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Napjainkban egy-egy térség fejlődése elsősorban a humán tőkéjének színvonalától függ, ezért egyre inkább felértékelődik az oktatás, különösen a felsőoktatás minősége és széles körű elérhetősége. Magyarországon a rendszerváltozás után átalakult a felsőoktatás: jellemzően vidéki képzési helyeken új intézmények jöttek létre és a hallgatók létszáma is ugrásszerűen megnőtt. De a dinamikus növekedés 2006 után megtorpant, ezt követően a hallgatók száma jelentősen visszaesett. A Budapest-központúság mérséklésének hazai területfejlesztési dokumentumokban megfogalmazott célkitűzése nem valósult meg, a hallgatók számának jelentős csökkenése elsősorban a vidéki székhelyű kisebb intézményeknél és a kevésbé fejlett térségek képzési helyein figyelhető meg. Tanulmányomban azt vizsgálom, hogy miként alakultak a hallgatói létszámok 2006 és 2021 között az érintett városokban. Az adatok alapján a nappali tagozatos hallgatók térbeli koncentrálódása egyre jelentősebb: 2021-ben a fővárosban és négy vidéki egyetemi városban vették fel alapképzésekre a hallgatók 85%-át, mester- és osztatlan képzésekre a 93%-át. Amíg a mester- és osztatlan képzéseknél az intézmények versenyéből adódó területi koncentráció elfogadható, addig az ország számára hátrányos az alapképzések koncentrációja, mivel e képzések jelentős része „középiskolásodó” tömegképzés, amelyet közszolgáltatásnak tekintve – a helyi munkaerőpiac igényeihez igazodva, egyúttal a tovább- és átképzések, az élethosszig tartó tanulás intézményi hátterét megteremtve – mindegyik nagyvárosi településegyüttesben meg kellene szervezni. Véleményem szerint a felsőoktatás elmúlt évekbeli átrendeződése nemcsak a kevésbé fejlett térségek felzárkózását, az egyik alapvető területfejlesztési cél elérését nehezíti meg, hanem az ország versenyképességét is hátrányosan befolyásolja.

Climate change, loss of biodiversity and degradation of ecosystems are all linked and have devastating consequences for our socio-economic stability, health and well-being. Working with nature is increasingly recognized as an efficient way to tackle these growing challenges, according to the new EEA report ‘Nature-based solutions in Europe: Policy, knowledge and practice for climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction.’ In line with the basin wide updated flood risk strategy like International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River (hereafter: ICPDR) Flood Risk Management Plans 2021. Multilevel action plans have been developed. The EU level plans, such as the EU Strategy for the Danube Region, from the geographical point of view (for example: EU Green Deal) are mainly based on watersheds and on macro-regional scale. However, at the same time, counties should elaborate their strategies on their own level. Hungary has many strategies, one of the most relevant in terms of climate change is the Hungarian National Water Strategy (hereafter: HNWS), also known as, Kvassay Jenő Plan.

Andrea Klinovszky,1 István Márton Kiss,1 Orsolya Papp-Zipernovszky,2 Csaba Lengyel,3 Norbert Buzás1 1Department of Health Economics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; 2Department of Psychology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; 31st Department of Internal Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary Purpose: The objective of our cross-sectional study is to explore the adherence behavior of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by examining the association between the various types of adherence. The success of diabetic therapy partly relies on patient motivation, psychodemographic variables (self-efficacy, health literacy, and health locus of control [HLOC]), and adherence. The aim of our research was to explore the attitudes of T2DM patients toward medication and lifestyle therapy, thus gaining a deeper insight into the role of adherence-determining parameters in disease management. Patients and methods: The sample for the present study consisted of 113 T2DM inpatients (75 women and 38 men) with a mean age of 60.56 years (SD=12.94, range: 20–85 years) diagnosed with T2DM for an average of 13 years (SD=8.23). Participants completed the Diabetes Adherence Questionnaire conceptualized by the research team in accordance with the mapping of psychological and psychosocial parameters. We examined the associations between variables using Spearman’s rank correlation. Multivariate regression analysis was used to examine predictive variables for adherent behavior. In addition, we attempted to examine factors with a negative effect on adherence using factor analysis. Results: Based on our results, a high level of medication adherence negatively correlated with lifestyle adherence. Multivariate regression analysis showed that blood glucose monitoring adherence is mostly predicted by social–external HLOC, diabetes self-efficacy, and internal HLOC, while dietary adherence is predicted by the patient’s self-efficacy and duration of the illness. Additionally, understanding and following the diabetes treatment were significantly associated with dietary adherence and high levels of patient self-efficacy, while health literacy was mostly predicted by internal HLOC. Conclusion: Adherence to medication, diet, glucose monitoring, and physical exercise showed different levels in T2DM patients and were in association with psychodemographic factors. Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM, medication adherence, lifestyle adherence, self-efficacy, health literacy, health locus of control

An analytical solution is presented for the determination of the deformation of rotating two-layer composite beams. The direction of axis of rotation is vertical and the speed of rotation is constant. The axis of rotation is in the plane of symmetry of curved beam. The source of the in-plane deformation is the stationary rotation of the curved beam. The plane of the curvature is the symmetry plane of the curved beam for its material, geometrical and supporting properties. Assumed form of the displacement field meets the prescriptions of the classical Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. Examples illustrate the applications of the presented analytical solution.

An analytical solution is presented for the determination of deformation of curved composite beams. Each cross-section is assumed to be symmetrical and the applied loads are acted in the plane of symmetry of curved beam. In-plane deformations are considered of composite curved beams. Assumed form of the displacement field assures the fulfillment of the classical Bernoulli-Euler beam theory. The curvature of beam is constant and the internal forces in a cross-section is replaced by an equivalent forcecouple system at the origin of the cylindrical coordinate system used. The internal forces are expressed in terms of two kinematical variables, which are the radial displacement and the rotation of the cross-sections. The determination of the analytical solutions of the considered static problems are based on the fundamental solutions. Linear combination of the fundamental solutions which are filling to the given loading and boundary conditions, gives the total solution. Closed form formulae are derived for the radial displacement, cross-sectional rotation, nomral and shear forces and bending moments. The circumferential and radial normal stresses and shear stresses are obtained by the integration of equilibrium equations. Examples illustrate the developed method.

Jóllehet számos kutatás született vezetői stílusok témakörben, és az egyetemi hallgatók kezdetektől gyakori szereplői a feltáró jellegű társadalomtudományi kutatásoknak, kevesebb példát találunk arra, hogy a Full Range Leadership modellt fiatalok körében alkalmazzák. Ebben a cikkben a szerzők magyar egyetemisták körében vizsgálják a preferált vezetői stílusokat, és ezeket a vezetői és vállalkozói aspirációkkal összefüggésben térképezik fel. A kutatásban felhasznált online kérdőívet fővárosi és vidéki egyetemek gazdasági, műszaki és társadalomtudományi képzéseiben tanuló diákok töltötték ki. A kérdőív kitöltésében 335 egyetemi hallgató működött közre. Az eredmények feltáró jellegűek és a szakirodalom alapján várható összefüggéseket néhány ponton módosítják. Négy jól elhatárolható vezetési stílus rajzolódott ki a vizsgált egyetemisták körében, melyek a transzformatív, a szupportív, a defenzív és a laissez-faire vezetői típusokat testesítik meg. Többváltozós elemzés alapján azt a feltevést fogalmazhatjuk meg, hogy az egyetemi hallgatók körében a vezetői hajlandóság a transzformatív vezetési stílusjegyekkel, míg a vállalkozói aspirációk a transzformatív és a szupportív vezetői stílussal mutatnak pozitív összefüggést.

In the future there will be a lot of changes and development concerning autonomous transport that will affect all participants of transport. There are still difficulties in organizing transport, but with the introduction of autonomous vehicles more challenges can be expected. Recognizing and tracking horizontal and vertical signs can cause a difficulties for drivers and, later, for autonomous systems. Environmental conditions, deformity and quality affect the perception of signals. The correct recognition results in safe travelling for everyone on the roads. Traffic signs are designed for people that is why the recognition process is harder for the machines. However, nowadays some developers try to create a traffic sign that autonomous vehicles can use. Computer identification needs further development, as it is necessary to consider cases where traffic signs are deformed or not properly placed. In the following investigation, the advantages and disadvantages of the different perception methods and their possibilities were gathered. A methodology for the classification of horizontal and vertical traffic signs anomalies that may help in designing better testing and validation environments for traffic sign recognition systems in the future was also proposed.

The goal of this study is to investigate the cause of a growing food price volatility. We analyse whether food price volatility is mainly induced by transfer of the oil price shock or if it is the consequence of a rising and competitive biofuel production. Furthermore, we evaluate the impact of biofuels on land use as well. Food prices have lately surged and declined sharply and become more volatile. High fuel prices combined with a rising biofuel production created a link between crude oil and food prices. We investigated the impact of a biofuel production on an increased volatility in oil and food prices, and found correlations between cereals, sugar and vegetable oil price index and crude oil prices from 2003 to 2016. Our results show that the main driver for food price fluctuation is mainly the oil price shock. The increasing biofuel output has been associated with a rising protein-rich animal feed production. The use of co-products as animal feed has land use implications including GHG emission savings because co-products reduce land and the demand for chemical inputs required in the feed production.

Table 1 in original paper (Slobodník et al. 2017, Slovak Raptor Journal 11: 83–89) was published with incorrect data. Correct version is published here.

Several enterprises have tried to introduce the lean approach in order to enhance competitiveness. However, the only successful ones were the companies which understood that lean is not only about methods and tools, but the people using them: employees. The only way an enterprise can become a lean organisation is if all of its members deeply identify with the organisation’s principles, which is then manifested in all decisions and actions of the organisation. The aim of this study is to present the practical use of the lean approach in the Nyíregyháza plant of LEGO. Based on the questionnaire results and our observations, we present the current situation of LEGO in accordance with the same points and compare it to an ideal situation. We then make improvement recommendations in all cases when negative changes were observed.

Structural dynamic modeling is a key element in the analysis of building behavior for different environmental factors. Having this in mind, the authors propose a simple nonlinear model for studying the behavior of buildings in the case of earthquakes. Structural analysis is a key component of seismic design and evaluation. It began more than 100 years ago when seismic regulations adopted static analyzes with lateral loads of about 10% of the weight of the structure. Due to the dynamics and non-linear response of the structures, advanced analytical procedures were implemented over time. The authors’ approach is the following: having a nonlinear dynamic model (in this case, a multi-segment inverted pendulum on a cart with mass-spring-damper rotational joints) and at least two datasets of a building, the parameters of the building’s model are estimated using optimization algorithms: Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Differential Evolution (DE). Not having much expertise on structural modeling, the present paper is focused on two aspects: the proposed model’s performance and the optimization algorithms performance. Results show that among these algorithms, the DE algorithm outperformed its counterpart in most situations. As for the model, the results show us that it performs well in prediction scenarios.

Az Európai Unióhoz 2004-ben csatlakozott a négy visegrádi ország (V4), Csehország, Lengyelország, Magyarország és Szlovákia. Az itt élők nagy reményeket fűztek a csatlakozáshoz, a vérmesebb elvárások szerint pár éven belül életszínvonaluk felzárkózhat a fejlett nyugati tagállamokéhoz. A „felzárkózás”, „közeledés”, „utolérés”, egy bizonyos felfogásban „konvergencia” sokrétű és sokféle értelmezésben használt fogalmak, vágyott célként egy-másfél évszázada fogalmazódnak meg a kevésbé fejlett országokban, térségekben. Az Európai Unió regionális politikájának is egyik fő célja a kevésbé fejlett régiók fejlődésének felgyorsítása és felzárkóztatásuk a tagállamok átlagához. Tanulmányunkban azt vizsgáljuk, hogy e négy, közepesen fejlett, hasonló történelmi múlttal és társadalmi-gazdasági szerkezettel rendelkező posztszocialista ország térségeinek mennyire volt sikeres a felzárkózása az Európai Unió korábbi tagállamainak átlagához 2000 és 2014 között. A felzárkózás főbb jellemzőinek vizsgálatához a NUTS3-as területi szintet vesszük alapul. Alapvető kérdésünk, hogy megfigyelhető-e felzárkózás, ha igen, akkor e területi szinten hasonló vagy nagyon eltérő mértékű volt? Az egy lakosra jutó, vásárlóerő-paritáson számolt bruttó hazai termék (GDP) alakulását elemezzük, a felzárkózás mértékében megfigyelhető egyenlőtlenségeket pedig az entrópián alapuló Theil-indexek segítségével vizsgáljuk. A megyék felzárkózását befolyásoló tényezők közül kettőt elemzünk részletesen: az országos folyamatok hatását, illetve a megye legnagyobb városának – mint potenciális agglomerációs előnnyel rendelkező településnek – lehetséges szerepét.

The research investigated the accumulation of malic acid and diacetyl in the white wines during the alcoholic fermentation of must with a Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine yeasts isolated by the author and Oenococcus oeni malolactic bacteria in a concentration of 106 CFU/mL. The two aroma compounds were detected and quantified in the resulting wines, making a comparison between the two technological systems, i.e.: co-inoculation of malolactic bacteria and sequential inoculation. Based on our determinations, it was ascertained that the Oenococcus oeni malolactic bacteria co-inoculation system in fermentative processes leads to a substantial reduction of malolactic bacteria and diacetyl concentrations. Thus, harmonious, balanced white wines are obtained, as specific to the area.

The examination focuses on the issue of path-dependence, which is considered to be the core concept of evolutionary economic geography emphasizing the importance of historical development. Although the notion of path-dependence is used both in negative and positive contexts, we place the latter in focus leaving room for changes, as we are interested in the question how the local economic base can be reinforced by the development of perspective activities. Our key question involves aspects of regional development, namely how medium-sized settlements can be positioned as hubs in the economic space dominated by large cities in the age of globalization. With regard to the opportunities for establishing localization-type agglomeration advantages, which are important for the generation of positive feedback mechanisms in the broadest sense, the healthcare industry appears to be a perspective research field in the case of our examined city, Debrecen. Not only significant traditions and remarkable weight does the sector represent in the economy of the city, but the development ideas. In our presentation we attempt to delineate the corporate and institutional actors of the local healthcare industry. On the other hand, the companies are examined in three temporal sections after the change of regime, in order to unfold the dynamic segments of the healthcare industry. Business registers and corporate databases of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office are analysed in addition to the evaluation of corporate reports, press releases and documents of economic development reinforcement of healthcare industry constitutes a columnar component of the local.

In the tumor microenvironment, adipocytes function as an alternate fuel source for cancer cells. However, whether adipocytes influence macromolecular biosynthesis in cancer cells is unknown. Here we systematically characterized the bidirectional interaction between primary human adipocytes and ovarian cancer (OvCa) cells using multi-platform metabolomics, imaging mass spectrometry, isotope tracing and gene expression analysis. We report that, in OvCa cells co-cultured with adipocytes and in metastatic tumors, a part of the glucose from glycolysis is utilized for the biosynthesis of glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P). Normoxic HIF1α protein regulates the altered flow of glucose-derived carbons in cancer cells, resulting in increased glycerophospholipids and triacylglycerol synthesis. The knockdown of HIF1α or G3P acyltransferase 3 (a regulatory enzyme of glycerophospholipid synthesis) reduced metastasis in xenograft models of OvCa. In summary, we show that, in an adipose-rich tumor microenvironment, cancer cells generate G3P as a precursor for critical membrane and signaling components, thereby promoting metastasis. Targeting biosynthetic processes specific to adipose-rich tumor microenvironments might be an effective strategy against metastasis.