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Based on the scientific calculation of carbon emissions from energy consumption in Nanjing, this paper analyzed the driving forces of carbon emissions from 2000 to 2016 by using the stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence and technology (STIRPAT) model. The results show that from 2000 to 2016, the energy carbon emissions of Nanjing were on the rise, the urbanization rate, population, GDP per capita, and energy intensity had a significant positive impact on the growth of carbon emissions in Nanjing, China. Based on this, we presented five development scenarios to analyze the future trend of carbon emissions of the city. By contrast, the growth rate of carbon emissions from energy consumption is the slowest when the population maintains a low growth rate and the GDP per capita and technical level maintain high growth. This indicates a better urban development strategy in which industrial restructuring must be associated with talent structure adjustment to decarbonize the urban economy, and the extensive urban sprawl development approach might need to be changed.

Fluorine-containing acrylate monomer modified acrylate hybrid latex particles were synthesized by seeded emulsion polymerization with methyl methacrylate (MMA), butyl acrylate (BA), methacrylic acid (MAA), hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and trifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFMA) in the presence of three kinds of surfactant mixture conditions, respectively. The effect of different surfactant mixtures on properties of fluorinated acrylate latex and film were investigated. Chemical composition and morphology of the resultant hybrid latex particles were respectively characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The addition of a small amount fluorine-containing surfactant leads to an increase of the monomer conversion and improvement of thermal stability of the latex. The average particle size of the latex prepared in the presence of OP-10/Le-180s/CO-436/Le-003 surfactant mixture was uniform and the particle distribution was narrow; thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated the hybrid latex possessed good thermal stability, and the result also revealed the latex exhibited good dilution, refrigeration as well as Ca2+ stability.

Three kinds of commercially available epoxy acrylate reactive prepolymers with different molecular weight (MW) were used to formulate the UV-curable adhesives by addition of photo-initiator, reactive diluent, crosslinker and other additives as necessary. The MW of the said prepolymers were measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), while the structural characterization of the prepolymers before and after UV-curing was made by FTIR. Thermal stability of two kinds of UV-cured prepolymers with distinct MW and MW distribution was detected by thermogravimetric (TG) analysis.Lap shear strength of the adherents at different temperature were tested and compared with a known superior UV-curable adhesive (Loctite 3493). Adhesion strength of the adhesives at room temperature were all higher than 15 MPa which were more than the reported riveting intensity (10.3 MPa).

The electroformed copper with various microstructures are fabricated under conditions of non-agitation and ultrasonic agitation according to the demand of the electroforming micro components. The microstructure of the electroformed copper layer was observed by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The preferred orientations of the layer were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The tensile strength was evaluated with a tensile tester. It was found that the copper layer preferentially grow along the (220) plane during the electroforming process, and the ultrasound-assisted technique led to a highly preferred orientation. The effects of ultrasonic vibration increased the chance of nucleation and controlled the excessive growth of copper grains during electroforming process. The microstructure of copper electroformed under condition of ultrasonic agitation is made up of regular columnar crystals, and its tensile strength increased by 40% in comparison with that of under condition of stationary state.

Five magnesium substituted aluminophosphate molecular sieves (denoted as MgAPO-5 (a–e), AFI topology) with different magnesium contents were synthesized hydrothermally and characterized by XRD, ICP-AES, IR, and NH3-TPD techniques. The characterization data show that the isomorphous substitution of magnesium for aluminum in the pure AFI framework results in MgAPO-5 (a–e) with weak and strong acid sites and that the number of strong acid sites linearly increases with increasing magnesium content (correlation coefficient: 0.9960). n-Hexane catalytic cracking over MgAPO-5 (a–e) was investigated at low conversions (≤5%) in a microflow fixed bed reactor. Under controlled conditions, the reaction was first order in both the n-hexane concentration and the magnesium content. The analysis of the kinetic parameters and the product selectivities suggests that the cracking transformation is effected by strong Mg(II)-related acid sites rather than weak ones and predominantly undergoes the monomolecular protolytic mechanism, which is consistently explained by a proposed kinetic model.

Titanium alloys has been widely used in many fields, while in high temperature and rigorous corrosive environment, it is very necessary to do some work on the surface of titanium alloys to satisfy with application purpose. In this paper, four kinds of sol film were prepared on titanium alloys with and without anodic oxidation film. The prepared sol included Al2O3, Al2O3-ZrO2 and doped sol by adding additive into them respectively. The film thickness, high temperature oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance after high temperature oxidation for some time were investigated. The results show that the sol film obtained on the anodic oxidation film of titanium alloys is thicker than that without anodic oxidation film. Compared with the other three kinds of film, the doped Al2O3-ZrO2 sol film has the best high temperature oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance due to insulation effect of the sol film, and the composition of additive and zirconic.

In this paper, the anodic oxidation film was prepared in the 1~3mol/L NaAlO2 solution with and without silicon sol added. The film thickness, high temperature oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, and SEM image, element composition in the film were investigated. The results show that there were obvious improvement in high temperature oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance of the film on titanium alloys after adding silicon sol into the NaAlO2 solution, and with the sol percentage in the solution increased, the foregoing protection abilities of the anodic oxidation film became better, while the film thickness was little affected with the sol percentage difference. The reason was discussed and the effective factor was the silicon composition and more even and compact image in the film.

A tri-layer amorphous Ni-P alloy coating was prepared in the same bath by changing the temperatures and currents, followed by heat treament. We studied the behavior of corrosion-resistance of the tri-layer coating before and after heat-treatment at 360°C for different time in the 5% NaCl solution. The result showed that: the tri-layer amorphous Ni-P coating has the excellent performance of anti-corrosion compare with single electroless or electrodeposited Ni-P amorphous coating. The performance of anti-corrosion of the coating was improved by controlling the coating’s structure and the role of electrochemical protection. After being heat-treated at 360°C for 1 hour ,the coating’s structure changed from amorphous to crystalloid and the corrosion resistance of the heat-treated coatings was higher than as-plated tri-layer Ni-P coating.

A new method has been devised to obtain a Zn coating on the AZ91D magnesium alloy from the base electrolyte of ZnSO4 and K4P2O7 by electroplating. To improve the properties of the coating, a SnO2 sol was prepared and added in the electrolyte. The effects of the SnO2 sol addition on the morphologies, compositions and phase structures of the plated coatings were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersion spectrometry (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results reveal that the addition of SnO2 in the solution changes the polarization behavior of the electrolyte and the compositions of the plated coating. The plated coating formed in the electrolyte with an addition of SnO2 sol are more uniform and provide a better protection for the AZ91D substrate.

The feasibility was investigated to substitute chrome-free passivation treatment of electrodeposited zinc in a titanium bath for chromate passivation treatment. The formation mechanism of the chrome-free passivation film was further analyzed. The surface morphologies and the elemental compositions of the treated samples with varied immersion times were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and determined by energy dispersion spectrometry (EDS), respectively. The electrode potential of the sample surface was recorded in the film formation process. The changes of the electrode potential are in accordance with that of SEM and EDS of the sample surface. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) show the chrome-free passivation film composed of ZnO, SiO2, TiO2, Zn4Si2O7(OH)2, and SrF2. The anode zinc dissolution and the local pH value increase due to the cathode hydrogen ion reduction process result in the formation of the chrome-free passivation film. The macro-images of the chrome-free passivation films formed on electrodeposited zinc show that the color of the film changes from blue to iridescence with the increase of the immersion times.

This paper describes effects of 40 kHz ultrasound on the oxide films of stainless steel in sulphate electrolytes so as to determine the transmitted power and to characterize mass transfer and peak current density on the electrode surface. Emphasis was mainly laid on electrochemical oxidations and peeling mechanism of oxide films in sonicated sulphate solutions (0.5 and 1.0 mol/L). Polarization voltammetry, current response traces and SEM analysis were carried out in order to provide full information as to oxide films surface. Results shows that the rate of electrochemical oxidation, the shape of polarization curves and the surface micrographs in sonicated sulphate electrolytes are different from those obtained without introduction of ultrasound. It is concluded that ultrasound can change the electro-chemical behavior of oxide films by its cavitaion effects, which would produce transient mechanical impulsive force and enhance electrochemical reactions.

Objective: To study the therapeutic effect of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) for supplementing Qi, activating blood circulation and tonifying Kidney on prevention and treatment of diabetes in middle and aged women with Kidney Deficiency and bone metabolic disturbance.Methods: Clinical observation was taken in 52 patients, who were divided into two groups, the control group (treated with hypoglycemic agent alone) and the treated group (treated with hypoglycemic agent and CHM).Results: Before treatment, patients in both groups showed obviously higher blood alkaline phosphatase, β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) level, urinary β2-MG, calcium and phosphorus level, but lower serum estradiol level than those in normal subjects. After 3 months’ treatment, no apparent change in serum estradiol level was observed, but other parameters were all lowered obviously in the two groups, with the changes revealed more obviously in the treated group. The symptoms of Kidney Deficiency, such as lumbodorsal pain, fatigue, palpitation and vertigo, were improved after treatment, which was also more obviously in the treated group.Conclusion: CHM for supplementing Qi, activating blood circulation and tonifying Kidney was effective in improving Kidney Deficiency and mineral substance loss in bones in middle and aged diabetic women patients. The CHM and western drugs acted synergistically.

Objective: To examine potential methods for distinguishing between the acrosome reaction and acrosomal loss. Design: Prospective randomized study. Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Japan. Patient(s): Five healthy volunteers and 34 patients with normozoospermia who were participating in an IVF program. Intervention(s): Semen samples were collected from the volunteers before the hamster egg penetration assay and from the patients at the time of IVF. Main Outcome Measure(s): The numbers of oocytes penetrated and spermatozoa bound were determined with the hamster egg penetration assay. Acrosomal status was assessed with two-color fluorescence staining using fluorescein isothiocyanate–conjugated Pisum sativum agglutinin (FITC-PSA) and MH61 (anti-CD46 monoclonal antibody) with Texas red–conjugated antimouse immunoglobulin G antiserum. Result(s): The MH61 monoclonal antibody inhibited the penetration of human spermatozoa into hamster oocytes but did not reduce the number of spermatozoa bound to the zona-free hamster oocytes. Two-color fluorescence staining revealed four staining patterns of the acrosomal region. The percentage of PSA-negative/CD46-positive spermatozoa increased to a greater extent than that of PSA-negative/CD46-negative spermatozoa with an increase in the incubation time. Conclusion(s): Two-color fluorescence staining with FITC-PSA and the anti-CD46 monoclonal antibody may be useful for distinguishing between the acrosome reaction and acrosomal loss.

A two-year (2009-2011) field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different tillage modes, straw-returning, and their interactions on the soil total organic carbon (TOC) and labile organic carbon (LOC) components (easily oxidizable organic carbon (EOC), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), and microbial biomass carbon (MBC)) at the soil depths of 0-7, 7-14, and 14-21 cm in a farmland with rice-wheat double cropping. In all treatments of straw-returning, the TOC and LOC contents in each soil layer were significantly higher than those without straw-returning. Under plowing tillage, the MBC content in 0-7 cm soil layer was significantly higher than that under rotary tillage, but the EOC content was in adverse. Rotary tillage made the TOC content in 7 - 14 cm soil layer being significantly higher, as compared with plowing tillage. The TOC, WSOC, and MBC contents in 14-21 cm soil layer under plowing tillage were significantly higher than those under rotary tillage. Plowing tillage combined with rice and wheat straws-returning made the soil TOC content being higher than the other treatments.

Based on the 'three critical points' theory of eco-fitness, and by using dynamic weighting and fitting methods, an assessment system for the eco-fitness of county-level agricultural leading industry structure was constructed, and, taking Zhangqiu of Shandong Province, East China as a case, the eco-fitness of county-level agricultural leading industry structure was assessed and predicted. Due to the limited agro-ecological resources, the comprehensive eco-fitness index of four kinds of agricultural leading industry in Zhangqiu presented an upward trend from 2005 to 2010, but a downward trend from 2011 to 2015. The eco-fitness indices of oil crops and fruits would be negative in 2015. The applied research in Zhangqiu confirmed the validity of the assessment system constructed for the eco-fitness of county-level agriculture leading industry structure and the rationality of the prediction model.

In this study, 48 cases of middle-aged and elderly female diabetes patients were divided randomly into two groups, and treated separately by western medicine alone (glibenclamide)in group A, and by traditional Chinese medicine (herbs that replenish the Kidney and activate blood circulation) and glibenclamide in group B. Before treatment, the patients of both groups had elevated glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc) and fast blood glucose (FBG) levels, decreased serum estradiol (E2) and testosterone/estradiol (E2/T) ratio, and the loss of bone mineral (elevated urinary calcium, phosphorus levels). Most of the patients in the two groups had the symptoms of soreness and weakness of the loins and knees, general weakness/dizziness, decreased sexual libido, palpitation and frequent urination, etc. These symptoms in traditional Chinese medicine belong to the deficiency of the Kidney. After treatment in both groups, the patients’ serum HbAlc, FBG, and urinary Beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) got reduced, the concentration of serum sex hormone (E2, E2/T ratio) elevated, and the elimination of urinary calcium, phosphorus levels cut down. But, the therapeutic effect in group B is apparently better than that in group A. The symptoms of deficiency of the Kidney was apparently improved in group B. So, The authors think the medicinal herbs (reinforcing Kidney and activating blood circulation) have an important role in the prevention and treatment of the “Kidney deficiency” and bone mineral loss in middle-aged and elderly female diabetes patients.

Researchers for fluorinated acrylic copolymer latexes have long been puzzled by the relatively poor stability which due to the tremendous polarity difference between the fluorine-containing and the fluorine-free acrylic monomers. A self-cross linked fluorinated acrylic copolymer with improved stability was synthesized from methyl methacrylate (MMA), butyl acryl ate (BA), diethylene glycol diacrylate (DEGDA, cross linker) together with functional monomers, methacrylic acid (MAA), 2-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and hexafluorobutyl methacrylate (HFMA) via seed emulsion polymerization. The structure of the copolymer was characterized by FT-IR. Thermal behaviour of the resulting copolymer was investigated by DSC and TGA. The analysis results indicated that both the polymerization stability and the fluorinated co polymeric latex stability were improved when a fluorinated nonionic surfactant was added during the polymerization process. Only one glass transition temperature (Tg) was observed for the fluorinated copolymer.

Based on the organic carbon data of 222 topsoil samples taken from 38 paddy field experiment sites in South China, calculations were made on the relative annual change of topsoil organic carbon content (RAC) and carbon sequestration duration in the paddy fields in South China under five fertilization modes (inorganic nitrogen fertilization, N; inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization, NP; inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilization, NPK; organic fertilization, O; and inorganic plus organic fertilization, OF). The RAC under the fertilizations was 0-0.4 g x kg(-1) x a(-1), with an increment of 0.20 and 0.26 g x kg(-1) x a(-1) in double and triple cropping systems, respectively. The RAC was higher in treatments O and OF than in treatments N, NP, and NPK, being the highest (0.32 g x kg(-1) x a(-1)) in treatment OF. The topsoil organic carbon accumulation rate decreased with increasing time, and the carbon sequestration duration in treatments N, NP, NPK, O, and OF was about 22, 28, 38, 57, and 54 years, respectively. Inorganic plus organic fertilization was the most effective practice for soil carbon sequestration in the paddy fields in South China.

A pressure swing adsorption (PSA) process for separating CO from a COCO 2 N 2 mixture is proposed. The adsorbent used in this process is active carbon supported copper, which has been developed by this laboratory. By cycling the pressure of a bed of this adsorbent between ambient pressure and 20–30 Torr at room temperature, high purity CO can be obtained from the COCO 2 N 2 gas mixture with a high recovery. The CO product purity depends crucially on the step of CO cocurrent purge after adsorption in the cycle and the regeneration of sorbent.

The present study aimed to explore whether the stretch of ischemic myocardium could modulate the electrophysiological characteristics via mechanoelectric feedback (MEF), as well as the effect of phalloidin on the electrophysiological changes. Thirty-two Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (n=9), phalloidin group (n=7), myocardial infarction (MI) group (n=9), MI + phalloidin group (n=7). The acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was conducted by ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery for 30 min in isolated rat heart. The volume alternation of a water-filled latex balloon in the left ventricle produced the stretch of myocardium. After perfused on Langendorff, the isolated hearts were stretched for 5 s by an inflation of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mL separately and the effect of stretch was observed for 30 s, including the left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), ±dp/dt(max), monophasic action potential duration at 90% repolarization (MAPD90), and occurrence of premature ventricular beats (PVB) and ventricular tachycardia (VT). The stretch caused an increase of MAPD(90) in both control and MI rats (P0.05, P0.01). Moreover, MAPD(90) in MI group increased more significantly than that in the control group at the same degree of stretch (P0.05, P0.01). Phalloidin (1 μmol/L) had no effect on MAPD(90) in basal state. After stretch, MAPD(90) in phalloidin group slightly increased but was not significantly different from that in the control group. However, phalloidin reduced MAPD(90) in infarcted myocardium, especially when ΔV=0.3 mL (P0.05). The incidence rates of PVB and VT in MI group were higher than that in the control group (both P0.01). And there was no significant difference in the incidence rates of PVB and VT between phalloidin group and control group. Phalloidin inhibited the occurrence of PVB and VT in infarcted hearts (both P0.01). LVSP and +dp/dt(max) in MI group obviously decreased (P0.01 vs control). With application of phalloidin, LVSP slightly, but not significantly increased in infarcted hearts, while -dp/dt(max) significantly increased (P0.05). It is suggested that MI facilitates the generation and maintenance of malignant arrhythmias, while phalloidin obviously inhibits the occurrence of arrhythmias.

To study the therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese herbal medicinal preparation Tangshenqing (TSQ) combined with alprostadil in the treatment of early- and intermediate-stage diabetic nephropathy (DN).One hundred and twenty DN patients were randomized into 3 groups for different treatment protocols. The patients in the control group were given the basic treatment (low-protein diabetic diet and rigorous control of blood glucose, blood pressure, and blood fatty acid), and those in treatment group A received TSQ (containing Astragalus membranaceus, Panax notoginseng, Epimedium brevicornum, etc) in addition to the basic treatment, and those in treatment group B were treated with alprostadil injections (for 14 consecutive days) in addition to the treatment given in group A. Therapeutic effect evaluation was carried out after a 30-day treatment in all the patients.The overall efficaey rate of the treatment was 78.37% in the control group, 88.57% in the treatment group A, and 94.44% in treatment group B, suggesting better therapeutic effect in the latter two groups than in the control group (P0.05). Patients in all the 3 groups exhibited symptomatic improvement of various degrees, but the treatment group B had the best results. After the treatments, the patients' blood glucose and fatty acids were lowered, without obvious difference between the 3 groups. Compared with the control group, the patients in the two treatment groups showed significant reduction in fibrinogen, 24-h urine microprotein and urine protein after the treatment (P0.01 or 0.05).Combined use of traditional Chinese herbal medicine TSQ and alprostadil injections produces definite therapeutic effect on early- to intermediate-stage DN.

To study the effect of integrative Chinese and Western medicine (ICWM) on improvement of the islet beta cell function in treating patients with latent autoimmune diabetes mellitus in adults (LADA).Eighty-four patients of LADA were randomly divided into 3 groups (20 in A, 33 in B and 31 in C), they were treated respectively with sulfonylurea, insulin and combination of insulin and Chinese medicine. The changes before and after treatment in blood glucose, glycohemoglobin and islet beta cell function were observed.After treatment, the damaged islet beta cell function in Group A was not improved, the secrete peak value of C-peptide was still low and delayed in Group A, but in Group B and C, it shifted earlier, suggesting that a certain degree of improvement and recovery of islet beta cell function. The improving effect in Group C was better.Chinese herbal medicine had effect in lowering blood glucose and improving islet beta cell function in patients with diabetes mellitus, and showed a synergistic and enhancing action when combined use with insulin. Early treatment of insulin or combination of insulin and Chinese medicine should be applied to patients with LADA.

Three different commercial adsorbents were selected to experimentally investigate the importance of mass transfer and selectivity for the RPSA air separation process and verify the trends predicted by simulation. Results show that the performance of a single column RPSA is limited by mass transfer resistances, especially at the shorter cycle times. Mass transfer plays a role even when adsorbents with fast micropore kinetics are used, and appears even more important than capacity at high purity and low pressure, but on the other hand capacity dominates at high pressure and low enrichment.