and intervention in HD patients.

A reasonable evaluation of unloading deformation characteristics is of great significance for the effective analysis of deformation and stability of surrounding rocks after underground excavation. In this study, the damage-controlled cyclic triaxial loading tests were conducted to investigate the pore compaction mechanism and its influences on the unloading deformation behavior of red sandstone, including Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, volumetric strain, and irreversible strain. The experimental results show that the increases of volumetric and irreversible strains of rocks can be attributed to the compaction mechanism, which almost dominates the entire pre-peak deformation process. The unloading deformation consists of the reversible linear and nonlinear strains, and the irreversible strain under the influence of the porous grain structure. The pre-peak Young's modulus tends to increase and then decrease due to the influence of the unloading irreversible strain. However, it hardly changes with the increasing volumetric strain compaction under the influence of reversible nonlinear strain. Instead, the initial unloading tangent modulus is highly related to the volumetric strain, and clearly reflects the compaction state of red sandstone. Furthermore, both the reversible nonlinear and irreversible unloading deformations are independent of confining pressure. This study is beneficial for the theoretical modeling and prediction of cyclic unloading deformation behavior of red sandstone.

Abstract Accurate vestibule segmentation for CT images is of great significance for the clinical diagnosis of congenital ear malformations and cochlear implant. However, it is still a challenging task due to extremely small size and irregular shape of vestibule. Here, a vestibule segmentation network for CT images is proposed under the basic encoder‐decoder framework. Firstly, a residual block based on channel attention mechanism, named Res‐CA block, is designed to guide the network to enhance the important features for the segmentation tasks while suppressing the irrelevant ones. And then, a global context‐aware pyramid feature extraction (GCPFE) module is proposed to capture multi‐receptive‐field global context information. Finally, active contour with elastic (ACE) loss function is adopted to guide network learning more detailed information of the boundary. Furthermore, deep supervision (DS) mechanism is employed to locate the boundaries finely, improving the robustness of the network. The experiments are conducted on the self‐established VestibuleDataset and UHRCT‐Dataset, as well as publicly available retinal dataset, namely DRIVE, to comprehensively verify the robustness and generalization capability of the proposed segmentation network. The experimental results show that the proposed network can achieve a superior performance.

Accurately measuring industrial spatial agglomeration patterns is crucial for promoting regional economic development. However, few studies have considered both agglomeration degrees and cluster locations of industries. Moreover, the traditional multi-scale cluster location mining (MCLM) method still has limitations in terms of accuracy, parameter setting, calculation efficiency, etc. This study proposes a new framework for analyzing industrial spatial agglomeration patterns, which uses the Duranton and Overman (DO) index for estimating agglomeration degrees and a newly developed local DO (LDO) index for mining cluster locations. The MCLM-LDO method was proposed by incorporating the LDO index into the MCLM method, and it was validated via comparisons with three baseline methods based on two synthetic datasets. The results proved that the MCLM-LDO method can achieve accuracies of 0.945 and 1 with computational times of 0.15 s and 0.11 s on two datasets, which are superior to existing MCLM methods. The proposed framework was further applied to analyze the spatial agglomeration patterns of the industry of computer, communication, and other electronic equipment manufacturing in Guangdong Province, China. The results showed that the framework gives a more holistic perspective of spatial agglomeration patterns, which can serve as more meaningful references for industrial sustainable development.

Mangrove forests with high vegetation productivity play crucial roles in the coastal blue carbon ecosystem. Accurate monitoring of mangrove canopy phenology is essential to improve the survival rate of restoration plantings and maintain the health and sustainability of mangrove ecosystems. Remote sensing technology has been commonly used for monitoring vegetation phenology, while there remain knowledge gaps in exploring the remotely-sensed phenology of mangrove forests in coastal China. In this study, we investigated the phenological characteristics of two typical mangrove sites in coastal China using remote sensing indices based on Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 time series during 2016–2020, compared the performances of mangrove phenology detection across different remote sensing indices and spatial scales, and explored the influences of environmental factors based on meteorological data. The results demonstrated that enhanced vegetation index (EVI), red-edge band index (NDRE2), phenology index (NDPI), and radar vegetation index (RVI) were efficient in characterizing mangrove phenological trajectories. Sentinel-2 data can precisely describe the phenological characteristics of mangroves and has the highest correlation with ground-observed phenology data (r = −0.581), when compared to Landsat-8 and MODIS data. The meteorological factors of precipitation, humidity, and wind speed mainly led to the differences in mangrove phenology across the two study sites. This finding can improve our understanding of the phenological characteristics of mangrove forests in coastal China, which facilitates local governments to develop appropriate mangrove restoration and management policies.

ObjectiveTo explore the difference in CT values between pulmonary thromboembolism and postmortem clot in postmortem CT pulmonary angiography （CTPA） to further improve the application value of virtual autopsy.MethodsPostmortem CTPA data with the definite cause of death from 2016 to 2019 were collected and divided into pulmonary thromboembolism group （n=4）, postmortem clot group （n=5）, and control group （n=5）. CT values of pulmonary trunk and left and right pulmonary artery contents in each group were measured and analyzed statistically.ResultsThe average CT value in the pulmonary thromboembolism group and postmortem clot group were （168.4±53.8） HU and （282.7±78.0） HU, respectively, which were lower than those of the control group （1 193.0±82.9） HU （P

Abstract Background Rituximab (RTX) is a standard therapy for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). However, the most frequently used dose may lead to severe adverse effects (SAEs). We explored the efficacy and safety of low-dose RTX in Chinese patients with AAV. Methods A total of 22 Chinese patients diagnosed with AAV with renal involvement, including 8 treated with low-dose RTX (400 mg of RTX total over 4 weeks) and 14 treated with cyclophosphamide (CYC), were evaluated. The baseline clinical and pathological data and laboratory parameters during follow-up at months 1, 3, 6, and 12 were collected retrospectively. Results The baseline data showed no significant differences between the two groups. The median peripheral CD19+ cell counts in the RTX group decreased from 315.0/μL to 1.5/μL at 2 weeks, and to 2.5/μL at 1 month after the first dose. The median SCr level decreased from 267.8 μmol/L before treatment to 151.45 μmol/L at 1 month, 132.75 μmol/L at 3 months, 123.2 μmol/L at 6 months, and 151.9 μmol/L at 12 months in RTX-treated patients. The improvements in renal function, proteinuria, and ANCA titre were not significantly different between the two groups. The SAE rate was significantly lower in the RTX group (one SAE of pneumonia) compared with the CYC group. Conclusions This is the first report that low-dose RTX could be effective for the treatment of Chinese patients with AAV with renal involvement.

As the COVID-19 vaccination has been quickly rolling out around the globe, the evaluation of the effects of vaccinating populations for the safe reopening of schools has become a focal point for educators, decision-makers, and the general public. Within this context, we develop a contact network agent-based model (CN-ABM) to simulate on-campus disease transmission scenarios. The CN-ABM establishes contact networks for agents based on their daily activity patterns, evaluates the agents’ health status change in different activity environments, and then simulates the epidemic curve. By applying the model to a real-world campus environment, we identify how different community risk levels, teaching modalities, and vaccination rates would shape the epidemic curve. The results show that without vaccination, retaining under 50% of on-campus students can largely flatten the curve, and having 25% on-campus students can achieve the best result (peak value < 1%). With vaccination, having a maximum of 75% on-campus students and at least a 45% vaccination rate can suppress the curve, and a 65% vaccination rate can achieve the best result. The developed CN-ABM can be employed to assist local government and school officials with developing proactive intervention strategies to safely reopen schools.

The dynamic population distributions by activity type (e.g. working, shopping or in-home) are vital for resource allocation, urban planning and epidemic containment. Although studies have incorporated individual-level human mobility data to map population distribution by activity type, access to such data is hindered due to privacy issues and they rely on auxiliary data to provide priori activity knowledge. This paper presents a method for generating the population dynamics by activity type. We first introduce more readily available sequential snapshot data to construct the population mixture model, then decompose the population mixture, and finally estimate the dynamic population size for each activity. We test the method in the central districts of Guangzhou city, China, based on real-time Tencent user density data. Correlation analysis and accuracy assessment prove that our method can accurately estimate hourly distributions for populations engaging in working, stay-at-home, and socializing activities. The temporal distribution of the working population reproduces the regular work scenarios and socializing population displays complex spatial patterns. We also find that there is an underlying relationship between a region’s function and its dynamic population structure. The presented method has great potential for application and could provide new insight for studying urban dynamic functions.

Abstract Background Glomerular disease is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease globally. No scoping review reports have focused on China's spectrum of glomerular diseases in children. This study aimed to systematically identify and describe retrospective studies on pediatric glomerular disease based on available data on sex, age, study period, and region. Methods Six databases were systematically searched for relevant studies from initiation to December 2021 in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Global Health Library, Wangfang Database, and CNKI. Results Thirty‐four studies were identified in the scoping review, including 40,430 patients with biopsy‐proven diagnoses. The proportion of boys was significantly higher than that of girls. In this study, 28,280 (70%) cases were primary glomerular disease, 10,547 (26.1%) cases were diagnosed as secondary glomerular disease, and 1146 (2.8%) cases were hereditary glomerular disease. Minimal change disease is the most common glomerular disease among children in China, followed by mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy, and purpura nephritis. We observed increments in glomerular diseases in periods 2 (2001–2010) and 3 (2011–2021). The proportion of major glomerular diseases varies significantly in the different regions of China. Conclusion The spectrum of pediatric glomerular diseases varied across sex, age groups, study periods, and regions, and has changed considerably over the past 30 years.

Myxobacteria are famous for their capacity for social behavior and natural product biosynthesis. The unique sociality of myxobacteria is not only an intriguing scientific topic but also the main limiting factor for their manipulation. After more than half a century of research, a series of genetic techniques for myxobacteria have been developed, rendering these mysterious bacteria manipulable. Here, we review the advances in genetic manipulation of myxobacteria, with a particular focus on the exploitation of secondary metabolism. We emphasize the necessity and urgency of constructing the myxobacterial chassis for synthetic biology research and the exploitation of untapped secondary metabolism.

The performance of neutron transport calculations is heavily reliant on the fidelity of nuclear data. The Free Gas Model (FGM) is no longer applicable at low neutron energy range due to nucleus binding effects, necessitating the implementation of the Thermal Scattering Law (TSL). The present study systematically reports the unexpected discrepancies in keff calculations with TSL across different versions of OpenMC, an open-source Monte Carlo code developed by MIT. Based on four representative benchmark series (HMT-026, HMT-027, BEAVRS, and TRIGA fuel rod), the analysis reveals that updates in OpenMC v0.13.0 significantly contribute to these discrepancies, sometimes up to ~1000 pcm. After further review, a modification in the source code for coherent elastic scattering (suggestion #1949) may affect the sampling of the cosine of the coherent scattering angle. Additionally, recompilation of OpenMC v13.2 using the older segment code aligns reactivity calculations closely with version 0.12.2 and thus confirms the above conclusion. Nevertheless, both the developers and we are still uncertain whether this update is correct until now. A systematic examination of the source code is necessary in the near future. Another direct conclusion from the present study is the importance of including diverse benchmarks for code verification and validation.

Urban agglomerations are becoming increasingly important in driving economic development in China. Accurate representation of the economic development status and spillover effects of cities within an urban agglomeration is the foundation of and an effective approach for promoting the coordinated development of that agglomeration. However, current studies of economic spillovers tend to focus on urban agglomerations as a whole, and there is a lack of scrutiny and validation of research data. Therefore, this study proposes a framework for detecting economic spillover effects within an urban agglomeration based on a prolonged night-time light dataset. Firstly, we explored the most suitable night-time light index to characterize the economic status. Then, we used this index to construct the economic network and hierarchical structure of the urban agglomeration. Finally, we explored the heterogeneity of spillover effects under the hierarchical structure. The results of a case study in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) urban agglomeration show that (1) the total night-time light in built-up areas (BNTL) has the highest Pearson correlation coefficient with GDP, which is 0.82; (2) there is an obvious hierarchical structure within the PRD; (3) there are significant and sustained economic spillover effects among the core cities, with Guangzhou–Foshan and Shenzhen–Dongguan having more obvious spillover effects; and (4) the economic spillover effects within the three metropolitan areas have different characteristics. The Guangzhou–Foshan–Zhaoqing metropolitan area is closely linked, to apparent differences in the pace of spillover effects. The Shenzhen–Dongguan–Huizhou metropolitan area has strong close linkages, with strong synchronization of spillover effects. The Zhuhai–Zhongshan–Jiangmen metropolitan area has not yet formed a stable synergistic development relationship. Overall, the framework can effectively reveal the hierarchical structure and different characteristics of economic spillovers within urban agglomerations, which can provide a scientific reference for policy making related to the coordinated development of such agglomerations.

Abstract Anomaly object detection is the core technology in the application for X‐ray images. However, the accuracy of current X‐ray anomaly object detection method still needs to be improved. In this paper, an effective anomaly object detection network is proposed to improve the detection accuracy of anomaly object for X‐ray images. Firstly, learnable Gabor convolution layer, deformable convolution, and spatial attention mechanism are introduced to enhance the representative ability of features in ResNeXt. Then, dense local regression is applied to predict the offset of multiple dense boxes in region proposal to locate the object accurately. At last, bigger discriminative RoI pooling is proposed to classify the candidate boxes to improve the accuracy of object classification. Experimental results on the SIXray and OPIXray datasets show that compared with the state‐of‐the‐art methods, the proposed EAOD‐Net can achieve the competitive detection performance.

ABSTRACT Aims/Introduction It is not unclear whether the complement system is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). We explored the role of the complement system in glomeruli from patients with DN using integrated transcriptomic bioinformatics analysis and renal histopathology. Materials and Methods Four datasets (GSE30528, GSE104948, GSE96804 and GSE99339) from the Gene Expression Omnibus database were integrated. We used a protein–protein interaction network and the Molecular Complex Detection App to obtain hub genes. Gene ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were carried out to identify significant pathways. We also investigated the associations of C1q and C3 deposition on renal histopathology with clinical data, pathological parameters and renal survival in DN patients. Results We identified 47 up‐ and 48 downregulated genes associated with DN. C3, C1QB and C1QA were found to be complement‐related hub genes. The gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses identified complement activation and humoral immune response as the significant oncology terms, with C1QB and C3 positioned at the center of the pathway. Regarding renal histopathology, patients with both C1q and C3 deposition had more severe glomerular classes. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression showed that the deposition of glomerular C1q and C3 was an independent risk factor for kidney failure. Patients with high C1q, C3 or C4d expression in glomeruli were more likely to progress to kidney failure, whereas glomerular mannose‐binding lectin was rare. Conclusions Complement activation is involved in the development of DN, and activation of the classical complement pathway in glomeruli might accelerate disease progression.

The discrimination of river blockages is very important for the risk assessment of landslide disasters and secondary hazards. Experimental studies and statistical analyses were carried out to explore the formation process and discriminant criteria of river blockages caused by landslides. An adjustable slide chute was designed and built to conduct forty-five landslide experiments. According to the experimental results, river blockage was identified as having six types based on the differences between the water depth and the height of the landslide dam, and the degree of river blockage increased from 70% to 100% as the chute angle, particle size, and landslide volume increased. It is also found that landslide volume controls the landslide dam height and degree of blockage, and particle size and slide angle control both the landslide velocity as it enters the river and the cross-section shape of the landslide dam. To investigate more influence factors, a statistical investigation of 60 real landslide cases was carried out, and it revealed that some geometric attributes related to landslide volume have the highest correlation with river blockage, especially landslide thickness. Finally, an improved probability model was proposed to assess the possibility of complete blockage, and it has overall accuracies of 91.1% and 83.3% when applied to predict experimental landslide cases and real landslide cases, respectively.

The temperature field of thin-walled concrete is susceptible to the influence of the external environment, which may endanger the safety of its operation in projects. Therefore, it is essential for construction designers to conduct a full cycle experiment to clarify the influence of various environmental factors on thin-walled concrete temperature. In this paper, based on a long-term outdoor measurement experiment, the mean temperature and gradient temperature were both statistically analyzed seasonally, and two extreme gradient temperature patterns were identified and summarized. In addition, random forest regression was introduced to conduct a sensitivity analysis. It was found that the air temperature controlled the mean temperature and that solar radiation was the dominant factor affecting the gradient temperature, while the effect of wind speed was overall negligible. In addition, correlations between the concrete’s temperature and environmental factors were analyzed. It was concluded that the concrete’s mean temperature was positively and linearly correlated with the air temperature, while the minimum gradient temperature for the bottom shadow surface and maximum gradient temperature for the top shadow surface, respectively, had negative and positive linear correlations with the average solar radiation.

Abstract The spatial pattern and mechanism of human flow are of great significance for urban planning, economic development, transportation planning and so on. In this study, we used cell phone location data to represent the human flow network in Guangdong Province, China, using the 21 cities in Guangdong as “nodes” and the human flow intensity among them as “edges”. Then we explored macro and micro features of the human flow network, by using the index of degree distribution, alter-based centrality and alter-based power, respectively. Finally, we proposed a human flow estimation model which integrates individual urban characteristics, intercity links, and differences to further analyze the affecting factors of human flow. We found that the human flow network in this region is significantly scale-free, with Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Foshan, and Dongguan being the most important cities. We also found that the newly proposed model can explain the human flow in the study area, with an R 2 of 0.914. Analysis results show that the factors of employment in tertiary sector, intercity internet attention, intercity differences in the number of tertiary workers, differences in population size, and distance have significant impacts on the human flow. This study may provide insights into human activity mechanisms that can contribute to urban planning and management.

The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-Operational Line-Scan System (DMSP-OLS) nighttime stable light (NSL) products have been widely employed for studying human activities and urbanization. However, due to the lack of on-board calibration of the OLS sensors, narrow radiation range, and different satellite platforms, the NSL products suffer from several limitations such as saturation effect and inconsistency problem. To solve these issues, this study proposed a spatio-temporal adaptive pseudo-invariant pixel (STAPIP) scheme for NSL time-series consistency calibration based on eight-year DMSP-OLS radiance calibrated (RC) products. The unsaturated pixels were calibrated with the temporal adaptive pseudo-invariant pixel (TAPIP) method, while the saturated pixels were calibrated with the spatial adaptive PIP (SAPIP) method. To verify the proposed method's effectiveness, we applied it in China and compared its results with the results of several existing NSL calibration methods. Then we further analyzed the correlations between the calibrated NSL time-series images and several important socio-economic indicators, such as population, gross domestic product (GDP), and electricity consumption (EC). Results showed that the NSL time-series images calibrated by the STAPIP method have the best consistency and highest correlation with socio-economic indicators at both provincial and city levels. Thus, this study can provide an accurate and stable NSL time-series product for research on human activities and the urbanization process.

Cardiovascular disease remains one of the leading causes of death in China, with increasingly serious negative effects on people and society. Despite significant advances in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases, such as atrial fibrillation/flutter and heart failure over the last few years, much more remains to be done. Therefore, developing innovative methods for identifying and managing cardiovascular disorders is critical. Nanomaterials provide multiple benefits in biomedicine, primarily better catalytic activity, drug loading, targeting, and imaging. Biomimetic materials and nanoparticles are specially combined to synthesize biomimetic nanoparticles that successfully reduce the nanoparticles’ toxicity and immunogenicity while enhancing histocompatibility. Additionally, the biological targeting capability of nanoparticles facilitates the diagnosis and therapy of cardiovascular disease. Nowadays, nanomedicine still faces numerous challenges, which necessitates creating nanoparticles that are highly selective, toxic-free, and better clinically applicable. This study reviews the scientific accomplishments in this field over the past few years covering the classification, applications, and prospects of noble metal biomimetic nanozymes and biomimetic nanocarriers.

Abstract With the sharp booming of online live streaming platforms, some anchors seek profits and accumulate popularity by mixing inappropriate content into live programs. After being blacklisted, these anchors even forged their identities to change the platform to continue live, causing great harm to the network environment. Therefore, we propose an anchor voiceprint recognition in live streaming via RawNet-SA and gated recurrent unit (GRU) for anchor identification of live platform. First, the speech of the anchor is extracted from the live streaming by using voice activation detection (VAD) and speech separation. Then, the feature sequence of anchor voiceprint is generated from the speech waveform with the self-attention network RawNet-SA. Finally, the feature sequence of anchor voiceprint is aggregated by GRU to transform into a deep voiceprint feature vector for anchor recognition. Experiments are conducted on the VoxCeleb, CN-Celeb, and MUSAN dataset, and the competitive results demonstrate that our method can effectively recognize the anchor voiceprint in video streaming.