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Objective: The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of combination of medicinal plants, including Colchicum autumnal L., Olea europaea L., Nigella sativa L., Lavandula angustifolia L., and Zingiber officinale Roscoe, on the recovery and outcome of COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 150 COVID-19 patients. All patients received both pharmaceutical and supportive treatments. In addition to the standard care treatment, intervention group received two capsules of herbal medicine orally every 8 hours, while control group received placebo. Results: Oxygen saturation percentage (SpO2) of the intervention group (median:88.00) was significantly higher than that of the control group (median:86.00), while C-reactive protein (CRP) of the intervention group (median:20.00) was significantly lower than that of the control group (median:28.00) at the time of hospital discharge (p<0.05). Conclusion: The combination of studied medicinal plants could significantly reduce the oxygen requirement and oxygen therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Objective: The postpartum period is often accompanied by significant pain which affects maternal well-being and care of newborns. With an increasing interest in natural and safe alternatives to conventional pain management strategies, this study was performed with the aim to evaluate the efficacy of ginger extract and lavender oil capsules in managing postpartum pain. Materials & Methods: This single-blind, randomized clinical trial study was conducted at Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Iraq in 2023-2024. Ninety postpartum women were allocated to receive either ginger extract (250 mg per capsule) or lavender oil (100 μL per capsule) capsules orally (n=45 in each group). Pain was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at baseline and one-hour post-intervention, with follow-up over the first 24 hours post-delivery. The changes in pain scores, maternal satisfaction, and the incidence of side effects were compared between the two groups. Results: Both ginger extract and lavender oil capsules significantly reduced postpartum pain scores compared to baseline (P<0.001), with the lavender oil group experiencing a marginally greater reduction (from 6.1 ± 1.2 to 2.8 ± 1.0) compared to the ginger extract group (from 6.2 ± 1.3 to 3.4 ± 1.1) (P=0.035). Side effects were minimal and not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.29). Maternal satisfaction was significantly higher in the lavender oil group (91%) compared to the ginger extract group (82%) (P=0.044). Conclusion: Orally administered ginger extract and lavender oil capsules are effective in reducing postpartum pain, with lavender oil showing marginally higher efficacy and greater maternal satisfaction. These findings support the integration of these natural remedies into postpartum care, offering safe and effective alternatives for pain management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to analyse the essential oil of Lavandula dentata from Algeria and to test the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of this plant. The essential oil (EO) (57 constituents) included mainly α-pinene, β-pinene, nopinone, linalool, cryptone, and limonene. The plant polyphenolic contents and the antioxidant activity were determined. The antimicrobial effect of the EO and the methanolic extract (ME) was assessed against referenced and clinical bacterial strains, and also foodborne fungal isolates. The EO minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values varied from 0.25 to 4 mg/mL and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were less than 8 mg/mL except for S. aureus, clinical Klebsiella, S. epidermidis, and B. subtilis. The mould strains were significantly inhibited by the EO (87.50% to 88.33%). The MIC values were 3.60–15.62 mg/mL and 0.5–4 mg/mL for ME and EO, respectively. The minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) values ranged from 31 to 125 mg/mL and from 2 to 8 mg/mL for ME and EO, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Lavender, widely cultivated in the Mediterranean region, produces essential oil known for its significant biological activities and is a key component of the perfume industry due to its high levels of Linalool and Linalyl acetate, along with low Camphor content, which contributes to its high cost. However, the market is plagued by adulterated lavender oil, often mixed with cheaper alternatives such as eucalyptus and rosemary. Current detection methods, primarily gas chromatography, are expensive, time‐consuming and often fail to detect low levels of adulteration. To address these limitations, this study examines the use of mid‐infrared spectroscopy for the detection and prediction of adulteration levels. A set of 105 samples, comprising pure lavender oil and adulterated lavender oil, was prepared in the laboratory. Principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering ascending (HCA) and K‐means clustering were applied to the FT‐MIR results for qualitative analysis to effectively discriminate between authentic and adulterated essential oils. For quantitative analysis, partial least squares regression (PLSR) was used to develop accurate calibration models for predicting the percentage of adulteration. The results from PCA, HCA and K‐means demonstrated the efficacy of these techniques in detecting adulteration, even at low levels (2%). Calibration models were developed using the PLSR method with different spectral preprocessing techniques to predict the percentage of adulteration, with results indicating that models generated on the raw data and those using MSC (multiplicative signal correction) pre‐processing are optimal. In addition, the use of interval‐partial least squares (IPLS) variable selection techniques (Forward, Backward) improved the predictive accuracy of the models developed by reducing the number of wavelengths used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lavandula dentata is recognized for its therapeutic properties and has been traditionally used in various medicinal applications. Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) are critical for neurotransmitters breaking down; therefore, their inhibitors treat neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer, Parkinson and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis diseases. Methods: The current study was done to analyze the bioactive compounds present in the methanolic extract of Lavandula dentata of Taif region, Saudi Arabia using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. In addition, computational analysis using SwissADME and ProTox-II was used to predict the physicochemical and biological activities and predicted toxicity of four selected components from lavender extract. Moreover, linalool and 7-Methoxy-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylic acid were selected for the molecular docking of Monoamine Oxidase A. Result: GC-MS analysis revealed a diverse array of bioactive compounds, including but not limited to linalool, retinal, chromene-2-one and 7-Methoxy-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylic acid, which are known for their pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anxiolytic effects. In silico analysis has assumed that linalool is safe with a predicted toxicity LD50 2200 mg/kg (Class: 5). The docking affinity score of linalool to Monoamine Oxidase A is -24.4 and appears more stable in the docking site box due to the presence of nine hydrophobic interactions. Collectively this study contributes to the understanding of the chemical profile of Lavandula dentata and highlights its suitability for pharmaceutical and therapeutic applications along with exploring the specific bioactivities and potential synergistic effects of these compounds. In particular, linalool emerges as a promising bioactive compound in neurodegenerative disorders therapy through Monoamine oxidase A inhibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and purpose: Oral thrush, a mucocutaneous infection caused by an overgrowth of Candida albicans, manifests as white, curd-like lesions on oral mucosal surfaces, often accompanied by burning sensations and altered taste perception. Conventional treatment modalities primarily rely on antifungal medications, while adjunctive therapies include topical saline or sodium bicarbonate rinses and rigorous oral hygiene practices. The current investigation seeks to elucidate and document the indigenous medicinal flora of Iran that is employed in the treatment of oral thrush induced by Candida albicans. Methodology: In this review article, a search was made in Web of Science, PubMed, Magiran, SID, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases using keywords such as medicinal plants, extract, essential oil, traditional medicine, candidiasis, and Candida albicans. Articles that were not relevant were removed and finally, relevant articles were used for literature review. Results: A variety of medicinal herbs, including Purple Coneflower, Persica, Matrica, Cinnamol, Jaftex, Green Cumin, Lemon Balm, Green Tea, Valerian, Oregano, Water Hyacinth, Ginger, Jujube, Hatchet Vetch, Sumac, Blue Mint Bush, Dandelion, Zaatar, Yarrow, Ephedra, Danish Thyme, Cinnamon, Curly Catnip, Barberry, Myrtle, Garlic, Kah-makki and Putar, Black Caraway, Nettle, Chamomile, Tarragon, Harmala, Lavender, Honey Garlic, Asafoetida (Devil's Dung), and Saffron, are indigenous to Iran. These plants demonstrate an anti-candidal effect against Candida albicans in the oral cavity, particularly when compared to commercial mouthwashes and standard chemical treatments. Conclusion: Medicinal plants offer a promising therapeutic approach to oral thrush due to their inherent antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory properties. Herbal mouthwashes containing phytochemicals derived from plants like thyme, chamomile, and sage can effectively alleviate oral thrush symptoms and suppress Candida overgrowth. As a natural and well-tolerated alternative to synthetic antifungals, these mouthwashes can be employed as adjunctive or primary treatments for oral candidiasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The content of endogenous hormones (auxin IAA, cytokinines, ABA) in explants of various types (segments of the leaf, bud, and stem), primary calluses induced from them, and morphogenic and nonmorphogenic calluses at the initial stages of in vitro culture by the immunoassay method was studied for the first time for Lavandula angustifolia Mill. The maximum value of the hormone levels in explants such as segments of a bud was shown. An increase in the content of hormones in primary calluses was revealed in comparison with similar characteristics in all types of explants. The higher level of the active form of cytokinin (trans-zeatin) and ABA, as well as the lower level of the inactive form of cytokinin (zeatin-nucleotide) and auxin IAA, were identified in the morphogenic callus compared with the nonmorphogenic one. It is suggested that the content of endogenous hormones in explants and calluses of L. angustifolia is due to their histological status. A conclusion is made about the unified histophysiological mechanisms of callusogenesis and morphogenesis in vitro in the studied plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize actinobacteria from the rhizosphere of medicinal and aromatic plants, specifically lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.), and oregano (Origanum vulgare L.). Rhizospheric soil samples revealed a high abundance of culturable actinobacteria (6.97–7.23 log10 CFU/g). Six isolates were selected for their promising enzymatic activities (lignin peroxidase, carboxymethyl cellulase) and antimicrobial properties. Isolates M345 and M162 exhibited the highest cellulase activity indices (3.19 ± 0.71 and 2.54 ± 0.22, respectively), with five isolates producing lignin peroxidase. These actinobacteria also demonstrated plant growth-promoting traits such as phosphate solubilization and nitrogen fixation, along with strong antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria and phytopathogenic fungi. Additionally, they significantly enhanced maize seed germination, increasing the vigor index from 4283.33 ± 1264.37 to 6248.28 ± 1661.94 compared to that of the control. These results indicate that the isolated actinobacteria strains hold potential as microbial inoculants for sustainable agriculture, contributing to soil health, plant growth, and pathogen management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Revegetation emerges as a promising approach to alleviate the adverse impacts of mining residues. However, it is essential to evaluate the characteristics of these materials and select suitable plant species to ensure successful ecosystem restoration. This study aimed to investigate the effects of phosphate-mine residues (MR) on the growth, biochemical properties, and essential oil concentration of Rosmarinus officinalis L., Salvia Officinalis L., Lavandula dentata L., and Origanum majorana L. The results showed that R. officinalis L. appeared to be particularly well-suited to thriving in MR soil. Our finding also revealed that L. dentata L., O. majorana L., and S. officinalis L. grown in MR exhibited significantly lower growth performance (lower shoot length, smaller leaves, and altered root structure) and higher antioxidant activities, with an alterations of photosynthetic pigment composition. They showed a decrease in total chlorophylls when grown on MR (0.295, 0.453, and 0.562 mg g−1 FW, respectively) compared to the control (0.465, 0.807, and 0.808 mg g−1 FW, respectively); however, they produced higher essential oil content (1.8%, 3.06%, and 2.88%, respectively). The outcomes of this study could offer valuable insights for the advancement of revegetation technologies and the utilization of plant products derived from phosphate-mine residues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the impact of two extraction methods, traditional hydrodistillation (TDH) and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAH), on the essential oil yield and chemical profile of Lavandula angustifolia L., as well as the bioactive potential of the resulting wastewater. Essential oil composition was analyzed via GC–MS, revealing similar qualitative and quantitative profiles for both methods, with α-terpinolene and (–)borneol as major constituents. Wastewater analysis via LC–MS/MS and spectrophotometric assays demonstrated the presence of significant total phenolic content (3.29–1.78 mg GAE/g) and 32 individual phenolics (463.1 µg/kg for TDH; 479.33 µg/kg for MAH). These findings suggest that both essential oil and wastewater obtained by either method possess considerable bioactive potential, with the MAH method potentially offering advantages over TDH for essential oil extraction. Further exploration of wastewater applications in various industrial sectors is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted in Çanakkale province (North-West Anatolia) to determine the optimal auxin dosages (IBA at 2000 ppm and NAA at 1000 ppm) and rooting media (soil, peat, and cocopeat) for the cutting propagation of lavender, which holds significant industrial and commercial value. The research utilized three varieties belonging to the Lavandula angustifolia Mill species: Hemus, Sevtopolis and Drujba, as well as the Super A variety from the Lavandula × intermedia Emeric ex Loisel species. The experiment was organized with three replications, following a split-plot trial design divided into random plots. Results indicated that the Super A variety of Lavandula × intermedia Emeric ex Loisel, when cultivated in cocopeat medium with IBA at 2000 ppm, achieved the highest rooting rate (88.33%) and rooting status (17.67 units). The Sevtopolis variety of the Lavandula angustifolia species exhibited the highest values for root number (15.33), root length (9.88 cm), shoot number (20.93), and shoot length (15.35 cm) when grown in cocopeat medium with IBA at 2000 ppm. Based on these findings, the use of cocopeat medium and IBA at 2000 ppm auxin application is recommended for the effective propagation of lavender by cuttings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of aromatherapy with an essential oil blend containing lavender, bergamot, ylangylang, and sweet orange, compared with placebo, on perceptions of anxiety in ICU RNs. Methods: Nurses recruited from six adult ICUs and a neonatal ICU participated in this blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study, which took place over a 30-day intervention period. Results: Although there were no statistically significant changes in anxiety pre- to postintervention or between the intervention and placebo groups, there were also no adverse events or untoward effects. Conclusion: The results of this study may support aromatherapy as an evidence-based strategy to reduce anxiety in ICU nurses. Additional research is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The blister beetle Epicauta atomaria (Germar) (Coleoptera: Meloidae) is a phytophagous pest of various agricultural crops, especially in Amaranthaceae, Solanaceae, and Fabaceae. Currently, this insect is managed through the spraying of synthetic insecticides that cause serious human health and environmental damage. To reduce the use of synthetic insecticides, the integrated pest management (IPM) programs for other crop pests rely on the use of semiochemical compounds, such as pheromones, kairomones, and allomones, to manipulate the insects' behavior to prevent crop damage. However, studies on semiochemical compounds related to E. atomaria have never been carried out. For this reason, the aim of this study was to explore the chemical communication of E. atomaria. This includes the existence of (i) a sex and/or an aggregation pheromone, (ii) attractant volatile kairomones from host plants, and (iii) repellent volatile allomones from non‐host plants. Tests were carried out using olfactometers and an experimental arena. First, olfactometer tests failed to show the existence of volatile sex and/or aggregation pheromones of these insects. Second, olfactometer and experimental arena tests failed to demonstrate attraction of E. atomaria via volatile kairomonal compounds from host plants (chard, bell pepper, and cock's‐eggs). However, olfactometer tests showed that non‐host plants of E. atomaria (thyme and lavender) emit allomonal volatile compounds with repellent activity. This work represents a first step toward the elucidation of the chemical ecology of E. atomaria and suggests that volatiles from non‐host plants help shape the host preferences of these insects. Those volatiles could be used as a "push" component in a "push–pull" strategy against this pest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lavender plant is a shrub-shaped plant. It contains many active substances such as volatile oils, terpenes, and flavonides are considered antioxidants, antibacterial and antifungal substances. Take up the research extract and detect for flavonoids in the flowers of the lavender plant, especially the anthocyanin pigment, due to its important demand. The dried alcoholic extract (flavonoids) was prepared at different concentrations, estimated in milligrams per milliliter (mg/ml). And to study its effect on the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and the bacteria Bacillus cereus that cause food poisoning, the active ingredient (flavonoids) was detected using ethyl alcohol and the base potassium hydroxide (KOH) at a concentration of 50%. The reagent was added to the aqueous extract of lavender flowers, and a yellow-brown color appeared indicating a positive detection. Then the extraction process was carried out using ethyl alcohol at a concentration of 80% to obtain the pure extract containing the anthocyanin dye. The anthocyanin pigment was identified using HPLC device compared with the standard solution. The active substance appeared at a retention time of 2 minutes. Then prepare a series of half-dilutions of the dried extract from the original concentration of 800mg/ml. For the purpose of testing the sensitivity of staphylococcus and bacillus bacteria to the plant extract using the wells method, and measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone mm. The results indicate that it is in the inhibition zone for Staphylococcus bacteria, it is 17 mm at a concentration of 800 mg/ml which is minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value, and the lowest inhibition zone is 12 mm at a concentration of 400 mg/ml, which is the value of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). As for Bacillus bacteria, its highest zone of inhibition was 22 mm at a concentration of 800 mg/ml which is minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value, and its lowest zone of inhibition was 15 mm at a concentration of 200 mg/ml. which is its MIC value. This result encourages the use of anthocyanin pigment as a preservative in food due to its being an inhibitor of the bacteria that cause food poisoning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) is a valuable crop with diverse applications, but its in vitro rooting can be hindered by its sensitivity to natural auxins and it often fails to root due to callus formation. The current study investigates the effects of light spectra emitted by LEDs and the application of trans-cinnamic acid (t-CA) on the morphology, propagation, and rooting of lavender shoots in vitro. Initially, the influence of different concentrations of t-CA (0, 1.25, 2.5, or 5 µM) was evaluated under fluorescent light. The application of 1.25 µM t-CA was found to be the most effective in promoting root development while minimizing callus formation. Subsequently, the impact of different light spectra (fluorescent light and combinations of blue, red, and far-red monochromatic LED light) was explored. The combination of red and far-red (RFR) light significantly accelerated rooting and resulted in the most substantial increase in root number and length. Finally, the combined effects of 1.25 µM t-CA and RFR light were assessed. This combination produced the most favorable overall results, notably, a 4.3-fold increase in lateral root number compared to RFR light alone. These findings underscore the potential of optimizing both t-CA concentration and light spectra to enhance the in vitro propagation of lavender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the research in the field of medicinal plants as therapeutic supplements has increased significantly. Lavender extract is widely used among medicinal plant products due to its unique therapeutic properties. Since drying processes require high energy, this study was conducted to study the performance of the spray dryer in the production of lavender extract powder at three levels of air temperature 150°C, 180°C, and 210°C, three levels of compressed air flow rate 6, 8, and 10 L/min and ratios of maltodextrin‐drying aid to the mass of dry matter of the extract 0%, 25%, and 50% by response surface method. For this purpose, the energy efficiency and exergy of the powder production process were examined. According to the obtained results, increasing the inlet air temperature and the inlet air flow rate increased the energy efficiency and exergy and decreased the energy efficiency and exergy, respectively. The energy efficiency of the drying process varied in the range of 6.55%–15.87%, and the exergy efficiency (ηex) of the drying process in the range of 2.87%–5.84%. Also, the ηex of the spray dryer was calculated in the range of 20.05%–38.78%. Based on the energy efficiency and exergy, the optimal production of lavender plant extract powder was obtained at the air temperature of 210°C, the compressed air flow rate of 6 L/min, and the amount of drying aid of 11.9 g/L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of aromatherapy in reducing restless legs syndrome (RLS) in hemodialysis patients. Methods: Using the population, intervention, comparison, outcome, study design framework, a search was conducted of eight electronic databases: PubMed, Cochrane, Embase-Ovid, CINAHL, Web of science, Scopus, PQDT, and RISS. The population was hemodialysis patients, and the intervention included aromatherapy aiming at RLS, compared to control groups receiving placebo or usual care. The outcome measured was RLS, and the study design was randomized controlled trials. Results: The analysis included seven articles presenting results from 10 studies, and the pooled overall effect of aromatherapy on RLS in hemodialysis patients was shown by a Hedge’s g of −1.84 (95% confidence interval: −2.45 to −1.23). Meta-regression analysis revealed greater effectiveness in studies that received funding. Age over 60, lavender oil use, intervention duration of less than 4 weeks, sessions longer than 30 minutes, a routine care control group, and quality assessment score of 10 or less were associated with RLS reduction. Conclusion: The study concluded that aromatherapy is effective for managing RLS in hemodialysis patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lavender (Lavandula spp.) is one of the most widely grown essential oil crops in the world. This study aimed to determine the nuclear DNA contents using flow cytometry, pollen viability using TTC (2,3,5-Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride) and IKI (Iodine Potassium Iodide) tests, pollen production quantities using hemacytometric method, and seed retention rates per spike and flower of lavender (L. angustifolia var. Raya) and lavandin (L. intermedia var. Super) grown under ecological conditions in Isparta province of Turkey. The nuclear DNA contents were 2.11 and 2.54 pg 2C-1, respectively in the lavender and lavandin cultivar. The flowers of the lavender cultivar produced abundant pollen grains (average 5800 pollen per flower and 1450 pollen per anther) with high viability (60.65-65.05%) and seed retention rate per spike (91.57% on average). The lavandin cultivar, which had very low pollen viability (1.08-3.32%) and pollen grains (average of 2350 pollen per flower and 587.5 pollen per anther) gave very low seed retention rates per spike (0.60% on average). While each flower had four ovaries with the potential to produce four nutlets, lavandin flowers produced only trace numbers (0.15% on average) of seeds. As a result, the lavandin cultivar had more nuclear DNA content, longer stem and spike, smaller size but more numerous flowers, less and lighter anthers, lower pollen grains and viability, and vey few inviabile seeds compared to the lavender cultivar. It has been observed by eye that honey bees do not visit lavender and lavandin flowers for collecting pollen, but solely for collecting nectar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Several members of the Lamiaceae family of plants produce large amounts of essential oil [EO] that find extensive applications in the food, cosmetics, personal hygiene, and alternative medicine industries. There is interest in enhancing EO metabolism in these plants. Main body: Lavender produces a valuable EO that is highly enriched in monoterpenes, the C10 class of the isoprenoids or terpenoids. In recent years, substantial effort has been made by researchers to study terpene metabolism and enhance lavender EO through plant biotechnology. This paper reviews recent advances related to the cloning of lavender monoterpene biosynthetic genes and metabolic engineering attempts aimed at improving the production of lavender monoterpenes in plants and microbes. Conclusion: Metabolic engineering has led to the improvement of EO quality and yield in several plants, including lavender. Furthermore, several biologically active EO constituents have been produced in microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When more than one product influences the image of a tourist destination, there may be confusion between image and product competition, or it may generate an integrative impact rather than competition. In such destinations, products might be perceived as touristic, some as cultural with symbolic implications, or simply as commercial or industrial products. The study focuses on two major products in Isparta province, namely rose and lavender. It seeks to assess the relationship among rose and lavender via the lens of competition, destination image, and symbolic value. Throughout the evaluation, netnography and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making techniques are used. The opinions of locals and tourists are examined using MCDM, while TripAdvisor evaluations of Kuyucak Village are evaluated using netnography. According to the study's key finding, rose is emphasized over lavender in the destination image, with rose being classified as a cultural product and lavender as a touristic product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most diagnosed male malignancy and the fifth leading cause of cancer death in men. In this book chapter, data on the antiproliferative activity of African medicinal plants and their derived constituents against Pca cells were collected from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, and further analyzed. Based on the established threshold values for naturally occurring cytotoxic products, the best samples were identified. The best plant which could be useful in the chemotherapy of PCa were identified as Lavandula coronopifolia, Calotropis procera, Gladiolus segetum, Tagetes minuta, Inula viscose, Deverra triradiata, Hymenocardia lyrata, Prosopis farcta, and Anogeissus latifolia. The best botanicals were identified as calotroposide M (1), calotroposide K (3), vernomelitensin (2), vernopicrin (4), stigmasterol (5), 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-4)-β-D-xylopyranosyl]-2β,3β,16α-trihydroxyolean-12-en-23,28-dioic acid-28-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside (6), calotroposide I (7), 2β,3β,13α,22α-Tetrahydroxy oleanane-23,28-dioic acid (8), 2,3,4,3′,4′-O-pentaisovalerylsucrose (9), chrysosplenol D (10), and isoxanthochymol (11). These natural products from the flora of Africa constitute a good library of cytotoxic samples, that deserve further investigations to develop novel drugs to combat prostate cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pancreatic cancer (PC) represents the 10th most frequent cancer, with 495,773 new cases in 2020, accounting for 2.6% of all cancers and 4.7% of cancer-related deaths. In the present report, data on the antiproliferative activity of African plant extracts and their derived constituents against PC cells were collected from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, and further analyzed. Based on the established ranking criteria, the best samples were identified. The best plants which could be useful in the chemotherapy of PC were identified as Lavandula coronopifolia, Tagetes minuta, Xylopia aethiopica, Piper capense, Dorstenia psilurus, Echinops giganteus, and Physalis peruviana. The best phytochemicals against PC cell lines were callistrilone O (1), jozimine A2 (2), erythrodiol (3), 3β-hydroxy-urs-11-en13(28)-olide (4), betulin (6), magnolin (5), jozilebomine B (7), jozilebomine A (8), ancistrolikokine E3 (9), damnacanthal (10), gancaonin Q (19), 6-prenylapigenin (20), 2-acetylfuro-1,4-naphthoquinone (21), vernopicrin (22), and vernomelitensin (23). The potent plant extracts and phytochemicals identified constitute potential novel drugs that could be useful in the chemotherapy of prostatic cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of lavender aromatherapy via inhalation as a stress management modality for patients in cardiac rehabilitation. This was a quasi-experimental design. Aromatherapy was provided via inhalation to participants before a cardiac rehabilitation session over 8 minutes using lavender essential oil. The same protocol was used in the non-aromatherapy session without the essential oil. Blood pressure and radial pulse were measured, and subjective data were also collected including assessment of stress level (1-10 scale) and affect using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Analyses were performed using SPSS Statistics version 20. Quantitative measures were analyzed using Mann-Whitney nonparametric equivalent to the t test. Inferential measures were analyzed using the χ2 or Fisher's exact test. In the outpatient cardiac rehabilitation program, 25 patients participated in this study. The average change in negative affect (PANAS−) between pre and post-aromatherapy compared with pre- and post-non-aromatherapy sessions was statistically significant. Results showed a reduction in blood pressure following both aromatherapy and non-aromatherapy sessions with no statistical significance between sessions. Heart rate decreased equally post-aromatherapy and non-aromatherapy sessions. Aromatherapy may be a useful stress management tool for cardiac rehabilitation patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, lavender essential oil (LEO) was added to ice creams as ingredient at 0, 0.02, 0.05 and 0.1% ratios. Some physicochemical, viscosity, rheological, colorimetric, sensory properties, and pathogen inhibition, including L. monocytogenes ATCC 7644 and S. aureus ATCC 29213, of the ice cream samples with the LEO were investigated. It was determined that the melting rate of the ice creams with the LEO was lower (P<0.05) and the overrun values were higher (P<0.05) than the control sample. The highest L* and a* values were determined in the control samples and the sample with 0.1% LEO, respectively. While C* value of the sample with 0.02% LEO was higher than the other samples (P<0.05), the highest white index (WI) value was determined in the control and the sample with 0.01% LEO. The sample containing 0.01% LEO had the highest viscosity values at 20 and 50 rpm. It was determined that there was no statistically significant difference in the consistency coefficients of the samples (P>0.05) and all samples had pseudolplastic flow. The control sample had the highest sensory score, followed by the sample with 0.02% LEO. It was determined that the LEO addition only had a decreasing effect on the count of S. aureus ATCC 29213. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential for grapes and wine to be tainted following vineyard exposure to wildfire smoke is well established, with recent studies suggesting hops and apples (and thus beer and cider) can be similarly affected. However, the susceptibility of other crops to 'smoke taint' has not yet been investigated. Smoke was applied to a selection of fruits and vegetables, as well as potted lavender plants, and their volatile phenol composition determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry to evaluate their susceptibility to contamination by smoke. Volatile phenols were observed in control (unsmoked) capsicum, cherry, lavender, lemon, spinach and tomato samples, typically at ≤18 µg/kg, but 52 µg/kg of guaiacol and 83–416 µg/kg of o- and m-cresol and 4-methylsyringol were detected in tomato and lavender samples, respectively. However, significant increases in volatile phenol concentrations were observed as a consequence of smoke exposure; with the highest volatile phenol levels occurring in smoke-exposed strawberry and lavender samples. Variation in the uptake of volatile phenols by different crops was attributed to differences in their physical properties, i.e., their surface area, texture and/or cuticle composition, while the peel of banana, lemon, and to a lesser extent apple samples, mitigated the permeation of smoke-derived volatile phenols into pulp. Results provide valuable insight into the susceptibility of different crops to smoke contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aromatic and medicinal plants constitute a vast source of bioactive compounds, with remarkable chemical diversity. The aim of the present study is to investigate the antioxidant activity of extracts and fixed oils of Lavandula dentata L. aerial parts. Dried powdered aerial parts of Lavandula dentata was extracted with methanol by refluxing. Different solvent fractions of aqueous methanol extract of L. dentata aerial part were prepared by successive extraction in chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol in order of increasing polarity. Fixed oil of L. dentata aerial parts was obtained by maceration in chloroform at room temperature. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the crude methanol extract was determined using standard methods. The antioxidant activity of the crude methanol extract, fractions, and fixed oil was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. Total polyphenolic and flavonoid contents determination revealed that L. dentata crude methanol extract have high contents of polyphenols (27.43 mg GAE/g), and flavonoids (20.62 mg QE/g). The ethyl acetate fraction of L. dentata exhibited the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 16.41 ± 0.11 μg/mL as measured by the DPPH radical scavenging assay. The n-butanol extract also demonstrated notable antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 42.32 ± 0.86 μg/mL. The fixed oil extracted from L. dentata aerial parts demonstrated mild antioxidant activity, with IC50 of 414.2 mg/mL. The findings from this study have shown that Lavandula dentata aerial parts contains bioactive compounds with antioxidant potentials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the global rise in antibiotic resistance and the prevalence of bacterial biofilm-related infections, the antibacterial efficacy of methanolic, ethanolic, and aqueous extracts of 18 Lamiaceae plants from Serbia was evaluated. The total coumarins and triterpenes were detected spectrophotometrically, while a microdilution assay measured their effects on bacterial growth. Additionally, the impact of these extracts was assessed on Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 adhesion and invasion in human fibroblasts and biofilm formation and degradation. The alcoholic extracts had the highest phytochemical content, with Teucrium montanum and Lavandula angustifolia being the richest in coumarins and triterpenes, respectively. Gram-positive bacteria, particularly Bacillus subtilis, were more susceptible to the extracts. Hyssopus officinalis ethanolic and Sideritis scardica methanolic extracts inhibited bacterial growth the most efficiently. Although the extracts did not inhibit bacterial adhesion, most ethanolic extracts significantly reduced bacterial invasion. Origanum vulgare and H. officinalis ethanolic extracts significantly inhibited biofilm formation, while Teucrium chamaedrys extract was the most active in biofilm degradation. This study significantly contributes to the literature by examining the antibacterial activity of Lamiaceae extracts, addressing major literature gaps, and underscoring their antibacterial potential, particularly Satureja montana and O. vulgare ethanolic extracts, linking their efficacy to coumarins and triterpenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the possibility of producing bee pollens harvested in certain periods from wild mustard (WM), rock rose (RR) and wild lavender (WL) fields, which are common in the region, as single plant bee pollen (BP) was evaluated and some chemical properties were determined in BP collected from these plants. In the research, 4 colonies each were moved to WM fields in Aydın-Efeler, and to the RR and WL fields in Gaffarlar village of Koçarlı district of Aydın province. In these colonies, the plant origins of the BP pellets taken from each group, separated according to their colors, were determined. Pellet weights, moisture contents, crude protein and total phenolic substance amounts were determined in the samples taken from WM, RR and WL BP pellets of defined plant origin. WM, RR and WL pollen pellet weights were 10,42±0,440 mg, 11,69±0,393 mg and 10,40±0,34 mg, respectively. In the same order as the moisture content were determined as 22,10±0,934%, 19,82±0,613%, 20,55±0,667%. In this study, the crude protein contents of WM, RR and WL bee pollen are; 20,5±0,47%; 13,8±2,51%; 16,5±0,95% also in the same order; total phenolic substance values were determined as 21,53±0,514 mg GAE/g, 16,12±0,539 mg GAE/g and 20,31±0,677 mg GAE/g. With this study, it was realized that the BP produced in WM and RR fields in the Aydın precinct can be considered as monofloral BP. The crude protein content and total phenolic substance content of RR bee pollen were found to be lower than the other two plants. It will be possible to establish standards with more comprehensive chemical analyzes on more WM and RR bee pollen samples collected from various locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Histological events occurring in the calluses of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. at the initial stages of in vitro culture (one passage) were described for the first time. It was found that the non-morphogenic callus is mainly represented by parenchymal tissue with few morphogenetic foci, which are mostly degenerated. In morphogenic calluses the in vitro morphogenesis pathways such as de novo organogenesis and indirect in vitro somatic embryogenesis have been identified and multiple developing morphogenetic foci have also been noted. The question of the implementation of the pluri- and totipotency properties of callus cells in vitro is discussed. The histological data can be used in choosing the direction of application of regenerants obtained from calluses of this valuable essential oil and medicinal plant in various cell technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the extracted plants basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.), lavender (Lavandula officinalis L.), immortelle (Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don), savory (Satureja montana L.), and rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus Spenn.) against foodborne and clinical pathogens. Dried plants were used in the production of Dalmatian cow's milk hard cheese at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2% to evaluate the microbiological safety and sensory properties of novel cheeses. The broadest antimicrobial activity was found in rosemary and sage, inhibiting ten indicator pathogens, and the strongest antimicrobial activity was found in immortelle and sage, which showed the widest zones of inhibition. The most sensitive indicators were Staphylococcus species and Yersinia enterocolitica. The supplemented cheeses met the official microbiological criteria and were mycotoxin negative. The surface mycobiota of control and experimental cheeses consisted mainly of Penicillium sollitum, based on the sequence analysis of the beta-tubulin and calmodulin genes. The antifungal effect of the added plants was clearly demonstrated in cheeses with added basil and sage (p < 0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants grown without soil are believed to be less affected by soilborne diseases. However, in a commercial greenhouse in Ethiopia's Rift valley, Lavender plants grown in hydroponic showed signs of severe stunting and galled roots. To identify the cause of the problem, root samples were taken. From these samples, single egg masses were obtained and used as inoculum for tomato cv. Moneymaker seedlings. The resulting seedlings were grown to produce a pure culture. DNA was extracted from second-stage juveniles (J2) from sixteen isolates derived from pure cultures and amplified the 28S rRNA and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (Nad5) region of the mtDNA. The 28S rRNA and Nad5 were sequenced for two and five randomly selected isolates. A BLAST search of 28S rRNA sequences at NCBI showed a 98.34% sequence homology with known sequences of Meloidogyne javanica isolates. Moreover, Nad5 gene analysis, female perennial pattern, and the phylogenetic trees further confirmed the correct identification of this species. This is the first report of a nematode infecting plants growing in a hydroponic greenhouse in Ethiopia. Therefore, isolating any potential contaminants of the potting media for future lavender production are important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lavandula angustifolia Mill., lavender, is an aromatic plant in the Lamiaceae family. Lavender is an important economic plant that is cultivated throughout the world. Previous studies have shown that the primary pollinators of lavender in Europe and North Africa are bee species, specifically Bombus spp. However, similar studies have not been previously performed in North America. The current study, on cultivated population lavender (grown from seed) in Utah (USA), found a diverse community of bees visiting lavender over a 4-week sequential and successive blooming period. The observed and identified bees were distinguished across 8 genera and 12 species, of which 3 were species not native to North America. The most observed bees were Apis mellifera (88.3%), Bombus fervidus (4.2%), and B. huntii (3.7%). To investigate seed production and viability, lavender plants were either caged off and their access withheld from pollinators, or selectively granted access to various pollinators, to determine (1) if lavender is capable of self-pollination, (2) if pollination increases both the seed production rates and seed viability of lavender, and (3) which bee species are the most efficient pollinators of lavender. The findings from this study demonstrate the ecological interactions between pollinators both native and non-native to North America on lavender, a plant native to the Mediterranean region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: The main cause of mortality in burn patients is infection from burns. Drug-resistant bacteria are the main causes of wound infection, so alternative antibiotic therapies hold significant importance. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of a collagen hydrogel that contains a nanoemulsion of Lavandula essential oil on the healing process of infected burn wounds. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 20 rats were randomly divided after applying burns with a 10 mm diameter hot plate and infecting the wounds with multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa into four groups, including a positive control, a negative control, the first experiment (collagen hydrogel), and the second experiment (collagen hydrogel containing Lavandula essential oil nanoemulsion). On the 4th, 11th, and 18th days, tissue samples were taken for pathology studies. The important parameters in burn wound healing with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining methods were investigated and scored according to Abramov's method. Results: Based on the pathology findings, experimental groups 1 and 2 compared to the negative and positive control groups were effective in rat infection wound healing. The hydrogel scaffold in the experimental groups increased fibroblasts and angiogenesis compared to the control groups. Epithelization was noticed only in the hydrogel group containing nanoemulsion. Conclusion: The study findings suggest that the use of collagen hydrogel with Lavandula essential oil nanoemulsion has potential as a wound dressing. This is because it has the potential to effectively promote healing and act as an antibacterial agent to prevent infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transdermal drug delivery offers a promising alternative for administering medications like ibuprofen, known for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, with reduced gastrointestinal side effects compared to oral administration. This study explored the potential synergistic effects of combining ibuprofen with lavender essential oil (LEO) in transdermal patches. The composition of LEO was analyzed, revealing predominant compounds such as linalyl acetate and linalool, which are known for their analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. The physicochemical properties of the patches were investigated, indicating improved cohesion with the addition of LEO. Additionally, thermal stability assessments demonstrated enhanced stability with LEO incorporation with an increase in onset decomposition temperature from 49.0 to 67.9 °C. The antioxidant activity of patches containing LEO was significantly higher with a free radical scavenging ability of 79.13% RSA compared to 60% RSA in patches without LEO. Release and permeation studies showed that patches with LEO exhibited an increased permeation of ibuprofen through the skin with 74.40% of the drug released from LEO-containing patches compared to 36.29% from patches without LEO after 24 h. Moreover, the permeation rate was notably faster with LEO, indicating quicker therapeutic effects. The inclusion of LEO in transdermal patches containing ibuprofen holds promise for enhancing drug delivery efficiency and therapeutic effectiveness, offering a potential strategy for improved pain management with reduced side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to compare the extraction yields, chemical compositions and antimicrobial activities of essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation (HD) and volatile extracts obtained by supercritical fluid extraction extraction (SFE) from oregano (Origanum onites), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), sage (Salvia officinalis), anise (Pimpinella anisum) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum). Essential oil compounds (EOCs) of the obtained materials from both techniques (HD and SFE) were determined by GC-MS/FID. Agar well diffusion method was used for the determination of antimicrobial activities on five different foodborne microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli Enterococcus faecalis and Klebsiella pneumoniae). According to the results; extraction yields of SFE were found to be higher than HD for all tested aromatic plants. Active ingredient ratios (carvacrol, camphor, anethole, eugenole and linalol) varied depending on the extraction methods. SFE extracts were higher antimicrobial activity than HD essential oils, except clove extract on E. faecalis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose : Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is one the most significant ectoparasite in cattle farming in tropical and subtropical regions, causing problems to livestock health worldwide. The control of this ectoparasite primarily relies on the use of synthetic acaricides. However, the emergence of acaricide resistance has stimulated the search for new control alternatives, including phytocompounds with acaricidal and insecticidal potential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acaricidal potential of Lavandula dentata essential oil against the engorged females of R. (B.) microplus. Methods: Engorged females were obtained from infested bovines in dairy farms in Pernambuco, Brazil. L. dentata essential oil was extracted, and adult immersion test assays were performed using the following oil concentrations: 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, and 1%. Results : L. dentata essential oil at a concentration of 1% was lethal to all engorged females, and concentrations of 0.6% and 0.8% caused mortality of 98.6% and 99.1%, respectively. These concentrations disrupted the reproductive capacity of engorged females, reducing oviposition by more than 90% and preventing egg hatching by over 87%. Conclusion: The data revealed that L. dentata essential oil possesses effective pharmacological properties against R. (B.) microplus and could be used for tick control following in vivo evaluation, thus contributing to mitigating the negative impacts of synthetic acaricide use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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