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Background: Cancer is a generic term for a large group of diseases that can affect any part of the body. One defining feature of cancer is the rapid creation of abnormal cells that grow beyond their usual boundaries, and which can then invade adjoining parts of the body and spread to other organs, the latter process is referred to as metastasizing. Metastases are a major cause of death from cancer. According to the World Health Organization, Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, and was responsible for an estimated 9.6 million deaths in 2018. Globally, about 1 in 6 deaths is due to cancer. Approximately 70 percent of deaths from cancer occur in low- and middle-income countries. Around one third of deaths from cancer are due to the 5 leading behavioral and dietary risks: high body mass index, low fruit and vegetable intake, lack of physical activity, tobacco use, and alcohol use. About 28,082 people in Andhra Pradesh died of cancer in 2015, according to the Indian Council of Medical Research which finds that breast cancer is common among women followed by cervical cancer. Between 30-50 percent of cancers can currently be prevented by avoiding risk factors and implementing existing evidence-based prevention strategies. The cancer burden can also be reduced through early detection of cancer and management of patients who develop cancer. Many cancers have a high chance of cure if diagnosed early and treated adequately. Knowledge serves to be the fundamental key to curb this fatal disease. Objectives: The objectives of the present study were 1. To assess the knowledge on breast cancer among women in selected area, Visakhapatnam. 2. To determine the association between knowledge on breast cancer and selected demographic variables. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in Sheelanagar, Visakhapatnam from March 2019 - April 2019 in women aged of 21 - 50 years. The sample size was one hundred (100) respondents chosen by convenient sampling technique. Data for the study was collected using self-designed structured questionnaire. Data collected and analyzed by using descriptive statistical methods. Chi square test was used to test association. Results: Results showed that 38 percent of the study population belonged to age group between 31-40 years. 46 percent of the study population were Hindus. Most of the study subjects (45 percent) were having secondary level education, were housewives (80 percent) and married (89 percent). 68 percent of the study population belonged to nuclear family. Maximum of the study population were from lower middle class (44 percent), 7 percent of the study subjects had a family history of breast cancer. Among the 100 respondents, 32 percent of them had inadequate knowledge, 53 percent of them had moderately adequate knowledge and only 15 percent of them had adequate knowledge on breast cancer. The range of knowledge score was between 0 - 40. The mean was 23.26 with a standard deviation of 8.9. There was no significant association between knowledge on breast cancer and demographic variables like age, religion, marital status, type of family, occupation and socio economic status. Education wise, moderately adequate knowledge on breast cancer was demonstrated by those who had graduate level and post graduate level of education (Chi - Square = 35.49). Conclusion: There is a need for developing health education programs about symptoms and early signs of breast cancer with emphasis on the importance of early breast cancer detection. Breast selfexamination, health education programs and mass media education should be targeted towards females in the age group between 21 years and above, ideally those 35 years of age and above. Further research regarding knowledge and practice of women towards breast cancer is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction is a process of developing new ventures and is a never-ending activity. The aggregates are the raw materials, which constitute 70-80% in the concrete mixture. Every year, it is estimated that the construction industry in India generates about 10-12 million tonnes of waste annually. Concrete is the most versatile material which is used extensively in the construction field. There is a need to think of alternate materials because of the scarcity of natural aggregates. The use of this recycled coarse aggregate is mainly for two reasons: To decrease CO2 emission which is harmful to environment and to reduce the cost of construction material / cost cutting/reduce the budget of the construction. C&D waste can be reduced, re-used and recovered, dramatically reducing the dumping of demolished waste. The main purpose of recycling is to minimize the amount of waste to be deposited and to preserve natural resources. The present investigation is carried out for evaluation of properties of natural and recycled aggregate concrete. Pozzolanic materials like Fly Ash and Silica Fume are used as mineral admixtures for good workability and for better strength. Cement is replaced with 10% SF and 20% FA in design mix. RAC20 made with different grades of recycled aggregates of GA20, GA25, GA30, GA35 and GA40 with different replacements 50%, 75% and 100%. During mix proportion presoaking of aggregates is done before the mixing of concrete. Three stage mixing approach is adopted for the production of concrete. The density of concrete, compressive strength and water absorption of PC & RAC were determined at ages of 7 and 28 days. The results of compressive strength are found to be lower than target strength. With GA20 at 50% replacement, 95% of the target strength is achieved (27.55MPa). Strength could have achieved with increase in curing period. It is also concluded that the water absorption and density of RAC is lower than NAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pathogenic Aeromonas species are causing significantly high mortalities and economic losses among the cultured freshwater fish in India particularly in Andhra Pradesh. The aim of the present study was to identify the Aeromonas species isolated from catla and rohu in two districts viz., West Godavari and SPSR Nellore of Andhra Pradesh. Further, the resistance of the isolated Aeromonas spp. to the currently available antimicrobial therapeutics was determined. It is concluded that A. veronii biovar veronii was the major species of Aeromonas isolated from both Catla catla and Labeo rohita. Antibiotic resistance studies showed that Aeromonas species isolated from cultured catla and rohu were 100% resistant to ampicillin, amoxyclav and oxytetracycline antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glioblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumour, generated by bulk of malignant cancer stem cells, which express various stem cell factors like CD133, BMI1 and nestin. There are several studies which show the importance of CD133 in cancer, but the function and interaction with other major oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes is still not understood. This study aimed to analyse the expression of CD133 mRNA and its correlations with BMI1 protein expression and TP53 mutations in newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients and its role in prognosis. Overexpression of CD133 mRNA and BMI1 protein was found in 47.6 and 76.2% patients respectively and TP53 mutations was seen in 57.1% of patients in our study.There was no correlation among TP53 mutations and expressions of CD133 and BMI1. We found that high level of BMI1 expression was favourable for the patient survival (P=0.0075) and high CD133 mRNA expression was unfavourable for the patient survival (P=0.0226).CD133 mRNA and BMI1 protein expression could independently predict the glioblastoma patient survival in multivariate analysis. In conclusion, the overexpression of these stem cell markers is a common event in glioblastoma progression and could be used as potential prognostic markers.