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Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Enfermería Neonatal is the property of Fundacion para la Salud Materno Infantil (FUNDASAMIN) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The establishment of the newborn's intestinal microbiota is a crucial process that occurs during birth and breastfeeding, playing a fundamental role in the development of the immune system and the health of the baby throughout its life. In this short review we present the main components of the neonatal microbiota and give a general overview of their effect on the development of the immune response in the intestine of the newborn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Paulista de Enfermagem is the property of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Enfermería Neonatal is the property of Fundacion para la Salud Materno Infantil (FUNDASAMIN) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Enfermagem Brasil is the property of Atlantica Editora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La leche materna donada es un recurso de alto valor que puede ser utilizado para la alimentación de neonatos hospitalizados y a término, por tanto, garantizar su inocuidad es imperativo. Esta revisión de literatura reúne los principales peligros de naturaleza física, química y microbiológica identificados en leche materna, con la intención de proveer una referencia que los consolide de tal forma que la información pueda ser utilizada por bancos de leche humana, gobiernos y agencias regulatorias para establecer mecanismos para su prevención y control. Se realizó una revisión de literatura entre agosto del 2021 y octubre del 2022, utilizando buscadores y descriptores específicos para peligros de transmisión alimentaria en leche materna. Se incluyeron estudios publicados en español o en inglés. Se identificaron 31 agentes biológicos patógenos incluyendo bacterias, virus y parásitos. Como peligros químicos se reportaron medicamentos, drogas, cafeína, infusiones herbales, micotoxinas, alérgenos, especias, suplementos nutricionales, contaminantes ambientales y desinfectantes. Se alerta sobre la presencia potencial de plástico y vidrio de tamaño menor a 7 mm proveniente del ambiente de extracción y recipientes. La presencia de peligros microbiológicos y químicos en leche materna puede darse por transmisión vertical, temperaturas inadecuadas durante el almacenamiento y contaminación en el proceso. La presencia de peligros físicos se relaciona con la manipulación de los implementos en etapas posteriores a la extracción. Se requiere prestar atención a los hábitos de la madre para prevenir peligros químicos, así como más investigación relacionada con micotoxinas en leche materna.

Copyright of Enfermería Neonatal is the property of Fundacion para la Salud Materno Infantil (FUNDASAMIN) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Exclusive breastfeeding, without the incorporation of foods other than breast milk, is sufficient for the growth, development, and strengthening of the infant's immune system in the first 6 months of life. OBJECTIVE: To determine the factors associated with the interruption of exclusive breastfeeding according to the Peruvian Demographic and Family Health Survey during 2021. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional analytical study including 11296 mothers of infants older than 6 months. The dependent variable was exclusive breastfeeding interruption and the independent variables were the sociodemographic characteristics of the mother and infant. Absolute and relative frequencies were described, together with bivariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: A total of 11,296 mothers with children aged six months or older were included. A total of 26.2% of mothers discontinued exclusive breastfeeding. The associated factors were: mothers with higher educational level (aPR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.06-2.27) and single infant (aPR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.01-1.20). Protective factors were found to be: residing in the jungle (aPR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.71-0.84), indigenous native language (aPR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.75-0.91), receiving breastfeeding training (aPR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.82-0.94) and having health insurance (aPR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.84-0.97). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding interruption is low. The associated sociodemographic variables were mother's secondary or higher education level, living on the coast, medium or rich family wealth index, not receiving breastfeeding training, infant being an only child and not having health insurance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complementary feeding (CF) is defined as the feeding of infants that complements breastfeeding, or alternatively, feeding with a breast milk substitute, and is a process that is more than simply a guide as to what and how to introduce foods. The information provided by healthcare professionals must be up-to-date and evidence-based. Most of the recommendations that appear in the different international guidelines and position papers are widely applicable, but some must be regionalized or adapted to fit the conditions and reality of each geographic zone. The Nutrition Working Group of the Latin American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (LASPGHAN) summoned a group of experts from each of the society’s member countries, to develop a consensus on CF, incorporating, whenever possible, local information adapted to the reality of the region. The aim of the present document is to show the results of that endeavor. Utilizing the Delphi method, a total of 34 statements on relevant aspects of CF were evaluated, discussed, and voted upon. Resumen: La alimentación complementaria (AC) se define como la alimentación de los lactantes que complementa a la lactancia humana o en su defecto, a la lactancia con un sucedáneo de la leche humana, y es un proceso que va más allá de simplemente una guía sobre qué y cómo introducir los alimentos. La información brindada por parte de los profesionales de la salud debe ser actualizada y basada en evidencia. Existen diferentes guías o documentos de posición a nivel internacional, que, aunque la mayoría de las recomendaciones pueden ser aplicables, hay algunas otras que requieren una regionalización o adecuación a las condiciones y realidad de cada zona. El grupo de trabajo de Nutrición de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátrica convocó a un grupo de expertos, representantes de cada uno de los países que conforman la sociedad, con el objetivo de desarrollar un consenso sobre AC, que incorporó cuando así fue posible, información local que se adapte a la realidad de la región. El objetivo de este documento es mostrar los resultados de dicho trabajo. A través de metodología Delphi, se evaluaron, discutieron y votaron un total de 34 declaraciones o enunciados con respecto a aspectos relevantes de la AC.

Copyright of Revista de Salud Pública is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Salud Pública is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición is the property of Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nutricion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Espaço Para a Saúde is the property of Faculdades Pequeno Principe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología is the property of Fundacion Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Enfermería Neonatal is the property of Fundacion para la Salud Materno Infantil (FUNDASAMIN) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Nutrición Clínica y Dietética Hospitalaria is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Dietetica y Ciencias de la Alimentacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gaceta Médica de Caracas is the property of Academia Nacional de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Yerba mate intake is conditioned by assumptions about its benefits and risks for breastfeeding, with a lack of solid evidence. Objective: To evaluate the safety of yerba mate teas during human lactation. Material and methods: Cross-sectional study with 279 adult lactating women from Argentina (years 2013-2020), during the first six months postpartum, without current pregnancy or active pathologies. Social, reproductive, and food data were compiled. Body mass index and percentage of body fat were also established. The adherence to dietary patterns, intake of yerba mate and its phytochemicals were estimated. Milk biochemistry included nutritional, oxidative and tissue markers. Intake means were compared using the Wilcoxon's test depending on the data recorded, while the multiple nonparametric Kernel regression was used to evaluate the effects on body and milk. Results: It was found a wide range of intake, and tube-sipped tea was the main way of consumption. Concerning its constraints, in-cup tea was more used by women without a partner, whereas tube-sipped tea was consumed mainly by employed women, during late postpartum, and with 12 or more years of formal education. Additionally, these teas were an important source of 18 hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonoids. Moreover, yerba mate provided more than 35% of dietary polyphenols. No anthropometric effects or changes in milk nutrients and biomarkers were found. Conclusions: Yerba mate was a safe source of polyphenols, as it did not compromise lactation and maternal nutritional status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Avances en Enfermería is the property of Editorial Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: los bebés deben beneficiarse de la leche materna, incluso cuando presentan intolerancia a la lactosa. Por esto, se debe recurrir a la obtención de leche materna deslactosada. Objetivo: analizar el efecto de la enzima beta galactosidasa en la hidrólisis de la lactosa de leche materna madura para bebés clínicamente diagnosticados con intolerancia a la lactosa. Materiales y método: estudio exploratorio, descriptivo y explicativo. El contenido de lactosa se cuantificó desde el inicio hasta el final del tratamiento, controlando temperatura, tiempos y cantidad de enzima ß-galactosidasa adicionada en la leche materna. Se recolectaron 1.000 ml de leche materna, obtenidos del Banco de Leche del Hospital General de Medellín (Antioquia, Colombia). Resultados: las muestras donadas se encontraban pasteurizadas y posteriormente fueron sometidas a la acción de la enzima lactasa. Se cuantificó el contenido de lactosa sin la enzima, reportando en promedio 6,34 mg/100 ml ± 0,23. El mayor aporte de lactosa obtenido posterior a la exposición a la enzima (30 minutos) fue de 6,07 mg/ml ± 0,35 (correspondiente a 95 % del contenido inicial), finalizando con un aporte de 0,35 % a una concentración de 0,4 % tras 24 horas, porcentaje que representa 95 % de la hidrólisis total en la leche materna. Conclusiones: en todas las muestras analizadas de diferentes madres se pudo obtener leche materna con bajas concentraciones de lactosa tras 24 horas de haber sido sometidas a la acción de ß-galactosidasa. Lo anterior se establece como una alternativa para los bebés intolerantes a la lactosa, que permitiría no privarlos de todos los beneficios que ofrece este alimento.

Introducción: La lactancia materna exclusiva (LME) disminuye la morbimortalidad en niños lactantes. La prevalencia de LME en Ecuador es de 58.4%. No existe información disponible de cómo las restricciones aplicadas por la pandemia por COVID-19 han impactado en los hábitos de LME, por lo que este estudio tiene como objetivo determinar la prevalencia de LME durante el periodo de confinamiento y sus factores asociados. Métodos: El presente estudio longitudinal, fue realizado en la clínica “Santa Bárbara” de Quito-Ecuador, de abril a junio del 2020, con una muestra no probabilística de madres de lactantes de niños sanos. Se describe la edad, estado civil, instrucción, actividad laboral, controles prenatales, tipo de parto, prácticas perinatales, control del niño sano, consejería prenatal- postnatal y LME. La asociación se presenta como odds ratio. Resultados: 114 participantes con LME del 54.4% (62 madres). La consejería prenatal fue un factor protector OR 0.458 (IC 95% 0.216 -0.97) P = 0.045 para la presencia de LME. El uso de sucedáneos de leche materna al alta fue un factor de riesgo para la pérdida de LME, OR 2.46 (IC 95% 1.12-5.42) P=0.025. Los problemas médicos del lactante fueron un factor de riesgo para la pérdida de LME, OR 5.92 (IC 95% 2.62-13.37) P

Objective: to identify the knowledge about breastfeeding of women who participate in virtual groups hosted on Facebook. Method: qualitative research, with an exploratory and descriptive nature, conducted from September to November 2020, with 15 women who participate in groups registered on Facebook that address the theme of breastfeeding. Data were collected using Google Forms and, subsequently, submitted to content analysis. Results: the participants demonstrated knowledge about the benefits of breastfeeding, latching and the correct positioning at the breast. They understand the concept of exclusive breastfeeding and free demand. The recurrent speech as a motivator for participating in the virtual groups is based on the search for knowledge. Conclusion: health education has its importance reaffirmed by the participants when they pointed out that the information on breastfeeding was predominantly obtained through health services and strategies, such as courses/pregnant women's groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To understand and interpret the experiences of nursing teachers in the practice of Breastfeeding (BF) Methodology: Text narrative and context in this way the participants have every opportunity to report Results: Two experiences composed of 6 narratives, where evidence that the health team is responsible for encouraging and promoting the mother's BF Conclusion: The profile of the health professional is to enrich the knowledge and actions that help the autonomy of mothers in the care of their children and their self-care Although it is a physiological process, it needs learning and proper monitoring for it to be successful, which is influenced by a variety of factors that must be taken into account when dealing with breastfeeding families, both in clinical and community settings. Education remains a powerful tool, which must be used to create a true BF culture in our societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Paulista de Enfermagem is the property of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) are critical for infant growth and development, particularly arachidonic acid (ARA, C20:4n-6) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3). ARA and DHA are components of cell membrane phospholipids and play an important role in cell division, differentiation, and signaling; and DHA is the n-3 fatty acid predominant in the developing brain and retina. During the third trimester of pregnancy, LC-PUFAs increase substantially in fetal circulation, and a "biomagnification" process in the fetal brain is observed. Moreover, LC-PUFAs are precursors of eicosanoids and metabolites, which modulate the intensity and duration of the immune response. LC-PUFA synthesis implies complex desaturation and elongation processes on their principal precursors, linoleic acid (LA) (18:3 n-6) (series n-6) and α-linolenic acid (LNA) (20:3 n-3) (series n-3), where fatty acid desaturases (FADS) and elongases (ELOVL) are competing. It is important to notice that during the first months of life, as a consequence of low enzymatic activity, LC-PUFA synthesis from LA and LNA is reduced, especially in those infants carrying variations in the FADS and ELOVL genes, which are involved in LC-PUFA synthesis, and so they are unable to supply their own DHA and ARA needs. Homozygote infants for FADS haplotype A (97 % of the Latinoamerican population) show low levels of ARA (only 43 %) and DHA (only 24 %) when compared to those carrying haplotype D (more prevalent in Europe, Africa and Asia). Human milk is the only source of LA, LNA, ARA, and DHA for the neonate and infant till complementary feeding (CF) is introduced. Infants fed with infant formulas must receive enough amounts of LA, LNA, ARA, and DHA to cover their nutritional requirements. The new guidelines by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (2016) recommend that infant formulas and follow-on formulas must contain 20-50 mg of DHA/100 kcal (0.5-1 % of total fatty acids, which is higher than in human milk and the majority of infant formulas in the market), and it is not necessary to add ARA. This new regulation, which is already applicable since February 2020, has resulted in profound controversy because there is no scientific evidence about its appropriateness and safety for healthy children. Then, different international expert groups have revised the research already published about the effects of ARA and DHA addition to infant formulas, and discussed different emerging questions from this European directive. The expert group led from the University of Granada (Spain) recommends the addition of ARA in similar or higher concentrations than those of DHA, at least equal to those present in human milk (0.3 % of total fatty acids), although preferably 0.5 % and up to around 0.64 % of total fatty acids, since new studies confirm the optimal intake of ARA and DHA during the different developmental stages. This recommendation could be of particular importance for infants carrying the haplotype A of FADS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Actualmente existe una reducida práctica de lactancia materna en Colombia, cuyos indicadores se han tratado de mejorar con estrategias de salud pública como la donación a través de bancos de leche humana (blh), la cual ha tenido dificultades para su implementación en el país. Esta investigación pretende develar la construcción social de la práctica de donación de leche humana desde la mirada de las madres lactantes, para comprender las razones que tienen para donar o no en los blh y de esta manera establecer estrategias pertinentes y con reconocimiento en la cotidianidad para la promoción de la donación. Esta investigación tuvo como propósito identificar las representaciones sociales sobre la donación de leche materna en mujeres lactantes de cuatro ciudades de Colombia (Pasto, Zipaquirá, Bogotá y Medellín) en las que funcionan blh. El estudio se abordó desde un enfoque metodológico mixto, con la utilización de diversas técnicas, tales como: evocación jerarquizada, encuesta, entrevista semiestructurada y diario de campo. En este artículo se presentan los resultados obtenidos en la evocación jerarquizada, en la cual participaron 199 madres lactantes, de las ciudades antes mencionadas, mayores de 18 años y con hijos menores de 12 meses, clasificadas en cuatro grupos de acuerdo con su experiencia y conocimiento del proceso de donación de leche humana. Los resultados muestran que confluyen tres componentes principales para entender la donación de leche humana, que son: el vínculo amoroso madre-hijo, la donación como un acto de altruismo, y el valor saludable y nutricional que se le concede a la leche materna. Los componentes de las representaciones sociales de la donación de leche humana son instaurados por la importancia que tiene el grupo de menores de 2 años para la sociedad; a este alimento le atribuyen el significado de ser “el mejor” para los bebés por su aporte nutricional, lo cual influye en su estado de salud, nutricional y en su crecimiento. El uso de la técnica de evocación jerarquizada en el área de la salud permite profundizar en la estructura y organización de la representación social y genera información fundamental para formular estrategias que sensibilicen sobre el proceso de donación de leche humana en Colombia.

Introduction: Omega-3 long-chain, polyunsaturated fatty acids are essential, so they must be provided through the diet, as their biological synthesis is limited, making it essential to meet their requirements during physiological stages such as pregnancy and lactation. A narrative review was conducted on the effects of omega-3 supplementation during pregnancy and lactation on the fatty acid composition of breast milk in the first months of life. Eight randomized clinical studies were analyzed, showing a significant increase in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) concentration in breast milk (BM) post-supplementation, compared to control groups. One study evaluated the dose needed to achieve 8 % DHA in erythrocytes and 1 % DHA in BM, reaching these levels with a supplementation close to 1 g of docosahexaenoic acid + eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Finally, a trial was found that used supplementation with small lipid contributions (0,59 g α-linolenic acid (ALA)), without generating significant changes in the DHA composition of LM, but in the ALA content. Therefore, it is inferred that omega-3 supplementation beneficially modifies DHA and EPA levels in the composition of BM in pregnant women and during the lactation stage, although further studies are needed to identify doses, times, beneficial effects on development, and more efficient forms of delivery of omega-3 supplementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Sociologia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Departamento de Sociologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: La leche materna ha sido considerada como el alimento ideal a ser administrado de forma exclusiva en lactantes hasta los 6 meses. Su utilización se ha asociado a disminución de la morbilidad y mortalidad infantil. Objetivo: Determinar las fortalezas y debilidades que inciden en la implementación de la lactancia materna exclusiva en madres pertenecientes a la provincia de Chimborazo. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en 171 madres, a las cuales se les aplicó un cuestionario que permitió obtener información relacionada con sus características generales, así como las fortalezas y debilidades que influyeron en la implementación de la lactancia materna exclusiva. Resultados: Promedio de edad de 27 años; predominaron las pacientes casadas (54,38 %), con primaria terminada (46,78 %) y con un único hijo (39,19 %). El 54,38 % de las madres aplicó correctamente la lactancia materna exclusiva. La fortaleza que mayor significación presentó fue la relacionada con el mejor crecimiento de los niños (88,17 %) y la debilidad más referida fue la falta de descanso de la madre (24,36 %). Conclusiones: Existen bajos niveles de utilización de la lactancia materna exclusiva motivados por debilidades como la falta de descanso de la madre, el dolor en los pezones al lactar y la falta de información sobre lactancia materna exclusiva. Las fortalezas para su uso incluyen fundamentalmente el mejor crecimiento y desarrollo del niño, la prevención de enfermedades y la desnutrición.

Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de conocimiento sobre lactancia materna exclusiva en madres primíparas atendidas por teleconsulta del Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal en año 2020 y sus factores asociados. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de enfoque cuantitativo, diseño descriptivo, observacional, transversal, prospectivo y analítico. la población se compuso de un total de 1000 madres primíparas atendidas por teleconsulta en el Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, tomando una muestra representativa de 240 participantes. Se empleo un instrumento confiable y valido para medir el conocimiento en lactancia materna exclusiva, se realizaron pruebas estadísticas de asociación y un modelo de regresión de Poisson bivariado y múltiple para obtener la razón de prevalencias crudas y ajustadas y sus intervalos de confianza al 95% para los factores asociados y las categorías de lactancia materna exclusiva. Resultados: se encontró un 75.7% de nivel de conocimiento sobre lactancia materna exclusiva alto, con IC95% de 69.5% - 81.1%. Se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa para las variables gestante añosa (RPa 1.21 IC95% 1.05 – 1.39) y grado de instrucción superior (RPa 1.22 IC95% 1.02 – 1.44) Conclusiones: un nivel de instrucción alto y la gestación añosa se identificaron como factores asociados a un nivel de conocimiento alto sobre lactancia materna exclusiva en madre primíparas atendidas por teleconsulta del Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal en año 2020

Introduction: the virtues of breast milk as the only food in children up to 6 months have been universally studied because the viral antibodies present in breast milk have action against: rotavirus, which is the most common causal agent of diarrhea, polyvirus, causal agents of polio, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) main causative agent of infant bronchiolitis. Objective: identify causes related to the abandonment of exclusive breastfeeding in children under one year of age in a polyclinic in Manzanillo. Methodology: An observational, descriptive and retrospective study was carried out, with 30 children under one year of age born in the first four months of 2019 at the Manzanillo Polyclinic No. 1. The main variables were: type of breastfeeding received up to 6 months, causes for abandoning exclusive breastfeeding, some maternal risk factors, and some illnesses they suffered. Descriptive statistics were used for data processing. Results: artificial lactation (33.3%) predominated as a form of feeding and exclusive breastfeeding (56.6%) in the first semester of life, the most frequent causes for early abandonment were hypogalactia (53.9) and distrust in its effectiveness (23.1%). Maternal age (38.5%) and occupation (84.6%) were the maternal factors that were most related to the early abandonment of exclusive breastfeeding and the presence of respiratory diseases (61.5%). Conclusions: Infants weaned early had a greater presence of diseases than those adequately breastfed, which ensures that breastfeeding, provides innumerable health benefits. The causes of abandonment were related to subjective aspects of the mother.

Introducción: Los lípidos de la leche materna (LM) están constituidos por diferentes ácidos grasos (AG) de vital importancia para el bebé. El contenido y tipo de AG de la leche humana puede variar según las reservas de grasa maternas. El propósito de este estudio fue determinar la relación entre el estado nutricional antropométrico de un grupo de mujeres lactantes y el perfil de AG de su LM madura. Material y métodos: El estudio fue descriptivo, transversal y correlacional. El estado nutricional se evaluó en 50 mujeres sanas, a quienes se les tomó una muestra de LM por extracción manual, con mínimo 1 mes de estar amamantando, residentes en Medellín, utilizando Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC), Circunferencia de Cintura (CC), Circunferencia de Brazo (CB) y Circunferencia de Muslo Medio (CMM). Las muestras de LM fueron analizadas por cromatografía de gases. Resultados: 26 (52 %) mujeres presentaron IMC entre sobrepeso y obesidad, 36 (72 %) CB > 27,1 cm, 32 (64 %) obesidad central según CC y 28 (56 %) presentó CMM > 50,1 cm. En cuanto a LM, los AG saturados arrojaron el mayor contenido 2,05 (0,77) g/100mL, y en los insaturados predominó el ácido linoléico 0,677 (0,31) g/100mL y sus isómeros 0,97 (0,58) g/100mL. No se encontró correlación significativa (p >0,05) entre IMC y el total de los AG saturados, monoinsaturados, poliinsaturados y grasa, aunque IMC se correlacionó (r = 0,281) con los AG saturados de cadena corta y media de la LM y de igual manera CB (r = 0,308) y CMM (r = 0,298). Conclusiones: No se encontró correlación entre IMC y perfil de AG.La LM analizada tiene mayor cantidad de AG omega 6 y menor omega 3 respecto a las recomendaciones de ingesta en lactantes y la relación insaturados/saturados fue similar a otros estudios.

Introduction: Introduction: breast milk (MH) contains nutrients and bioactive compounds for child development, including probiotic bacteria, which contribute to intestinal maturation. This benefit accompanies the individual until adulthood. There are new methods such as spray drying that give this compound a good conservation without loss of microbiota. Objective: the aim of this study was to analyze the viability of lactic acid bacteria isolated from human milk with probiotic potential after the spray drying process, as well as to evaluate the possible adhesion in the colon of mice of the Balb/C strain after feeding them powdered human milk and a commercial formula milk. Method: we isolated and identified the presence of lactic acid bacteria with possible probiotic potential in powdered human milk using the MALDI-TOF MS technique. Powdered human milk and a commercial formula milk were fed to mice of the Bald/C strain for 14 weeks. Glucose level and weight were measured in the mice. The feces were collected to verify the presence of lactic bacteria. The mice were sacrificed and their intestines were weighed, isolating the lactic acid bacteria both from the intestines and from the feces. The strains isolated from mice fed human milk were evaluated for their probiotic potential, analyzing their ability to inhibit pathogens, resistance to pH, temperature, adhesion, and hydrophobicity. Results: the presence of Lactobacillus fermentum LH01, Lactobacillus rhamnosus LH02, Lactobacullis reuteri LH03, and Lactobacillus plantarum LH05 in powdered human milk was identified. All strains showed a possible probiotic profile due to the ability of bacteria to resist low pH, bile salts, and exposure to gastric enzymes, as well as their hydrophobicity and self-aggregation capacity, and their failure to show hemagglutination or hemolysis activity in a culture medium rich in erythrocytes. We observed that the consumption of powdered human milk prevented weight gain and constipation in mice. Conclusions: after spray drying, strains with possible probiotic potential may be preserved in human milk. The consumption of powdered human milk with probiotic bacteria prevents constipation and weight gain in mice, when compared to those fed a commercial formula milk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Enfermagem Digital Cuidado e Promoção da Saúde is the property of Revista Enfermagem Digital Cuidado e Promocao da Saude and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Complementary feeding (aC) is the introduction of solid or liquid foods other than human milk, into the child's diet, in order to cover energy and nutrient gaps. this stage represents a period of risk of malnutrition and stunting. Objective: to establish recommendations for healthy infants on when, with what, how and why to initiate complementary feeding Methods: systematic review of the literature, expert judgment and electronic search of databases between June 2019 and august 2020, using the words complementary and perceptive feeding. Results: the aC should be timely, nutritionally adequate, safe and perceptive, that is to respond in a warm and nutritious way to the signs of hunger and satiety of the infant. it should start at 6 months of age, provided that biological maturation is adequate, without reducing the breastfeeding. there is no food better than another to initiate complementary feeding, nor a certain sequence. the introduction of potentially allergenic foods should be made between 6 and 11 months and the use of sugar or salt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: human breastfeeding is essential to establish a true and enduring "early nutritional programming". exclusive and freely demanded during the first six months of life, it covers the macro and micronutrient requirements of the child, is important for its immunological, microbiological characteristics and for the consolidation of the affective bond between mother/child. Objectives: to find out what is published on its immune benefits, in early metabolic programming and benefits of prolonged breastfeeding. Methods: review of literature on established topics. the main findings published in books and journals are presented from studies conducted with proven scientific rigorousness. Results: it is paramount in the formation of the child's gut microbiota. breastfed newborns have 28% human milk bacteria and 10% from breast skin (areola); there are specific bacterial strains common between the mother intestine, human milk and the intestine of newborns, which shows the vertical transmission of maternal bacteria to the newborn. in recent years, it has been identified as a prevention factor for obesity in children and adolescents and some chronic noncommunicable diseases in adults. the hormones present in human milk, program the way in which the individual will use the energy consumed for the rest of life, which contributes to decrease its prevalence. Prolonged, it decreases the incidence of infections, lower the risk of obesity, strengthens the mother/child bond and strengthens the emotional and social development of the child. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: human breastfeeding helps prevent a considerable number of maternal/child deaths; it is one of the most sustainable and environmentally friendly elements of the food system. it offers children the best start in life and insurance for their future. Objectives: to update knowledge about the benefits of their practice, implementation of the humanization of birth, changes in the composition of human milk and factors that determine them. it brings benefits in the short and long term for the mother/child binomial. Methods: review of literature on established topics. the main findings published in books and journals are presented from studies conducted with proven scientific rigorousness. Results: human breastfeeding is a successful prevention strategy in high social impact and low-cost health. it is favored by the practice of humanized birth, which consists in the implementation of simple procedures: optimal clamping of the umbilical cord, immediate skin-to-skin contact between the mother and newborn and early onset of human breastfeeding (first hour of life). Colostrum plays an important role in the transition from intrauterine to extrauterine nutrition and in premature newborns of very low weight, it is recommended as a potential "immune therapy". Variations in human milk are reported depending on the duration of gestation, parity, lactation stage and during breasfeeding. in the child and mother, a longer duration of human breastfeeding has a decisive influence on their present and future health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Propósito de la revisión: El objetivo de la revisión es delinear el rol de la Lactancia materna en mujeres con sospecha o diagnóstico de COVID-19. Buscamos reportes en donde se incluye el rol de la microbiota de la leche materna bajo las condiciones de la pandemia de COVID-19. Recientes Hallazgos: Actualmente existen reportes de detección de anticuerpos contra SARS-CoV en la sangre del cordón umbilical y en la leche materna. La placenta tiene una expresión muy baja de los receptores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (ECA2) que parecen limitar la entrada de SARS-CoV-2 al feto. Extracto: El apego precoz del recién nacido a su madre y la lactancia materna en la primera hora después del nacimiento, al igual que el mantenimiento de la lactancia exclusiva en los primeros 6 meses de vida, garantizan un crecimiento y desarrollo adecuados, así como la protección inmunológica a enfermedades, especialmente respiratorias y digestivas. En el caso de madres con COVID-19, no se ha documentado transmisión vertical de la madre al hijo. No hay evidencia del virus en el líquido amniótico al momento del nacimiento de un bebé ni en la leche materna, por lo que se indica continuar la lactancia, pero cumpliendo rigurosamente las medidas de seguridad e higiene. Adicionalmente, se ha reportado que el tipo de parto y el manejo del mismo podrían estar implicados en el contagio por COVID-19, a través de sangre, heces fecales y otros.

Introduction: Breast milk is essential for human development, but it may contain toxics derived from environmental pollution, especially in mining areas. Objective: To assess the prevalence of mercury contamination in breast milk and factors associated with its transfer to nursing mothers living in municipalities with gold mining. Materials and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with 150 nursing mothers in four municipalities of Antioquia (El Bagre, Segovia, Remedios and Zaragoza) with a mining tradition. We surveyed these mothers to obtain information on their sociodemographic, occupational and environmental factors related to mercury, and we took breast milk, urine and hair samples. We calculated mercury level averages and the contamination prevalence per municipality. Results: Mercury average in breast milk was 2.5 (± standard deviation: 9.2) mg/L. The prevalence of mercury contamination in samples with a high level of mercury was 11.7%. Conclusion: This study shows that there is a serious problem of mercury contamination in gold mining regions of Antioquia, with significant involvement of the most vulnerable population.

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RESUMEN Introducción: La leche materna ha sido considerada como el alimento ideal a ser administrado de forma exclusiva en lactantes hasta los 6 meses y su consumo se ha asociado a la disminución de la morbilidad y mortalidad infantil. Objetivo: Determinar las fortalezas y debilidades que inciden en la implementación de la lactancia materna exclusiva en madres indígenas. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en 171 madres pertenecientes a la provincia de Chimborazo, a las cuales se les aplicó un cuestionario que permitió obtener información relacionada con sus características generales, así como las fortalezas y debilidades que influyeron en la implementación de la lactancia materna exclusiva. Resultados: Promedio de edad de 27 años; predominaron las pacientes casadas (54,38 %), con nivel educacional primario terminado (46,78 %) y con un único hijo (39,19 %); 54,38 % de las madres aplicó correctamente la lactancia materna exclusiva. La fortaleza que mayor significación presentó fue la relacionada con el mejor crecimiento de los niños (88,17 %) y la debilidad más referida fue la falta de descanso de la madre (24,36 %). Conclusiones: Existen bajos niveles del uso de la lactancia materna exclusiva motivados por debilidades como la falta de descanso de la madre, el dolor en los pezones al lactar y la falta de información sobre lactancia materna exclusiva. Las fortalezas para su uso incluyen fundamentalmente el mejor crecimiento y desarrollo del niño y la prevención de enfermedades y desnutrición.

Introduction: Introduction: breast milk is the first fundamental food of newborns and it provides all the sources of energy, nutrients and the immunological protection they need during their first months of life. Unfortunately, there are specific circumstances that imply that the mother cannot feed her baby correctly, since the mother's nutritional needs differ to a certain extent during different periods of life. Especially in breastfeeding, since nutritional needs are increased, due to the loss of nutrients, first by colostrum and then by breast milk. Objective: to demonstrate the influence of the diet of Mexican women on the nutritional quality and the presence of beneficial microorganisms in human milk. Methods: seventy descriptive surveys of nutrition and sampling of milk to women in nursing state were carried out. The milks were subjected to various bromatological and microbiological analyzes to evaluate their nutritional quality and possible probiotic activity. Results: it was shown that the mother's food intake influences the nutritional quality of the milk. Likewise, it affects the development and growth of lactic acid bacteria. Several strains were isolated and identified in human milk of the genus Lactobacillus, as well as pathogenic bacteria such as Lodderomyces elongisporus among others. Conclusions: the mothers' nutrition is directly reflected in the nutritional quality of the milk. It was observed that the amount of essential nutrients of milk such as carbohydrates, lipids and proteins vary according to the diet and life rhythm of the mothers, as well as the significant decrease of lactic bacteria with probiotic potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]