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The helmet shell material featuring a gradient in bending is urgently required for the next-generation integrated helmet system. However, achieving a bending gradient design for orthogonal woven composites on a 3D shell surface is a significant challenge. Here, nonorthogonal woven composites at 30°, 45°, and 60° were fabricated, and their bending properties are discussed. Furthermore, their bending properties are compared to those of plain off-axis woven composites, which indicates that the bending linearity trend of nonorthogonal woven composites is evident. Notably, the bending strength of the 30° and 60° nonorthogonal woven composites is 66.9 and 67.4% higher, respectively, than that of the plain off-axis woven composites, and the bending modulus is 169.8 and 196.9% higher, respectively. Finally, a finite element analysis of the bending properties of nonorthogonal woven composites was conducted, and a stress analysis of the inner layers was also conducted. This work paves the way for designing gradient materials for helmet shells.

ObjectiveManual disinfection in large-scale sheep farm is laborious, time-consuming, and often results in incomplete coverage and inadequate disinfection. With the rapid development of the application of artificial intelligence and automation technology, the automatic navigation and spraying robot for livestock and poultry breeding, has become a research hotspot. To maintain shed hygiene and ensure sheep health, an automatic navigation and spraying robot was proposed for sheep sheds.MethodsThe automatic navigation and spraying robot was designed with a focus on three aspects: hardware, semantic segmentation model, and control algorithm. In terms of hardware, it consisted of a tracked chassis, cameras, and a collapsible spraying device. For the semantic segmentation model, enhancements were made to the lightweight semantic segmentation model ENet, including the addition of residual structures to prevent network degradation and the incorporation of a squeeze-and-excitation network (SENet) attention mechanism in the initialization module. This helped to capture global features when feature map resolution was high, addressing precision issues. The original 6-layer ENet network was reduced to 5 layers to balance the encoder and decoder. Drawing inspiration from dilated spatial pyramid pooling, a context convolution module (CCM) was introduced to improve scene understanding. A criss-cross attention (CCA) mechanism was adapted to acquire context global features of different scales without cascading, reducing information loss. This led to the development of a double attention enet (DAENet) semantic segmentation model was proposed to achieve real-time and accurate segmentation of sheep shed surfaces. Regarding control algorithms, a method was devised to address the robot's difficulty in controlling its direction at junctions. Lane recognition and lane center point identification algorithms were proposed to identify and mark navigation points during the robot's movement outside the sheep shed by simulating real roads. Two cameras were employed, and a camera switching algorithm was developed to enable seamless switching between them while also controlling the spraying device. Additionally, a novel offset and velocity calculation algorithm was proposed to control the speeds of the robot's left and right tracks, enabling control over the robot's movement, stopping, and turning.Results and DiscussionsThe DAENet model achieved a mean intersection over union (mIoU) of 0.945 3 in image segmentation tasks, meeting the required segmentation accuracy. During testing of the camera switching algorithm, it was observed that the time taken for the complete transition from camera to spraying device action does not exceed 15 seconds when road conditions changed. Testing of the center point and offset calculation algorithm revealed that, when processing multiple frames of video streams, the algorithm averages 0.04 to 0.055 per frame, achieving frame rates of 20 to 24 frames per second, meeting real-time operational requirements. In field experiments conducted in sheep farm, the robot successfully completed automatic navigation and spraying tasks in two sheds without colliding with roadside troughs. The deviation from the road and lane centerlines did not exceed 0.3 meters. Operating at a travel speed of 0.2 m/s, the liquid in the medicine tank was adequate to complete the spraying tasks for two sheds. Additionally, the time taken for the complete transition from camera to spraying device action did not exceed 15 when road conditions changed. The robot maintained an average frame rate of 22.4 frames per second during operation, meeting the experimental requirements for accurate and real-time information processing. Observation indicated that the spraying coverage rate of the robot exceeds 90%, meeting the experimental coverage requirements.ConclusionsThe proposed automatic navigation and spraying robot, based on the DAENet semantic segmentation model and center point recognition algorithm, combined with hardware design and control algorithms, achieves comprehensive disinfection within sheep sheds while ensuring safety and real-time operation.

In some low-cost industrial application scenarios, serial communication is mostly transmitted in plaintext, leaving data vulnerable to theft and issues, such as poor data reliability. To enhance data security during transmission and communication reliability, this paper proposes an encrypted serial communication system based on pseudo-random sequences. The system adopts the technologies of arbitrary series pseudo-random sequence generation, dynamic sampling window adjustment, and serial code stream scrambling to realize non-transparent data transmission via channels. At the receiving end, pseudo-random sequences are synchronized through capturing the header, allowing for serial code stream decoding and data information acquisition. Within an environment of the communication system created by using field-programmable gate array (FPGA), experiments revealed the maximum baud rate at 20 Mbit/s, which could meet the encryption requirements of m-sequences of 4~15 series, and yielded good results.

Synchronously sampling three-phase current in the traction control unit based on the control cycle is necessary to enhance control of permanent magnet synchronous motors. Simultaneously, continuous current sampling at small time intervals is essential for realtime over-current protection. This paper presents a solution based on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), which incorporates a single set of analog-to-digital converter (ADC) chips to enable both synchronous current sampling essential for controlling permanent magnet synchronous motors and fast timed sampling necessary for real-time over-current protection. This design intelligently generates ADC conversion start signals through acquiring user-configured synchronous sampling periods in real time alongside timed sampling periods, thus enabling synchronous and timed current sampling control for permanent magnet synchronous motors. Finally, experiments were conducted on an actual permanent magnet traction control platform to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

[Objective]A key challenge for the harmless treatment center of sick and dead animal is to prevent secondary environmental pollution, especially during the process of transporting the animals from cold storage to intelligent treatment facilities. In order to solve this problem and achieve the intelligent equipment process of transporting sick and dead animal from storage cold storage to harmless treatment equipment in the harmless treatment center, it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on the key technical problems of path planning and autonomous walking of transport robots.[Methods]A * algorithm is mainly adopted for the robot path planning algorithm for indoor environments, but traditional A * algorithms have some problems, such as having many inflection points, poor smoothness, long calculation time, and many traversal nodes. In order to solve these problems, a path planning method for the harmless treatment of diseased and dead animal using transport robots based on the improved A algorithm was constructed, as well as a motion control method based on fuzzy proportional integral differential (PID). The Manhattan distance method was used to replace the heuristic function of the traditional A * algorithm, improving the efficiency of calculating the distance between the starting and ending points in the path planning process. Referring to the actual location of the harmless treatment site for sick and dead animal, vector cross product calculation was performed based on the vector from the starting point to the target point and the vector from the current position to the endpoint target. Additional values were added and dynamic adjustments were implemented, thereby changing the value of the heuristic function. In order to further improve the efficiency of path planning and reduce the search for nodes in the planning process, a method of adding function weights to the heuristic function was studied based on the actual situation on site, to change the weights according to different paths. When the current location node was relatively open, the search efficiency was improved by increasing the weight. When encountering situations such as corners, the weight was reduced to improve the credibility of the path. By improving the heuristic function, a driving path from the starting point to the endpoint was quickly obtained, but the resulting path was not smooth enough. Meanwhile, during the tracking process, the robot needs to accelerate and decelerate frequently to adapt to the path, resulting in energy loss. Therefore, according to the different inflection points and control points of the path, different orders of Bessel functions were introduced to smooth the planning process for the path, in order to achieve practical application results. By analyzing the kinematics of robot, the differential motion method of the track type was clarified. On this basis, a walking control algorithm for the robot based on fuzzy PID control was studied and proposed. Based on the actual operation status of the robot, the fuzzy rule conditions were recorded into a fuzzy control rule table, achieving online identification of the characteristic parameters of the robot and adjusting the angular velocity deviation of robot. When the robot controller received a fuzzy PID control signal, the angular velocity output from the control signal was converted into a motor rotation signal, which changed the motor speed on both sides of the robot to achieve differential control and adjust the steering of the robot.[Results and Discussions]Simulation experiments were conducted using the constructed environmental map obtained, verifying the effectiveness of the path planning method for the harmless treatment of sick and dead animal using the improved A algorithm. The comparative experiments between traditional A * algorithm and improved algorithm were conducted. The experimental results showed that the average traversal nodes of the improved A * algorithm decreased from 3 067 to 1 968, and the average time of the algorithm decreased from 20.34 s to 7.26 s. Through on-site experiments, the effectiveness and reliability of the algorithm were further verified. Different colors were used to identify the planned paths, and optimization comparison experiments were conducted on large angle inflection points, U-shaped inflection points, and continuous inflection points in the paths, verifying the optimization effect of the Bessel function on path smoothness. The experimental results showed that the path optimized by the Bessel function was smoother and more suitable for the walking of robot in practical scenarios. Fuzzy PID path tracking experiment results showed that the loading truck can stay close to the original route during both straight and turning driving, demonstrating the good effect of fuzzy PID on path tracking. Further experiments were conducted on the harmless treatment center to verify the effectiveness and practical application of the improved algorithm. Based on the path planning algorithm, the driving path of robot was quickly planned, and the fuzzy PID control algorithm was combined to accurately output the angular velocity, driving the robot to move. The transport robots quickly realized the planning of the transportation path, and during the driving process, could always be close to the established path, and the deviation error was maintained within a controllable range.[Conclusions]A path planning method for the harmless treatment of sick and dead animal using an transport robots based on an improved A * algorithm combined with a fuzzy PID motion control was proposed in this study. This method could effectively shorten the path planning time, reduce traversal nodes, and improve the efficiency and smoothness of path planning.

AbstractContext Stigmasterol has significant anti-arthritis and anti-inflammatory effects, but its role in immune and inflammatory diseases is still unclear.Objective The potential advantages of stigmasterol in asthma were explored in IL-13-induced BEAS-2B cells and asthmatic mice.Materials and methods The optimal target of stigmasterol was confirmed in asthma. After detecting the cytotoxicity of stigmasterol in BEAS-2B cells, 10 μg/mL and 20 μg/mL stigmasterol were incubated with the BEAS-2B cell model for 48 h, and anti-inflammation and antioxidative stress were verified. Asthmatic mice were induced by OVA and received 100 mg/kg stigmasterol for 7 consecutive days. After 28 days, lung tissues and BAL fluid were collected for the following study. To further verify the role of NK1-R, 0.1 μM WIN62577 (NK1-R specific antagonist), and 1 μM recombinant human NK1-R protein were applied.Results NK1-R was the potential target of stigmasterol. When the concentration of stigmasterol is 20 μg/mL, the survival rate of BEAS-2B cells is about 98.4%, which is non-toxic. Stigmasterol exerted anti-inflammation and antioxidant stress in a dose-dependent manner and decreased NK1-R expression in IL-13-induced BEAS-2B. Meanwhile, in vivo assay also indicated the anti-inflammation and antioxidant stress of stigmasterol after OVA challenge. Stigmasterol inhibited inflammation infiltration and mucus hypersecretion, and NK1-R expression.Discussion and Conclusions The protective effect of stigmaterol on asthma and its underlying mechanism have been discussed in depth, providing a theoretical basis and more possibilities for its treatment of asthma.

This study is a single-arm, single-center phase IV clinical trial on a rabies vaccine that has been marketed in China. The Vero cells and CTN-1V strain are used in the rabies vaccine product. The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety, immunogenicity and immune persistence of this product. One hundred and forty-nine participants were enrolled to the study, all of whom were included in the safety analysis set (SS), among which 116 participants were included in the protocol analysis set (PPS), One hundred and fifteen participants were included in the 6-month immune persistence analysis set (IPS6) and 111 in the 12-month immune persistence analysis set IPS12. Results showed that: 1) In the SS analysis set, adverse reactions were mainly pyrexia and pain at the vaccination site, the severity of which were mostly grade 1, and concentrated in 0–3 days after vaccination. No grade 3 or above adverse events and serious adverse events (SAE) related to the experimental vaccine were observed. 2) In the PPS analysis set, the antibody positive conversion rate reached 100% at 14 days after full immunization of the pre-immunized negative population; The antibody geometric mean titer (GMT) (95% CI) was 14.82 (13.00, 16.90). 3) The positive rate of serum neutralizing antibody was 93.91 % and the GMT at 1.58 IU/ml at 6 months after full immunization. The positive rate of neutralizing antibody was 85.59 % and GMT at 1.30 IU/ml at 12 months after immunization. Our results show that the human rabies vaccine with the CTN-1V strain and Vero cells as matrix had good safety, immunogenicity and immune persistence in our study.

An important feature of Nyberg-Rueppel type digital signature algorithms is message recovery, this signature algorithm can recover the original information from the signature directly by the verifier in the verification phase after signing the message. However, this algorithm is currently vulnerable to quantum attacks and its security cannot be guaranteed. Number Theory Research Unit (NTRU) is an efficient public-key cryptosystem and is considered to be one of the best quantum-resistant encryption schemes. This paper proposes an NTRU-like message recoverable signature algorithm to meet the key agreement requirements in the post-quantum world. This algorithm, designed for the Internet of Things (IoT), constructs a secure system using the Group-Based Message Recoverable Signature Algorithm (NR-GTRU), by integrating a Group-Based NTRU-Like Public-Key Cryptosystem (GTRU) with an efficient Nyberg-Rueppel type of NTRU digital signature algorithm (NR-NTRU). This signature algorithm, resistant to quantum algorithm attacks, offers higher security at the cost of a slight efficiency reduction compared to traditional NTRU signature algorithms, and features Nyberg-Rueppel message recovery, making it well-suited for IoT applications.

Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat. produces a lot of licorice waste after water extraction, which also retains abundant total flavonoids (TFs) and licochalcone A. However, licorice residue is often wasted due to the lack of good utilization of resources in practical applications. This study first screened the optimal membrane pore size and resin type and then explored the mechanism and conditions of the adsorption of TFs on the resin. Then, different combinations and sequences of membrane and macroporous resin (MR) methods were investigated. It was found that using the membrane method for initial purification, followed by the MR method for further purification, yielded the best purification results. Next, response surface methodology was utilized to investigate the resin’s dynamic desorption conditions for TFs. Finally, the TF purity increased from 32.9% to 78.2% (2.38-fold) after purification by a combined membrane–MR process; the purity of licochalcone A increased from 11.63 mg·g−1 to 22.70 mg·g−1 (1.95-fold). This study verified the feasibility of enriching TFs and licochalcone A from licorice residue using a membrane–MR coupling method. In addition, a quality-control method was established using a fingerprinting method on the basis of ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) to ensure the stability of the enrichment process.

Abstract Background Treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilm infections in implant placement surgery is limited by the lack of antimicrobial activity of titanium (Ti) implants. There is a need to explore more effective approaches for the treatment of MRSA biofilm infections. Methods Herein, an interfacial functionalization strategy is proposed by the integration of mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA), nitric oxide (NO) release donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) onto Ti implants, denoted as Ti-PDA@SNP-OGP. The physical and chemical properties of Ti-PDA@SNP-OGP were assessed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscope, water contact angle, photothermal property and NO release behavior. The synergistic antibacterial effect and elimination of the MRSA biofilms were evaluated by 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate probe, 1-N-phenylnaphthylamine assay, adenosine triphosphate intensity, o-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactopyranoside hydrolysis activity, bicinchoninic acid leakage. Fluorescence staining, assays for alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen secretion and extracellular matrix mineralization, quantitative real‑time reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to evaluate the inflammatory response and osteogenic ability in bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs), RAW264.7 cells and their co-culture system. Giemsa staining, ELISA, micro-CT, hematoxylin and eosin, Masson’s trichrome and immunohistochemistry staining were used to evaluate the eradication of MRSA biofilms, inhibition of inflammatory response, and promotion of osseointegration of Ti-PDA@SNP-OGP in vivo. Results Ti-PDA@SNP-OGP displayed a synergistic photothermal and NO-dependent antibacterial effect against MRSA following near-infrared light irradiation, and effectively eliminated the formed MRSA biofilms by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative stress, destroying bacterial membrane integrity and causing leakage of intracellular components (P

In some existing application scenarios, industrial control platforms have expandable requirements for the data space management of chassis parallel bus. In this paper, a new chassis parallel bus technology scheme that can be flexibly configured and efficiently expanded is proposed. By separating the configuration space from the existing bus address space, the function partition of the configuration space is used to realize the functions of device plug identification, data space dynamic allocation, emergency broadcast, port data transmission, etc. At the same time, the hardware environment of multiple plug-in chassis based on parallel bus is built, and the functional test and verification of the technical scheme are carried out by using plug-ins with field programmable gate array (FPGA) devices. The test results show that all functions are normal, indicating that the parallel bus technology completely achieve the functional design goal based on FPGA. In addition, the bus scheme has completed a half-year operation assessment in the practical application scenario of special projects, and the bus runs normally, further verifying the effectiveness of the scheme.

Edge computing brings computation and storage resources to the edge of the mobile network to solve the problems of low latency and high real-time demand. However, edge computing is more vulnerable to malicious attacks due to its open and dynamic environments. In this article, we investigate security defense strategies in edge computing systems, focusing on scenarios with one attacker and multiple defenders to determine optimal defense strategies with minimal resource allocation. Firstly, we formulate the interactions between the defenders and the attackers as the mean-field Stackelberg game model, where the state and the objective functions of the defenders are coupled through the mean-field term, and are strongly influenced by the strategy of the attacker. Then, we analyze the local optimal strategies of the defenders given an arbitrary strategy of the attackers. We demonstrate the Nash equilibrium and the mean-field equilibrium for both the defenders and the attackers. Finally, simulation analysis will illustrate the dynamic evolution of the defense strategy of the defenders and the trajectory of the attackers based on the proposed Stackelberg game model.

AimsHuntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) is a neuronal protein closely associated with microtubules and might facilitate neurological function rehabilitation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of HAP1 on SCI and the underlying mechanisms.Methodsthe spinal cord injury (SCI) mouse model was induced by Allen’s method. Then recombinant-HAP1 (r-HAP1) was administrated by intrathecal injection, and the BMS, Thermal nociceptive thresholds, tactile nociceptive thresholds, and neurofibrillary regeneration were identified to inspect the therapy outcome. Then NSCs were isolated from mice on embryonic day 14.5 and induced to differentiate into neurons. The efficiency of axon growth was calculated. Signaling pathway array was conducted to examine the signaling pathways in NSCs treated with r-HAP1. Antagonists and activators of TrkA were used to confirm the role of TrkA of HAP1 intervention both in vitro and in vivo.Resultsr-HAP1 ameliorates the neurological function rehabilitation after SCI, and benefits the regain of Tuj in injury spinal cord. Also significantly enhances neurite growth during neuronal differentiation of NSCs; Signaling pathway array and Western blot revealed that r-HAP1 significantly activates the phosphorylation of TrkA-MAPK/ERK in NSCs. TrkA selective inhibitor GW441756 blocks r-HAP1 on TrkA-MAPK/ERK signaling pathway and detracts from axonal growth after neuronal differentiation. TrkA selective activator gambogic amide can mimic the function of r-HAP1 by activating the foregoing pathway. ERK activator U-46619 reverses the blocking effect of GW441756 on r-HAP1.ConclusionHAP1 activates the TrkA-MAPK signaling pathway and is conducive to neurite elongation during NSC neuronal differentiation; by which to improve the prognosis of spinal cord injury in mice.

Objective: For early-stage cervical cancer patients experiencing radical surgery, postoperative radiotherapy was recommended for patients with a combination of intermediate-risk factors. However, there was no consensus on whether to administer concurrent chemotherapy. The aim of the study was to confirm the clinical value of the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score in guiding the use of concurrent chemotherapy during postoperative radiotherapy. Methods: A total of 969 patients with FIGO stage IB-IIA cervical cancer were retrospectively analyzed. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to compare disease-free survival (DFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates between different group. A Cox proportional hazards regression test was used to conduct multivariate analyses. Results: For the patients in the high CONUT group (≥3), the addition of concurrent chemotherapy had better 5-year DFS (91.2 % vs. 72.8 %, P = 0.005) and CSS (93.8 % vs. 77.4 %, P = 0.013) than those without it. Meanwhile, the patients with concurrent chemotherapy had less rate of locoregional recurrence (8.5 % vs 16.7 %, P = 0.034) and distant metastases (11.7 % vs 30.4 %, P = 0.015). The multivariate analysis showed that concurrent chemotherapy was detected to be a factor significantly associated with DFS (P = 0.011), local control (P = 0.041), distant metastasis (P = 0.005) and CSS (P = 0.023). For the patients in low CONUT group (

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) represent one of the main components in the tumor stroma and play a key role in breast cancer progression. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has been established to mediate breast cancer metastasis by regulating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness of cancer cells. Caveolin-1 (CAV-1) is a scaffold protein of caveolae that is related to the proliferation and metabolism of cancer cells. It is now well demonstrated that CAV-1 deficiency in the tumor stroma is positively correlated with distant metastasis, but the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we explore whether CAV-1-deficient fibroblasts play an essential role in the EMT and stemness of breast cancer cells (BCCs) through TGF-β signaling. We establish a specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) to inhibit CAV-1 expression in fibroblasts and coculture them with BCCs to investigate the effect of CAV‑1-deficient fibroblasts and the tumor microenvironment on breast cancer progression. This study refreshingly points out that CAV-1 deficiency in fibroblasts enhances TGF-β1 secretion and then activates the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway of BCCs, thus promoting the metastasis and stemness of BCCs. Collectively, our findings indicate an unexpected role of CAV-1 deficiency in fibroblasts and the tumor microenvironment as a permissive factor, which is regulated by the TGF-β1 signaling pathway in BCCs.

Pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.] is the most economically important crop possessing crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis which has a higher water use efficiency by control of nocturnal opening and diurnal closure of stomata. To provide novel insights into the diel regulatory landscape in pineapple leaves, we performed genome-wide mapping of DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs) in pineapple leaves at day (2a.m.) and night (10a.m.) using a simplified DNase-seq method. As a result, totally 33340 and 28753 DHSs were found in green-tip tissue, and 29597 and 40068 were identified in white-base tissue at 2a.m. and 10a.m., respectively. We observed that majority of the pineapple genes occupied less than two DHSs with length shorter than 1 kb, and the promotor DHSs showed a proximal trend to the transcription start site (>77% promotor DHSs within 1 kb). In addition, more intergenic DHSs were identified around transcription factors or transcription co-regulators (TFs/TCs) than other functional genes, indicating complex regulatory contexts around TFs/TCs. Through combined analysis of tissue preferential DHSs and genes, we respectively found 839 and 888 coordinately changed genes in green-tip at 2a.m. and 10a.m. (AcG2 and AcG10). Furthermore, AcG2-specific, AcG10-specific and common accessible DHSs were dissected from the total photosynthetic preferential DHSs, and the regulatory networks indicated dynamic regulations with multiple cis-regulatory elements occurred to genes preferentially expressed in photosynthetic tissues. Interestingly, binding motifs of several cycling TFs were identified in the DHSs of key CAM genes, revealing a circadian regulation to CAM coordinately diurnal expression. Our results provide a chromatin regulatory landscape in pineapple leaves during the day and night. This will provide important information to assist with deciphering the circadian regulation of CAM photosynthesis.

The non-variable stiffness of the flexible hinge in the fast-steering mirror (FSM) cannot adapt to varying load demands. To address this issue, this paper presents an innovative variable-stiffness rotational mechanism designed for use with FSMs. Firstly, the working principle of the variable-stiffness mechanism is introduced, and the influence of the length of each structure on the stiffness and the nonlinear influence are analyzed. Then, the variable-stiffness mechanism is applied to the FSM for the variable-stiffness experiment and variable-load experiment. The experimental results show that the variable-stiffness mechanism designed in this paper can realize the change in stiffness. The errors between the experimental value and the theoretical value of the three sets of experiments are +5.72%, +7.57%, and +6.57%. The FSM’s stiffness nonlinearity is very small, and the resonance frequency of the FSM before and after increasing the load can be consistent. The variable-stiffness mechanism can change the frequency characteristics by changing the rotational stiffness of the FSM.

In the process of anti-interception of information, due to the weak control ability of data nodes, data is easily lost and information security is not high. An anti-interception method of optical fiber communication physical layer based on chaotic mapping is studied. The existence of the intercepted signal is determined by optical fiber signal detection and identification, and the ciphertext matrix is constructed based on the chaotic map encrypted image. The physical layer communication code is jointly transmitted to realize the information exchange between the receiver side and the transmitter side. We establish the anti-interception model of the communication physical layer to achieve the goal of anti-interception of the optical fiber communication physical layer. In the constructure of optical fiber communication network, a set of images with practical significance are selected as test samples. The proposed method and the traditional method are used for comparison. The experimental results show that the image data can be fully encrypted based on the proposed method. It has strong anti-interception performance, and the data information in the image can be retained in the image transmission, However, the traditional method loses 15 groups and 12 groups respectively, indicating that the proposed method has better performances.

The 2, 4-epibrassinolide (EBR) significantly increased plants cold tolerance. However, mechanisms of EBR in regulating cold tolerance in phosphoproteome and proteome levels have not been reported. The mechanism of EBR regulating cold response in cucumber was studied by multiple omics analysis. In this study, phosphoproteome analysis showed that cucumber responded to cold stress through multi-site serine phosphorylation, while EBR further upregulated single-site phosphorylation for most of cold-responsive phosphoproteins. Association analysis of the proteome and phosphoproteome revealed that EBR reprogrammed proteins in response to cold stress by negatively regulating protein phosphorylation and protein content, and phosphorylation negatively regulated protein content in cucumber. Further functional enrichment analysis of proteome and phosphoproteome showed that cucumber mainly upregulated phosphoproteins related to spliceosome, nucleotide binding and photosynthetic pathways in response to cold stress. However, different from the EBR regulation in omics level, hypergeometric analysis showed that EBR further upregulated 16 cold-up-responsive phosphoproteins participated photosynthetic and nucleotide binding pathways in response to cold stress, suggested their important function in cold tolerance. Analysis of cold-responsive transcription factors (TFs) by correlation between proteome and phosphoproteome showed that cucumber regulated eight class TFs may through protein phosphorylation under cold stress. Further combined with cold-related transcriptome found that cucumber phosphorylated eight class TFs, and mainly through targeting major hormone signal genes by bZIP TFs in response to cold stress, while EBR further increased these bZIP TFs (CsABI5.2 and CsABI5.5) phosphorylation level. In conclusion, the EBR mediated schematic of molecule response mechanisms in cucumber under cold stress was proposed.

Landslide disasters are one of the most severe geological hazards in China. Soil slopes are prone to triggering landslides under the influence of main factors such as rainfall, resulting in economic losses, casualties, and ecological damage. Taking a residual soil landslide in Xingguo County as an example, this study investigated the influencing factors and mechanical properties of soil slope stability under rainfall infiltration through physical model experiments. The main conclusions were as follows: with the increase in rainfall intensity, the amount of rainwater infiltration and the weight of the soil mass increased, which led to greater changes in soil pressure. The maximum amplitude of the experimental process was 5.51 kPa. The response time of pore water pressure under a rainfall intensity of 45 mm/h was 20–30 min earlier than that under a rainfall intensity of 21 mm/h, with a larger fluctuation range. The maximum amplitude of the experimental process was 6.66 kPa. Under the condition of rainfall intensity of 21 mm/h, the slope undergone local shallow sliding failure, while under the condition of rainfall intensity of 45 mm/h, the slope undergone overall shallow sliding failure. The physical model experimental results were consistent with the historical deformation of the landslide and the actual situation on site. The conclusions of the experiment can provide a reference for the research on the failure mechanism of similar landslides.

In recent years, our country’s transmission lines have often been in danger due to geological disasters such as landslides when passing through fragile geological environments, which has brought great challenges and risks to the operation and maintenance of transmission lines. In order to understand the impact of transmission line towers on tower foundation slopes under heavy rainfall conditions, the influence of towers at different locations, rainfall intensities, and slopes on slope stability was analyzed by using Geo-Studio finite element analysis software. The results show that the slope has an important influence on the selection of the reasonable position of the tower. When the tower is located at the lower part of the slope, the safety factor of the slope is the highest. The safety factor of the slope is also reduced, and eventually the slope will be unstable and destroyed; the stability coefficient of the slope in the natural state is 1.221, which is in a stable state. Slopes are prone to overall sliding, with the spoil and overburden as the sliding body and the rock–soil contact surface as the sliding surface. This result provides a scientific basis for further understanding the influence mechanism of the slope angle at the location of the tower pole on this type of landslide under rainfall conditions. Further research can use the results of this paper as a benchmark to carry out corresponding experimental analysis and verification work.

Abstract Background Bioassessment and biomonitoring of meat products are aimed at identifying and quantifying adulterants and contaminants, such as meat from unexpected sources and microbes. Several methods for determining the biological composition of mixed samples have been used, including metabarcoding, metagenomics and mitochondrial metagenomics. In this study, we aimed to develop a method based on next-generation DNA sequencing to estimate samples that might contain meat from 15 mammalian and avian species that are commonly related to meat bioassessment and biomonitoring. Results In this project, we found the meat composition from 15 species could not be identified with the metabarcoding approach because of the lack of universal primers or insufficient discrimination power. Consequently, we developed and evaluated a meat mitochondrial metagenomics (3MG) method. The 3MG method has four steps: (1) extraction of sequencing reads from mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes); (2) assembly of mitogenomes; (3) mapping of mitochondrial reads to the assembled mitogenomes; and (4) biomass estimation based on the number of uniquely mapped reads. The method was implemented in a python script called 3MG. The analysis of simulated datasets showed that the method can determine contaminant composition at a proportion of 2% and the relative error was

Recent studies have shown that the use of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) may be a promising strategy for treating spinal cord injury (SCI). This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (hUC-MSCs) with different administration routes and dosages on SCI rats. Following T10-spinal cord contusion in Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 60), three different dosages of hUC-MSCs were intrathecally injected into rats (SCI-ITH) after 24 h. Intravenous injection of hUC-MSCs (SCI-i.v.) and methylprednisolone reagent (SCI-PC) were used as positive controls (N = 10/group). A SCI control group without treatment and a sham operation group were injected with Multiple Electrolyte Injection solution. The locomotor function was assessed by Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) rating score, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), histopathology, and immunofluorescence. ELISA was conducted to further analyze the nerve injury and inflammation in the rat SCI model. Following SCI, BBB scores were significantly lower in the SCI groups compared with the sham operation group, but all the treated groups showed the recovery of hind-limb motor function, and rats receiving the high-dose intrathecal injection of hUC-MSCs (SCI-ITH-H) showed improved outcomes compared with rats in hUC-MSCs i.v. and positive control groups. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed significant edema and spinal cord lesion in the SCI groups, and significant recovery was observed in the medium and high-dose hUC-MSCs ITH groups. Histopathological staining showed that the necrotic area in spinal cord tissue was significantly reduced in the hUC-MSCs ITH-H group, and the immunofluorescence staining confirmed the neuroprotection effect of hUC-MSCs infused on SCI rats. The increase of inflammatory cytokines was repressed in hUC-MSCs ITH-H group. Our results confirmed that hUC-MSC administered via intrathecal injection has dose-dependent neuroprotection effect in SCI rats.

Background: Studies determining which patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IIIB disease benefit from prophylactic extended-field irradiation (EFRT), which can reduce para-aortic lymph node (PALN) failure rates, are limited. The study was designed to evaluate the value of the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score as a risk factor for predicting PALN recurrence and identifying potential indications of prophylactic EFRT. Methods: From 2010 to 2015, a retrospective review was conducted among patients with FIGO stage IIIB cervical cancer who were treated with definitive pelvic radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy. We analyzed para-aortic lymph node metastasis-free survival (PALNMFS) using Kaplan-Meier curves. Multivariate analyses were performed using Cox regression models. Results: A total of 116 patients with FIGO stage IIIB cervical cancer were included in the study and the median follow-up was 42.2 months (range: 3.5-104.2 months). Multivariate analysis revealed that the CONUT score (HR: 3.141; 95% CI: 2.321-5.436; P

Banded iron formation(BIF) occurs in the lower part of the Paleoproterozoic Ruker Group at Mount Ruker, southern Prince Charles Mountains in East Antarctica. Of all depositional sequence of the Ruker Group, at least 400 m is of iron-bearing formation and 30~70 m is of ore body with an average grade of total Fe about 33.5%. The formation process of the BIF may be related to metamorphic volcanic rocks and the BIF may belong to the transitional type between the Lake Superior type and the Algoma type in genetic classification. High precision aeromagnetic survey identified two major, 10-km-wide, positive aeromagnetic anomalies extending westward from Mount Ruker for 50 km in the north and 60 km in the south, respectively. Based on the aeromagnetic anomaly and high-precision magnetic anomaly data, the prediction model and the distribution range of the BIF are established. The recoverable iron ore resources are finally estimated to be more than ten billion tons.

The influence of acoustic radiation is considered in the prediction of noise attenuation effect of sound barrier, which provides a theoretical reference for further improving the insertion loss of sound barrier. Based on the theory of thin plate vibration, the vibration mode and natural frequencies of sound barrier under arbitrary boundary conditions are established by using two-dimensional beam function method, and the forced vibration response of the sound barrier is calculated based on the modal superposition method. MATLAB software (MathWorks Company, Natick, Massachusetts, USA) is used to calculate the natural frequencies and the radiated sound power level of the sound barrier, which indicated that the sound radiation caused by external excitation would significantly increase the sound pressure level at the received point, which should be considered as one of the influencing factors in the prediction of noise attenuation effect. The influence of diverse structural parameters on the radiated acoustic power is compared, providing an excellent reference for the design of sound barrier with low noise.

Abstract Background This study aims to investigate clinical significance of HMGB1 in neonatal patients with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Methods This observational study enrolled a total of 106 stage II-III NEC neonatal patients, who were admitted in our hospital from March 2014 to March 2019. In addition, 99 suspected NEC patients and 200 healthy controls were included. The serum levels of HMGB1, I-FABP, and inflammatory factors CRP, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Then, the demographic data and clinical characteristics of all patients were collected. Statistical analysis was conducted to determine the correlation between HMGB1 and the clinical characteristics. Results No significant difference was found in the basic characteristics of NEC patients and healthy controls, except for birth weight and gestational age. The expression levels of HMGB1, I-FABP, and inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly higher in NEC patients, when compared to healthy controls. The serum levels of HMGB1, I-FABP, IL-1β and IL-6 markedly increased in stage II-III NEC patients, when compared to stage I NEC patients. The Pearson’s analysis revealed a positive correlation between HMGB1 and I-FABP, HMGB1 and IL-1β, and HMGB1 and IL-6. The ROC curve revealed that both HMGB1 and I-FABP can potentially be used as diagnostic factors for NEC. The logistic multivariate regression revealed that I-FABP, IL-1β and IL-6 are independent risk factors for mortality in neonatal NEC patients. Conclusions Serum HMGB1 levels are upregulated in neonatal NEC patients, and these are correlated with the patient’s prognosis.

Visual measurement methods are extensively used in various fields, such as aerospace, biomedicine, agricultural production, and social life, owing to their advantages of high speed, high accuracy, and non-contact. However, traditional camera-based measurement systems, relying on the pinhole imaging model, face challenges in achieving three-dimensional measurements using a single camera by one shot. Moreover, traditional visual systems struggle to meet the requirements of high precision, efficiency, and compact size simultaneously. With the development of light field theory, the light field camera has garnered significant attention as a novel measurement method. Due to its special structure, the light field camera enables high-precision three-dimensional measurements with a single camera through only one shot. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of light field camera measurement technologies, including the imaging principles, calibration methods, reconstruction algorithms, and measurement applications. Additionally, we explored future research directions and the potential application prospects of the light field camera.

Introduction Ox-LDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein)-induced endothelial cell injury and dysfunction of vascular smooth muscle cells play critical roles in the development of atherosclerosis (AS). Tropomyosin 2 (TPM2) has been implicated in cardiac diseases, but its critical role and regulatory mechanism in AS progression have not yet been elucidated. Material and methods The expression of TPM2 was investigated in AS tissues. Ox-LDL was used to construct an AS in vitro model based on endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells (HAECs and VSMCs). An overexpression assay was performed to evaluate the role of TPM2 in AS. Meanwhile, the involvement of the RhoA pathway in TPM2-mediated AS progression was evaluated using narciclasine. Results Tropomyosin 2 was dramatically upregulated in both AS tissues and ox-LDL-induced HAECs. Overexpression of TPM2 attenuated ox-LDL-stimulated cell growth depression, inflammatory and adhesive responses in HAECs, as well as oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, VSMCs, impacted by TPM2-overexpressed HAECs, showed alleviated cellular processes which were abnormally activated by ox-LDL. Furthermore, depressed activation of the RhoA pathway was found in TPM2-overexpressed HAECs and activating the signaling rescued these effects of TPM2 exerted on ox-LDL-stimulated HAECs and VSMCs. Conclusions TPM2 had an advantageous impact on ox-LDL-induced AS progression in vitro by mediating the RhoA pathway. This evidence might contribute to the therapy of AS.

This paper reported a case of patient with body dysmorphic disorder in order to improve the clinical interview skills， diagnosis and treatment of clinicians in psychiatric department. The client was a 17-year-old unmarried male， came for psychological consultation because he was not satisfied with his appearance and had low self-esteem. After the changing of learning environment， the client showed excessive attention to his appearance along with low mood. The client was diagnosed with body dysmorphic disorder， and a biological-psychosocial comprehensive intervention was recommended. Sertraline combined with quetiapine was given as biotherapy to improve his mood and cognition. The psychotherapy included mindfulness-based stress reduction and cognitive behavioral therapy. These therapies helped the client learn to relax and correct cognitive biases. In terms of social resources， family members were encouraged to pay more attention to the client’s advantages， and schoolwork management on campus was strengthen. These methods promoted the development of client’s self-confidence.

Objective: It has been found that both serum homocysteine (Hcy) and serum creatinine levels were increased in hypothyroidism patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between serum Hcy and kidney function in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism or hypothyroidism. Methods: A total of 448 subjects were enrolled and divided into three groups: hypothyroidism (n = 129), subclinical hypothyroidism (n = 141), and control group (n = 168). Anthropometric information, metabolic parameters, serum Hcy and creatinine levels, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were ana lyzed. Results: Compared with healthy subjects, patients with subclinical hypothyroidism or hypothyroidism had significantly higher serum Hcy and creatinine levels and lower eGFR level (all P < 0.001). Serum Hcy was negatively correlated with eGFR in subc linical hypothyroidism patients (r = −0.220, P = 0.009), and in hypothyroidism patients (r = −0.422, P < 0.001). After adjusting for age, sex and BMI, eGFR was still significantly correlated with serum Hcy in subclinical hypothyroidism or hypothyroidism patients (both P < 0.05). Levothyroxine treatment resulted in significantly decre ased Hcy and increased eGFR in hypothyroidism patients (both P < 0.001). The decrease in Hcy was correlated with the increased eGFR after treatment ( P = 0.001). Conclusion: Serum Hcy was negatively correlated with eGFR in subclinical hypothyroidism or hypothyroidism patients. After levothyroxine treatment, a correlation was found between the decrease in serum Hcy and the increase in eGFR in hypothyroidism patients.

Marine mud deposits contain rich information on past interactions between riverine sediment fluxes and marine processes. Massive mud deposits attached to a major river from South China, the Pearl River, are distributed on the north-western shelf of the South China Sea. This study examines the evolution history using cores penetrating through Holocene strata and deciphers its response to the river system, sea-level change, monsoon variations, human activities, etc. Geochemical and sedimentological data constrained by robust radiocarbon data show the difference in the evolution of mud deposits in shallow waters and on the middle shelf. Muddy wedges in shallow waters along the coast have formed since 7 ka BP, when modern current systems were established during the middle Holocene sea-level highstand. However, wide-spread muddy deposits in the middle shelf initiated after 3 ka BP which are associated with enhanced sediment fluxes and strengthened winter monsoon. Human activities on recent millennia have play a significant role in influencing the mud deposition on the north-west shelf of the South China Sea, as evidenced by the enrichment of heavy metals in marine sediments.

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is an important economic vegetable crop worldwide that is susceptible to various common pathogens, including powdery mildew (PM), downy mildew (DM), and Fusarium wilt (FM). In cucumber breeding programs, identifying disease resistance and related molecular markers is generally a top priority. PM, DM, and FW are the major diseases of cucumber in China that cause severe yield losses and the genetic-based cucumber resistance against these diseases has been developed over the last decade. Still, the molecular mechanisms of cucumber disease resistance remain unclear. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the inheritance, molecular markers, and quantitative trait locus mapping of cucumber PM, DM, and FM resistance. In addition, several candidate genes, such as PM, DM, and FM resistance genes, with or without functional verification are reviewed. The data help to reveal the molecular mechanisms of cucumber disease resistance and provide exciting new opportunities for further resistance breeding.

The purpose of this paper is to present the diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic hypersomnia comorbidity tics disorder. The client is 15 years old， female， a senior student， with frequent blinking and a crooked mouth since childhood， diagnosed with tics disorder. She previously had consistently good academic performance. Since the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020， the client has been sleeping more， averaging 12 hours per day， accompanied by increased daytime sleep with fatigue after waking up， and a significant decline in her studies. She was diagnosed with idiopathic hypersomnia comorbidity persistent （chronic） movement or tic disorder. It was suggested that she adopt a method of comprehensive biopsychosocial intervention. Biotherapy with methylphenidate can improve her arousal， enhance attention and improve drowsiness， meanwhile， changes to tic symptoms must be monitored. Cognitive behavioral therapy was used to help the client correct cognitive biases， reshape cognitive structure， and establish confidence in rehabilitation. Mindfulness therapy was adopted to help the client adjust her emotions. In terms of social resources， the client was encouraged to explore resources actively， seek social support， and build therapeutic alliances. Through coordinating multiple resources， the client reduced symptoms of sleepiness and enhanced her adaptability to continue with her studies.

Abstract Background Low temperature severely depresses the uptake, translocation from the root to the shoot, and metabolism of nitrate and ammonium in thermophilic plants such as cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Plant growth is inhibited accordingly. However, the availability of information on the effects of low temperature on nitrogen transport remains limited. Results Using non-invasive micro-test technology, the net nitrate (NO3 −) and ammonium (NH4 +) fluxes in the root hair zone and vascular bundles of the primary root, stem, petiole, midrib, lateral vein, and shoot tip of cucumber seedlings under normal temperature (NT; 26 °C) and low temperature (LT; 8 °C) treatment were analyzed. Under LT treatment, the net NO3 − flux rate in the root hair zone and vascular bundles of cucumber seedlings decreased, whereas the net NH4 + flux rate in vascular bundles of the midrib, lateral vein, and shoot tip increased. Accordingly, the relative expression of CsNRT1.4a in the petiole and midrib was down-regulated, whereas the expression of CsAMT1.2a–1.2c in the midrib was up-regulated. The results of 15N isotope tracing showed that NO3 −-N and NH4 +-N uptake of the seedlings under LT treatment decreased significantly compared with that under NT treatment, and the concentration and proportion of both NO3 −-N and NH4 +-N distributed in the shoot decreased. Under LT treatment, the actual nitrate reductase activity (NRAact) in the root did not change significantly, whereas NRAact in the stem and petiole increased by 113.2 and 96.2%, respectively. Conclusions The higher net NH4 + flux rate in leaves and young tissues may reflect the higher NRAact in the stem and petiole, which may result in a higher proportion of NO3 − being reduced to NH4 + during the upward transportation of NO3 −. The results contribute to an improved understanding of the mechanism of changes in nitrate transportation in plants in response to low-temperature stress.

Abstract The current dogma in ophthalmology and vision research presumes the intraocular environment to be sterile. However, recent evidence of intestinal bacterial translocation into the bloodstream and many other internal organs including the eyes, found in healthy and diseased animal models, suggests that the intraocular cavity may also be inhabited by a microbial community. Here, we tested intraocular samples from over 1000 human eyes. Using quantitative PCR, negative staining transmission electron microscopy, direct culture, and high-throughput sequencing technologies, we demonstrated the presence of intraocular bacteria. The possibility that the microbiome from these low-biomass communities could be a contamination from other tissues and reagents was carefully evaluated and excluded. We also provide preliminary evidence that a disease-specific microbial signature characterized the intraocular environment of patients with age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma, suggesting that either spontaneous or pathogenic bacterial translocation may be associated with these common sight-threatening conditions. Furthermore, we revealed the presence of an intraocular microbiome in normal eyes from non-human mammals and demonstrated that this varied across species (rat, rabbit, pig, and macaque) and was established after birth. These findings represent the first-ever evidence of intraocular microbiota in humans.

Background: In mid-March 2020, the World Health Organization declared that COVID-19 was to be characterised as a pandemic. The purpose of this article is to recommend emergency management procedures for dental clinics during this public health emergency. Materials and Methods: We have implemented a series of emergency management measures to prevent cross-infection in our dental clinic during the COVID-19 pandemic, including personnel scheduling, division of the clinic into functional areas, limitation or delay of non-emergency patients, staff protection and infection controls, clinical environmental disinfection, and the use of online consultation services, among others. Results: Due to public health policy and dental emergency management, the number of dental visitors to our clinic dropped sharply, and no COVID-19 suspected cases or high-risk patients received treatment. There have been no reports of infection of dental staff or patients during dental treatment in China to date. Conclusion: These public health policies and dental emergency management measures were effective in controlling cross-infection of COVID-19 in the dental clinic. Practical Implications: We share control measures for COVID-19, and hope that they will be helpful for dental professionals worldwide to continue to provide dental care in a safe and orderly manner.

With more than 26 million confirmed cases and over two million case-fatalities worldwide, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has transformed the dynamics of human lives globally. It has been designated as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The COVID-19 virus can be transmitted through droplets, aerosols, or direct contact. It possesses evident characteristics of human-to-human transmission. Additionally, COVID-19 is a highly pathogenic new coronavirus, and people are prone to serious respiratory diseases resulting in high mortality after becoming infected. It has posed a great security threat to the entire human society and caused hundreds of billions of economic losses. The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic spread from Wuhan to all other cities in China before Spring Festival, causing serious public health issues and preventing the growth of the social economy. Analyzing the spatial-temporal spread pattern of COVID-19 can support the prevention of the epidemic. Thus, this study aims to analyze the temporal-spatial spread characteristics of COVID-19 in Hubei Province. First, a regression model with variables of migration big data (mobility scale index (MSI) and traffic intensity) is employed to explore the temporal pattern of the spread of the epidemic. Second, the spatial spread characteristics of COVID-19 are analyzed using a regression model comprising transportation information (primary and secondary road transportation networks) and social economic information (2018 GDP data). The results illustrate the following. First, the regression model based on population migration data and daily COVID-19 cases in each city was significant (Sig.=0.00), with R2 up to 0.715, indicating that the independent variable could explain the dependent variable. As indicated by the standardized coefficient results, MSI (0.85) has a greater impact on the daily new cases in each city. Second, the cumulative infection rate per 10000 people was positively correlated with the number of medical institutions and GDP with correlation coefficients of 0.689 and 0.774, respectively, Sig. was less than 0.05. However, it was not correlated with the number of beds (Sig. > 0.05). Third, the spatial regression model based on the traffic network, socio-economic data and cumulative infection rate of ten thousand people in each city of Hubei was also significant. The independent variables in the model can explain the variability of 67.2% of the dependent variables. The results of the standardized coefficient show that the GDP ratio of each city has a greater impact on the model. The results of the study are expected to provide scientific data support for the government and epidemic prevention workers to formulate efficient epidemic prevention and policy decisions. In conclusion, the model fit of multiple regression on the time scale is better than that on the spatial scale. Population migration has the greatest impact on the spread of the epidemic. That is, population mobility has a greater effect on the prevention and control of epidemic situations. The results of the study are expected to provide scientific data support for the government on formulating epidemic prevention policies.

Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is a systemic metabolic bone disease in postmenopausal women. It has been known that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a regulatory role in the progression of osteoporosis. However, the mechanism underlying the effects of exosome-derived lncRNA on regulating the occurrence and development of PMOP remains unclear. Exosomes in the serum of patients PMOP were collected and identified. RNA sequencing was performed to obtain the expression profile of exosome-derived lncRNAs in the serum of PMOP patients. RNA sequencing identified 26 differentially expressed lncRNAs from the exosomes between healthy people and PMOP patients. Among them, the expression of TCONS_00072128 was dramatically down-regulated. A co-location method was employed and searched its potential target gene caspase 8. TCONS_00072128 knockdown notably decreased the expression of caspase 8, while the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs was also reduced. Reversely, TCONS_00072128 overexpression enhanced caspase 8 expression and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Moreover, the continuous expression of caspase 8 regulated by TCONS_00072128 significantly activated inflammation pathways including NLRP3 signaling and NF-κB signaling. Simultaneously, RIPK1 which has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of a wide range of human neurodegenerative, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases, was also phosphorylated. The results of the present study suggested that exosome-derived lncRNA TCONS_00072128 could promote the progression of PMOP by regulating caspase 8. In addition, caspase 8 expression in BMSCs was possible to be a key regulator that balanced cell differentiation and inflammation activation.

Environmental quality of facilities affects the healthy growth and production of laying hens. The breeding environment of laying hens is a complex and non-linear system in which multiple environmental factors interact and restrict each other. It is difficult to make an accurate and effective evaluation on the suitability of laying hens with a single breeding environment parameter. In order to solve the above problem, an improved cuckoo search algorithm optimization neural network (CS-BP) model for the evaluation and prediction of the environmental suitability of laying hen facility was proposed in this research. In this model, the effects of environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, light intensity and ammonia concentration were comprehensively analyzed, and the problem of high prediction accuracy caused by BP neural network easily falling into local minimum value was overcome. In the experiment, the model was compared with BP neural network, genetic algorithm optimized BP neural network (GA-BP) and particle swarm optimization BP neural network (PSO-BP). The results showed that the mean absolute error (MAE), mean relative error (MAPE) and the coefficient of determination (R2) of the prediction model based on the improved CS-BP were 0.0865, 0.0159 and 0.8569, respectively. The prediction model based on the improved CS-BP had a strong generalization ability and a high testing precision, and its index performance was better than the above three comparison models. The classification accuracy of the improved CS-BP model was tested, and the result was 0.9333. The model constructed in this research can provide more comprehensive and effective scientific evaluation for the environmental quality of laying hens facility, which is of great significance to realize the optimal control of the production environment and promote the production performance of layers.