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Bulbophyllum phanquyetii, from Lai Chau Province was found and described as a new species for science. The new species looks similar to B. guttulatum and B. umbellatum but differs in the connate upper margin of lateral sepals, verruculose sepals and petals, and triangular stelidia. In addition, B. tianguii found in Ha Giang Province is firstly recorded for the orchid flora of Vietnam.

The paper provides a short annotated taxonomic review of Bulbopyllum sect. Tripudianthes from the flora of Vietnam along with a species-level key for identification. The section in Vietnam includes five species, one of which is a new species for science and described under the name, B. viridipallidum. The new species was found recently from Kon Tum Province of southern Vietnam. It is similar to B. kanburiense, B. khaoyaiense, and B. wallichii, but clearly differs by having pale greenish lateral sepals and two rounded calli at the lip base fused distally into a single prominent longitudinal keel; this is inflated at the lip apex into prominent half ovoid callus. In addition, we confirm the occurrence of B. wallichii in the flora of Vietnam. The taxonomic description, data on distribution, ecology, phenology, proposed conservation status, taxonomic notes, and the comparison of the new species with morphologically similar species are reported.

A species, new to science, is described from Son La province, Vietnam. The new species is similar to B. yongtaiense, B. layae and B. sridithii in the hairy lip at base but clearly differs by the papillose margin and inner surface of dorsal sepal and petals, lip without mid keel and dense hairs on lateral keels, stelidia 2 times longer than 3 similar species.

The paper presents a taxonomic review of Bulbophyllum section Rhytionanthos for the flora of Vietnam and provides the key for its species’ identification. A new species, B. truongtamii and a new variety, B. taeniophyllum var. denticulatoalatum are described for science. Bulbophyllum nodosum is reported for the first time from the country. Bulbophyllum strigosum, described 20 years ago based on cultivated plant of uncertain origin was rediscovered in NE Vietnam. For this species, location and detailed description are reported. Analytical photos, data on phenology, ecology, and distribution are presented for all studied species. The morphological comparison table of the new species, new variety and newly recorded species segregating them from similar species are presented.

Gastrochilus pankajkumarii, found in the Central Highlands of Vietnam, is described as a new species for science. The protologue includes color analytical photos of the new species and data on phenology, ecology, and distribution. Morphological comparisons with similar species are presented.

A new species of Bulbophyllum (Orchidaceae), named as B. sondangii discovered in Da Lat Plateau (Da Lat Town area, Lam Dong Province of southern Vietnam) is described and illustrated. The new species is similar to B. andersonii and B. trongsaense, but can be distinguished by a short seta at the apex of median sepal and petals; almost entire margin of petals except the fimbriate apex; lip with auricles at base; and stelidia apiculate at apex. The paper presents the taxonomical description, data on distribution, ecology, phenology and conservation status, as well as notes and the comparison of the newly described plant with morphologically similar species.

AVERYANOV, LEONID V., THAI, TRAN HUY, NGUYEN, VAN CANH, TRUONG, BA VUONG, MAISAK, TATIANA V., DOAN, NGA THI, NGUYEN, KHANG SINH (2023): Averyanov L.V. et al.: (2022): New orchids in the flora of Vietnam (Orchidaceae, Aeridinae). Phytotaxa 572 (1): 043-060. Phytotaxa 579 (1): 70-70, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.579.1.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.579.1.9

Hemiboea chanii, a new species of Gesneriaceae from Ha Giang Province, northern Vietnam, is here described and illustrated. It has many branched stems, diamond-shaped involucre with two cirrose opposite apices, a pink corolla, red spotted inside, and a flowering time in January-February. Among congeners with an externally hairy corolla, this new species is morphologically close to H. crystallina and H. sinovietnamica. Diagnostic discriminative characters in all mentioned species are discussed. The conservation status of this species is considered to be “Critically endangered” (CR) according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.

This paper presents new data on the orchid diversity of Vietnam obtained in 2020–2022. It comprises descriptions of two species new for science (Cleisostoma tatonii and Sarcoglyphis hiepii) and descriptions of four species new for the flora of Vietnam (Cleisostoma aspersum, Gastrochilus nanus, Micropera mannii and Trichoglottis ramosa). All species found for the first time in Vietnam are morphologically slightly different from the individuals in their main distribution area. Data on accepted names, main synonyms, etymology (for newly described species), morphological description, studied specimens, ecology, phenology and distribution, conservation status assessment, brief taxonomic notes, and illustrations are provided for each species listed.

The paper provides a short review of Bulbophyllum species recorded in Laos and Vietnam during the two last decades and continues the publication of results of our successive studies of the genus in this area. It presents data on two new species for science discovered in Laos (Bulbophyllum pachypodum) and Vietnam (B. neglectipetalum), one lesser known species for the flora of Laos (B. microtepalum), two new records for the flora of Vietnam (B. echinulus, B. setilabium), and new illustrated data on B. secundum insufficiently known in the flora of Vietnam. Bulbophyllum fascinator earlier accepted in specific rank reduced into the synonymy of B. putidum on the base of studies of newly obtained materials. Taking into consideration the new data presented in this paper, the flora of Laos presently includes 85, and flora of Vietnam 151 Bulbophyllum species, excluding Monomeria, Trias, and Sunipia. It is the largest genus in the orchid floras of both countries.

Peliosanthes longiracemosa, a new species from limestone areas of northern Vietnam, is described and illustrated. It is most similar to P. macrostegia in having a distally incurved staminal corona and a distinct pyramidal style, but clearly distinguishable chiefly by the broader leaf blades with more longitudinal veins and closer transverse veinlets, relatively longer, more slender raceme, more numerous widely expanded flowers with recurved perianth segments, and more incrassate, depressed globose staminal corona. Information on the habitat and phenology as well as notes on the taxonomic relationships with other congeners is also provided.

Dendrobium parahendersonii discovered in southern Vietnam is described as new species to science. It belongs to D. sect. Crumenata, and resembles D. hendersonii and D. exile in having a filiform, reed-like stem swollen at the base into a quadrangular ellipsoid pseudobulb and flowering from the leafless part of stem but differs clearly in the details of its tepals and lip. A morphological description, illustrations, data on habitat, phenology, and conservation status for the new species are provided.

The paper presents a description of a new species, Didymoplexis gibbosa (Gastrodiinae, Gastrodieae) discovered recently in southern Vietnam. This is the fifth species of the genus reported from Vietnam. The new species is most similar to the widely distributed D. pallens. Description of the discovered species is accompanied with data on ecology, phenology and distribution, estimated IUCN Red List status, studied specimens, brief taxonomic notes and illustrations.

New species of Begonia L. in the flora of Laos presented in this paper were mainly found in the course of botanical surveys made in Hin Nam No National Protected Area, Nam Phouy National Protected Area, Khammouane Karst Forest, and Phou Khao Khouay National Protected Area.Additionally, herbaria presently available in Laos (HNL, FOF, NUoL, FRC), living plants, and alcohol preserved material at Pha Tad Ke Botanical Garden and the data accessible online at BM, E, K, LE, NY, P, and PE Herbaria were critically studied. The study conducted during 2012–2019 reveals seven new species for science and seven species newly recorded for the flora of Lao PDR. Species described as new for science are: B. glabritepala (found in Khammouane Province; it is most close to B. pierrei but differs in glabrous outer tepals of staminate flowers, pistillate flowers, capsules, petioles, peduncles and pedicles), B.heterocantha (found in Sainyabuli Province; most close to B. depingiana but differs in reddish purple, glandular pubescent abaxial leaf surface, glandular pubescent pedicel, and outer tepals of pistillate flowers sparsely white glandular pubescent), B. lanxangensis (found in Vientiane Province; most close to B.paleacea but differs in elongate tubers, ovate-lanceolate, obscurely asymmetrical to symmetrical leaves, and glabrous pedicels), B. parviglandulosa (found in Vientiane Province; most close to B. martabanica but differs in smaller habit, reniform-cordate leaves and glandular indumentum on peduncle, pedicle and capsules), B.pseudobrandisiana (found in Khammouane Province; most close to B. brandisiana but differs in pistillate flowers with five elliptic-oblanceolate tepals), B. tripartifolia (found in Khammouane Province; most close to B. tricuspidata but differs in leaves palmate triangular-ovate, with deeply lobed lacerate margin, pistillate flower of five tepals, and ovary with unequal wing), and B. viriditenebris (found in Khammouane Province; most close to B. sinuata but differs in single leaf, indumentum of bristle hairs and reddish or bronzy green adaxial leaf surface, and three styles). The following species discovered and recorded for the flora of Laos at first are: B. hatacoa (known in Nepal, Bhutan, NE India, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam), B.hemsleyana (China, Vietnam), B. labordei (NE India, Myanmar, S China, Vietnam), B.longifolia (tropical zone from NE India to Indonesia), B. minuscula (Vietnam), B. parvula (S China), and B. subperfoliata (Myanmar, Thailand, S Vietnam). Descriptions and line drawings are provided for all newly described species. Photographic illustrations, data on phenology, habitat, and notes on morphological variations and relations are given for all studied species., Виды бегоний (Begonia L.), новые для флоры Лаоса, были найдены большей частью при проведении ботанических исследований на территориях заповедников Хин Нам Но, Нам Фоу, Карстовый лес Кхаммуан и Фоу Кхао Кхоай. В дополнение к полевым исследованиям критически изучены гербарные коллекции, имеющиеся в настоящее время в Лаосе (HNL, FOF, NUoL, FRC), живые растения и заспиртованные образцы ботанического сада Фа Тад Ке, а также данные гербариев BM, E, K, LE, NY, P и PE, доступные on-line. Исследование, проведенное в 2012–2019 гг., выявило семь новых видов для науки и семь видов, новых для флоры страны. Видами, новыми для науки, являются: Begonia glabritepala (найден в провинции Кхаммуан; наиболее близок к B. pierrei, но отличается голыми чашелистиками тычиночных цветков и полностью голыми пестичными цветками, плодами, черешками листьев, цветоносами и цветоножками), B. heterocantha (найден в провинции Сайнябули; наиболее близок к B.depingiana, но отличается пурпурной, железисто опушенной нижней стороной листа, железистым опушением цветоноса, беловатым, рассеянно железистым опушением чашелистиков пестичных цветков), B.lanxangensis (найден в провинции Вьентьян; наиболее близок к B. paleacea, но отличается удлиненными клубнями, узкояйцевидными симметричными или слегка асимметричными листьями и голыми цветоножками), B. parviglandulosa (найден в провинции Вьентьян; наиболее близок к B.martabanica, но отличается маленькими размерами, почковидно-сердцевидными листьями и железистым опушением цветоноса, цветоножек и плодов), B.pseudobrandisiana (найден в провинции Кхаммуан; наиболее близок к B. brandisiana, но отличается пестичными цветками, имеющими 5 узкоэллиптических листочков околоцветника), B. tripartifolia (найден в провинции Кхаммуан; наиболее близок к B.tricuspidata, но отличается глубоко рассеченными, яйцевидно-треугольными листьями c выгрызенным краем, 5-лепестковыми цветками и завязью с отчетливо неравными крыльями) и B. viriditenebris (найден в провинции Кхаммуан; наиболее близок к B. sinuata, но отличается наличием только одного щетинисто опушенного листа, бронзово-зеленовытым с верхней стороны и тремя столбиками рыльца). Следующие семь видов приводятся для флоры Лаоса впервые: B. hatacoa (область распространения вида: Непал, Бутан, С.-В. Индия, Мьянма, Таиланд и Вьетнам), B. hemsleyana (Ю. Китай, Вьетнам), B.labordei (С.-В. Индия, Мьянма, Ю.Китай, Вьетнам), B. longifolia (тропическая зона Азии от С.-В. Индии до Индонезии), B. minuscula (Вьетнам), B. parvula (Ю. Китай) и B.subperfoliata (Мьянма, Таиланд и Ю. Вьетнам). Детальные описания и черно-белые рисунки приводятся для видов, новых для науки. Для всех изученных видов приведены фотографии, данные о фенологии, экологии, морфологической изменчивости и предполагаемом ближайшем родстве.

The new species discovered in Thanh Hoa Province of northern Vietnam described here as a new species for science. It is similar to B. muscicola but differs in smaller habit, inflorescence shorter than leaves, shorter lateral sepals with unequally lobed blunt apex, and slender stelidia. The newly described species also can be compared with B. japonicum but it differs in the size and shape of leaves, tepals, and lip. Detailed morphological description, illustration, data on distribution, and phenology of the new species are presented.

A new variety, Bulbophyllum blaoense var. flavescences (B. sect. Cirrhopetaloides) discovered in southern Vietnam is described here. In addition, two species, B. caudatum and B. kwangtungense (B. sect. Desmosanthes) found in the northern part of the country are firstly recorded and documented for the flora of Vietnam. Morphological description and illustrations based on collected materials, data on phenology, distribution, and taxonomic notes are presented for newly recorded taxa. Lectotypes for B. bicolor and B. caudatum are proposed.

The new species, Gastrochilus dresslerii (G. sect. Microphyllae) discovered in northern Vietnam (Ha Giang Province) is described and illustrated, and data on its phenology, ecology, and distribution is provided. Morphological resemblance of discovered plant with allied species are also discussed.

Rohdea dangii, a new species from limestone areas of Son La and Dien Bien Provinces in northwestern Vietnam, is described and illustrated. It is apparently most closely related to R. tonkinensis described from northern Vietnam, for these two species share an elongate aerial stem with no cataphylls (except for those at the base of the peduncle), narrowly elliptic leaf blades and filaments conspicuously incrassate in the lower decurrent portions. It is, however, readily distinguishable mainly by the longer, thicker rhizome, non-sheathing amplexicaule leaf blades, half-terete peduncle, much shorter bracts mostly not exceeding the flowers, and crateriform perigone tube. The taxonomic relationships of the new species to R. wattii and two other species with an aerial stem were also briefly discussed.

A new species of the genus Camellia L. (Theaceae) from Southern Vietnam is described and illustrated under the name Camellia proensis. Morphological differences between C. proensis and closely related species in the genus Camellia L. (sect. Piquetia) were identified. C. proensis is easily distinguishable from C. honbaensis, C. piquetiana and C. longii by the yellow flowers; from C. dalatensis by the glabrous twigs and leaves; from C. dongnaiensis by light yellow flowers; from C. sonthaiensis by mature fruit flat-globose, 4.0–5.5 cm tall and 8.5–10.0 cm wide. Ecological environment and distribution were also provided for this new species. The images and type specimens of this species were processed and stored in Vietnam (holotype, isotypes, DLU).

A reassessment of taxonomy and geographical distribution of a widespread Asian mycoheterotrophic species Petrosavia sakuraii is presented. Petrosavia amamiensis recently described from the Japanese Ryukyu Islands is demonstrated to fit closely the morphological diversity of P. sakuraii. Data from geography, molecular phylogenetics and reproductive biology also provide no substantial evidences in favor of consideration of the specimens of Petrosavia from Ryukyu as a distinct species. Accordingly, P. amamiensis is here reduced to a taxonomic synonym of P. sakuraii. Worldwide distribution range of P. sakuraii is reviewed to summarize the scattered evidences accumulated to date in the forms of herbarium specimens and publications of range extensions. A disjunct distribution pattern is highlighted between the populations in Sumatra and the rest of the species range: P. sakuraii occurs from the Himalayas to the Honshu Island, but within the Indochinese Peninsula it is known only in its northernmost part. Finally, typification of P. sakuraii and its synonym P. sinii is revised, and lectotypes are designated for both names.

Leptomischus hiepii, a new species of the tribe Argostemmateae from Son La province, northwestern Vietnam, is described and illustrated. Morphologically it allies to L. wallichii, L. erianthus and L. funingensis by sharing a similar habit, large stipules and similar corolla shape, but it differs by its anisophyllous leaves, 1-flowered inflorescences, homostylous flowers and tubular-campanulate corollas.

Bulbophyllum sridithii a new species to science is described and illustrated from Kon Ka Kinh National Park of Vietnam. The new species belongs to the section Cirrhopetaloides and resembles B. layae, B. hirundinis, B. electrinum, B. pecten-veneris and B. tingabarinum but differs in the size and shape of pseudobulbs, the shape of the leaf blade, and flower size. Morphological description, illustrations, data on habitat, phenology, and conservation status are provided.

The genus Octarrhena (Orchidaceae) is distributed predominantly in Malesia and Papuasia. Its presence in eastern Indochina was uncovered as recently as in 2015 simultaneously with a description of O. minuscula from the Central Highlands of Vietnam. Here, we describe two more species of the genus, O. emarginata and O. perpusilla, also endemic to this mountain system. All three Vietnamese species of Octarrhena are local endemics with very limited allopatric distribution. We summarize the current knowledge on the genus in Vietnam and present a key for their identification, and a map with location of all known populations. Finally, we briefly discuss modern views on the worldwide species diversity of Octarrhena.

Vanilla tiendatii, discovered in limestone mountain area of Quang Binh Province in Northern Vietnam, is described as a species new for science. Morphologically this species appears to be closely related to V. yesiniana and V. albida, but well differs in the leaf shape, flower color, lip densely papillate-hairy at apex, and column fimbriate-hairy in the basal half. The key for identification of Vanilla species occurring in Vietnam is provided.

An updated checklist of the family Lycopodiaceae in Vietnam is provided. The checklist is based on the most recent taxonomic delimitation of this family. It comprises three subfamilies, six genera and 20 species. Three species, Huperzia nanlingensis, Phlegmariurus henryi and Phlegmariurus tetrastichus, are reported from Vietnam for the first time, which is mainly a result of floristic exploration of the country during the last 15 years. Detailed descriptions and photographs are provided for the newly recorded species, as well as a map showing their distribution in Vietnam. Taxonomy of these and related species is briefly discussed. Type material of P. tetrastichus was analyzed and a specimen from G (G00349152) was designated as a lectotype. It was demonstrated that the combination Huperzia tetrasticha has never been validly published.

Tupistra nganii is described and illustrated as a new species from Ha Giang Province in northern Vietnam and Yunnan Province in southwestern China. The new species is most similar to T. muricata from Thailand and Laos, from which it differs by the greenish white or yellow perianth and longer exserted stamens. Additionally, Tupistra longispica is reinstated on the basis of new morphological evidences.

Mainland Southeast Asia, particularly southern China and eastern Indochina, is known as an important centre of diversity for Asparagaceae (Averynov & Tanaka 2012). Tupistra Ker Gawler (1814: 1655) belonging to the subfamily Nolinoideae (Chase et al. 2009) comprises a little more than 30 species (Averyanov et al. 2019). They spread across southern and south-eastern Asia, including Nepal, Bhutan, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, China, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia and Indonesia (Tanaka 2010a). The genus is characterized usually by the leaves tapering into petiole, a relatively large stigma broader than the style, except for the very uncommon species T. siphonantha Tanaka, Vislobokov & Hannon (2018: 32), a stout terete style almost as thick as the ovary and tuberculate (rarely smooth), globular berry-like fruits (Tanaka 2010a). Eight species of Tupistra have been reported for India: T. ashihoi Roy, Odyuo & Averyanov (2017:52), T. clarkei Hooker (1892: 325), T. khasiana Roy, Mao & Averyanov (2017: 257), T. nagarum Odyuo, Roy & Mao (2018:2), T. nutans Wall. ex Lindley (1839: 1223), T. stoliczkana Kurz (1876: 199), T. tupistroides (Kunth 1848: 12) Dandy (1932: 329), and T. leonidii Roy & Mao (2018: 37). Among them, T. ashihoi and T. stoliczkana have an upright flowering stem, whereas the others have a flowering stem curved downwards.

The orchid species new for science, Cylindrolobus chienii (Orchidaceae) discovered on Chu Mu Mountain, M’Drak District, Dak Lak Province of southern Vietnam is described and illustrated. It morphologically close to C. gloensis and C. bidupensis but differs from them in glabrous 2-flowered inflorescence, calli on labellum and character of the lip indumentum.

Peliosanthes crassicoronata is described and illustrated as a new species from southern Vietnam. It somewhat resembles P. macrostegia in having drooping bowl-shaped purplish flowers, but is readily distinguishable by the larger leaves with more numerous longitudinal veins, internally thickly ribbed staminal corona, and pistil with a hexagonal ovary and an indistinct style. The phylogenetic relationship of the new species was inferred from an analysis of chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequences.

Based on morphological data, Paraboea villosa from limestone areas of northern Vietnam is described and illustrated as a new species. It is similar to Paraboea middletonii Triboun, P. rufescens (Franch.) B.L. Burtt and P. umbellata (Drake) B.L. Burtt, but differs in its almost ebracteate inflorescence, small white flowers, very short peduncles, absence of staminodia, bright yellow, swollen, gibbous filaments and large anthers.

This paper provides descriptions and photographic illustrations for two new species and one new variety; Ophiopogon brevicaulis from N. Vietnam, Rohdea subcaudata from central Laos, and O. dracaenoides var. pleianthus from N. Vietnam. Five species are recorded as new to the flora of Vietnam; O. peliosanthoides, O. pingbienensis, O. reversus, O. xylorrhizus, and Peliosanthes pachystachya, two of which, O. peliosanthoides and O. pingbienensis, are illustrated. Data on the distribution and illustrations of O. intermedius in Vietnam are also provided, as the species there has not yet been sufficiently known.

Two new species of Ophiopogon, O. dolichocaulis from Son La Province and O. trigonantherus from Cao Bang Province in northern Vietnam, are described and illustrated. The former is similar to O. chingii, while the latter is similar to O. rupestris and O. dracaenoides. This paper not only details their taxonomic features and relationships to similar species but also provides ecological data on their habitats and phenology.

Bulbophyllum xuansonii belonging to section Brachystachyae, discovered in Ninh Binh and Son La provinces is described here as a new species for science. This species is similar to B. xylophyllum and B. gracilipes but can be easily distinguished by the smaller habit and shape of tepals and stelidia. Additionally, B. gracilipes found in Lam Dong Province is reported as the species newly recorded for the flora of Vietnam. The paper provides analytical photos and data on phenology, ecology, and distribution of studied species. Morphological characters of the new species and similar species are shortly discussed. The key for identification of species of B. sect. Brachystachyae in Vietnam is also included.

The paper provides additions to the known diversity of Begonia in Vietnam and Laos. One species new to science from Lao PDR (B. vivipara) and three new species from Vietnam (B. aspersa, B. gracilifolia, B. maculifolia) are described. Three species (B. rotundilimba, B. versicolor, B. wenshanensis) are reported as new records for the flora of Vietnam. For each species, the information on ecology, phenology, estimated conservation status and distribution is presented, as well as the relevant taxonomic notes and analytical photographic illustrations.

The new species, Bulbophyllum manhdatii (B. sect. Brachyantha) discovered in Da Lat Plateau, Lam Dong Province (southern Vietnam) is described here. This new species is close to B. pumilio but clearly differs in densely crowded pseudobulbs and their shape, shorter inflorescence, lateral sepals forming a narrow acute tube slightly flattened at the base, lip without median keel, and longer stelidia. In addition, a new national record, B. seidenfadenii, from the same section is also reported from the first time from North Vietnam.