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I analyze the inter vivo transfers and bequest decisions of 700,000 individuals during a period when the decision maker receives negative news regarding their life expectancy. The event that initiates the news is a health outcome. Expected mortality increases both the likelihood of transferring wealth to the next generation and the amount transferred. The size of the inter vivo transfer and bequest are positively related to the wealth of the parent and the severity of the diagnosis, regardless of diagnosis-specific demand for informal care. Using a structural life cycle model, I estimate the bequest parameters that are consistent with the causal effect estimates. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix , which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses how events of political violence in the distant past affect the outbreak of terrorism in the present. Civil wars leave a legacy of distrust that can persist through generations, paving the way to violent responses to perceived threats. We claim that part of the explanation for the counterintuitive terrorism phenomenon in a prosperous and relatively egalitarian region such as the Basque Country (and, potentially, other cases of terrorism) lies in the legacies of political violence in the distant past. Those communities where support for Carlism, one of the warring factions in nineteenth-century civil wars, was strong, were more likely to support terrorism a century later. The article also shows that the transmission of these legacies was robust in communities that have remained largely isolated in the century that separates the civil war from the terrorism of the 1970s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a follow-up to my (linguistic) close-reading of Jane Austen's Will, this paper analyses the Wills of her mother and sister, Cassandra Austen-Leigh and Cassandra Elizabeth Austen. The dates of these Wills as well as their contents demonstrate the particular concerns of these two testators, both in drawing up legally valid documents and to make sure that their – eventually – not inconsiderable possessions would go to the right legatees. In doing so, the (invalid but nevertheless officially proved) Will of their famous family member set an important example. At the same time, the contents of the Wills, and especially the one by Cassandra, show consideration with the needs of unmarried – or otherwise husbandless – women that were part of their social network, friends as well as dependants. This consideration reveals awareness of the existence of a parallel social world to that described by Jane Austen in her novels, where women who would not or could not marry gained some financial security through their relatives' Wills. Following up references to people mentioned in the Will, such as the daughter of Henry Austen's housekeeper, Mary Perigord, moreover, demonstrates the importance of Late Modern English Wills as an insufficiently explored text type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyze the implications of dynastic altruism in an overlapping generations (OLG) model with consumption externalities and where parents influence their children's concern for relative standing in consumption through their saving behavior. The degree of altruism for which individuals leave bequests can be both larger or smaller than in an economy without intergenerational transmission of preferences. The optimal allocation exhibits a stationary capital stock larger than the one corresponding to the economy without transmission of preferences. Even when the bequest motive is operative, the intertemporal allocation is suboptimal. We characterize the optimal policy under the two regimes of the bequest motive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis article examines the historical and contemporary contexts of sanitation services in South Africa. Drawing on colonial and apartheid-era policies, the paper shows how segregation and social class have significantly shaped sanitation delivery in the country. Despite post-1994 policy initiatives to expand services to all South Africans and decentralise governance structures, the paper notes that the legacies of colonial planning and politics complicate meaningful sanitary reforms. It argues that to improve sanitation in informal settlements, it is crucial to contextualise the past legacies and consider the current socio-economic and political progress in urban South Africa. The paper concludes by highlighting the need for comprehensive and integrated approaches to sanitation that consider the issue’s complex historical and contemporary contexts.

The article focuses on the bicentenary commemoration of the New South Wales, Australia, Legislative Council, and its historical significance & opportunity for reflection, celebration & future imagining. Topics include the establishment of the Legislative Council in 1824 & its evolution over 200 years; engagement with First Nations peoples to acknowledge complex historical legacies; and planned events & initiatives aimed at fostering youth participation and envisioning the future of democracy.

Synthesizing various studies that follow technology beyond innovation and use, this article aims to continue widening the scope of history of technology toward this perspective. It argues that we must follow technology through time and—in addition to its use—its maintenance and repair, while also addressing its so-called afterlife, encompassing topics such as reuse, reconfiguration and/or restoration, decline or deliberate ruination, abandonment, and removal and/or remains. Recent studies of these issues underscore that the temporality of technology does not end with the end of its use, suggesting instead multilayered temporalities. History of technology is thus challenged to rethink some of its established and largely unquestioned approaches, such as the "innovation timeline", the model of "technology diffusion and substitution", and "lifecycle" metaphors borrowed from twentieth-century theories of economic growth and innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gishimangeda Cave, near Lake Eyasi in northern Tanzania, exemplifies many challenges inherent in studying poorly documented "legacy collections" in African archaeology. The archaeological assemblage of at least twelve human individuals and associated artifacts was excavated in 1967 for primarily physical anthropological purposes. However, it has been difficult to link the materials to archaeological contexts or chronology. Recently, ancient DNA analysis of eleven individuals, eight of whom yielded direct dates of the later third millennium and early second millennium BP, has reinvigorated interest in what the site can reveal about social processes during the Pastoral Neolithic era (~5000–1200 years before present) and the transition to food production in eastern Africa. Here, we present an in-depth investigation of the history of research and excavation, and we provide descriptions of the human skeletal remains and material culture at Gishimangeda Cave and their archaeological contexts reconstructed using archival documents and photographs. Osteological analyses reveal individuals' lived experiences and health. Three individuals have bilateral lesions on their petrous pyramids consistent with chronic otitis media, a condition that has yet to be archaeologically documented in eastern Africa. Through the analysis of the artifacts, we establish connections between Gishimangeda Cave and broadly contemporaneous herder and forager communities in the Lake Eyasi Basin. This case study illustrates the challenges and potential benefits of working with legacy collections in African archaeology. The article contributes to wider discussions in archaeology and museum studies about museum collections and the evolving ethical and scholarly obligations to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impacts of Brazil's independence and its subsequent deployment throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries were very strong in neighboring South American countries, with greater consequences in the case of Uruguay, given its smallness, especially demographically, and its geopolitical location as a border state between Brazil and Argentina. From a critical assumption on the categories of Independence and Nation, the proposed text proposes to examine the Uruguayan view on the process of Brazilian independence and its modern political experience, questioning some classic topics of the origins of independent Brazil (its imperial heritage, its horizontal foundation, the peculiarities of its influence on neighboring states, among others). The text will also examine the multiple impacts of this process in the parallel framework of the progressive constitution of the Uruguayan state from colonial times to the beginning of the 20th century, with the consideration of numerous milestones of interaction and influence. Based on this road map, the text ends with a final part that synthetically records some "long-lasting" challenges of this original mark in the asymmetrical relations between Brazil and Uruguay in the region.

The play Rosmersholm, one of the social plays aimed at the upper class of society, the clergy, simulates the Norwegian reality on a narrow level in conveying the situation surrounding Rosmersholm. The play begins with the loss of one of its pillars, which is the pastor's wife, Rosmer. The play consists of four chapters and is a social epic that conveys a state of salvation, socio-religious liberation and adherence resulting from family legacies that turn a person towards what he does not aspire to. This study aims to research the symbolism of the spiritual personality and its behaviours to present this type of class that remained closed for a long time and cannot be explored by the general public. It also provides an analytical study of free personalities, resulting in knowledge of the extent of the influence of religion and freedom on individuals. At that time, these two types of characters were considered incompatible and did not meet due to the nature of the religious symbol, closed in on itself, and its distance from religiosity and the church. Combining them together leads to one of the following results: - Aversion. - Convergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to [Tomaselli, Keyan, and Xiao Yao. 2023. "Cultural Studies in Interhemispherical Perspective. China, Africa, Asia and Australasia." Critical Arts. doi: ], this work locates the status of Cultural Studies as an export' and "import" discipline in the wake of the Birmingham School being subject to two "restructures." It is argued that in the face of inevitable audit cultures in the neoliberal University, the classics remain relevant for the purposes of preserving the legacies of Cultural Studies as a discipline of "export" rather than "import". At a time when there are regimes of authoritarian governance curtailing academic freedom in Asian countries, I suggest that there is promise in the materialist and post-materialist perspectives found in Cultural Studies which facilitates the engagement of issues affecting wider publics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, the author discusses the importance of French studies in modern society and why stakeholders should reinvest in shared inheritance of global French. Other topics include canonicity as a medievalist working in Old French and Old Occitan, the mediality of medieval studies, and her experiences in learning ancient and European languages like French, German, and Latin.

Every year, salmon return to their natal streams to spawn. Their return represents an ecosystem subsidy of nutrients and energy from the sea to the land; these materials feed into terrestrial food webs, plant communities, and forest soils. Here we test the long term effects of salmon inputs on soil fertility by sampling soils from Haíɫzaqv (Heiltsuk) Nation territory on the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada. A total of 20 soil chemical properties were assessed via two sampling methodologies: first, across 23 watersheds representing a regional gradient of salmon density (kg of salmon per meter of stream reach per year); and second, at four sites above and below waterfalls that blocked salmon migration. At each sampling point, soil material at two depths was collected. Multivariate analysis regional gradient showed salmon density, the moss community, and the shrub community to be significant factors related to soil chemistry. Similarly, being above or below the waterfall, the moss community, and the tree community were significant in the waterfall comparison. Generalized linear mixed models along regional salmon density gradient showed an increase in nitrate (NO3−) correlated with salmon inputs (p

This article investigates the use of sports mega-events by nations in East Asia to leverage 'soft power'. The focus is on Japan and its 'soft power' strategies, building on existing work by adding a novel tripartite analysis to understand Japan's domestic, regional and international rationale for hosting sports mega-events. The empirical data for this study is drawn from government documents and bespoke in-depth interviews (N = 10) with experts involved in sport. This, alongside engagement with the extant literature in the field, allows a more nuanced understanding of Japan's rationale behind hosting the 1964 Tokyo Olympics, the 2019 Rugby World Cup and the city's second hosting of an Olympics, the 2020(1) summer Games. Key findings include the use of sports mega-events to 'open up' Japan's society and bolster domestic politics, to maintain their regional status competing with China and South Korea and to improve the nation's global status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the emotional journey of dismantling a household, specifically diving into the profound story behind writer Martin Raschke's library dissolution and its intimate connection to his life. It delves into Martin Raschke's library lineage, spanning a century, highlighting familial connections, and illuminating his life in Dresden, Germany, portraying the Veilchenweg house as a haven safeguarding his literary legacy and tragic demise during World War II.

Past research demonstrates that reminders of one's own mortality can lead to materialistic and self-serving consumer behaviors. In contrast, across five studies, we explore a condition under which mortality salience (MS) leads to increased tendency to give away one's possessions—when the donation act is high in transcendence potential. We propose and find that consumers are more likely to donate their possessions to charity under MS (vs. comparison conditions) when the product is considered highly (vs. not highly) connected to the self. Moreover, we demonstrate that this tendency manifests only when transcendence is attainable through donation. In support of the proposition of transcendence as the underlying mechanism, the observed effects are attenuated under conditions where: (1) transcendence has already been satiated via alternative means or (2) the donated possession will not transcend the self (i.e. its physical integrity is lost by being broken down and recycled). The theoretical and practical implications of the work are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the concept of social leverage has been a key component of research on mega sport events, authors know little about how the initial partnership between stakeholders of the event allows for social leveraging prior to the event. Thus, the purpose of this study is to understand what intentions stakeholders of a newly formed interorganizational relationship for the 2019 Federation of International Basketball Associations World Cup have toward social leverage initiatives and whether they coordinate such efforts with other stakeholders. Data were collected through two rounds of interviews with high-ranking leaders in the stakeholder organizations. The authors found that social leverage is not part of the early planning for the event because (a) different stakeholders/organizations have little knowledge of social leverage, (b) the media amplifies current values and beliefs of the interorganizational relationship stakeholders, and (c) the Chinese culture has an implicit/explicit influence on the interorganizational relationship. The study contributes to our understanding of challenges surrounding social leveraging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research was to describe temporal variations in Rio residents' support for the 2016 Olympic Games and in the relationship between perceptions of legacies and support for the event. Drawing on social exchange theory, perceptions (expectations and evaluations) of tangible, intangible, and environmental legacies should affect support intentions. A longitudinal trend study was designed. Four multistage stratified random samples of Rio residents were surveyed in 2012 (n = 900), 2014 (n = 900), 2016 (n = 723), and 2018 (n = 550). Results showed that perceptions of legacies and support for Rio 2016 Olympic Games decreased progressively from 2012 to 2018. In the early stages of preparation (2012 and 2014), expectations of intangible and environmental legacies were predictors of support. In the year of the event and 2 years after the event, perceptions of tangible legacies were predictors of support. Longitudinal findings show that, to gain support, organizers promise unattainable legacies, which then lead to dwindling support, as they fail to deliver them. Findings suggest that organizers' plans and actions of sport mega-events must change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of the article was to describe how the legacy of Woman's Choir Milko Škoberne Jesenice was processed in the library of Music School Jesenice. Methodology/approach: If we want to process a legacy, then we must first know as much as possible about the legacy itself. Therefore, in the first part we described the history of Women's Choir Milko Škoberne Jesenice. We collected the data about the choir in local newspapers and also some former choir singers helped us to obtain the data through the telephone interviews. In the second part of the research the chronological presentation of the processing of the legacy of Woman's Choir Milko Škoberne Jesenice is described. Results: The result of the first part is a short history of the choir. The result of the second part is a collective bibliographic record for the legacy of Woman's Choir Milko Škoberne Jesenice in the system COBISS. Research limitation: The first limitation presented the fact that the choir no longer exists. The second limitation presented the fact that we had no experience regarding collective bibliographic records. Originality/practical implications: We wanted to collect the data about Woman's Choir Milko Škoberne from Jesenice in one place and to present this special collection that is a part of library collection. We also wanted to show how data on such a special collection can be entered in system COBISS as an example for future work in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent wave of research in political science examines the past using statistical methods for causal inference and formal theory—a field widely known as historical political economy (HPE). We examine the development of this field. Our survey reveals three common uses of history in HPE: understanding the past for its own sake, using history as a way to understand the present, and using history as a setting to explore theoretical conjectures. We present important work in each area and discuss trade-offs of each approach. We further identify key practical and analytical challenges for scholars of HPE, including the accessibility of data that do exist and obstacles to inference when they do not. Looking to the future, we see improved training for scholars entering the field, a heightened focus on the accumulation of knowledge, and greater attention to underexplored topics such as race, gender, ethnicity, and climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Could imperial rule affect state institutions at the national, regional, and local level differently? No systematic theory to answer this question exists, which is surprising given the importance that is attributed to foreign rule for political-administrative organization around the world. The effectiveness of imperial rule may differ along the administrative hierarchy because empires are often subject to financial constraints, limits on organizational capabilities, and informational asymmetries. Therefore, a commonly used approach—aggregation at the national level—may yield erroneous findings about colonial legacies by ignoring vital nuances. To address this gap, I develop a novel theory of imperial pervasiveness and test it through a number of statistical analyses. Leveraging an original dataset of citizen perceptions of state institutions in Romania, this study reveals vastly different long-term effects of historical Habsburg rule at the regional and local levels. The results indicate that we need to rethink the study of colonial origins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]