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Objective To investigate the effects of Manbai Shengfa formula on intestinal flora in mice with androgenic alopecia (AGA), using 16S rDNA technology. Methods A total of 36 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 6 groups, i.e. blank control group, model group, positive control group, and high-, medium-, and low-dose of Manbai Shengfa formula, with 6 mice per group. Following removal of hair on the back (2 cm × 3 cm area), multiple-point subcutaneous injections of testosterone propionate at a total dose of 0.1 mg/d/mouse were given to establish the AGA model, while the uninjected mice served as blank controls. Afterward, both the blank controls and model mice were treated topically with normal saline (1.0 mL/d/ mouse). The positive group was treated topically with 5% minoxidil tincture (1.0 mL/d/ mouse). The rest three groups were treated orally with Manbai Shengfa formula at doses of 5.0 g/kg, 2.5 g/kg and 1.25 g/kg, respectively, for 30 consecutive days. After 30-day treatments, the skin of the depilated area was collected for pathology, and the feces were collected for 16S rDNA analysis. Results Compared with the untreated model group, Manbai Shengfa formula significantly increased the number of hair follicles. The morphology of hair follicles in the high-dose group was similar to that in the blank controls. The results of diversity analysis showed that the model group exhibited a reduced richness and diversity of intestinal flora compared to the blank controls, while Manbai Shengfa formula dose-dependently increased the richness of intestinal flora in the mouse model of AGA. The alpha diversity indices of intestinal flora differed significantly between the model group and the Manbai Shengfa formula treated groups (P

[Objective] This study was aimed to understand the spatiotemporal changes in extreme climate and its influence on vegetation. [Methods] Based on daily meteorological data (1960—2020) from 115 weather stations in the Qinling-Daba mountains (QBMs) and surrounding areas and satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of the NDVI in the QBMs and its response to 19 extreme climate indices were analyzed. Geographic detector was used to identify the contribution rate of extreme climate indices and their influence on the NDVI. [Results] (1) The NDVI significantly increased in the majority of the QBMs (80.34%) and decreased in only a few regions (1.09%) from 2000 to 2020. The interannual change rate in the study area was approximately 0.03/10 a. (2) Noticeable warming was observed in the QBMs from 1960 to 2020, with the temperature increasing more at night than during the day, and regions with a larger change in extreme temperature events were mostly found in the Western Qinling Mountains (WQMs). During the study period, extreme precipitation events showed weak changes, extreme precipitation intensity increased in the southwestern QBMs, while in the eastern QBMs, extreme precipitation intensity decreased but extreme precipitation frequency increased. (3) Extreme precipitation events were the main factor affecting NDVI in the west Qinling region, while extreme temperature events were the main factor affecting NDVI in the Qinling and Daba mountain regions; the impact of extreme climate events on NDVI was not independent, and the interaction between extreme climate indices enhances the impact of a single factor on NDVI in a double-factor or nonlinear way. [Conclusion] The spatiotemporal changes in extreme climate and its influence on vegetation were clarified, which could establish scientific evidence for the protection and restoration of vegetation in the QBMs in response to global climate change.

Objective Based on the virtual simulation fatigue test technology, fatigue life analysis and reliability evaluation of the bogie arm positioning node of a certain type of vehicle are carried out to improve the vehicle stability and guarantee the train operation safety. Method ABAQUS software is used to establish a finite element model of the arm positioning node and obtain the stress and strain data. FE-SAFE software is used to set the fatigue parameters of rubber material, simulate and analyze its fatigue life. Graph test method is used to test the distribution hypothesis of pseudo-failure fatigue life and to select the optimal life distribution. The relation between the life distribution parameters and the stress level is used to fit a proper functional relation and evaluate the reliability of the arm positioning node fatigue life under normal stress level. Result & Conclusion Under normal stress level, only the rubber bushing in arm positioning node will have fatigue damage. The bottom end of the rubber bushing is the area with the lowest pseudo-failure fatigue life value, and is also the area where the damage occurs first. On-site test and fatigue simulation results verify the accuracy of the finite element model of arm positioning node. The optimal normal life distribution is determined. Under normal stress level, the number of fatigue life cycles is about 210,000 when the reliability of the arm positioning node is 0.9.

Numerous fuzzy structures have been created and studied up to this point in order to investigate objects under ambiguity. Among them, the structure of complex spherical fuzzy set is significant because it can define the four prospective aspects of an expert's viewpoint using the membership degree, non membership degree, abstinence, and rejection in a two-dimensional space. It is never easy to aggregate information, particularly when the input arguments are connected. In order to handle such situations, the goal of this study is to create the idea of the Hamy mean operator because it integrates data in ambiguous environments and takes into account the relationships between the input arguments. In this manuscript, we investigated the notion of Hamy mean and dual Hamy mean operators in the setup of complex spherical fuzzy sets and described their applications for engineering activities. We created the complex spherical fuzzy Hamy mean (CSFHM) and complex spherical fuzzy Dual Hamy mean (CSFDHM) operators and looked into the validity of each. To assess the effectiveness of the enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems using complex spherical fuzzy data, we created the multi attribute decision making technique based on the CSFHM and CSFDHM operators. The impacts of the related parameters are examined using a numerical example to assess the effectiveness of ERP systems. In comparison to conventional aggregation operators, the recommended aggregated results utilizing CSFHM and CSFDHM operators are observed to be reliable because they consider the interdependence of the input data. The suggested operators are compared in this study as well.

Given the miR-33’s mechanistic relationships with multiple etiological factors in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS), we investigated the therapeutic potentials of dual-targeted microbubbles (HA-PANBs) in foam cell-specific release of anti-miR-33 (ANM33) oligonucleotides, resulting in the early prevention of AS progression and severity. The intracellular localization, loading optimization, and therapeutic effects of HA-PANBs were examined in detail in a co-cultured cell model of phagocytosis. Compared with non-targeting nanobubbles (NBs) and single-targeted microbubbles as controls, HA-PANBs efficiently delivered the ANM33 specifically to foam cells via sustained release, exhibiting its clinical value in mediating RNA silencing. Moreover, when used at a dose of 12 µg/mL HA-PANBs per 107 cells for 48 h, a higher release rate and drug efficacy were observed. Therefore, HA-PANBs, effectively targeting early AS foam cells, may represent a novel and optimal gene therapy approach for AS management.

Ecological factors are known to influence the activity budgets of Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti). However, little is known about how activity budgets vary between age/sex classes, because the species is difficult to observe in the wild. This study provides the first detailed activity budgets subdivided by age/sex classes based on observations of the largest habituated group at Xiangguqing in Baimaxueshan Nature Reserve. This study was conducted from June 2008 to May 2009. We found that adult females spent more time feeding (44.8%) than adult males (39.5%), juveniles (39.1%), and infants (14.2%). Adult males allocated more time to miscellaneous activities (12.5%) than did adult females (3.8%). Infants were being groomed 6.9% of the time, which was the highest proportion among all age/sex classes. Adults spent more time feeding, while immature individuals allocated more time to moving and other activities. There are several reasons activity budgets may vary by age/sex class: 1) differential reproductive investment between males and females; 2) developmental differences among the age categories; 3) social relationships between members of different age/sex classes, particularly dominance. In addition, group size and adult sex ratio may also impact activity budgets. These variations in activity budgets among the different age/sex classes may become a selective pressure that shapes the development and growth pattern in this species.

Protein N-glycosylation is a common post-translational modification that plays significant roles on the structure, property, and function of glycoproteins. Due to N-glycan heterogeneity of naturally occurring glycoproteins, the functions of specific N-glycans on a particular glycoprotein are not always clear. Glycoprotein in vitro N-glycan engineering using purified recombinant enzymes is an attractive strategy to produce glycoproteins with homogeneous N-glycoforms to elucidate the specific functions of N-glycans and develop better glycoprotein therapeutics. Toward this goal, we have successfully expressed in E. coli glycoside hydrolases and glycosyltransferases from bacterial and human origins and developed a robust enzymatic platform for in vitro processing glycoprotein N-glycans from high-mannose-type to α2-6- or α2-3-disialylated biantennary complex type. The recombinant enzymes are highly efficient in step-wise or one-pot reactions. The platform can find broad applications in N-glycan engineering of therapeutic glycoproteins.

The establishment of evaluation index system of basic public service level of transportation is of great guidin g significance to improving China's comprehensive transportation development, whereas it is lacking in a complete set of practical and standardized evaluation index system for basic public services of transportation. This paper analyzes the connotations and characteristics of basic public services of transportation to determine its scope and content at present and develop the rating index system and index calculation method that cover four aspects of urban public transportation, rural passenger transportation, rural highways and universal postal service of three categories. Through analysis and comparison of the comprehensive evaluation methods of m ultiple indexes and based on the structural characteristics of the basic public service evaluation indexes of transportation, the paper combines AHP with fuzzy evaluation method to build a quantitative model of multi-index comprehensive evaluation to provide comprehensive evaluation method for basic public service evaluation of transportation. In addition, it also takes Xiji County of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region as example to evaluate the basic public service level of the transportation, and it can detect through evaluation problems and deficiencies existing in basic public services of its transportation, so as to take corresponding measures for those problems and deficiencies.