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Effectively supporting students in mastering all facets of self-regulated learning is a central aim of teachers and educational researchers. Prior research could demonstrate that formative feedback is an effective way to support students during self-regulated learning. In this light, we propose the application of Large Language Models (LLMs) to guide students towards problem-solving through formative feedback. We present LEAP, a novel platform that utilizes advanced LLMs, such as GPT-4o. LEAP empowers teachers with the ability to effectively pre-prompt and assign tasks to the LLM, resulting in formative feedback that stimulates students' cognitive and metacognitive processes, thereby enhancing self-regulated learning. We demonstrate that a systematic prompt design can provide a wide range of types of scaffolds to students. These scaffolds, which are rooted in educational research, include sense-making, elaboration, self-explanation, partial task-solution scaffolds, as well as metacognitive and motivational scaffolds. Through this approach, we emphasize the critical importance of synchronizing educational technological advances with empirical research and theoretical frameworks. This alignment could potentially ensures the positive and effective application of LLMs in the educational landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In communities of Sub-Saharan Africa, where local elites participate in the selection of households for cash transfers, there is a tendency to deviate from laid down rules for various reasons. Using qualitative data from selected districts where Ghana's Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP) programme is implemented, this study investigates the reasons why district and community elites deviate from prescribed selection processes of the LEAP programme. Drawing on the concept of competitive clientelism, the findings suggest that elites are deeply guided by political patronage to fulfil one primary goal, protecting their role in office. Such ambition is facilitated by the discretionary power accorded to elites by the local government system and socio-cultural values deeply rooted in Ghanaian society. In conclusion, the study draws out key lessons from the analysis and suggests a design of beneficiary selection frameworks that acknowledges the nature of domestic politics, institutions of power and powerful actors at the subnational level. The article also highlights the implications of the findings for the broad politics of social protection literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess root canal disinfection through various irrigation protocols, including a novel photothermal system called 'LEAP'. Mandibular premolars were infected with Enterococcus faecalis and divided into five groups for different treatments: Group 1: standard needle irrigation; Group 2: passive ultrasonic irrigation; Group 3: GentleWave; Group 4: LEAP; and Group 5: Group 1 + Group 4. Microbial counts were measured before (S1) and after disinfection (S2) using colony‐forming units (CFU) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Results revealed a significant reduction in bacterial counts for all groups (p < 0.05). While the percentage of dead bacteria near the canal wall (0–50 μm) did not differ significantly, at 50–150 μm, LEAP and SNI + LEAP exhibited significantly higher bacterial reduction than other groups (p < 0.05). The findings indicate that LEAP is comparable to existing irrigation devices in the main root canal and notably superior in tubular disinfection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Effectively supporting students in mastering all facets of self-regulated learning is a central aim of teachers and educational researchers. Prior research could demonstrate that formative feedback is an effective way to support students during self-regulated learning. In this light, we propose the application of Large Language Models (LLMs) to guide students towards problem-solving through formative feedback. We present LEAP, a novel platform that utilizes advanced LLMs, such as GPT-4o. LEAP empowers teachers with the ability to effectively pre-prompt and assign tasks to the LLM, resulting in formative feedback that stimulates students’ cognitive and metacognitive processes, thereby enhancing self-regulated learning. We demonstrate that a systematic prompt design can provide a wide range of types of scaffolds to students. These scaffolds, which are rooted in educational research, include sense-making, elaboration, self-explanation, partial task-solution scaffolds, as well as metacognitive and motivational scaffolds. Through this approach, we emphasize the critical importance of synchronizing educational technological advances with empirical research and theoretical frameworks. This alignment could potentially ensures the positive and effective application of LLMs in the educational landscape.

Sustainable energy sources are continually advocated as the globe strives to transition from non-renewable forms. Energy security risks associated with the gradual depletion of petroleum resources and the related climate change effects require remedies. Nations have enacted laws stipulating biofuel blending mandates to reverse these adverse effects. Using the Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP) software, this study assessed the potential long-term impact on energy demand and CO2 emissions from implementing B10 (10% biodiesel and 90% conventional diesel blend) in Uganda's petroleum sub-sector was assessed. Four scenarios were analysed from 2019 to 2050: baseline (100% fossil diesel), B10, B20 (20% biodiesel and 80% conventional diesel blend), and electric-powered transport, were analysed for 2019 to 2050. The analysis revealed that replacing fossil diesel with B10 reduces fossil-derived energy demand by 3.52% and projects an 8.38% reduction in CO2 emissions compared to the baseline scenario. The B20 and electric vehicle scenarios offer an even greater reduction. Specifically, the B20 scenario shows an 8.46% decrease, and the electric scenario shows a 9.98% decrease in fossil-derived energy demand. These reductions are attributed to the lower proportion of fossil fuels in biodiesel blends and the higher energy efficiency of electric vehicles. B10 use as a substitute fuel for diesel-powered vehicles is expected to mitigate transport sector emissions in Uganda with minimal impact on final energy demand. B20 and electrification scenarios with lower final energy demand and higher environmental impact reductions are more advantageous relative to the B10 and baseline scenarios. Future analyses should establish the optimal renewable fuel and vehicular technologies mix for a net zero scenario by 2050 for Uganda's transport sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vascular patients, an inherently older, frail population, account for >80% of major lower extremity amputations (transtibial or transfemoral) in the United States. Retrospective data have shown that early physical therapy and discharge to an acute rehabilitation facility decreases the postoperative length of stay (LOS) and expedites ambulation. In the present study, we sought to determine whether patients treated with the lower extremity amputation protocol (LEAP) will have improved outcomes. We performed a nonrandomized prospective study of vascular patients undergoing an amputation from January 2019 to February 2020. Patients who were nonambulatory or had undergone a previous contralateral major amputation were excluded. LEAP is a multidisciplinary team approach to the perioperative care of amputees using an outlined protocol. The prospective patients were compared with historic controls treated before the initiation of LEAP (January 2016 to December 2018). The primary outcomes included the postoperative LOS, time to receipt of a prosthesis, and time to ambulation. Of the 141 included patients, 130 were in the retrospective group and 11 in the LEAP group. The demographics and comorbidities were similar. All 11 LEAP patients had undergone a below-the-knee amputation, with 1 requiring revision to an above-the-knee amputation. Of the 130 retrospective patients, 122 (94%) had undergone a below-the-knee amputation, with 1 requiring revision to an above-the-knee amputation. The LEAP patients were more likely to be discharged to acute rehabilitation (100% vs 27%; P

Abstract As a major carbon emitter, the power sector plays a crucial role in realizing the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. This study constructed a low-carbon power system based on the LEAP model (LEAP-GBA) with 2020 as a statistic base aiming of exploring the low-carbon transformation pathway of the power sector in the Guangdong–Hong Kong, and Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). Five scenarios are set up to simulate the demand, power generation structure, carbon emissions, and power generation costs in the power sector under different scenarios. The results indicate that total electricity demand will peak after 2050, with 80% of it coming from industry, buildings and residential use. To achieve net-zero emissions from the power sector in the GBA, a future power generation mix dominated by nuclear and renewable energy generation and supplemented by fossil energy generation equipped with CCUS technologies. BECCS technology and nuclear power are the key to realize zero carbon emissions from the power sector in the GBA, so it should be the first to promote BECCS technology testing and commercial application, improve the deployment of nuclear power sites, and push forward the construction of nuclear power and technology improvement in the next 40 years.

As a major carbon emitter, the power sector plays a crucial role in realizing the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. This study constructed a low-carbon power system based on the LEAP model (LEAP-GBA) with 2020 as a statistic base aiming of exploring the low-carbon transformation pathway of the power sector in the Guangdong–Hong Kong, and Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). Five scenarios are set up to simulate the demand, power generation structure, carbon emissions, and power generation costs in the power sector under different scenarios. The results indicate that total electricity demand will peak after 2050, with 80% of it coming from industry, buildings and residential use. To achieve net-zero emissions from the power sector in the GBA, a future power generation mix dominated by nuclear and renewable energy generation and supplemented by fossil energy generation equipped with CCUS technologies. BECCS technology and nuclear power are the key to realize zero carbon emissions from the power sector in the GBA, so it should be the first to promote BECCS technology testing and commercial application, improve the deployment of nuclear power sites, and push forward the construction of nuclear power and technology improvement in the next 40 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multielectrode arrays (MEAs) are the method of choice for electrophysiological characterization of cardiomyocyte monolayers. The field potentials recorded using an MEA are like extracellular electrograms recorded from the myocardium using conventional electrodes. Nevertheless, different criteria are used to interpret field potentials and extracellular electrograms, which hamper correct interpretation and translation to the patient. To validate the criteria for interpretation of field potentials, we used neonatal rat cardiomyocytes to generate monolayers. We recorded field potentials using an MEA and simultaneously recorded action potentials using sharp microelectrodes. In parallel, we recreated our experimental setting in silico and performed simulations. We show that the amplitude of the local RS complex of a field potential correlated with conduction velocity in silico but not in vitro. The peak time of the T wave in field potentials exhibited a strong correlation with APD90 while the steepest upslope correlated well with APD50. However, this relationship only holds when the T wave displayed a biphasic pattern. Next, we simulated local extracellular action potentials (LEAPs). The shape of the LEAP differed markedly from the shape of the local action potential, but the final duration of the LEAP coincided with APD90. Criteria for interpretation of extracellular electrograms should be applied to field potentials. This will provide a strong basis for the analysis of heterogeneity in conduction velocity and repolarization in cultured monolayers of cardiomyocytes. Finally, a LEAP is not a recording of the local action potential but is generated by intracellular current provided by neighboring cardiomyocytes and is superior to field potential duration in estimating APD90. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Ankle sprains are among the most common injuries in dancers. Following one or more severe sprains, some individuals will experience residual mechanical and functional deficits, otherwise known as chronic ankle instability (CAI). Dancers who suffer from CAI may have weaker musculature surrounding the ankle and altered landing mechanics. The purpose of this study was to compare ankle strength and saut de chat landing mechanics between dancers with and without CAI. Methods: Dancers with and without CAI, defined by the Identification of Functional Ankle Instability (IdFAI), participated in the study (CAI n = 8; IdFAI = 18.75 ± 5.50 points; age = 20 ± 1.5 years; training = 15.5 ± 3.5 years) (Control n = 8; IdFAI = 7.13 ± 3.40 points; age = 19 ± 0.6 years; training = 15.9 ± 2.5 years). Strength and leap landing mechanics were measured on the affected ankle for the CAI group and on the preferred landing leg of a leap for the control group. Concentric and eccentric ankle plantar flexion, and subtalar inversion and eversion strength were determined with dynamometry set at an angular velocity of 60°•s-1. Force plates and motion capture cameras were used to calculate lower extremity kinematic and kinetic data as participants performed 3 saut de chat leaps. Independent t-tests were calculated to determine differences between groups. Results: Compared to dancers without CAI, dancers with CAI had lower eccentric plantar flexor strength, landed with higher vertical ground reaction forces, and absorbed greater power at the knee-joint during landing. Conclusion: Whether dancers who are weaker are more prone to injury or ankle-joint injury leads to muscular weakness is unknown. Dancers with CAI appear to lack control during leap landing while concomitantly shifting loads proximally away from the ankle-joint. We encourage dancers with and without CAI to engage in additional training that enhances ankle strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable energy sources are continually advocated as the globe strives to transition from non-renewable forms. Energy security risks associated with the gradual depletion of petroleum resources and the related climate change effects require remedies. Nations have enacted laws stipulating biofuel blending mandates to reverse these adverse effects. Using the Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP) software, this study assessed the potential long-term impact on energy demand and CO2 emissions from implementing B10 (10% biodiesel and 90% conventional diesel blend) in Uganda’s petroleum sub-sector was assessed. Four scenarios were analysed from 2019 to 2050: baseline (100% fossil diesel), B10, B20 (20% biodiesel and 80% conventional diesel blend), and electric-powered transport, were analysed for 2019 to 2050. The analysis revealed that replacing fossil diesel with B10 reduces fossil-derived energy demand by 3.52% and projects an 8.38% reduction in CO2 emissions compared to the baseline scenario. The B20 and electric vehicle scenarios offer an even greater reduction. Specifically, the B20 scenario shows an 8.46% decrease, and the electric scenario shows a 9.98% decrease in fossil-derived energy demand. These reductions are attributed to the lower proportion of fossil fuels in biodiesel blends and the higher energy efficiency of electric vehicles. B10 use as a substitute fuel for diesel-powered vehicles is expected to mitigate transport sector emissions in Uganda with minimal impact on final energy demand. B20 and electrification scenarios with lower final energy demand and higher environmental impact reductions are more advantageous relative to the B10 and baseline scenarios. Future analyses should establish the optimal renewable fuel and vehicular technologies mix for a net zero scenario by 2050 for Uganda’s transport sector.

This study aims to propose a comprehensive framework for measuring CE in IPTUA, taking into account both regular and holiday periods. The Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP) is employed to model the CE and improvement methods for the LEAP are proposed. Using a measurement framework combined with Baidu migration data, the CE from inter-city passenger transportation (IPT) between five main cities in the Guanzhong Urban Agglomeration (GUA): Xi’an (XA), Tongchuan (TC), Baoji (BJ), Xianyang (XY), and Weinan (WN), are calculated for the year 2021. This includes the CE from private car travel, highway bus travel, and railway travel. A dual-layer prediction framework is used to forecast future CE, and carbon peak predictions for IPT in the GUA under different policy and technological improvement scenarios are conducted. The results indicate that carbon peak status will be achieved in all scenarios by 2029. Furthermore, both policy and technological scenarios have a significant impact on reducing total CE. Under the policy scenario, CE decreased from the actual value of 7,714,864.408 tons to 7,564,746.75 tons. Under the technological scenario, CE from regular national and provincial roads (RNPR) decreased by 236,542.567 tons with a 10% reduction in energy consumption, and CE from highway private car travel decreased by 528,427.9295 tons. Meanwhile, with an annual 1% reduction in energy consumption, CE from RNPR decreased by 189,234.05 tons, and CE from highway private car travel decreased by 422,742.3 tons. From the reduction perspective, a one-time 10% reduction in energy consumption for private cars results in a greater reduction in CE. However, gradually reducing private car energy consumption is more feasible in practice. This study provides a comprehensive and accurate assessment of CE in IPT during different periods, offering a scientific basis for formulating carbon emission reduction policies.

Numerical simulations of centrifuge experiments examining a sheet-pile wall with a liquefiable backfill are conducted and results are compared against the experimental responses to evaluate the numerical tools’ ability to accurately predict the seismic performance of this geosystem. The platform FLAC and the constitutive model PM4Sand are used for the simulations, and focus is placed on the sheet-pile wall displacements. The influence of relative density (DR) on the system's response is evaluated, together with the influence of other parameters such as the soil's permeability and numerical model construction method. The consideration of both mass-based and CPT-based DR estimates allows for a better prediction of the overall range of permanent sheet-pile wall displacements. Other parameters have a moderate to important effect on the estimated pre-shaking displacements but only a minor to moderate effect on the end-of-shaking wall displacements.

The success of energy transition planning depends on several influential and variable factors that need to be considered and tracked in modeling to support policymakers. Expert-based energy models are mainly developed following the assumptions of experts and, in most cases, a limited number of stakeholders. This top-down modeling approach will provide satisfactory results in centrally managed energy sectors (electricity generation and distribution, district heating, etc.), where further decisions could be projected relatively precisely. However, the same approach will not provide such certain outcomes in energy sectors where numerous heterogeneous individuals make decisions about the energy future. Households are a typical example of such a sector. The future structure of energy consumption in this sector, selection of energy source, or application of specific technology, especially in households with individual heating systems, introduce significant uncertainty in expert-based energy modeling and the creation of policy. Besides prices, the decisions of households are influenced by their attitudes, social environment, and incentive measures, etc. The influence of these factors on the adoption of sustainable heating by households can be examined using a bottom-up modeling approach, like the agent-based simulation model. The output of the agent-based simulation model provides useful data that can be further incorporated as one of the main assumptions in scenario development in an expert-based energy model. This paper offers an integration of these two approaches (bottom-up and top-down) for the early assessment of supporting measures and mechanisms for accelerating the energy transition in the household sector. The integrated approach is applied and tested for exploring pathways and effects of policy measures on the transition of individual heating in the household sector in Serbia.

Thailand’s policies are in accord with the global drive to electrify transportation vehicle fleets due to climate concerns. This dedication is evident through its adoption of the 30@30 initiative and the planned ban on new internal combustion (IC) engine vehicles by 2035, showcasing a strong commitment. The objective of this study was to utilize the Low Emission Analysis Platform (LEAP) software to model the transition possibilities for electric vehicle (EV). Emphasis was placed on the future of the light-duty vehicle (LDV) sector, encompassing the energy sources, electric power demands, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Two scenarios were evaluated: one involving rapid economic growth and the other characterized by a more-gradual expansion. The former projection foresees 382 vehicles per thousand people by 2040, while the latter estimate envisions 338 vehicles. In the scenario of high growth, the vehicle stock could surge by 70% (27-million), whereas in the case of low growth, it might experience a 47% rise (23.3-million) compared to the base year (15.8 million). The increased adoption of EVs will lead to a decrease in energy demand owing to improved fuel efficiency. Nonetheless, even in the most-extreme EV scenarios, the proportion of electricity in the energy mix will remain below one-third. While GHG emissions will decrease, there is potential for even greater emission control through the enforcement of stricter emission standards. Significant EV adoption could potentially stress power grids, and the demand for charging might give rise to related challenges. The deployment of public fast charging infrastructure could provide a solution by evenly distributing the load across the day. In the most-rapid EV penetration scenario, a public charging program could cap the demand at 9300 MW, contrasting with the 21,000 MW demand for home charging. Therefore, a recommended approach involves devising an optimal strategy that considers EV adoption, a tariff structure with incentives, and the preparedness of the infrastructure.

This study aims to determine the amount of potential renewable energy sources of hydroelectric power plants that have been used to meet the electrical energy needs in East Kalimantan at this time, the amount of potential renewable energy sources of hydroelectric power plants that have not been used for electrical energy needs in East Kalimantan at this time, and the planning of electrical energy to provide electrical energy in the province of East Kalimantan in order to In this study, energy supply and demand in the province of East Kalimantan were analyzed using LEAP (Long-range Energy Alternative Planning system) models. Analyze the energy supply and demand over the next thirteen years using 2012 as the starting point. The linear regression methodology used to project energy demand interpolates historical data, activity, and energy intensity. According to the study's findings, just 1,509 MW of the province of East Kalimantan's potential hydropower sources—6976.14 MW—have been used up to this point. In 2025, the population is expected to rise by 6,167,359 people, increasing the demand for electricity from 17,546,970 MWh to 20,643,495 MWh. According to the national energy management's blueprint for the goal composition of the energy mix, hydropower capacity in 2025 would have been 23,961,414 MWh or 55.56% of the overall producing capacity of 43,129,583 MWh.

Coal contributed 303 million tons of CO2 (49% of total emissions) in Indonesia in 2021. The Indonesian government plans to retire all coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) to achieve net-zero emissions by 2060. Nuclear power plants (NPPs) have low CO2 emissions. This research aims to analyze the status of the nuclear program and examine the opportunities and challenges of NPPs in supporting net-zero emissions. The method used is a literature study of national positions and a simulation of the use of NPPs with the low emissions analysis platform (LEAP) up to 2060. The Business as Usual (BaU) scenario still relies on CFPPs. The retired CFPP scenario consists of NPP utilization of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%. It was found that the national position of Indonesia is in phase 1 (considering), because legally there is no policy on the use of NPPs in laws, the National Development Plan, or energy policies. A Nuclear Energy Program Implementation Organization (NEPIO) has not yet been established. The simulation results conclude that with limited renewable energy potential, NPPs have the opportunity to fulfill electricity production needs and reduce CO2 emissions significantly. The challenge of using NPPs is the increasing production and investment costs of electricity that come along with the increase in the use of NPPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nakhon Ratchasima is one of the northeastern cities which has been promoted as one of the low-carbon cities in Thailand. The study aims to evaluate policies and measures on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions mitigation to meet the target at the provincial level. The Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP) is used as a modeling tool to simulate energy demand for each economic sector. The 2019 data is set as a base year, using top-down and bottom-up approaches depending on the availability of data for the analysis. The model consists of two scenarios: (1) Business-as-usual (BAU) scenario and Low carbon scenario (LCS). Transport and industry sectors are the most energy-consuming and CO2-emitting sectors in Nakhon Ratchasima Province. In the LCS case, the final energy demand and CO2 emissions in 2050 will be reduced by about 40% compared to the BAU case. In addition, CO2 emissions in Nakhon Ratchasima Province will peak around 2038, this is not the case with BAU. The study could predict future energy demand and propose a way forward to reducing GHG emissions at the provincial level.

In the backdrop of COVID19 recovery, Pakistan is still struggling to cope with the economic challenges and disruptions caused in the energy supply chain. On one hand where COVID has brought serious socio-economic costs and prolonged delays, it has also provided opportunity for developing countries such as Pakistan to “build-forward-better” their economies in a more sustainable and climate friendly manner. This study particularly highlights the impact of COVID on energy supply and demand sectors of Pakistan, its near- and long-term impacts, and what policy interventions can be adopted to put Pakistan on-track to achieve its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). The economic focus in on “Green Recovery” and what key interventions will foster a rapid transition towards decarbonization in Pakistan. Low Emission Analysis Platform (LEAP) model is used to provide energy sector outlook (2020-2040) of Pakistan under different scenario i.e., Pre COVID growth, Business-as-Usual, Slow Recovery, and Green Recovery from COVID. The results obtained from the model depicts that following a green recovery scenario, Pakistan can reduce around 10 Mtoe (9%) of its total energy use, 53 TWh of electricity, 19 Mt of emissions from demand sectors, and 11 Mt of emissions from the power sector by 2030. For total levelized cost of the power sector, the green recovery scenario represents a generation cost of $13 billion by 2030 which further highlights that energy efficiency could lead to cost savings of approximately $3 billion each year by 2030. Green recovery is however still a daunting task as it would require economic stimulus of $8 billion only to recover to its pre COVID scenario and total investments of $120 billion by 2030.

The energy demand in Pakistan is escalating owing to the growing population, rapid urbanization, and industrial growth. Therefore, the development and execution of Energy Efficiency and Conservation (EE&C) policies and initiatives are critical for the Government in order to enhance energy efficiency and to address the country's increasing energy demand. In this study, the Low Emission Analysis Platform (LEAP) tool is used to develop and analyze the effects of load control, energy efficiency, and conservation-based measures. Based on the policy analysis and energy consumption patterns, macro-economic modeling has been undertaken using LEAP for the study period 2020-2050. The two scenarios developed are Business-As-Usual (BAU) and Demand-Side-Management (DSM). The model results forecast 1910.2 TWh electricity demand by 2050 under the BAU scenario, with an average annual growth rate of 5.5%, which is eighteen times greater than energy demand in the base year. The sustainable electricity generation path followed under the DSM scenario ensures a lower demand of 1597.5 TWh and an average annual growth rate of 4.5%. This scenario will reduce energy use by 16% compared to the BAU scenario. Therefore, it is proposed that policy may be envisaged using infrastructural and consumer engagement approaches to encourage DSM development in Pakistan. The proposed LEAP model can be used to undertake the supply policy selection and demand assumption for future power production in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Lower Extremity Amputation Protocol (LEAP) is a multidisciplinary enhanced recovery after surgery pathway for vascular amputees. The objective of this study was to examine feasibility and outcomes of community-wide implementation of LEAP. LEAP was implemented at three safety net hospitals for patients with peripheral artery disease or diabetes requiring major lower extremity amputation. Patients who underwent LEAP (LEAP) were matched 1:1 with retrospective controls (NOLEAP) on hospital location, need for initial guillotine amputation, and final amputation type (above- vs below-knee). Primary endpoint was postoperative hospital length of stay (PO-LOS). A total of 126 amputees (63 LEAP and 63 NOLEAP) were included with no difference between baseline demographics and co-morbidities between the groups. After matching, both groups had the same prevalence of amputation level (76% below-knee vs 24% above-knee). LEAP patients had shorter duration of postamputation bed rest (P =.003) and were more likely to receive limb protectors (100% vs 40%; P ≤.001), prosthetic counseling (100% vs 14%; P ≤.001), perioperative nerve blocks (75% vs 25%; P ≤.001), and postoperative gabapentin (79% vs 50%; P ≤.001). Compared with NOLEAP, LEAP patients were more likely to be discharged to an acute rehabilitation facility (70% vs 44%; P =.009) and less likely to be discharged to a skilled nursing facility (14% vs 35%; P =.009). The median PO-LOS for the overall cohort was 4 days. LEAP patients had a shorter median PO-LOS (3 [interquartile range, 2-5] vs 5 [interquartile range, 4-9] days; P <.001). On multivariable logistic regression, LEAP decreased the odds of a PO-LOS of ≥4 days by 77% (odds ratio, 0.23; 95% confidence interval, 0.09-0.63). Overall, LEAP patients were significantly less likely to have phantom limb pain (5% vs 21%; P =.02) and were more likely to receive a prosthesis (81% vs 40%; P ≤.001). In a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model, LEAP was associated with an 84% reduction in time to receipt of prosthesis (hazard ratio, 0.16; 95% confidence interval, 0.085-0.303; P <.001). Community wide implementation of LEAP significantly improved outcomes for vascular amputees demonstrating that utilization of core ERAS principles in vascular patients leads to decreased PO-LOS and improved pain control. LEAP also affords this socioeconomically disadvantaged population a greater opportunity to receive a prosthesis and return to the community as a functional ambulator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ghana has experimented with two social protection programmes: the Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP) programme, and the Japan Social Development Fund (JSDF) pilot project aimed at reducing extreme poverty and enhancing the standard of living of beneficiaries. This study comparatively assessed how the LEAP programme and the JSDF-LEAP project have contributed to improving the standard of living of beneficiaries. A sample of 167 respondents, comprising 81 LEAP households, 82 JSDF-LEAP beneficiaries and four District Social Welfare Officers took part in the study. The study findings suggest that cash transfers alone such as the LEAP programme may not yield significant improvement in the standard of living of the extremely poor without complementary programmes such as the JSDF-LEAP project to address the livelihood and other socio-economic challenges that they encounter. The study recommends a holistic approach to tackling extreme poverty through 'cash plus' programmes. Points for practitioners: The findings of this study highlight the need for public administration practitioners involved in poverty eradication programmes to pursue a simultaneous design involving the implementation of both cash transfers and productive inclusion programmes as the preferred strategy for improving the standard of living of the extremely poor. Moreover, this research has also revealed that for social protection programmes to be successfully implemented, carefully designed systems and structures must be put in place at the national level, through the regional, district and community levels at the design and implementation phases of such interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perhitungan prakiraan energi dilakukan berdasarkan pada pola penggunaan energi yang sama seperti yang terjadi pada tahun dasar dan juga memperhatikan faktor perekonomian di Kabupaten Banjarnegara. Kemudian langkah selanjutnya yaitu melakukan simulasi menggunakan aplikasi LEAP untuk meramalkan permintaan energi listrik di Kabupaten Banjarnegara dan pemyediaan energi listrik oleh PLTA Mrica dengan scenario Business as Usual (BAU). Dalam melakukan skenario digunakan pendekatan trend dan ekonometri, skenario BAU mengasumsikan bahwa tidak ada intervensi kebijakan. Hasil proyeksi konsumsi energi listrik Kabupaten Banjarnegara menunjukkan rata-rata pertumbuhan konsumsi energi listrik dari tahun 2019 sampai 2031 adalah sebesar 35.16% per tahun. Proyeksi jumlah pelanggan energi listrik Kabupaten Banjarnegara menunjukkan akan adanya peningkatan dari tahun 2019 sampai dengan 2031. Proyeksi jumlah pelanggan energi listrik Kabupaten Banjarnegara yang mana menunjukkan akan adanya peningkatan dari tahun 2019 sampai dengan 2031 (selama 12 tahun) adalah sebesar 27.34%. Hasil visualisasi transformasi dan distribusi menunjukan bahwa PLTA waduk mrica masih sanggup mensuplai listrik di Kabupaten Banjarnegara hingga tahun 2031.

Purpose – This study aims to assess readiness for climate change mitigation in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Design/methodology/approach – Two stages were followed aiming at understanding the situation related to climate change mitigation in Bahrain and assessing the mitigation readiness. Baseline and mitigation scenarios for the period 2019–2040 were developed using the Low Emissions Analysis Platform software based on historical emissions and energy data for the period 1990–2018. Using the analytic hierarchy process, the mitigation readiness was assessed by 13 experts, and priority areas for mitigation action were identified. Findings – CO2e emissions are projected to grow continuously. However, no explicit climate change strategy is in place yet. Mitigation is tackled implicitly through energy efficiency and renewable energy initiatives. These initiatives can make 23% reduction in CO2e emissions by 2040. Adopting additional measures is needed to achieve the recently set emission reduction target of 30% by 2035. The findings revealed potential areas for improving mitigation efforts in Bahrain. Priority areas for mitigation actions, as identified by experts, were mainly related to policy and governance. Focus needs to be paid to the social aspect of climate change mitigation. Originality/value – Literature on mitigation readiness in developing countries is sparse. Knowledge of the requirements for climate change mitigation and assessment of the country’s performance can prioritize areas for improving mitigation action. Several lessons can be learnt from the case of Bahrain. In addition, the adopted methodology can be applied to other developing or Arab countries at local or institutional levels. However, its application to specific sectors may require adjustments.

Vascular patients, an inherently older, frail population, account for >80% of major lower extremity amputations (transtibial or transfemoral) in the United States. Retrospective data have shown that early physical therapy and discharge to an acute rehabilitation facility decreases the postoperative length of stay (LOS) and expedites ambulation. In the present study, we sought to determine whether patients treated with the lower extremity amputation protocol (LEAP) will have improved outcomes. We performed a nonrandomized prospective study of vascular patients undergoing an amputation from January 2019 to February 2020. Patients who were nonambulatory or had undergone a previous contralateral major amputation were excluded. LEAP is a multidisciplinary team approach to the perioperative care of amputees using an outlined protocol. The prospective patients were compared with historic controls treated before the initiation of LEAP (January 2016 to December 2018). The primary outcomes included the postoperative LOS, time to receipt of a prosthesis, and time to ambulation. Of the 141 included patients, 130 were in the retrospective group and 11 in the LEAP group. The demographics and comorbidities were similar. All 11 LEAP patients had undergone a below-the-knee amputation, with 1 requiring revision to an above-the-knee amputation. Of the 130 retrospective patients, 122 (94%) had undergone a below-the-knee amputation, with 1 requiring revision to an above-the-knee amputation. The LEAP patients were more likely to be discharged to acute rehabilitation (100% vs 27%; P

The transportation sector is a significant source of pollution and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions contributing to global warming. Although research on the actual emissions from transport has been conducted in several parts of the world, very limited outcomes in this field have been reported in the Gulf region. This is especially true for road transportation, one of Qatar's most significant sources of air pollution. To address this research gap, this study provides an invaluable resource for policymakers as it is the first to quantify the current and forecast future transport emissions. In this work, actual data on traffic counts were input into the Low-Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP) tool, which has never been used in the context of Qatar, making it an outstanding addition to the research in this domain. The ultimate goal is to estimate the transportation emissions from road traffic in Qatar and investigate how different actions lead to three different scenarios that can impact it. Considering that the policy reformation in the transportation sector is crucial to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and climate change, a scenario analysis can provide theoretical support for policy development and implementation. The investigation used the actual vehicle count data from 2017 to 2021, while all future projections considered the duration from 2022 to 2050 using three scenarios. The first was based on the historical growth in the number of vehicles; the second was based on the business-as-usual scenario (BAU); and the third considered that the public transport shall be divided into three sub-scenarios, namely fuel-economy improvement, the electrification of public transportation, and the replacement of diesel or petrol fuel with compressed natural gas (CNG). The results show that carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions were the highest in all scenarios. Moreover, it was found that in the BAU, the light-duty vehicles (LDVs) category is the most significant contributor to GHG emissions compared to motorcycles and heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs). In addition, it was found that emissions can be reduced by improving public transportation, switching to a cleaner fuel, and reducing reliance on private vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sierra Leone is suffering from a persistent electricity gap that has crippled its economic growth and prevented it from attaining several health and education development goals. This persistent electricity gap has generated significant interest in tackling the country's long-lasting energy deficiency. Providing electricity in a reliable, sustainable, and cost-effective manner in Sierra Leone requires adopting robust integrated energy planning and appropriate technologies. Despite various interventions by the government, a balance between electricity demand and supply has yet to be achieved. Using the Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning System (LEAP), this work assesses Sierra Leone's energy supply and demand for 2019–2040. We developed three case scenarios (Base, Middle, and High) based on forecasted demand, resource potential, techno-economic parameters, and CO2 emissions. The Base case considers the electricity sector as business as usual, the Middle case examines the electricity sector reform roadmap and the prospect of integrating renewable energy into the power system, and the High case examines the sustainable development of the power generation system considering the electricity sector roadmap. As part of this study, we analyze potential alternatives to conventional electricity generation systems aimed at providing electricity in a sustainable, reliable, and affordable manner, including the use of renewable energy sources and technologies with less CO2 emissions. Model results estimate an increase in electricity demand of 1812.5 GWh, 1936 GWh, and 2635.8 GWh for Base, Middle, and High cases respectively. Also, there is a reduction in production, fuel cost, and CO2 emission in the High case to the Base case by 67.15%, 35.79%, and 51.8%, respectively. This paper concludes with recommendations devised from the study results for the power system of Sierra Leone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nakhon Ratchasima is one of the northeastern cities which has been promoted as one of the low-carbon cities in Thailand. The study aims to evaluate policies and measures on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions mitigation to meet the target at the provincial level. The Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP) is used as a modeling tool to simulate energy demand for each economic sector. The 2019 data is set as a base year, using top-down and bottom-up approaches depending on the availability of data for the analysis. The model consists of two scenarios: (1) Business-as-usual (BAU) scenario and Low carbon scenario (LCS). Transport and industry sectors are the most energy-consuming and CO2-emitting sectors in Nakhon Ratchasima Province. In the LCS case, the final energy demand and CO2 emissions in 2050 will be reduced by about 40% compared to the BAU case. In addition, CO2 emissions in Nakhon Ratchasima Province will peak around 2038, this is not the case with BAU. The study could predict future energy demand and propose a way forward to reducing GHG emissions at the provincial level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The steady increase in demand for energy in Iraq requires the inclusion of the renewable energy in any future plan. This work assesses the feasibility of electric generation from renewable energy and its impact on the environment compared to its utilization by Iraqi government. Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning System (LEAP) and Photovoltaic Systems (PVsyst) were utilized for this purpose. LEAP was configured based on the current scenario compared with other available scenarios. PVsyst was supplemented by NASA data to assess the energy potentials from solar energy. The results showed that Iraq has sufficient renewable energy potential due to its topological factors. Solar energy potential for 14 different areas in Iraq was estimated, and it was in range of (2200–3300 kWh). The wind speed at 10 m above ground level for many regions in Iraq is also suitable for electricity generation. The environmental impacts of the energy production based on the current scenario were compared with renewable and natural gas. Results showed that the renewable energy scenario mitigates the CO and CO 2 emissions, while the natural gas scenario increases the emission of CO. It is concluded that renewable energies could enhance the electricity production and reduce greenhouse gases with proper policies for future energy plans by the Iraqi government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nepal is 100% dependent on imported petroleum products as it has no as yet viable proven reserve. The import of petroleum is increasing at an alarming rate (15.2% annually) which is creating not only a burden on the national economy but also raising the issue of energy supply security and environmental degradation. In this study, eleven distinct significant indicators have been used to evaluate the energy security status of the country. Since there is no such detailed quantification of indicators carried out in previous research, this study can be a significant input to policymakers and planners. It also explores the policy intervention measures to improve energy security status in the context of a developing country that is increasingly dependent on imported commercial fuels. Five different scenarios have been developed considering 2017 as a base year and 2040 as an end year with different economic growth rates 4.5%, 7.2% and 9.2% as main driving parameter. Two additional policy intervention scenarios (Policy-I and Policy-II), prioritizing electrification to enhance energy security, have been analyzed. The energy demands have been projected using the Model for Analysis of Energy Demand (MAED), while the Low Emission Analysis Platform (LEAP) tool has been used to analyze the supply, the energy supply requirement, fuel import dependence, cost, as well as the size of power plant requirement under different scenarios. The results manifest that there would be a reduction in Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES) requirement by 1.14% and 8.7% under policy-I and Policy-II scenarios respectively in the year 2040, compared to the reference scenario (7.2%) resulting in improved energy security, economic vulnerability, and GHG mitigation. It indicates that the use of indigenous renewable energy resources mainly hydro is indispensable for ensuring the energy security of Nepal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to assess the feasibility of achieving Indonesia's net-zero emissions target by 2060 through a model of future power generation using renewable energy sources using the Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP) software. There are five projected power generation scenarios in this research: the reference (REF) scenario, the conservative (CON) scenario, the moderate (MOD) scenario, the progressive (PRO) scenario, and the advanced (ADV) scenario. The availability of renewable energy technology differentiates each scenario. The ADV scenario, which utilizes nuclear power and energy storage, achieves the 100% renewable energy target by 2060 at the lowest total cost. However, the costs of CON and MOD are not significantly higher. Indonesia should decommission existing fossil fuel power plants and construct more renewable energy power plants to achieve the net-zero emissions target. Based on the simulation, biomass energy is the least favorable type of energy. Solar becomes an option only when other renewable energies are at their maximum potential capacity. Furthermore, nuclear energy and energy storage is essential for Indonesia to achieve the renewable target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the development of Business-as-usual (BAU) and low-emission scenarios for the energy sector in Ethiopia. This is done as part of efforts by the government to develop a Long-term Low Emissions Development Strategy (LT-LEDS) for the country. The process is conducted in consultation with key public and private sectors and civil society stakeholders. The overarching aim of the government is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the country in line with its commitment to the goals of the 2015 Paris Agreement. Keeping the global average temperature increases well below 2° Celsius is essential for a country like Ethiopia, given its vulnerability to the effects of climate change. Other actions taken in this regard are the development and update of the Country's National Determined Contribution (NDC), which sets the ambitious goal of tackling the effects of climate change by achieving a 68% emissions reduction by 2030. The BAU scenario is expected to inform the development of mitigation scenarios backed by policy actions that will ultimately lead to a decrease in emissions in the energy sector, looking towards the target year of 2050. The result of the LT-LEDS BAU scenario points to a pathway that will lead to the increase of emissions to 31 MtCO2e by 2050, while the proposed mitigation scenarios decrease emissions to 2.9 Mt by 2050.

Despite global calls for climate change and its impacts in past decade, energy sector of Pakistan has remained highly dominated by high-cost carbon-intensive resources. Although a significant number of policies have been put forward by both provincial and federal government in last three years, the ground-level implementation of these policies is non-existent, and Pakistan’s progress is still far behind the developed countries. This study therefore performs a socio-economic analysis of solar PV potential in Pakistan and how recent policies can be mobilized to upscale the utilization of solar PV both as an on-grid and off-grid generation source. This also links to solar potential for corporate sector engagements in their Net-Zero Pathways. The methodological approach uses a Low Emission Analysis Platform (LEAP) model designed for Pakistan’s Power System supplies under three different scenarios i.e., Energy Transition Scenario, Conventional Generation Scenarios, and Business as Usual Scenario. Indicative Generation Capacity Expansion Plan (IGCEP 2021) along with recent policies is used as the leading data source for driving the capacity additions. The results obtained from the model indicates that despite having a large potential, under currently policies the share of solar in total grid power generation will remain under 2% by 2030. Under Energy Transition Scenario, the model runs under a least cost optimization plan leading to a higher uptake of solar power. As per this scenario, the share of renewable increase beyond 2030 to achieve a share of around 50% by 2045. This can lead to cumulative carbon reductions of around 2000 Mt by 2030 and economic savings of around $ 5 billion. Based on the model results, this study also identifies the possible pathways for upcoming iterations of Pakistan IGCEP plan that builds around solar PV

While fossil fuel prices soar during the 2022 global energy crisis, the European Union activates all available fossil-fuel levers and Greece still plans to use natural gas as a transition fuel for delignitisation, with strong concerns over potential exacerbation of energy poverty and hurdles to progress in climate action. This study assesses the trajectory of the Greek electricity mix and its reliance on natural gas under the current policy framework on the one hand, and an ambitious scenario aiming for complete decarbonisation by 2035 on the other. We model these scenarios using an energy system modelling framework, comprising LEAP and OSeMOSYS model implementations for Greece, and use a stakeholder-informed fuzzy cognitive mapping exercise to uncover transition uncertainties. While power generation from natural gas is projected to increase by almost 50% until 2030 under existing policies, the proposed decarbonisation scenario has the potential to achieve complete independence from Russian gas by 2026 while also leading to a cleaner and considerably cheaper power sector. This ‘higher climate ambition’ scenario is found feasible and more robust in case high fossil fuel prices persist post-2022, even if bottlenecks stressed by stakeholders such as community acceptance or technological constraints emerge and potentially constrain the expansion of certain renewable energy technologies. Apart from the added value of stakeholder input in modelling science, as reflected in the impact of barriers Greek stakeholders critically highlighted, our results emphasise that a diversified energy-supply mix alongside bold energy efficiency strategies are key to rapid and feasible decarbonisation in the country.

In his private notes written in 1936 (now published as GA82), Heidegger enumerates three "fundamental deceptions" at play in Being and Time (1927). The thrust of these deceptions is twofold: that Dasein is something given and that the task of phenomenology is to describe Dasein in its givenness. These are deceptions, Heidegger claims in 1936, because Dasein is not something given, but can only be reached in a leap, and because the task of phenomenology is not to describe Dasein in its givenness, but to bring about Dasein and the "there," the site of Being's happening, through a creative leap-in. Scholars might be inclined to read these deceptions as further evidence for the view that Heidegger in the 1930s abandons phenomenology understood as a descriptive enterprise oriented toward givenness. This paper argues, to the contrary, that phenomenology for the young Heidegger was never a descriptive enterprise oriented toward givenness, but always, however obliquely presented throughout the 1920s, a way of participating in the creative unfolding of the site of Being's happening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP), a social assistance programme, aims to reduce poverty and vulnerability. To this end, complementary services accompany such programmes to accelerate the process. However, a few studies have concentrated on access to complementary services. As such, this study focuses on investigating access to LEAP complementary services employing the mixed-methods design. Data were collected from 229 LEAP beneficiaries and LEAP programme implementers using questionnaires and an interview guide. The analysis of data involved descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The study found that national health insurance (NHI), school feeding, the education capitation grant, and labour-intensive public works were the LEAP complementary services accessed although skewed to NHI. The barriers to access to complementary services included unavailability of services, ignorance of entitlement, inability to enforce the memorandum of understanding, and poor institutional coordination. To improve access to complementary services, sensitisation and enforcement of memorandum of understanding are vital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay traces the figure of the 'leap' in the second year of Derrida's Beast and the Sovereign seminar, where it crosses in a significant way the central concern with Walten in Heidegger's thought. A key question for the reading is about the impulse, drive or push behind all these leaps. Precipitated out is a notion that names what is neither subject nor object, action nor passion, but de la poussance, a noun forged on the model of those third-voice substantives like différance, aimance, and arrivance that Derrida deployed all across his work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to assess readiness for climate change mitigation in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Design/methodology/approach: Two stages were followed aiming at understanding the situation related to climate change mitigation in Bahrain and assessing the mitigation readiness. Baseline and mitigation scenarios for the period 2019–2040 were developed using the Low Emissions Analysis Platform software based on historical emissions and energy data for the period 1990–2018. Using the analytic hierarchy process, the mitigation readiness was assessed by 13 experts, and priority areas for mitigation action were identified. Findings: CO2e emissions are projected to grow continuously. However, no explicit climate change strategy is in place yet. Mitigation is tackled implicitly through energy efficiency and renewable energy initiatives. These initiatives can make 23% reduction in CO2e emissions by 2040. Adopting additional measures is needed to achieve the recently set emission reduction target of 30% by 2035. The findings revealed potential areas for improving mitigation efforts in Bahrain. Priority areas for mitigation actions, as identified by experts, were mainly related to policy and governance. Focus needs to be paid to the social aspect of climate change mitigation. Originality/value: Literature on mitigation readiness in developing countries is sparse. Knowledge of the requirements for climate change mitigation and assessment of the country's performance can prioritize areas for improving mitigation action. Several lessons can be learnt from the case of Bahrain. In addition, the adopted methodology can be applied to other developing or Arab countries at local or institutional levels. However, its application to specific sectors may require adjustments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Petroleum has become a strategic resource to the national economy, and forecasting its demand is a critical step to supporting energy planning and policy-making for carbon reduction. We first conducted a characteristic analysis of end consumption for petroleum products, and the key affecting factors are identified through an extended logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method. Afterwards, the long-range energy alternatives planning system (LEAP) was adopted to predict the petroleum products demand by considering the potential impacts of different policies on the identified key factors. Through comparative analysis of three scenarios including five sub-scenarios, the findings show that the dual carbon constraints are crucial to petroleum demand control. Under the enforcement of existing carbon peaking policies, the petroleum products demand will peak around 2043 at 731.5 million tons, and the impact of energy intensity-related policies is more significant than that of activity level. However, even if the existing policy efforts are continued, supporting the carbon-neutral target will not be easy. By further strengthening the constraints, the demand will peak around 2027 at 680 million tons, and the abatement contribution will come mainly from industry (manufacturing), construction, and transportation. Additional abatement technologies are necessary for the petroleum industry to achieve carbon neutrality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]