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Abstract Background There are few studies on the safety of sub-maximal exercise testing of aerobic exercise in apparently healthy Chinese populations. The purpose of this study was to explore the frequency of exercise electrocardiography (ECG) abnormalities and the corresponding exercise intensities, as well as the associated influencing factors, during a symptom-limited stepwise incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) in an apparently healthy Chinese population. Methods A cross-sectional study was done in four communities, one urban and one rural in the North (Beijing) and in the South (Hezhou, Guangxi) of China from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2018, respectively. Total of 1642 participants was recruited, 918 were eligible and completed demographic indicators, routine blood indicators, physical activity status, symptom-limited CPET and exercise ECG were included in the analysis. Results Of the exercise ECG outcomes, 10 (1.1%) were positive and occurred at exercise intensities ≥ 62.50% heart rate reserve (HRR); 44 (4.8%) were equivocal and 864 (94.1%) were normal. Individuals with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor (CVDRF) = 3–4 were 2.6 times more likely to have a equivocal and abnormal exercise ECG than those with CVDRF = 0–2. Exercise ECGs of individuals with CVDRF = 5–7 were 5.4 times more likely to be positive and abnormal than exercise ECGs of individuals with CVDRF = 0–2. Conclusions The exercise intensity of 62.5% HRR can be used as a safe upper limit for safe participation in exercise in apparently healthy Chinese population; the greater the number of CVDRFs, the greater the likelihood of cardiovascular risk during exercise.

Cold stress has an immediate impact on plant structure and function. A large number of free radicals cause oxidative stress in plants. Cold stress causes altered membrane permeability, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage. It denatures enzymes and disrupts plant metabolism. Different methods are being investigated for acclimatizing plants subjected to cold stress. Nanobiotechnology and bacterial strains are growing agricultural strategies. Nanoparticles’ (NPs) unique qualities (small size, high mobility, biocompatibility, low cost, and increased reactivity) make them ideal candidates in agriculture. NP and bacterial applications maintain plastid structure and function, enhance antioxidant activities, secondary metabolites, and hormone expression, and reduce electrolyte leakage. They increase the number and content of proteins involved in oxidation–reduction reactions, hormone pathways, stress signaling, and reactive oxygen species detoxification under cold stress conditions. Chitosan, zinc oxide, and titanium dioxide NPs can help plants with cold stress. Meanwhile, bacterial strains in the genus Bacillus and Pseudomonas have been tested for cold tolerance. These strategies also upregulate antifreeze proteins, which are essential for the storage of plant products. Nano-bio-fertilizers should be prepared for the sustainable development of plants under low temperatures.

Objective Addressing the current issues of relatively limited system choices, large engineering investment, and high proportion of underground lines, the adaptability of medium-low speed maglev lines in city (suburban) railway is analyzed, and diversified system choices are provided for city (suburban) railway development. Method The functional positioning of city (suburban) railway and the technical characteristics of medium-low speed maglev lines are introduced. Combining with the technical requirements of city (suburban) railway, a detailed comparative analysis is conducted between medium-low speed maglev lines and wheel-rail lines from aspects including line adaptability, maximum operational speed, environmental compatibility, transportation capacity adaptability, interoperability and resource sharing, comprehensive energy consumption, engineering investment. Result & Conclusion Research results show that medium-low speed maglev lines have unique advantages in adaptability, environmental compatibility, ride comfort, and engineering investment, hence highly suitable for city railway lines characterized by significant terrain variations, longer urban routes, relatively independent service areas, and moderate passenger traffic volume.

Abstract Pseudorabies virus (PRV) has evolved multiple strategies to evade host antiviral responses to benefit virus replication and establish persistent infection. Recently, tripartite motif 26 (TRIM26), a TRIM family protein, has been shown to be involved in a broad range of biological processes involved in innate immunity, especially in regulating viral infection. Herein, we found that the expression of TRIM26 was significantly induced after PRV infection. Surprisingly, the overexpression of TRIM26 promoted PRV production, while the depletion of this protein inhibited virus replication, suggesting that TRIM26 could positively regulate PRV infection. Further analysis revealed that TRIM26 negatively regulates the innate immune response by targeting the RIG-I-triggered type I interferon signalling pathway. TRIM26 was physically associated with MAVS independent of viral infection and reduced MAVS expression. Mechanistically, we found that NDP52 interacted with both TRIM26 and MAVS and that TRIM26-induced MAVS degradation was almost entirely blocked in NDP52-knockdown cells, demonstrating that TRIM26 degrades MAVS through NDP52-mediated selective autophagy. Our results reveal a novel mechanism by which PRV escapes host antiviral innate immunity and provide insights into the crosstalk among virus infection, autophagy, and the innate immune response.

Objective To investigate the improvement effect of adding heparin sodium saline at different time points on the occurrence of severe dialyzer coagulation in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients during dialysis. Methods Patients who underwent MHD treatment at the dialysis center of Xiyuan Hospital from November 2021 to November 2022 and experienced severe coagulation with dialyzers within 2 hours of treatment were included in the study. Electronic medical records were consulted to collect baseline data, data on various dialysis parameters, and relevant case records. According to the time point of adding heparin sodium, it was divided into two groups: the treatment group and the control group. Both groups were treated with 200 mL of physiological saline first, while the treatment group was treated with 1 mL of 625 U/mL (5 mg/mL) heparin sodium saline added to the dialysis machine heparin pump before re infusion of blood, and a maintenance dose of 1 mL/h was given until the dialysis was stopped 30 minutes before the end of dialysis; The control group received the same dose of heparin sodium salt solution added by the same method after re inducing blood. Compare the improvement effect of two sets of processes on severe coagulation dialyzers. Results A total of 12 MHD patients were included in this study. The treatment group consisted of 6 patients who completed 4 hours of normal dialysis treatment, while the control group consisted of 4 patients who completed normal treatment, and 2 patients who returned to the machine early due to severe coagulation in the dialyzer and vascular system. After dismounting, the coagulation level was evaluated. In the treatment group, 4 patients with no coagulation were classified as 0 level; Two patients had grade 1 coagulation on the dialyzer. In the control group, two dialyzers showed grade 3 coagulation, and there were small amounts of clots in both the arterial and venous ampulla; Three dialyzers showed grade 2 coagulation; One dialyzer showed grade 1 coagulation. There was a statistically significant difference (P＜0. 05) in the evaluation of coagulation grade between the two groups. Conclusion The method of adding heparin sodium saline before re infusion of blood can effectively alleviate the severe coagulation condition of the dialyzer, restore the function of dialyzer, and avoid blood loss, which is better than the method of adding heparin sodium saline after re infusion of blood to start extracorporeal circulation. (目的 探究不同时间点追加肝素钠盐水对维持性血液透析(MHD)患者透析中发生透析器重度凝血的改善作用。方法 纳入2021年11—至2022年11月中国中医科学院西苑医院透析中心进行MHD治疗, 在治疗开始2 h内发生透析器重度凝血的患者, 查阅电子病历收集患者基线资料、透析中各参数资料、相关病例记录。根据追加肝素钠的时间点分为治疗组和对照组两组。两组均采用先回冲200 mL生理盐水, 治疗组采用再次引血前通过透析机肝素泵追加浓度为625 U/mL(5 mg/mL)的肝素钠盐水1 mL并给予维持量1 mL/h, 直至透析结束前30min停止; 对照组采用再次引血后通过同种方法追加相同剂量肝素钠盐水。比较两组流程对重度凝血透析器的改善作用。结果 本研究共纳入12例MHD患者, 治疗组6例患者均完成4 h正常透析治疗, 对照组中4例完成正常治疗, 2例因透析器及血管路重度凝血提前回血下机。下机后凝血等级评估, 治疗组中, 4例患者无凝血为0级; 2例患者透析器1级凝血。对照组中, 2例透析器为3级凝血, 动脉壶、静脉壶均存在少量凝血块; 3例透析器为2级凝血; 1例透析器为1级凝血。凝血等级评估经比较两组存在统计学差异(P＜0. 05)。结论 于再次引血前追加肝素钠盐水的方法, 可以有效缓解透析器重度凝血的状况, 恢复透析器的功能, 避免血液丢失, 优于再次引血开始体外循环后再追加的方式。)

ObjectiveTo fully utilize and protect farmland and lay a solid foundation for the sustainable use of land, it is particularly important to obtain real-time and precise information regarding farmland area, distribution, and other factors. Leveraging remote sensing technology to obtain farmland data can meet the requirements of large-scale coverage and timeliness. However, the current research and application of deep learning methods in remote sensing for cultivated land identification still requires further improvement in terms of depth and accuracy. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential application of deep learning methods in remote sensing for identifying cultivated land in the hilly areas of Southwest China, to provide insights for enhancing agricultural land utilization and regulation, and for harmonizing the relationship between cultivated land and the economy and ecology.MethodsSantai county, Mianyang city, Sichuan province, China (30°42'34"~31°26'35"N, 104°43'04"~105°18'13"E) was selected as the study area. High-resolution imagery from two scenes captured by the Gaofen-6 (GF-6) satellite served as the primary image data source. Additionally, 30-meter resolution DEM data from the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in 2020 was utilized. A land cover data product, SinoLC-1, was also incorporated for comparative evaluation of the accuracy of various extraction methods' results. Four deep learning models, namely Unet, PSPNet, DeeplabV3+, and Unet++, were utilized for remote sensing land identification research in cultivated areas. The study also involved analyzing the identification accuracy of cultivated land in high-resolution satellite images by combining the results of the random forest (RF) algorithm along with the deep learning models. A validation dataset was constructed by randomly generating 1 000 vector validation points within the research area. Concurrently, Google Earth satellite images with a resolution of 0.3 m were used for manual visual interpretation to determine the land cover type of the pixels where the validation points are located. The identification results of each model were compared using a confusion matrix to compute five accuracy evaluation metrics: Overall accuracy (OA), intersection over union (IoU), mean intersection over union (MIoU), F1-Score, and Kappa Coefficient to assess the cultivated land identification accuracy of different models and data products.Results and DiscussionsThe deep learning models displayed significant advances in accuracy evaluation metrics, surpassing the performance of traditional machine learning approaches like RF and the latest land cover product, SinoLC-1 Landcover. Among the models assessed, the UNet++ model performed the best, its F1-Score, IoU, MIoU, OA, and Kappa coefficient values were 0.92, 85.93%, 81.93%, 90.60%, and 0.80, respectively. DeeplabV3+, UNet, and PSPNet methods followed suit. These performance metrics underscored the superior accuracy of the UNet++ model in precisely identifying and segmenting cultivated land, with a remarkable increase in accuracy of nearly 20% than machine learning methods and 50% for land cover products. Four typical areas of town, water body, forest land and contiguous cultivated land were selected to visually compare the results of cultivated land identification results. It could be observed that the deep learning models generally exhibited consistent distribution patterns with the satellite imageries, accurately delineating the boundaries of cultivated land and demonstrating overall satisfactory performance. However, due to the complex features in remote sensing images, the deep learning models still encountered certain challenges of omission and misclassification in extracting cultivated land. Among them, the UNet++ model showed the closest overall extraction results to the ground truth and exhibited advantages in terms of completeness of cultivated land extraction, discrimination between cultivated land and other land classes, and boundary extraction compared to other models. Using the UNet++ model with the highest recognition accuracy, two types of images constructed with different features—solely spectral features and spectral combined with terrain features—were utilized for cultivated land extraction. Based on the three metrics of IoU, OA, and Kappa, the model incorporating both spectral and terrain features showed improvements of 0.98%, 1.10%, and 0.01% compared to the model using only spectral features. This indicated that fusing spectral and terrain features can achieve information complementarity, further enhancing the identification effectiveness of cultivated land.ConclusionsThis study focuses on the practicality and reliability of automatic cultivated land extraction using four different deep learning models, based on high-resolution satellite imagery from the GF-6 in Santai county in China. Based on the cultivated land extraction results in Santai county and the differences in network structures among the four deep learning models, it was found that the UNet++ model, based on UNet, can effectively improve the accuracy of cultivated land extraction by introducing the mechanism of skip connections. Overall, this study demonstrates the effectiveness and practical value of deep learning methods in obtaining accurate farmland information from high-resolution remote sensing imagery.

Abstract Background The fusiform aneurysm is a nonsaccular dilatation affecting the entire vessel wall over a short distance. Although PDGFRB somatic variants have been identified in fusiform intracranial aneurysms, the molecular and cellular mechanisms driving fusiform intracranial aneurysms due to PDGFRB somatic variants remain poorly understood. Methods In this study, single-cell sequencing and immunofluorescence were employed to investigate the phenotypic changes in smooth muscle cells within fusiform intracranial aneurysms. Whole-exome sequencing revealed the presence of PDGFRB gene mutations in fusiform intracranial aneurysms. Subsequent immunoprecipitation experiments further explored the functional alterations of these mutated PDGFRB proteins. For the common c.1684 mutation site of PDGFRβ, we established mutant smooth muscle cell lines and zebrafish models. These models allowed us to simulate the effects of PDGFRB mutations. We explored the major downstream cellular pathways affected by PDGFRBY562D mutations and evaluated the potential therapeutic effects of Ruxolitinib. Results Single-cell sequencing of two fusiform intracranial aneurysms sample revealed downregulated smooth muscle cell markers and overexpression of inflammation-related markers in vascular smooth muscle cells, which was validated by immunofluorescence staining, indicating smooth muscle cell phenotype modulation is involved in fusiform aneurysm. Whole-exome sequencing was performed on seven intracranial aneurysms (six fusiform and one saccular) and PDGFRB somatic mutations were detected in four fusiform aneurysms. Laser microdissection and Sanger sequencing results indicated that the PDGFRB mutations were present in smooth muscle layer. For the c.1684 (chr5: 149505131) site mutation reported many times, further cell experiments showed that PDGFRBY562D mutations promoted inflammatory-related vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype and JAK-STAT pathway played a crucial role in the process. Notably, transfection of PDGFRBY562D in zebrafish embryos resulted in cerebral vascular anomalies. Ruxolitinib, the JAK inhibitor, could reversed the smooth muscle cells phenotype modulation in vitro and inhibit the vascular anomalies in zebrafish induced by PDGFRB mutation. Conclusion Our findings suggested that PDGFRB somatic variants played a role in regulating smooth muscle cells phenotype modulation in fusiform aneurysms and offered a potential therapeutic option for fusiform aneurysms.

AIM: To understand the current status and differences in visual acuity of children of the same age from different regions of Xi'an, and to take an effective basis for the prevention of children's myopia.METHODS: Random stratified sampling was used to select the uncorrected distance visual acuity and computed dioptric data of 41 285 children aged 6-12 from 6 towns, 10 urban and rural areas and 112 country schools screened by Xi'an Central Hospital in December 2022.RESULTS: The myopia detection rate in different regions of Xi'an is 47.16% in towns, 38.59% in urban and rural areas, and 32.29% in the country, and the total myopia rate is 37.50%. The myopia rate of 6-12 years old in towns is higher than that in urban and rural areas, and that of urban and rural areas is higher than that of country; the myopia rate of girls is higher than that of boys; myopia rate increases with age; mild myopia: the myopia rate in towns is significantly higher than that of the urban and rural areas and the country; high myopia: the myopia rate in the country is significantly higher than that of the towns and the urban and rural areas. The total rate of deficient hyperopia reserves in different regions of Xi'an is 92.08% in towns, 93.67% in urban and rural areas, and 90.92% in the country, and the total rate of deficient hyperopia reserves is 92.09%. The rate of deficient hyperopia reserves at the age of 6-12 is higher in the urban and rural areas than in the towns, and higher in the towns than in the country; the total rate of deficient hyperopia reserve is higher in girls than in boys; it is the peak period of the development of hyperopia reserve rate before the age of 8.CONCLUSION: The total myopia rate and the total vision reserve deficiency rate of 6-12 years old in different regions of Xi'an are different, and 8-9 years old is the accelerated period of myopia development, and the peak of deficient hyperopia reserve is before the age of 8 years old. With the growth of age, the myopia rate shows a certain growth trend, and the rate of deficient hyperopia reserve shows a decreasing trend after reaching the peak. The total myopia rate and insufficient acuity reserve rate of girls are higher than those of boys.

Oral plaque biofilms are one of the bases for the survival and metabolism of different bacteria. With the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria due to antibiotic abuse, the prevention and treatment of plaque biofilm-associated oral diseases are becoming increasingly difficult. Although some research progress has been made in the field of biofilm formation and destruction, there is still a lack of effective clinical therapies for plaque biofilm-associated oral diseases. Metal nanoenzymes possess the physical properties of nanoparticles and exhibit catalytic activity similar to that of natural enzymes. The nanoscale size of metal nanoenzymes provides a greater specific surface area to help reactive oxygen species spread rapidly to active catalytic sites and improve the antioxidant properties of nanoenzymes. Additionally, metal nanoenzymes are easy to produce using different methods, such as electrochemical reduction, solvent thermal synthesis and microwave-assisted synthesis. Moreover, metal nanoenzymes can produce a high concentration of hydroxyl radicals, catalyze plaque biofilm degradation, lyse glucan and inhibit biofilm formation by oxidative stress reactions, as well as kill bacteria by releasing metal ions. Thus, metal nanoenzymes are expected to become a new option for the prevention and treatment of oral plaque biofilm-associated diseases. However, metal nanoenzymes can enter organisms through oral, intravenous and respiratory routes, triggering potential toxic effects such as pulmonary toxicity, hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity. In a complex biological environment, the occurrence of metal nanoenzymes toxicity may involve multiple mechanisms, and the mechanism of action and safety need to be thoroughly investigated. In this paper, we intend to describe the research progress on metal nanoenzymes through an overview of their properties, antibacterial mechanisms, biotoxicity and applications in the prevention and treatment of oral plaque biofilm-related diseases, which may provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of these diseases.

In the context of actively promoting deep geological engineering, ultra-deep fault-controlled fractured carbonate reservoirs have become a focal point in oil and gas exploration and development. Precise interpretation of ultra-deep strike-slip faults, internal configuration modeling of fractured reservoirs, assessment of reserves sculpted by fault control, efficient well deployment, and enhanced recovery have emerged as crucial scientific challenges and technological barriers in increasing reserves and production in the ultra-deep domain. This study comprehensively constructs fracture structural analysis techniques utilizing regional stress field research, outcrop analysis, three-dimensional seismic interpretation, and physical modeling; this is based on dynamics, kinematics, and geometry, as well as different stages, grades, properties, zones, and layers. It elucidates the vertical layering and lateral segmentation characteristics of strike-slip faults, revealing geological laws governing reservoir control, storage, and hydrocarbon accumulation, ultimately leading to the discovery of billion-ton-level mega oilfields in ultra-deep fault-controlled fractured reservoirs. Based on dynamic/static data, the internal configuration of fault-controlled fractured reservoirs is finely delineated, and a quantitative characterization of reservoirs is achieved through the integration of well‒seismic data, facilitating efficient well deployment and reservoir reserve assessment. This approach has supported the discovery and realization of billion-ton-level oil and gas reserves in the rich oilfields. Leveraging the quantitative characterization of fault-controlled reservoirs, targeted strategies to improve recovery rates are proposed, driving the efficient development of 5×106-ton mega oilfields, thereby establishing a paradigm for increasing reserves and production in ultra-deep fault-controlled carbonate reservoirs. This study could serve as a reference for similar oil and gas reservoir development in China.

Aiming at high misdetection of mechanical faults under imbalanced samples, a roundtrip probability-based method is proposed. By roundtrip mapping between latent variables and real fault data, biased estimation of the probability distribution of real fault data is obtained. Further, virtual fault data are sampled according to such distribution to increase sample amount. For recognition of real and virtual data, loss function based on binary cross-entropy is designed. For reconstruction between fault data and its roundtrip mapped results, objective function based on mean square error is designed. Thus, it preserves boundary data and avoids too many virtual data in central area. Meanwhile, a strategy for eliminating abnormal samples is designed to reduce boundary deviation. For supporting the advantage of roundtrip, in-depth reasons for misdetection are analyzed from empirical risk and structural risk. Experiments on 30 benchmark imbalanced test sets show that fault detection rate increases after amount enhancement. Additionally, it is verified on blade cracking and bearing fault detection. Results show that F 1 score increases from 0.485 to 0.51 and 0.725 to 0.775 for such two cases.

Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of peri-trigger female reproductive hormones (FRHs) in the prediction of oocyte maturation in normal ovarian reserve patients during the in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) procedure. Materials and Methods A hospital database was used to extract data on IVF-ET cases from January 2020 to September 2021. The levels of female reproductive hormones, including estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone (P), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), were initially evaluated at baseline, the day of the trigger, the day after the trigger, and the day of oocyte retrieval. The relative change in E2, LH, P, FSH between time point 1 (the day of trigger and baseline) and time point 2 (the day after the trigger and day on the trigger) was defined as E2_RoV1/2, LH_RoV1/2, P_RoV1/2, and FSH_RoV1/2, respectively. Univariable and multivariable regression were performed to screen the peri-trigger FRHs for the prediction of oocyte maturation. Results A total of 118 patients were enrolled in our study. Univariable analysis revealed significant associations between E2_RoV1 and the rate of MII oocytes in the GnRH-agonist protocol group (p

Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash is a type of bulk waste. Its potential activity can be better harnessed after it is ground into a fine powder, leading to reduced carbon emissions. This paper investigates the pore structure of MSWI bottom ash micro powder concrete and its impact on mechanical properties. Standard tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of MSWI bottom ash micro powder concrete with four blending ratios under three water-binder ratios. Subsequently, a mercury intrusion test was performed to determine its internal pore structure characteristic parameters. Remaining specimens from the macroscopic test were sampled, and concrete specimens were observed using a high-power electronic environmental scanning microscope to analyze morphological characteristics at various multiples and curing ages. The results indicate that the pore structure of MSWI bottom ash micro powder concrete is uniformly distributed, displaying good fractal characteristics conducive to subsequent secondary hydration reactions. The inclusion of MSWI bottom ash micro powder increases concrete porosity, leading to a decrease in compressive strength. However, as the curing age increases, the value tends to approach that of ordinary concrete, suggesting that MSWI bottom ash micro powder exhibits potential hydraulicity, albeit with a slow hydration reaction. The observed pattern of MSWI bottom ash micro powder concrete aligns with that of ordinary concrete, wherein higher porosity corresponds to lower compressive strength. The addition of MSWI bottom ash micro powder increases concrete porosity, resulting in reduced compressive strength.

ObjectiveTo investigate the infection status， pathogenic types， antimicrobial resistance and molecular typing of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli （DEC） isolated from patients with foodborne diarrhea in Xi’an City in 2021.MethodsFecal samples from patients with diarrhea were collected from 5 sentinel hospitals for DEC isolation and the pathogenic types of DEC were confirmed via PCR to detect virulence genes. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular typing were performed using the broth microdilution method and pulsed field gel electrophoresis （PFGE）. The results were statistically analyzed using SPSS software 19.0.ResultsAmong the 389 fecal samples collected from patients with diarrhea， 40 were DEC-positive， with a positivity rate of 10.28%. A total of 41 DEC strains were identified in this study. Enterotoxigenic E. coli （ETEC） and enteroaggregative E. coli （EAEC） were predominant， accounting for 41.46% （17/41） and 39.02% （16/41） of cases， respectively. The gene types estIa/estIb （70.59%， 12/17） and astA/pic （87.50 %， 14/16） were dominant in ETEC and EAEC， respectively. Forty strains （97.56%， 40/41） were resistant to at least one antibiotic， and the resistance rates to ampicillin， tetracycline， cefotaxime， and nalidixic acid were greater than 50%. The multidrug resistance rate was 56.10% （23/41）. Cluster analysis revealed 40 PFGE patterns from the 41 DEC strains. The similarity of these patterns was 62.0%-100.0%.ConclusionThe detection rate of DEC in patients with foodborne diarrhea in Xi’an City in 2021 was relatively high， with the major pathotypes being ETEC and EAEC. The PFGE patterns of the strains were diverse. Finally， the antimicrobial and multidrug resistance of the strains was relatively severe.

Matrix completion is widely used in information science fields such as machine learning and image processing. The alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), due to its ability to utilize the separable structure of the objective function, has become an extremely popular approach for solving this problem. But its subproblems can be computationally demanding. In order to improve computational e ciency, for large scale matrix completion problems, this paper proposes an improved ADMM by using convex combination technique. Under certain assumptions, the global convergence of the new algorithm is proved. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithms via numerical experiments.

China's food industry has witnessed rapid and accelerated development in recent years, which poses higher demands on the quality of food talents. Drawing on Xi Jinping's Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, this paper argues for the necessity of constructing a multi-dimensional integration cultivation system for first-class food talents. It also points out that universities, as the main carriers of talent cultivation, should explore the methods and approaches of constructing such a system by integrating moral and intellectual education, discipline and specialty, scientific research and teaching, and industry and specialty. To cultivate talents with moral integrity through party building and ideological and political education in curriculum, to foster students' professional growth through the coordinated development of discipline and specialty and the mutual assistance of teaching and scientific research, and to enhance students' diversified development through the optimization of curriculum resource allocation. By doing so, this paper addresses the questions of "what kind of people to cultivate?" and "how to cultivate?", aiming to provide a strong talent resource support for the development of food industry.

In order to effectively eliminate the reservoir damage caused by retrograde condensation in condensate gas reservoirs， a new method for removing the plugging pore throat of condensate oil by thermochemical fluid huff and puff was proposed. For tight sandstone， carbonate， and shale reservoirs， a core oil displacement experiment of thermochemical fluid huff and puff was carried out to evaluate the feasibility of removing condensate plugging by thermochemical fluid. Based on nuclear magnetic resonance technology， the change characteristics of the micro-pore structure of the three types of reservoirs before and after huff and puff were analyzed， and the mechanism of removing retrograde condensate damage by thermochemical fluid was clarified. The experimental results show that thermochemical fluids （NH4Cl and NaNO2） can rapidly release a large amount of gas and steam under the catalysis of acetic acid， increase the core pressure and temperature， reduce the viscosity of crude oil， make the condensate change from liquid to gas， and reduce the flow resistance. The cumulative condensate recoveries of tight sandstone， carbonate， and shale cores by thermochemical fluid huff and puff are 65.7%， 73.9%， and 46.3% respectively. Among them， two rounds of huff and puff can effectively remove 55.5% and 67.6% of condensate plugging in tight sandstone and carbonate samples respectively. However， the shale core needs to extend the soak time and increase the number of huff and puff to improve the recovery of condensate. After the thermochemical fluid huff and puff， the average pore size of tight sandstone， carbonate， and shale cores increases from 0.37， 1.04， and 0.002 1 μm to 0.84， 2.04， and 0.005 8 μm respectively. The thermochemical fluid huff and puff effect is 1.85 and 1.32 times that of CH4 injection and methanol injection respectively.

ObjectiveThe content of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) in the soil directly affects crop yield, making it a crucial indicator in agricultural production processes. Insufficient levels of the two nutrients can impede crop growth and reduce yield, while excessive levels can result in environmental pollution. Rapidly quantifying the N and K content in soil is of great importance for agricultural production and environmental protection.MethodsA rapid and quantitative method was proposed for detecting N and K nutrient ions in soil based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic chip electrophoresis and capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D). Microfluidic chip electrophoresis enables rapid separation of multiple ions in soil. The electrophoresis microfluidic chips have a cross-shaped channel layout and were fabricated using soft lithography technology. The sample was introduced into the microfluidic chip by applying the appropriate injection voltage at both ends of the injection channel. This simple and efficient procedure ensured an accurate sample introduction. Subsequently, an electrophoretic voltage was applied at both ends of the separation channel, creating a capillary zone electrophoresis that enables the rapid separation of different ions. This process offered high separation efficiency, required a short processing time, and had a small sample volume requirement. This enabled the rapid processing and analysis of many samples. C4D enabled precise measurement of changes in conductivity. The sensing electrodes were separated from the microfluidic chips and printed onto a printed circuit board (PCB) using an immersion gold process. The ions separated under the action of an electric field and sequentially reach the sensing electrodes. The detection circuit, connected to the sensing electrodes, received and regulated the conductivity signal to reflect the variance in conductivity between the sample and the buffer solution. The sensing electrodes were isolated from the sample solution to prevent interference from the high-voltage electric field used for electrophoresis.Results and DiscussionsThe voltage used for electrophoresis, as well as the operating frequency and excitation voltage of the excitation signal in the detection system, had a significant effect on separation and detection performance. Based on the response characteristics of the system output, the optimal operating frequency of 1 000 kHz, excitation voltage of 50 V, and electrophoresis voltage of 1.5 kV were determined. A peak overshoot was observed in the electrophoresis spectrum, which was associated with the operating frequency of the system. The total noise level of the system was approximately 0.091 mV. The detection limit (S/N = 3) for soil nutrient ions was determined by analyzing a series of standard sample solutions with varying concentrations. The detection limited for potassium (K+), ammonium (NH4+), and nitrate (NO3‒) standard solutions were 0.5, 0.1 and 0.4 mg/L, respectively. For the quantitative determination of soil nutrient ion concentration, the linear relationship between peak area and corresponding concentration was investigated under optimal experimental conditions. K+, NH4+, and NO3‒ exhibit a strong linear relationship in the range of 0.5~40 mg/L, with linear correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.994, 0.997, and 0.990, respectively, indicating that this method could accurately quantify N and K ions in soil. At the same time, to evaluate the repeatability of the system, peak height, peak area, and peak time were used as evaluation indicators in repeatability experiments. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 4.4%, indicating that the method shows good repeatability. In addition, to assess the ability of the C4D microfluidic system to detect actual soil samples, four collected soil samples were tested using MES/His and PVP/PTAE as running buffers. K+, NH4+,Na+, Chloride (Cl‒), NO3‒, and sulfate (SO43‒) were separated sequentially within 1 min. The detection efficiency was significantly improved. To evaluate the accuracy of this method, spiked recovery experiments were performed on four soil samples. The recovery rates ranged from 81.74% to 127.76%, indicating the good accuracy of the method.ConclusionsThis study provides a simple and effective method for the rapid detection of N and K nutrient ions in soil. The method is highly accurate and reliable, and it can quickly and efficiently detect the contents of N and K nutrient ions in soil. This contactless measurement method reduced costs and improved economic efficiency while extending the service life of the sensing electrodes and reducing the frequency of maintenance and replacement. It provided strong support for long-term, continuous conductivity monitoring.

ObjectiveCapacitive coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D) plays an important role in agricultural soil nutrient ion detection. Effective identification of characteristic ion peaks in C4D signals is conducive to subsequent qualitative and quantitative analysis of characteristic ion peaks, which provides a basis for improving agricultural soil nutrient management. However, the detection of characteristic peaks in C4D signals still has shortcomings, such as the inability of automatic and accurate identification, complicated manual operation, and low efficiency.MethodsIn this study, an automatic spectral peak identification algorithm based on continuous wavelet transform combined with particle swarm optimization (PSO) and maximum interclass variance method (Otsu) was proposed to achieve accurate, efficient and automated identification of C4D signal peaks. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) combined with a C4D device (CE-C4D) was used to detect the standard ions and soil sample solutions to obtain the C4D ion signal spectra, which were simulated according to the characteristics of the real C4D signal spectra to obtain the C4D simulated signals containing single Gaussian peaks and multi-Gaussian peaks. The continuous wavelet transform was performed on the C4D spectrogram signal to obtain the wavelet transform coefficient matrix. The local maxima and local minima of the continuous wavelet transform coefficient matrix were searched by the staircase scanning method, and the local maxima and local minima were connected to form ridges and valleys. The wavelet coefficient matrix was converted to a gray-scale image by logistic mapping to visualize the data. The number of particle populations in PSO was set to 15, the gray scale threshold of 15 particles was set to a random integer within the gray scale level of 0~255, and the initial velocity of the particles was set to 5. The combination of PSO and Otsu calculated the fitness (variance value) of each particle, updated the individual best position and the global best position, further updated the velocities and positions of the particles to find the global best position (the maximum interclass variance), and defined the maximum interclass variance was defined as the optimal threshold value, used the optimal threshold value for background and target segmentation of the gray-scale image and extracted the ridges within the peak region segmented from the gray-scale image by the PSO-Otsu algorithm. A threshold was set according to the length of the ridge line; the ridge lines larger than the threshold were extracted; the valley lines on both sides of the ridge line were found according to the filtered ridge line; and the start and end points of the peak region were obtained from the valley lines. The filtered ridge lines were used to identify the peak location of the peak region, and the edge threshold was set to remove the false peaks due to continuous wavelet transform (CWT) located in the edge region of the C4D signal and to accurately identify the location of the true peak value.Results and DiscussionsThe datasets containing 41, 61 and 102 peaks were tested, and the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and metric values were used as a guideline to evaluate the performance of the peak detection algorithms. Compared to the two methods, multi scale peak detection (MSPD) and CWT-based image segmentation (CWT-IS), the CWT combined with Particle Swarm Optimization based maximum spectral peaks automatic identification algorithm based on Continuous Wavelet Transform combined with Particle Swarm Optimization of Otsu to segment image (CWTSPSO) method of interclass variance segmentation (CWT-IS), the ROC curves of the three groups remained above 0.9. Testing the dataset containing 102 peaks, the ROC curves of MSPD and CWT-IS were also high only in the case of high false discovery rate. The highest metric values of CWTSPSO were 0.976, 0.915, and 0.969, respectively, and the highest metric values of 1 set of MSPD and CWT-IS were 0.754 and 0.505. The results showed that the ROC curves of CWTSPSO in the 3 sets of dataset were not high. Using ROC curves and metric values as a criterion comparison to evaluate the performance of peak detection algorithms, the characteristic peak recognition performance was outstanding, which could achieve a higher correct rate while maintaining a lower false discovery rate, effectively detected more weak and overlapping peaks while detecting fewer false peaks, which was conducive to the enhancement of the spectral peak recognition rate and accuracy of the C4D signals.ConclusionsThis study provided a fast and accurate method for the identification of characteristic peaks in the spectrograms of ion signals detected by contactless conductivity, CWTSPSO could accurately identify the weak and overlapping peaks in the spectrograms of ion signals detected by contactless conductivity. The automatic identification algorithm of the spectrogram peaks of CWTSPSO would provide powerful support for the characterization and quantification of the signals of nutrient ions detected by contactless conductivity in agricultural soils and would further strengthen the precision of soil fertilization and crop growth management fertilization and crop growth management.

Psychological issues are of significant concern in present-day society, as poor mental well-being results in depression and suicidal behavior. Understanding the current situation of psychological stress among secondary school students will help policy makers to formulate targeted measures to help them cope with stress, and at the same time evaluate the effectiveness of the existing policies to address the shortcomings and enhance the diversification of interventions. The main purpose of this review was to map the existing evidence on the prevalence and levels of psychological stress among adolescents in China, and to identify the associated risk factors. This review strictly adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A comprehensive search was performed spanning Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases. Studies involving only humans and full text in English were selected. Selection was limited to samples from mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan. Variables were extracted, exploring the factors that affected the mental wellness of Chinese middle school students. A final 15 articles and 1 report were included. The findings revealed psychological stress is prevalent among Chinese middle school population, with the degree of prevalence from low to severe stress levels. Three dimensions of psychological stress affecting Chinese secondary school students: school, family and lifestyle. Within the school, the factors included academic stress, peer relationships etc. Family-related factors were comprised of parent-child relationship, parents’ mental health status etc. Lastly, lifestyle-related factors included poor diet, sedentary and inactivity etc. Our findings suggest that policy makers should reduce the excessive emphasis on examination results and focus on the all-round development of students, and that schools should organize a variety of extra-curricular activities to reduce students’ stress. Parents should create a harmonious family atmosphere to minimize conflicts and maintain close communication with teachers.Systematic Review RegistrationOSF; https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/HEFCP.

Abstract Background The growing escalation of soil salinization is tremendously threatening the global food security and the development of sustainable agriculture. To address the worldwide predicament caused by salt stress toward crops, combining nanotechnology with the merits of plant hormone may become an efficient and effective approach. Results In this work, a sustained release agent system (BR@MSN) was developed by loading brassinolide (BR) to mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) to enhance the salt stress resistance of cucumber seeds and seedlings. The obtained BR@MSN agent was about 120 nm. As an endogenous plant hormone, promotion in crop growth was found at low BR concentration. Due to the sustained release property, BR@MSN avoided excessive BR exposure to seeds and seedlings to cause inhibitory effects. After the soil application of BR@MSN, the promotion effect from BR combined with the regulation enhancement from MSN nanocarrier improved the seed germination rate by 11.76% under saline environment. Compared with the same BR concentration (2.0 mg/L), BR@MSN increased the seed germination rate even by 1324.29%. In addition, remarkable wettability on foliar surfaces was found, and the foliar application of BR@MSN significantly enhanced the salt stress resistance of cucumber seedlings by alleviating the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increasing the cell viability along with the improvement in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (234.11%), the decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) content (61.30%), and the increase in chlorophyll content (110.88%). Conclusions The newly developed BR@MSN agents could effectively enhance the salt stress resistance of crop seeds and seedlings, and their applications significantly improved the seed germination rate and seedling growth. The remarkable efficacy makes this BR@MSN agent system potential in agricultural field for enhancing the salt stress resistance of crops and facilitating the development of sustainable agriculture. Graphical Abstract

The logs of network devices, network security devices, and business application systems are an important data resource for troubleshooting equipment and system failures in network operations and maintenance. However, a large amount of log data is stored in different devices in a decentralized manner, which makes it difficult to view and use, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of quickly identifying, locating, and solving problems in network operation and maintenance. Therefore, in order to improve the network operation and maintenance capabilities of business personnel, it is necessary to build a unified log collection, storage, and processing system. This article introduces a log system built with ELK open source components, which has been applied in the earthquake industry network to achieve real-time collection, storage, processing, and display of logs from business systems, security devices, and network devices in the seismological industry network. The implementation details are elaborated in detail, providing a typical demonstration for the promotion and application of this architecture.

In recent years, significant advancements in molecular biology have paved the way for novel targeted therapeutic strategies for gastric cancer treatment. Claudin18, which is an important structural protein involved in tight junctions between cells, and its subtype Claudin18.2 (CLDN18.2), which is specifically expressed in differentiated gastric epithelial cells, have emerged as novel therapeutic targets for patients with gastric cancer. This article aims to systematically review the latest developments in CLDN18.2 research in the fields of basic and clinical gastric cancer studies to provide a reference for clinical practice.

In order to improve the utilization value of recycled materials, the study considers recycled materials such as polyester/nylon/spandex as raw materials. Using polyester/polyamide/spandex as raw materials, the recycled polyester/polyamide/spandex mixed materials were first pretreated to obtain the pretreated mixed materials. Then, the pretreated mixed materials were evenly mixed with hydrogenated petroleum resin. The composite materials were prepared through extrusion and injection molding. By comparing the mechanical properties, the effects of different hydrogenated petroleum resins and their additives on the tensile strength, bending strength, impact strength, elongation at break, and bending modulus of the composites were investigated. And the microstructure of the fracture surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that: (a) when the addition amount of hydrogenated C5 petroleum resin was 4.5%, the maximum impact strength and fracture elongation were 18.03 kJ/m2 and 15.92%, respectively. (b) The maximum tensile strength, bending strength, and bending modulus could reach 22.9, 38.72, and 2217.9 MPa, when the addition amount of hydrogenated C9 petroleum resin was 4.5, 29.5, and 39.5%, respectively.

The untranslated regions (UTRs) within plant mRNAs play crucial roles in regulating gene expression and the functionality of post-translationally modified proteins by various mechanisms. These regions are vital for plants’ ability to sense to multiple developmental and environmental stimuli. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide analysis of UTRs and UTR-containing genes in maize (Zea mays). Using the ZmLAZ1 family as a case study, we demonstrated that the length of 5′ UTRs could influence gene expression levels by employing GUS reporter gene assays. Although maize and arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), as well as rice (Oryza sativa), have distinct functional categories of UTR-containing genes, we observed a similar lengthwise distribution of UTRs and a recurring appearance of certain gene ontology (GO) terms between maize and rice. These suggest a potentially conserved mechanism within the Poaceae species. Furthermore, the analysis of cis-acting elements in these 5′ UTRs of the ZmLAZ1 gene family further supports the hypothesis that UTRs confer functional specificity to genes in a length-dependent manner. Our findings offer novel insights into the role of UTRs in maize, contributing to the broader understanding of gene expression regulation in plants.

In response to the growing worldwide demand for enhanced agricultural output and sustainable farming practices, nanopesticides have become a significant area of investigation in agricultural research. Importantly, the fate, distribution, and efficacy of any nanopesticide is linked to the interfacial attributes and dynamic interactions between the outer surfaces – cuticle – of plants and insects. This review starts with an outline of the diverse pathways facilitating the accumulation of nanopesticides on plant cuticles, including their eventual transfer to the cuticles of insect pests. Subsequently, a comprehensive overview is provided of the micro- and nano-scale morphological features characteristic of plant and insect cuticles, along with the implications these features hold for their interactions with various nanopesticides. The review then focuses on interactions between nanopesticides and insect cuticles mediated through the plant cuticle. Finally, nanoscale mechanistic processes are discussed, with an emphasis on aspects such as wetting dynamics, critical length scales (e.g., inter-crystal spacing of waxes and surface wavelengths), and interdigitation and molecular adhesion processes of long-chain and macromolecular nanocarriers. Collectively, the review elucidates the essential interfacial processes governing the transfer and adhesion of nanopesticides between entities. The concluding section provides an overview of the prevailing challenges and potential avenues for understanding the transport and deposition mechanisms of nanopesticides to plants and insects.

Myocardial infarction (MI) imposes a huge medical and economic burden on society, and cardiac repair after MI involves a complex series of processes. Understanding the key mechanisms (such as apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation, and fibrosis) will facilitate further drug development and patient treatment. Presently, a substantial body of evidence suggests that the regulation of epigenetic processes contributes to cardiac repair following MI, with DNA methylation being among the notable epigenetic factors involved. This article will review the research on the mechanism of DNA methylation regulation after MI to provide some insights for future research and development of related drugs.

With the increasing penetration of distributed power sources, the stochastic and fluctuating nature of distributed power sources poses a great challenge to the reactive power optimization of the distribution network system. In this study, a dynamic reactive power optimization model with two-stage robust optimization is established, proposing whether the energy storage is charged or discharged. The number of groups of group-switching capacitors is taken as the variables in the first stage. The power of the energy storage charging and discharging and the amount of static reactive power compensator compensation are placed in the second stage. The control strategy in the first stage ensures that the control strategy in the second stage can maintain the safe and stable operation of the distribution network under the worst scenarios. The grid-storage joint optimization technology based on distributed architecture establishes an optimization planning model for the distribution network energy storage system with the goal of optimal technical and economic performance of the transmission and distribution network and considering the constraints of safe and stable operation of the transmission and distribution network, respectively. The PG&E-69 node system arithmetic example is used to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed model and algorithm. The results of the arithmetic example show that the strategy obtained based on the robust optimization model can achieve voltage magnitude stability within the safety range of 1.0-1.05 p.u. in the simulation scenario that has the best economy. At the same time, the mismatches of each distribution system under cooperative planning are all 0, which indicates that the proposed optimization strategy can fully cooperate with the resources of transmission and distribution networks, promote the safe consumption of clean energy, effectively improve the economy of transmission and distribution networks, and achieve the goal of “mutual benefit and win-win”.

This study examines the effectiveness of Genetic Neural Networks (GNN) in face recognition, particularly in optimizing parallel algorithms to overcome the challenges posed by complex data. We have significantly improved recognition accuracy and computational efficiency by employing an adaptive genetic algorithm that fine-tunes neural network weights through Selection, crossover, and mutation. Our approach was tested across diverse datasets, covering variations in posture, age, ethnicity, and lighting conditions. The results demonstrate outstanding recognition rates: 99.82% on LFW, 97.94% on AgeDB-30, 95.11% on CFP-FP, 95.87% on CALFW, and 89.44% on CPLFW, showcasing exceptional robustness against complex lighting and occlusions. Additionally, our algorithm maintains balanced accuracy across different ethnicities with an overall recognition rate of 96.77% and boasts a substantial reduction in processing time to an average of 4.15 seconds. These advancements underscore the potential and practicality of our method in enhancing face recognition technology.

Aiming at the current challenges of enormous scale, complex structure, difficult control and frequent accidents of city gas high-pressure pipeline network, there are still three aspects of difficulties in the risk monitoring and control of China’s city gas high-pressure pipeline network, namely, rough data, shallow assessment, and lack of power. This paper proposes an intelligent management system for gas pipelines based on C/S model and J2EE enterprise-level framework, in which the failure warning models of gas leakage, Gaussian plume diffusion, and fire and explosion are established. And the Kalman filter algorithm improved by DS evidence theory is used for intelligent fusion of Multi-source data, analyzing and screening the unified adequate information on data types, extracting state characteristics, classifying warning levels, and developing an integrated and visualized pipeline remote diagnosis and warning platform. In the simulation of the intelligent management system of gas pipeline, when the wind speed is 1.5m/s in winter, the ground surface is a safe area within 12.15m of the gas pipeline. When the maximum wind speed is 10m/s, the upper limit distance of the gas leading to fire and explosion is only 2.43m, and the hazardous range of the gas pipeline jet fire is within 12.69m. Relying on the gas high-pressure pipeline network in L city for practical experiments and applications, it provides technical support and decision-making basis for the construction of intelligent pipeline network, comprehensively improves the risk control capability of city gas high-pressure pipeline network, and has reference significance for the risk control of national city gas high-pressure pipeline network.

As an emerging type of large commercial building, commercial complexes play an increasingly important role in contemporary urban development and construction trends. In order to better study the organization of public space relations in commercial complex buildings, this paper selects eight commercial complexes as sample cases to analyze their spatial design in terms of both content public space and external public space based on big data technology. Regarding the design of the commercial complexes’ internal public space movement, the highest accessibility degree reached 95.3%, while the average was 82.5%. Regarding visibility, the highest level was 96.0%, and the average was 83.3%. For large complexes, better spatial relationships can be designed to improve the circulation degree and thus enhance customers’ consumption experience. Regarding the convenience of traffic connection to the external space of commercial complexes, an average of 41.4% of customers consider it very convenient, 23.1% consider it relatively convenient, 27.9% consider it somewhat inconvenient, and 18.0% consider it very inconvenient. Commercial complexes can effectively attract more repeat customers if they can improve the convenient design of transportation connections. The study of public relations of commercial complexes based on big data helps to discover the defects of their public space design and plays a significant role in optimizing spatial design and relationship organization and strengthening their integrated functions.

This paper first investigates the statistical analysis algorithms of the relationship between teachers’ English proficiency and students’ English achievement, including multiple linear, quantile, and panel regression models. In the empirical analysis section, the relative relationships between various English proficiencies of teachers and their teaching abilities were explored by examining the relationships between English proficiencies of college teachers and their teaching abilities. Then, the association between college teachers’ English proficiency and students’ English achievement was explored through correlation and regression analyses, and covariance diagnostics were conducted to ensure the reliability of the results. The results showed that teachers’ English proficiency explained 27.5% of the variance in English achievement, where the coefficient β was 0.522. Demonstrating that teachers' English proficiency had a significant positive impact on English achievement.

C38H62N6Zn2, triclinic, P1‾$P\overline{1}$ (no. 2), a = 9.5907(4) Å, b = 10.6743(4) Å, c = 11.2593(4) Å, α = 107.6980(10)∘$107.6980{(10)}^{\circ }$, β = 113.5840(10)∘$113.5840{(10)}^{\circ }$, γ = 97.2290(10)∘$97.2290{(10)}^{\circ }$, V = 965.12(6) Å3, Z = 1, Rgt(F) = 0.0232, wRref(F2) = 0.0577, T = 200(2) K.

Distribution network planning is an important task in the process of power grid construction and development. Scientific and rational planning is the key factor for the economic construction and reliable operation of the power grid. Aiming at the difficulty in quantifying the weight of distribution network planning schemes, a comprehensive evaluation method of distribution network planning schemes based on the interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy analytic hierarchy process method is proposed. First, a comprehensive evaluation index system is established from the four aspects of power supply, namely reliability, economy, power supply quality and safety of the distribution network. Then, a comprehensive evaluation method of electricity reliability optimised by entropy weight method is adopted by analytic hierarchy process, which considers both subjective situation and objective weighting. At the same time, the comprehensive weight of the aggregation of the criterion layer and the scheme layer is calculated. Finally, the link between the aggregation matrix and the index weights of the criterion layer is used to calculate the weights of the scheme layer so that they can be sorted out. The experimental results show that the effectiveness and feasibility of the planning and analysis indicators and evaluation methods of the method proposed in this paper are verified by a numerical example.

Abstract Background Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo (D. officinale) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine with high content polysaccharides in stems. The SWEET (Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters) family is a novel class of sugar transporters mediating sugar translocation among adjacent cells of plants. The expression patterns of SWEETs and whether they are associated with stress response in D. officinale remains uncovered. Results Here, 25 SWEET genes were screened out from D. officinale genome, most of which typically contained seven transmembrane domains (TMs) and harbored two conserved MtN3/saliva domains. Using multi-omics data and bioinformatic approaches, the evolutionary relationship, conserved motifs, chromosomal location, expression patterns, correlationship and interaction network were further analyzed. DoSWEETs were intensively located in nine chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that DoSWEETs were divided into four clades, and conserved motif 3 specifically existed in DoSWEETs from clade II. Different tissue-specific expression patterns of DoSWEETs suggested the division of their roles in sugar transport. In particular, DoSWEET5b, 5c, and 7d displayed relatively high expression levels in stems. DoSWEET2b and 16 were significantly regulated under cold, drought, and MeJA treatment, which were further verified using RT-qPCR. Correlation analysis and interaction network prediction discovered the internal relationship of DoSWEET family. Conclusions Taken together, the identification and analysis of the 25 DoSWEETs in this study provide basic information for further functional verification in D. officinale.

Machine learning is an important aspect of modern computer technology, and the support vector machine method has been widely used in all walks of life because of its good performance in recent years. The performance of support vector machine can be measured by VC (Vapnik-Chervonenkis) dimension, which is an index to measure the complexity of the machine. In theory, low VC dimension can be well generalized. However, for some classifier methods based on traditional support vector machine, the upper bound of VC dimension of support vector machine may be infinite when dealing with a variety of data. Although good results have been obtained in practice and application, it can not guarantee good generalization, resulting in poor results for some special data. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved LSSVM (least squares support vector machines) algorithm. Based on LSSVM algorithm, this paper minimizes the upper bound of VC dimension and finds the desired best projection scheme. Finally, this paper brings it into LSSVM algorithm to classify the data. Experimental results show that the error rate of the classifier is lower than that of the traditional least squares support vector machine on the benchmark dataset, which means that the proposed algorithm makes the test accuracy better than the comparison algorithm with the approximate number of support vectors, and improves the generalization ability of the algorithm.

Crop yields remain significantly low in underdeveloped countries, such as Pakistan, primarily due to the prevalent use of traditional farming methods by most farmers. Resource-saving strategies, like ridge and raised flat bed systems, could boost water use efficiency and production per acre. However, further research is needed to investigate the effectiveness of these methods, along with different levels of soil moisture depletion (SMD), on wheat development in the climatic conditions of Sindh Province. Thus, field trials were undertaken at Sindh Agriculture University’s Tandojam for two years (2022 and 2023) during the wheat growing seasons. The experiment included six treatments, viz., T1 (raised flat bed method under 40% depletion), T2 (ridge method under 40% depletion), T3 (raised flat bed method under 50% depletion), T4 (ridge method under 50% depletion), T5 (raised flat bed method under 60% depletion), and T6 (ridge method under 60% depletion). The bed planter was employed to make raised flat beds, and the ridges were prepared using a ridge planter. Wheat variety (TJ-83) was sown. Under all treatments, the plant population, plant height, and seed index were statistically significant (p < 0.05), although spike length, grain spikes−1, and grain weight spikes−1 were non-significant at different SMD levels. To compute water saving through the ridge and raised flat methods, the recommended delta value for wheat crops under the traditional method was used as a benchmark. Both irrigation technologies conserve water compared to traditional irrigation methods. The T5 treatment conserved the most water, followed by T6. Under a 60% depletion level, the ridge approach produced the highest yield of 2175 kg ha−1, compared to 601 kg ha−1 with the raised flat bed method. The best crop water productivity (CWP) of 1.34 kg m−3 was achieved under T6, whereas raised flat beds attained the lowest CWP of 0.27 kg m−3 under T1. In terms of wheat grain production and CWP, the ridge furrow method outperformed the raised flat bed furrow method. Based on the results, it is recommended that farmers should use the ridge furrow method and allow a 60% depletion of soil moisture to obtain a high yield of wheat crops.

An irrigation quality assessment for rural Hyderabad was made by determining the pH, EC, TDS and TH beside major cations and anions. This study employed various parameters to determine the suitability of groundwater for irrigation and its hydrochemistry. Permissible limits of major cations and anions revealed that approximately 26% of samples exceeded acceptable levels for Electrical Conductivity (EC), 87% for Ca2+, 89% for Mg2+, and 60% for Na+, while none exceeded the limits for K+. Conversely, 47% of samples for HCO3−, 91% for Cl−, and 100% for SO42−, NO3−, and CO32− proved suitability for irrigation. Notably, irrigation indices highlighted favorable results, with 100% conformity for SAR, SSP, RSP, and PI values, and substantial percentages of 78% and 85% for MH and KR values, respectively, affirming their suitability for irrigation practices. Employing the USSL diagram, 22%, 65%, and 11% of samples fall into the C2S1, C3S1, and C4S1 categories. According to the Wilcox diagram, 25%, 43%, 30%, and 2% are classified under C1, C2, C3, and C4 categories, respectively. The Gibbs ratio shows a concentration within the evaporation dominance, and CAI values showed positive ion exchange. Overall, Hyderabad’s rural areas are generally suitable for irrigation, apart from certain areas where water quality may not be acceptable for plants lacking high salt tolerance.

摘要 目的 探讨Kelch样ECH相关蛋白1-核因子E2相关因子2/血红素加氧酶-1（Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1，KEAP1-NRF2/HO-1）通路介导发光二极管（light-emitting diode，LED）红光对高糖诱导下人牙周膜干细胞（human periodontal ligament stem cells，hPDLSCs）成骨分化和氧化损伤的影响，为LED红光在细胞抗氧化损伤中的应用提供依据。方法 流式细胞术、碱性磷酸酶（alkaline phosphatase，ALP）染色和茜素红染色鉴定hPDLSCs；高糖预处理hPDLSCs 48 h，用1、3、5 J/cm2 LED红光照射细胞，CCK-8实验选择促细胞增殖率高的辐射曝光量进行后续实验。将hPDLSCs分为对照组、高糖组、高糖+光照组；ALP染色、ALP活性检测、茜素红染色和半定量分析检测成骨分化能力，qRT-PCR和Western blot检测细胞成骨相关基因ALP、Runt相关转录因子2（runt-related transcription factor 2，RUNX2）、成骨细胞特异性转录因子（osterix，OSX）基因和蛋白表达；qRT-PCR检测相关抗氧化酶基因超氧化物歧化酶2（superoxide dismutase 2，SOD2）、过氧化氢酶（catalase，CAT）表达；荧光显微镜观察和流式细胞术测定细胞内活性氧簇（reactive oxygen species，ROS）水平；ELISA检测细胞上清液中肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α，TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1β（interleukin-1β，IL-1β）水平。以NRF2特异性抑制剂ML385抑制NRF2通路，ALP染色、ALP活性检测细胞早期成骨分化能力，qRT-PCR检测早期成骨分化标志物ALP、RUNX2、OSX基因表达，Western blot检测细胞KEAP1、NRF2、HO-1蛋白表达水平。结果 选择促高糖诱导下hPDLSCs增殖率最高的5 J/cm2辐射曝光量进行后续实验（P

Objective To evaluate the outcome of surgical treatment of tethered cord syndrome (TCS) in children with fatty filum or lipoma of filum at different ages and to explore the natural course and therapeutic strategy of this type of TCS. Methods and Results Total 77 TCS patients with fatty filum or lipoma of filum who underwent surgical division of the filum terminale between January 2017 and May 2022 in Children's Hospital of Fudan University were screened for eligibility. According to age, they were divided into young children group (< 3 years), preschool group (3-6 years) and school-age group (> 6 years). The reasons for admission (Fisher's exact probability: P = 0.001), sacrococcygeal skin abnormalities (χ2 = 7.841, P = 0.021), the proportion of children with clinical symptoms (χ2 = 13.618, P = 0.001), and the position of conus medullaris (Fisher's exact probability: P = 0.039) in the 3 groups were statistically significant. Compared with the young children group, the school -age group had a lower proportion of passive examination (Fisher's exact probability: P = 0.021), a higher proportion of patients seeking medical attention because of symptoms (adjusted χ2 = 12.738, P = 0.000), a lower proportion of sacrococcygeal skin abnormalities (χ2 = 6.481, P = 0.011), and a higher proportion of patients with clinical symptoms (χ2 = 13.558, P = 0.000), and the proportion of conus medullaris located at or above L2 was lower (Fisher's exact probability: P = 0.024). The proportion of patients with clinical symptoms in the school-age group was also higher than that in the preschool group (Fisher's exact probability: P = 0.034). The average diameter of the filum terminale after surgery was (2.17 ± 0.70) mm, which increased by (0.46 ± 0.28) mm compared with that before operation, and 26 cases (81.25%, 26/32) of the filum terminale continued to increase in diameter. Among the 9 cases with preoperative syringomyelia, 2 cases disappeared, 6 cases improved, and one case continued to worsen. Postoperative MRI showed 2 cases had spinal cord retethering. During 1.90 (1.11, 3.10) years of follow-up, no new clinical symptoms were found in asymptomatic patients and 35 symptomatic children had 13 cases in the young children group, 9 cases in the preschool group, and 13 cases in the school-age group. There was no significant difference in functional outcome among the 3 groups (Fisher's exact probability: P = 0.246). One patient was lost to follow-up. Conclusions The clinical features of TCSwith fatty filum or lipoma of filum are different. The older of the children, the higher of the proportion of clinical symptoms, more than half of the patients still have neurological abnormalities after surgical treatment. Division of the filum terminale is a low-risk procedure with few complications, and preventive surgery may reduce neurological damage.

Microfiber (MF) has a similar structure to natural leather. Four rare earth (RE) elements, La, Ce, Gd, and Er, were loaded onto the surface of microfibers through plant tannins to prepare a wearable microfiber-based X-ray shielding material (RE-MF), and the X-ray shielding performance was tested. The analysis results of ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicate that the rare earth elements can be uniformly loaded onto the surface of ultrafine fibers using plant tannins. The test results of X-ray shielding performance show that within the photon energy of 100 keV, the microfiber materials loaded with four rare earth elements have good X-ray shielding performance, and the shielding efficiency is increased with the increase of the loading amount of rare earth element and the thickness of microfiber. In the 20-80 keV energy range, the shielding efficiency of 2.6 mm Gd4-MF is up to 60% against X-rays, nearly equal to that of 0.25 mm lead plate but with non-toxicity, softness and wearability features. The test results of mechanical properties show that the microfiber-based X-ray protective material maintains the original good mechanical properties of microfibers, and is expected to be widely used in the field of X-ray protection.

Autoblinking is a widespread phenomenon and exhibits high level of intensity in some bacteria. In Deinococcus radiodurans (D. radiodurans), strong autoblinking was found to be indistinguishable from PAmCherry and greatly prevented single-molecule tracking of proteins of interest. Here we employed the bright photoswitchable fluorescent protein mMaple3 to label PprI, one essential DNA repair factor, and characterized systematically the fluorescence intensity and bleaching kinetics of both autoblinking and PprI-mMaple3 molecules within cells grown under three different conditions. Under minimal media, we can largely separate autoblinking from mMaple3 molecules and perform reliably single-molecule tracking of PprI in D. radiodurans, by means of applying signal-to-noise ratio and constraining the minimal length for linking the trajectories. We observed three states of PprI molecules, which bear different subcellular localizations and distinct functionalities. Our strategy provides a useful means to study the dynamics and distributions of proteins of interest in bacterial cells with high level of autoblinking.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease that progressively impairs cognitive function and memory. The occurrence and development of Alzheimer’s disease involves many processes. In response to the complex pathogenesis of AD, the Traditional Chinese medicine formula Liuwei Dihuang Pill (LWD) has been shown to improve the cognitive function of AD animal models. However, the active ingredients and mechanism of action of LWD have not been fully elucidated. In this study, network pharmacological analysis predicted 40 candidate compounds in LWD, acting on 227 potential targets, of which 185 were associated with AD. Through network pharmacological analysis, the mechanism of action of LWD therapy AD is related to the inhibition of inflammatory response, regulation of neuronal state, and autophagy. In this experiment, LWD was detected in the APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model. The objective was to observe the effects of LWD on hippocampal learning and memory ability, Aβ clearance, autophagy and inflammatory response in APP/PS1 mice. The results showed that LWD improved long-term memory and working memory in APP/PS1 mice compared with the WT group. At the same time, LWD can increase the expression of hippocampal autophagy biomarkers, reduce the precipitation of Aβ, and the activation of microglia and astrocytes. Its mechanism may be related to the regulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Thus, we demonstrate for the first time that LWD has a neuroprotective effect on APP/PS1 mice and provide theoretical foundation for the development of a new clinical treatment for AD.

The Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration is located in the sensitive zone of the Pearl River Delta estuary. Here, natural conditions are complicated, human activities are strong and natural disasters such as typhoons, floods, landslides, debris flow, ground settlements, and ground collapses are frequent that have caused severe damage to urban operations, property, and transportation, and a threat to human safety. Therefore, improving the ability of the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration to deal with natural disasters and its resilience is one of the important issues that need to be resolved in urban development and construction. This study examined the social vulnerability of the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration from the perspective of disaster prevention and mitigation and proposed several optimization strategies to reduce social vulnerability. Firstly, an urban disaster social vulnerability evaluation index system was established based on four aspects: population, economy, infrastructure, and social organization guarantee. Secondly, based on the information entropy method of objective empowerment, a quantitative evaluation model of social vulnerability was established, the vulnerability index of the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration was calculated, and the law of vulnerability and its influence on the evolution of social vulnerability in various cities were analyzed. Finally, optimization suggestions were proposed to reduce social vulnerability, based on a demanding perspective. The results showed that the average social vulnerability index of nine cities from 2010 to 2020 showed a trend, which initially increased and then decreased. The social vulnerability index changed significantly for each city and no significant rule was evident. Guangzhou had the lowest social vulnerability, whereas Zhaoqing had the highest. Moreover, in 2010, the level of social vulnerability in Shenzhen was low; Guangzhou, Zhuhai, and Foshan were relatively low; Foshan, Dongguan, and Zhongshan were medium, and Huizhou, Jiangmen, and Zhaoqing were high. In 2015, the level of social vulnerability in Guangzhou and Zhuhai were low; Shenzhen was relatively low; Foshan, Huizhou, and Zhongshan were medium, and Jiangmen, Dongguan, and Zhaoqing were high. In 2020, the level in Guangzhou and Zhuhai were low; Foshan was relatively low; Jiangmen, Shenzhen, and Huizhou were medium; and Zhongshan, Dongguan, and Zhaoqing were high. In addition, the factors affecting the social vulnerability of each city were significantly different; however, economic vulnerability and social organization security vulnerability were the main factors. By scientifically formulating urban spatial planning five perspectives were proposed: conducting scientific assessments of urban resilience level, promoting the construction of urban resilience systems, promoting the integration of blue, green, and grey disaster prevention infrastructure, establishing urban agglomeration disaster prevention and resilience management systems, and optimization strategies for promoting resilience of the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration. The selection of a natural disaster social vulnerability evaluation index system for urban agglomeration is subjective and uncertain; this aspect was also realized during the selection of the index system for this study's Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration. Therefore, the next step is to further improve the evaluation index system. In addition, a comparison of supplementary verification data or multi-data evaluation methods will be used to further improve the results of the social vulnerability assessment of the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration. The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for improving the comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation capacity and resilience of the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration.

With the advancement of urbanization in China, hilly and gently sloping mountainous areas have become areas of high disturbance owing to urban construction, with the disturbed areas also having a high incidence of mountain disasters. The large hilly and shallow mountainous areas in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area are continually disturbed by rapid urbanization, with frequent geological disasters. This study attempts to reflect the boundary morphology of the interaction zone from the perspective of the landscape morphology of the town-mountain interaction zone by using the landscape pattern index, analyzing the relationship between the morphological index and the intensity of geological disasters, and identifying the key factors. Finally, the functional relationship is fit between the intensity of disasters and the landscape pattern index based on the GAM model to reveal the interaction characteristics of towns and mountains and the disaster effects caused by them. The results of the study show that: 1) the urban-mountain interaction zone in the Bay Area is located in Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Hong Kong, with an area of 131.8, 81.6 and 58.5 km2 respectively, primarily in areas with a high proportion of hilly and shallow mountainous areas and rapid urban development; 2) Shenzhen and Hong Kong had higher landscape pattern indices than other regions, while Jiangmen, Zhaoqing, Foshan, and Huizhou generally had a lower landscape pattern index; 3) Among the nine landscape pattern indices, seven were positively correlated and two were negatively correlated, with CONNECT showing the highest correlation of 0.84 (P

We demonstrate an axisymmetric inverse-designed metalens to improve the performance of zone-plate-array lithography (ZPAL), one of the maskless lithography approaches, that offer a new paradigm for nanoscale research and industry. First, we derive a computational upper bound for a unit-cell-based axisymmetric metalens. Then, we demonstrate a fabrication-compatible inverse-designed metalens with 85.50% transmission normalized focusing efficiency at 0.6 numerical aperture at 405 nm wavelength; a higher efficiency than a theoretical gradient index lens design (79.98%). We also demonstrate experimental validation for our axisymmetric inverse-designed metalens via electron beam lithography. Metalens-based maskless lithography may open a new way of achieving low-cost, large-area nanofabrication.

In order to solve the problems of eccentric load of planetary gear train and large impact of gear teeth meshing caused by torsional deformation of double planetary gear shafts under load, a topological modification method considering torsional deformation of double planetary gear shaft is proposed. The causes of torsional deformation of the double planetary gear shaft and its influence on the load sharing performance of the gear train are analyzed. Based on the multi body gear bearing contact analysis (PLTCA) and the gear bearing contact analysis (LTCA), the bearing transmission error and the tooth surface load distribution coefficient under the deformation are solved; the optimization intelligent algorithm is used to solve the optimal solution of the modification parameters under the condition of the maximum modification amount of the tooth surface; the simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively reduce the unit length load of the tooth surface and the amplitude of the transmission error. The unit length load of the first and second planetary tooth surfaces is reduced by 33.58% and 21.35% respectively, and the amplitude of the transmission error is reduced by 77.74%; the experimental verification is carried out on the reducer load test-bed, and the experimental results are consistent with the simulation results. The wear condition of the planetary gear surface is greatly improved, the problem of eccentric load of NGWN planetary gear train is better solved, and the transmission accuracy and service life of the equipment are improved.

Aiming at the problem of degradation of correlation quality caused by excessive idealization of noise in the traditional track correlation model, this paper introduces the uncertainty theory in the track correlation process, and uses the uncertainty normal distribution in the theory to describe the noise in the track correlation, thus proposing a new track correlation model based on the uncertainty distribution. The motion equation and observation equation are reconstructed under three motion states uniform velocity, uniform acceleration, and variable acceleration. At the same time, this paper also uses a variety of traditional noises (including Gaussian noise) to simulate various complex noise environments, and uses a variety of algorithms to solve the model in this paper and the traditional model, and finally compares the performance of the two models under the same conditions, thus verifying the superiority and applicability of the uncertain normal correlation model from a variety of angles to the greatest extent.

Abstract Background There is a serious global problem of salinization of arable land, causing large reduction in world food production. Use of plant hormones is an effective way to reduce damage caused to crops and salt stress. Results In this study, PEI-EDA was modified with AM-zein and grafted with plant hormone SA (AM-zein-SA) and used as a nano-pesticide carrier to load emamectin benzoate (EB). The use of AM-zein-SA as a nano-pesticide carrier could reduce the damage caused by salt stress to crops. The structure of AM-zein-SA was characterized by FTIR, UV, fluorescence, Raman, and 1H NMR spectroscopic techniques. AM-zein-SA could effectively improve the resistance of EB to ultraviolet radiations, resistance of cucumber to salt stress, and the absorption of EB by plants. The experimental results showed that AM-zein-SA could effectively improve the anti-UV property of EB by 0.88 fold. When treated with 120 mmol NaCl, the germination rate of cucumber seeds under salt stress increased by 0.93 fold in presence of 6.25 mg/L carrier concentration. The POD and SOD activities increased by 0.50 and 1.21 fold, whereas the content of MDA decreased by 0.23 fold. In conclusion, AM-zein-SA nano-pesticide carrier could be used to improve the salt resistance of crops and the adhesion of pesticides to leaves. Conclusion AM-zein-SA, without undergoing any changes in its insecticidal activity, could simultaneously improve the salt stress resistance and salt stress germination rate of cucumber, reduce growth inhibition due to stress under high-concentration salt, and had a good effect on crops. In addition, EB@AM-zein-SA obviously improved the upward transmission rate of EB, as compared with EB. In this study, SA was grafted onto zein-based nano-pesticide carrier, which provided a green strategy to control plant diseases, insects, and pests while reducing salt stress on crops in saline-alkali soil. Graphical Abstract