6,771 results on '"LAURACEAE"'
Search Results
2. Oil and mucilage idioblasts co-occur in the vegetative organs of Ocotea pulchella (Lauraceae): comparative development, ultrastructure and secretions.
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de Deus Bento, Karla Bianca, Canaveze, Yve, and Machado, Silvia Rodrigues
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MUCILAGE , *DEVELOPMENTAL cytology , *LAURACEAE , *PETROLEUM , *MORPHOGENESIS - Abstract
This study compares oil and mucilage idioblasts occurring together in the vegetative organs of Ocotea pulchella, a Lauraceae species. Our focus is specifically on the ontogeny and developmental cytology of these secretory cells. Both types of idioblasts originate from solitary cells located in the fundamental meristem, underlying the protodermis. The growth of both types of idioblasts is asynchronous, with the oil idioblasts developing first, but their initiation is restricted to the early stages of organ development. Mucilaginous idioblasts occur exclusively in the palisade parenchyma, while oil idioblasts are scattered throughout the mesophyll, midrib, and petiole of the leaves. The lamellar secretion of mucilage idioblasts is mostly made up of polysaccharides, while the secretion of oil idioblasts is made up of terpenes and lipids. Cupule occurred only in the oil idioblasts, while suberized layers occurred in both types of cells. We found that immature oil idioblasts that are close to each other fuse; mature mucilage idioblasts have labyrinthine walls arranged in a reticulate pattern; the cells close to the oil idioblasts have a pectin protective layer; and the oil idioblasts have a sheath of phenolic cells. In contrast to previous reports, the two types of secretory idioblasts were recognized during the early stages of their development. The results emphasize the importance of combining optical and electron microscopy methods to observe the ontogenetic, histochemical and ultrastructural changes that occur during the development of the secretory idioblasts. This can help us understand how secreting cells store their secretions and how their walls become specialized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. Affinities of the Ocotea (Lauraceae) species from Cuba.
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Rohwer, Jens G., Zinser, Jan, Moraes, Pedro Luís Rodrigues, and Trofimov, Dimitrij
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STOMATA , *PHYLOGENY , *LAURACEAE , *MORPHOLOGY , *SPECIES , *CHLOROPLAST DNA - Abstract
The affinities of the Ocotea species from Cuba are examined based on sequences of the nuclear ITS region and the chloroplast psbA‐trnH spacer, supplemented by SEM studies on stomatal morphology. The species with bisexual flowers, all of them endemic either to the Greater Antilles or Cuba only, form (at least) two phylogenetically distinct groups. Ocotea bucheri, O. libanensis, O. moaensis, O. reticularis, and an undescribed species, all of them endemics of Eastern Cuba, form the sister group to the genus Damburneya. The remaining species form two clades nested in the Praelicaria clade. It remains uncertain if these two clades are sister to each other or not. The two widespread dioecious species show the expected affinities to conspecific material from other parts of the Neotropics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. Genome mining of WOX-ARF gene linkage in Machilus pauhoi underpinned cambial activity associated with IAA induction.
- Author
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Mingli Shen, Kai Zhao, Xianmei Luo, Lingling Guo, Zhirui Ma, Lei Wen, Siqing Lin, Yingxuan Lin, Hongyan Sun, and Ahmad, Sagheer
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GENE families ,BINDING sites ,CHROMOSOMES ,TRANSCRIPTION factors ,PLANT growth - Abstract
As an upright tree with multifunctional economic application, Machilus pauhoi is an excellent choice in modern forestry from Lauraceae. The growth characteristics is of great significance for its molecular breeding and improvement. However, there still lack the information of WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) and Auxin response factor (ARF) gene family, which were reported as specific transcription factors in plant growth as well as auxin signaling. Here, a total of sixteen MpWOX and twenty-one MpARF genes were identified from the genome of M. pauhoi. Though member of WOX conserved in the Lauraceae, MpWOX and MpARF genes were unevenly distributed on 12 chromosomes as a result of region duplication. These genes presented 45 and 142 miRNA editing sites, respectively, reflecting a potential post-transcriptional restrain. Overall, MpWOX4, MpWOX13a, MpWOX13b, MpARF6b, MpARF6c, and MpARF19a were highly co-expressed in the vascular cambium, forming a working mode as WOX-ARF complex. MpWOXs contains typical AuxRR-core and TGA-element cis-acting regulatory elements in this auxin signaling linkage. In addition, under IAA and NPA treatments, MpARF2a and MpWOX1a was highly sensitive to IAA response, showing significant changes after 6 hours of treatment. And MpWOX1a was significantly inhibited by NPA treatment. Through all these solid analysis, our findings provide a genetic foundation to growth mechanism analysis and further molecular designing breeding in Machilus pauhoi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. Litsea cubeba essential oil: Extraction, chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, and applications in the food industry.
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Liu, Yao, Ren, Huanhuan, and Li, Kehu
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LITERATURE reviews , *ESSENTIAL oils , *FOOD packaging , *CROPS , *FOOD preservation - Abstract
Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. (Lauraceae) is a valuable industrial crop that produces essential oil. The essential oil extracted from L. cubeba (LCEO) has broad‐spectrum antimicrobial activity and high antioxidant properties, with great potential for increased usage in the food industry. This literature review summarizes the extraction techniques, content and chemical composition, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of LCEO, with a focus on its usage in the food industry, which is an area of substantial recent research. The chemical composition of LCEO, which is affected by various factors, plays a key role in determining its bioactivity and usage in food. The potent antimicrobial activity of LCEO against various foodborne pathogens gives it potential for use in food packaging and preservation to extend shelf life. Future research challenges include the elucidation of the role and mechanism of individual chemical components of LCEO in inhibiting specific foodborne microorganisms; cultivar development to produce germplasm that yields essential oils of the desired chemical composition; and the development of commercial products that can be used in the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. An integrative taxonomy of Asian Caryodaphnopsis (Lauraceae) based on morphology and phylogenomics.
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Zhang, Qiang, Sun, Tiantian, Omollo, Wyckliffe Omondi, Le, Chi Toan, Nguyen, Van Hieu, Chen, Zhiduan, Lin, Qinwen, Yang, Yong, and Liu, Bing
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BIOLOGICAL classification ,MOUNTAIN forests ,LEAF morphology ,ENDEMIC species ,PHYLOGENY - Abstract
Caryodaphnopsis is a small genus of the Lauraceae family with disjunct distribution in tropical Asia and tropical America. Taxa from each region form a well-supported monophyletic clade. However, the species circumscription in Asian Caryodaphnopsis remains ambiguous due to few and generally unstable morphological characters used for classification. To address this, we conducted an integrative taxonomy of the Asian clade. We investigated 13 populations, sampled 57 accessions covering the entire taxonomic diversity, geographic range, and morphological variation in Asia, and reconstructed a new phylogeny using single‐nucleotide polymorphisms. We obtained a well‐resolved phylogeny of the Asian Caryodaphnopsis. The first diverged clade consists of three species endemic to lowland forests. The second (largest) clade (eight species in total) mainly occurs in limestone mountain forests and has a double‐layered lower leaf epidermis morphology of type 2 (less complete roomy with closed "roof") and type 3 (complete roomy with closed "roof"). Based on the diagnostic morphological characters, distinct distributional ranges, and monophyly of each clade, we recognize 12 species in the Asian Caryodaphnopsis, including three new species: C. cangyuanensis sp. nov., C. hekouensis sp. nov., and C. rubrinervis sp. nov. We also reinstate C. latifolia, and re‐circumscribe the widespread C. tonkinensis and other species based on fruit and inflorescence morphology and molecular evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. The Complex Genetic Legacy of Hybridization and Introgression between the Rare Ocotea loxensis van der Werff and the Widespread O. infrafoveolata van der Werff (Lauraceae).
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Draper, David, Riofrío, Lorena, Naranjo, Carlos, and Marques, Isabel
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BIOLOGICAL extinction ,PLANT hybridization ,GENETIC variation ,PLANT species ,GENE flow ,INTROGRESSION (Genetics) - Abstract
Hybridization and introgression are complex evolutionary mechanisms that can increase species diversity and lead to speciation, but may also lead to species extinction. In this study, we tested the presence and genetic consequences of hybridization between the rare and Ecuadorian endemic O. loxensis van der Werff and the widespread O. infrafoveolata van der Werff (Lauraceae). Phenotypically, some trees are difficult to identify, and we expect that some might in fact be cryptic hybrids. Thus, we developed nuclear microsatellites to assess the existence of hybrids, as well as the patterns of genetic diversity and population structure in allopatric and sympatric populations. The results revealed high levels of genetic diversity, even in the rare O. loxensis, being usually significantly higher in sympatric than in allopatric populations. The Bayesian assignment of individuals into different genetic classes revealed a complex scenario with different hybrid generations occurring in all sympatric populations, but also in allopatric ones. The absence of some backcrossed hybrids suggests the existence of asymmetric gene flow, and that some hybrids might be more fitted than others might. The existence of current and past interspecific gene flow also explains the blurring of species boundaries in these species and could be linked to the high rates of species found in Ocotea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. Comprehensive Expression Analysis of the WRKY Gene Family in Phoebe bournei under Drought and Waterlogging Stresses.
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Wang, Zhongxuan, You, Limei, Gong, Na, Li, Can, Li, Zhuoqun, Shen, Jun, Wan, Lulu, Luo, Kaijin, Su, Xiaoqing, Feng, Lizhen, Chen, Shipin, and Lin, Wenjun
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GENE expression , *GENE families , *ABIOTIC stress , *WATERLOGGING (Soils) , *PROTEIN-protein interactions , *DROUGHTS , *PLANT growth , *DROUGHT management - Abstract
In response to biotic and abiotic stresses, the WRKY gene family plays a crucial role in plant growth and development. This study focused on Phoebe bournei and involved genome-wide identification of WRKY gene family members, clarification of their molecular evolutionary characteristics, and comprehensive mapping of their expression profiles under diverse abiotic stress conditions. A total of 60 WRKY gene family members were identified, and their phylogenetic classification revealed three distinct groups. A conserved motif analysis underscored the significant conservation of motif 1 and motif 2 among the majority of PbWRKY proteins, with proteins within the same class sharing analogous gene structures. Furthermore, an examination of cis-acting elements and protein interaction networks revealed several genes implicated in abiotic stress responses in P. bournei. Transcriptomic data were utilized to analyze the expression patterns of WRKY family members under drought and waterlogged conditions, with subsequent validation by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) experiments. Notably, PbWRKY55 exhibited significant expression modulation under drought stress; PbWRKY36 responded prominently to waterlogging stress; and PbWRKY18, PbWRKY38, and PbWRKY57 demonstrated altered expression under both drought and waterlogging stresses. This study revealed the PbWRKY candidate genes that potentially play a pivotal role in enhancing abiotic stress resilience in P. bournei. The findings have provided valuable insights and knowledge that can guide further research aimed at understanding and addressing the impacts of abiotic stress within this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. New Chalcone Derivative from Persea americana and Its Anti-Tyrosinase Activity.
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Chumkaew, Parinuch, Jumrat, Saysunee, and Pianroj, Yutthapong
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CHALCONE , *CHALCONES , *PHENOL oxidase , *LAURACEAE , *SEEDS , *AVOCADO - Abstract
Caneeracone A (1), a new chalcone derivative, together with three known compounds (2–4), was isolated from the seeds of Persea americana Mill. (buccaneer avocado). The structures of these compounds were established by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR experiments. Compound 1 exhibited a potent tyrosinase activity with an IC50 of 38.29 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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10. EMERGING PEST THREATS TO LITSEADECCANENSIS GAMBLE: IMPLICATIONS FOR CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT IN THE WESTERN GHATS, INDIA.
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S., Praveena and Jose, P. A.
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LAURACEAE ,XYLEBORUS ,PLANTING ,STEM borers - Abstract
Litsea deccanensis Gamble, a vital wet-season blooming tree in the Lauraceae family, faces a dual threat from the Redbay ambrosia beetle (Xyleborus glabratus) and the Molytinae weevil (Alcidodes porrectirostris). This study, conducted in the Western Ghats, India, explores the impact of these pests on L. deccanensis, a commercially significant species used in agarbatti production. Stem bark exploitation, coupled with laurel wilt disease, contributes to the tree's declining population. These stem borers cause considerable damage to both seedlings and young saplings, and their influence extends to infestations in mature trees. The Molytinae weevils primarily target seeds, posing a significant challenge for the storage and production of planting stock. This dual pest threat jeopardizes the natural regeneration of L. deccanensis, contributing to population decline in the wild. Recognizing the urgent need for conservation, this study marks a crucial step in developing proactive strategies to manage L. deccanensis effectively within its natural habitat, safeguarding this commercially valuable species from further decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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11. Tree Species Composition and Structure of a Vegetation Plot in a Montane Forest in the Department of Amazonas, Peru.
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Sánchez Zamora, Yorena, Sopla Mas, Betty, Coronel-Castro, Elver, Rivera López, Rosalynn Yohanna, Auquiñivin Silva, Erick Aldo, Fernández Jeri, Armstrong Barnard, Oliva Cruz, Segundo Manuel, Gamarra Torres, Oscar Andrés, Giacomotti, José, and Pariente-Mondragón, Elí
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MOUNTAIN forests ,PLANT diversity ,FOREST biodiversity ,MELASTOMATACEAE ,LAURACEAE - Abstract
The diversity and floristic composition of a primeval forest was studied, located in the district of Yambrasbamba–Bongará–Amazonas, delimiting a 1 ha area, and at an altitude of 1890 m.a.s.l. All individuals with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 10 cm were inventoried. The plant diversity in the area was measured and a description of its composition and floristic structure was made. The following were recorded: a total of 640 trees distributed in 39 families, 60 genera and 152 species. The value of the Simpson's index (D) was 0.974 and that of the Shannon–Wiener index was 4.264, indicating that the species had a high abundance of individuals. In turn, Fisher's alpha value (α) was 23.744, indicating a regular diversity in montane forests in relation to different altitudinal gradients. The families with the highest number of individuals were Melastomataceae, Rubiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Phyllanthaceae, and Lauraceae. The most abundant species were Alchornea acutifolia Müll.Arg. with 47 individuals (7.34%), Chimarrhis glabriflora Ducke with 39 individuals (6.09%), Hieronyma alchorneoides Allemão with 39 individuals (6.09%), and Cyathea lasiosora (Kuhn) Domin with 33 individuals (5.16%). A comparative analysis was carried out of plots of montane and premontane forests, and the studied plot presented had the third-highest register of families and genera, behind the plots studied in the provinces of Oxapampa and Chanchamayo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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12. Chloroplast Spacer DNA Analysis Revealed Insights into Phylogeographical Structure of Phoebe chekiangensis.
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Wu, Xiankun, Chen, Yan, Nan, Chenhui, Gao, Shucheng, Chen, Xiangzhen, and Yi, Xiangui
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POPULATION differentiation ,PLANT genetics ,GERMPLASM conservation ,DNA analysis ,GENETIC variation ,CHLOROPLAST DNA - Abstract
Research studies on the conservation genetics of endangered plants play a crucial role in establishing management plans for biodiversity conservation. Phoebe chekiangensis is a precious and scarce tree species resource in the East China region. To comprehend the origin, evolutionary history, geographical, and historical factors that has contributed to the current distribution pattern of Phoebe chekiangensis in the East China region, we conducted a phylogeographic analysis that utilized intergenic spacers of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA). We amplified and sequenced three spacer regions of cpDNA (psbC-trnS, trnL-Intro, and Ycf3) intergenic spacer regions of 306 individuals from 11 populations, encompassing the majority of its geographical range in China. Our analysis revealed a total of 11 haplotypes. The research findings show that the spacer regions of the cpDNA genetic diversity of Phoebe chekiangensis was H
d = 0.423, and the nucleotide diversity was Pi × 10−3 = 0.400. At the species level, the population differentiation index Fst = 0.25610 (p < 0.05), and the gene flow Nm = 0.73. The genetic variation between populations was 29.14%, while within populations, it was 70.86%, with the inter-population genetic variation much lower than the within-population variation. The divergence time between the genera Phoebe and Machilus was estimated to be approximately 37.87 mya (PP = 1; 95%HPD: 25.63–44.54 mya), and the crown group time of the genus Phoebe was estimated to be 21.30 mya (PP = 1; 95%HPD: 9.76–34.94 mya). The common ancestor of the 11 Phoebe chekiangensis haplotypes was 7.85 mya, while the H7, H8, and H10 haplotypes of Phoebe chekiangensis (northern region) differentiated relatively late, with a divergence time of 1.90 mya. Neutrality tests (NTs) and mismatch distribution analysis (MDA) suggest that the time frame for Phoebe chekiangensis to expand southwestward along Wuyishan was relatively short and its adaptability to the environment was low, thereby limiting the formation of new haplotypes. These results suggest that Phoebe chekiangensis exhibited greater adaptation to the northern subtropics than to the central subtropics, offering valuable insights for the conservation and utilization of germplasm resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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13. The chloroplast genome of a subtropical tree Sassafras randaiense (Hayata) Rehder, 1920 (Lauraceae).
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Bashir, Nawaz Haider, Li, Wenbo, Wang, Zijie, Gao, Yong, and Chen, Huanhuan
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WHOLE genome sequencing ,LAURACEAE ,CINNAMOMUM ,CHLOROPLAST DNA ,GENEALOGY - Abstract
The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Sassafras randaiense (Hayata) Rehder, 1920, a subtropical tree in the family Lauraceae, was determined. For a better understanding of the differences between S. randaiense and S. tzumu, the complete chloroplast genome of S. randaiense was sequenced and analyzed. The complete chloroplast genome is 151,781 bp in length, consisting of a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions of 20,114 bp, one large single-copy (LSC) region of 92,740 bp, and one small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,813 bp. The overall GC content of the complete chloroplast genome is 39.2%. Further, maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis was conducted using 31 complete plastome sequences, which support that S. randaiense and S. tzumu are nested among the members of Cinnamomum, suggesting that Sassafras belongs to Cinnamomum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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14. The chloroplast genome of a subtropical tree Sassafras randaiense (Hayata) Rehder, 1920 (Lauraceae)
- Author
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Nawaz Haider Bashir, Wenbo Li, Zijie Wang, Yong Gao, and Huanhuan Chen
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Sassafras randaiense ,Lauraceae ,chloroplast genome ,phylogenetic analysis ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Sassafras randaiense (Hayata) Rehder, 1920, a subtropical tree in the family Lauraceae, was determined. For a better understanding of the differences between S. randaiense and S. tzumu, the complete chloroplast genome of S. randaiense was sequenced and analyzed. The complete chloroplast genome is 151,781 bp in length, consisting of a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions of 20,114 bp, one large single-copy (LSC) region of 92,740 bp, and one small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,813 bp. The overall GC content of the complete chloroplast genome is 39.2%. Further, maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis was conducted using 31 complete plastome sequences, which support that S. randaiense and S. tzumu are nested among the members of Cinnamomum, suggesting that Sassafras belongs to Cinnamomum.
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- 2024
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15. Phylogenetic incongruence in an Asiatic species complex of the genus Caryodaphnopsis (Lauraceae).
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Yang, Shiting, Huang, Jiepeng, Qu, Yaya, Zhang, Di, Tan, Yunhong, Wen, Shujun, and Song, Yu
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MITOCHONDRIAL DNA , *LAURACEAE , *RAIN forests , *SPECIES , *CHLOROPLAST DNA , *SPECIES distribution - Abstract
Background: Caryodaphnopsis, a group of tropical trees (ca. 20 spp.) in the family Lauraceae, has an amphi-Pacific disjunct distribution: ten species are distributed in Southeast Asia, while eight species are restricted to tropical rainforests in South America. Previously, phylogenetic analyses using two nuclear markers resolved the relationships among the five species from Latin America. However, the phylogenetic relationships between the species in Asia remain poorly known. Results: Here, we first determined the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome), plastome, and the nuclear ribosomal cistron (nrDNA) sequences of C. henryi with lengths of 1,168,029 bp, 154,938 bp, and 6495 bp, respectively. We found 2233 repeats and 368 potential SSRs in the mitogenome of C. henryi and 50 homologous DNA fragments between its mitogenome and plastome. Gene synteny analysis revealed a mass of rearrangements in the mitogenomes of Magnolia biondii, Hernandia nymphaeifolia, and C. henryi and only six conserved clustered genes among them. In order to reconstruct relationships for the ten Caryodaphnopsis species in Asia, we created three datasets: one for the mitogenome (coding genes and ten intergenic regions), another for the plastome (whole genome), and the other for the nuclear ribosomal cistron. All of the 22 Caryodaphnopsis individuals were divided into four, five, and six different clades in the phylogenies based on mitogenome, plastome, and nrDNA datasets, respectively. Conclusions: The study showed phylogenetic conflicts within and between nuclear and organellar genome data of Caryodaphnopsis species. The sympatric Caryodaphnopsis species in Hekou and Malipo SW China may be related to the incomplete lineage sorting, chloroplast capture, and/or hybridization, which mixed the species as a complex in their evolutionary history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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16. Selective Retention of Cross-Fertilised Fruitlets during Premature Fruit Drop of Hass Avocado.
- Author
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Hapuarachchi, Nimanie S., Kämper, Wiebke, Hosseini Bai, Shahla, Ogbourne, Steven M., Nichols, Joel, Wallace, Helen M., and Trueman, Stephen J.
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TREE crops ,AVOCADO ,FRUIT ,PATERNITY testing ,FARMERS ,FRUIT development - Abstract
The productivity of many tree crops is limited by low yield, partly due to high rates of fruitlet abscission during early fruit development. Early studies suggested that cross-pollinated fruitlets may be selectively retained during fruit development, although paternity testing of fruitlets to test this hypothesis was technically challenging. We used MassARRAY genotyping to determine the effects of pollen parentage on fruitlet retention and fruit quality of Hass avocado. We identified the paternity of abscised and retained fruitlets at 6 and 10 weeks, and mature fruit at 36 weeks, after peak anthesis. We measured the embryo mass, pericarp mass, total mass and nutrient concentrations of fruitlets, and the seed mass, flesh mass, total mass, diameter, length, nutrient concentrations and fatty-acid composition of mature fruit. The percentages of progeny on the tree that were cross-fertilised increased from 4.6% at 6 weeks after peak anthesis to 10.7% at fruit maturity. Only 1.0% of freshly abscised fruitlets on the ground at 10 weeks after peak anthesis were cross-pollinated even though 6.5% of retained fruitlets on the tree were cross-pollinated. At this stage, cross-pollinated fruitlets had similar nutrient concentrations to self-pollinated fruitlets, but they had higher total contents of P, K, Al, Ca, Fe, Mn and Zn due to having greater fruitlet mass. At maturity, cross-pollinated fruit were 6% heavier and had 2% greater diameter than self-pollinated fruit, without significant differences in flesh nutrient concentrations or fatty acid composition. The results demonstrate that Hass avocado trees selectively retain cross-pollinated fruitlets, which are larger than self-pollinated fruitlets and ultimately produce larger mature fruit. Avocado growers can increase fruit size and yield by improving the opportunities for cross-pollination, possibly by closely interplanting type A and type B cultivars and introducing more beehives into orchards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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17. N-alkylamides from Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. with potential anti-inflammatory activity.
- Author
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Shen, Guo-Dong, Zhang, Yin-Yan, Yang, Nian-Qi, Yang, Tong, Wang, Ting, Lu, Shi-Cheng, Wang, Jin-Yun, Wang, Yun-Song, and Yang, Jing-Hua
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ANTI-inflammatory agents ,COUMARINS ,MOLECULAR docking ,NICOTINAMIDE ,AMIDES ,LEAD compounds - Abstract
Six amides, including a new N-alkylamide (1), four known N-alkylamides (2–5) and one nicotinamide (6) were isolated from Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers., which is a pioneer herb traditionally utilized in medicine. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR experiments and by comparison of their spectroscopic and physical data with the literature values. Cubebamide (1) is a new cinnamoyltyraminealkylamide and possessed obvious anti-inflammatory activity against NO production with IC
50 values of 18.45 μM. Further in-depth pharmacophore-based virtual screening and molecular docking were carried out to reveal the binding mode of the active compound inside the 5-LOX enzyme. The results indicate that L. cubeba, and the isolated amides might be useful in the development of lead compounds for the prevention of inflammatory diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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18. The Analgesic Potential of Litsea Species: A Systematic Review.
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Goh, May Poh Yik, Samsul, Raudhatun Na'emah, Mohaimin, Amal Widaad, Goh, Hui Poh, Zaini, Nurul Hazlina, Kifli, Nurolaini, and Ahmad, Norhayati
- Subjects
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ANALGESICS , *SEROTONIN receptors , *SCIATIC nerve , *PLANT species , *INFLAMMATORY mediators , *SPECIES - Abstract
Various plant species from the Litsea genus have been claimed to be beneficial for pain relief. The PRISMA approach was adopted to identify studies that reported analgesic properties of plants from the Litsea genus. Out of 450 records returned, 19 primary studies revealed the analgesic potential of nine Litsea species including (1) Litsea cubeba, (2) Litsea elliptibacea, (3) Litsea japonica, (4) Litsea glutinosa, (5) Litsea glaucescens, (6) Litsea guatemalensis, (7) Litsea lancifolia, (8) Litsea liyuyingi and (9) Litsea monopetala. Six of the species, 1, 3, 4, 7, 8 and 9, demonstrated peripheral antinociceptive properties as they inhibited acetic-acid-induced writhing in animal models. Species 1, 3, 4, 8 and 9 further showed effects via the central analgesic route at the spinal level by increasing the latencies of heat stimulated-nocifensive responses in the tail flick assay. The hot plate assay also revealed the efficacies of 4 and 9 at the supraspinal level. Species 6 was reported to ameliorate hyperalgesia induced via partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL). The antinociceptive effects of 1 and 3 were attributed to the regulatory effects of their bioactive compounds on inflammatory mediators. As for 2 and 5, their analgesic effect may be a result of their activity with the 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor (5-HT1AR) which disrupted the pain-stimulating actions of 5-HT. Antinociceptive activities were documented for various major compounds of the Litsea plants. Overall, the findings suggested Litsea species as good sources of antinociceptive compounds that can be further developed to complement or substitute prescription drugs for pain management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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19. Complete Plastid Genome Sequences of Three Tropical African Beilschmiediineae Trees (Lauraceae: Crytocaryeae).
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Zhu, Wen, Zhang, Haorong, Li, Qishao, Cao, Zhengying, Song, Yu, and Xin, Peiyao
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WHOLE genome sequencing ,MICROSATELLITE repeats ,LAURACEAE ,GENOMES ,BOTANY - Abstract
Millions of years of isolation have given Madagascar a unique flora that still reflects some of its relationship with the continents of Africa and India. Here, the complete chloroplast sequence of Beilschmiedia moratii, a tropical tree in Madagascar, was determined. The plastome, with a length of 158,410 bp, was 143 bp and 187 bp smaller than those of two closely related species, B. pierreana and Potameia microphylla, in sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar with published sequences, respectively. A total of 124 repeats and 114 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were detected in the plastome of B. moratii. Six highly variable regions, including ndhF, ndhF-rpl32, trnC-petN, pebE-petL, rpl32-trnL, and ycf1, among the three African species were identified and 1151 mutation events, including 14 SVs, 351 indels, and 786 substitutions, were accurately located. There were 634 mutation events between B. moratii and P. microphylla with a mean nucleotide variability (π) value of 0.00279, while there were 827 mutation events between B. moratii and B. pierreana with a mean π value of 0.00385. The Ka/Ks ratios of 86 protein-coding genes in the three African species were less than 1, and the mean value between B. moratii and P. microphylla was 0.184, while the mean value between B. moratii and B. pierreana was 0.286. In this study, the plastid genomes of the three African Beilschmiediineae species were compared for the first time and revealed that B. moratii and P. microphylla from Madagascar were relatively conserved, with low mutation rates and slower evolutionary rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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20. Redbay (Persea borbonia L. Spreng) Seedling and Sapling Growth and Recruitment Near Trees with and without Putative Resistance to Laurel Wilt Disease.
- Author
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Eicholtz, Matthew, Smith, Jason, and Vogel, Jason
- Subjects
DEAD trees ,AVOCADO ,AMBROSIA beetles ,MEDICAL screening ,NATURAL immunity ,TREES ,WILT diseases - Abstract
Laurel wilt, a fungal disease (Harringtonia lauricola T.C. Harr., Fraedrich and Aghayeva) spread by the Asian redbay ambrosia beetle [Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)], presents an imminent threat to North American members of the Lauraceae family, having caused extensive mortality in several species, especially redbay (Persea borbonia L. Spreng). Varying levels of disease resistance have been recorded in redbay under controlled conditions. To investigate if previously monitored putatively resistant field redbays have influenced the regeneration and survival of conspecifics within the surrounding 0.08 ha, a survey was conducted in 2018-19 and compared to similar data collected years prior (2008-09, 2013) along the coasts of Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina, United States. Plots were originally established at six disease-infested study sites around large redbay (>7.5-cm diameter at breast height (1.37 m) (DBH)) that had survived the initial laurel wilt disease epidemic that began in approximately 2007. In 2018-19, a subset of 61 plots within 16 m of the original "survivor" redbay were recorded and compared to previous surveys. Among the original redbay selected for resistance, 22 of 61 (36%) survivors across all sites were alive in 2018 with survival rates varying from 0 to 70% between survey periods (average mortality 3.6%/year). Trees that died in years since 2008-09 had their plots reclassified as susceptible or "suscepts". Changes in mean quadratic diameter at 1.37 m of redbay plots near survivors were significantly greater than those near suscepts, and in 2018-19, the average diameter of redbay near survivors was 7.62 cm vs. 4.90 cm for suscepts. The diameter distribution of dead and live redbay in the whole population showed a decrease in live individuals surviving past 8 cm DBH in 2018–2019, but 20 of 22 survivor candidate trees were larger than 8 cm DBH. Regeneration was occurring both clonally and sexually and tended to be greater near suscepts, but midstory resprouts per hectare and understory seedlings interacted significantly with the site and the latter differed between sites. These findings indicate that redbay is regenerating in these ecosystems, and disease resistance may allow for increased average tree size for some individuals, but an upper size threshold of around 8 cm DBH may still exist for much of the population. In addition, the importance of site variables in regeneration was apparent, making either local genetic or environmental effects an important topic for future research. Continuing to monitor these survivors while locating new candidates for disease screenings and breeding, preventing the introductions of new strains of H. lauricola, shedding light on the nature of resistance and its heritability, and initiating outplanting trials with resistant germplasm are instrumental steps in bringing redbay back to prominence in its historical range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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21. Alseodaphnopsis maguanensis is conspecific with A. hokouensis (Lauraceae) based on morphological and molecular evidence.
- Author
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Lang Li, Dian-yang Zou, Ya-meng Mao, and Jie Li
- Subjects
- *
LAURACEAE , *SYNONYMS , *PHYLOGENY - Abstract
Based on both morphological and molecular evidence, it is confirmed that Alseodaphnopsis maguanensis is conspecific with A. hokouensis. Hence, Alseodaphnopsis maguanensis is treated as a synonym of A. hokouensis here. The conservation status of Alseodaphnopsis hokouensis is also re-evaluated according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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22. Beilschmiedia mengwangensis (Lauraceae), a New Species from Southwest China.
- Author
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Peng, Xiao-bin, Liu, Zhi-fang, Li, Jian-wu, Li, Lang, and Li, Jie
- Subjects
- *
LAURACEAE , *SPECIES , *VEINS , *FRUIT , *FRUIT development - Abstract
Beilschmiedia mengwangensis, a new species of Beilschmiedia (Lauraceae) from Yunnan Province, Southwest China, is here described and illustrated based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence. The new species is morphologically similar and phylogenetically closely related to Beilschmiedia brachythyrsa. However, it can be distinguished from Beilschmiedia brachythyrsa by having larger fruits, longer and thicker fruiting pedicels, larger leaf blades, and more lateral veins. Taxonomic keys for identification are also provided in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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23. Avaliação do efeito antimicrobiano da Persea americana Mill: uma revisão de escopo (PRISMA-ScR)
- Author
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Evellen Bezerra da Silva, Paula Karoliny Bastos BRITO, Beatriz Cerqueira CAPISTRANO, Jeferson de Menezes Souza, and Alice Ferreira-Silva
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Abacate ,Atividade antimicrobiana ,Atividade antifúngica ,Lauraceae ,Education ,Science ,Social Sciences - Abstract
O uso de plantas medicinais é uma prática milenar que constitui fonte de estudo para desenvolvimento de novos agentes antimicrobianos. As substâncias ativas extraídas dessas podem ser importantes aliadas no combate à resistência microbiana, que é um dos principais problemas de saúde pública. A Persea americana, conhecida popularmente como abacate, é um fruto muito utilizado de forma empírica na medicina popular. O seu potencial antimicrobiano é explorado por todo o mundo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão sistemática de escopo pelo método PRISMA-ScR, selecionando artigos científicos publicados em bancos de dados, entre os anos de 2015 até março de 2021, sobre o efeito antimicrobiano da Persea americana Mill frente a microrganismos de interesse para a indústria médica e agroquímica. O extrato dessa planta mostrou-se eficaz contra diversos patógenos, tais como Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis. Devido à ausência de estudos detalhados, é recomendável o desenvolvimento de novos ensaios com foco no isolamento e elucidação de composto(s) químico(s) da P. americana responsáveis pela ação antimicrobiana.
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- 2024
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24. Ecological niche comparison among closely related tree species of Lauraceae using climatic and edaphic data
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Giraldo-Kalil, Laura J., Pinilla-Buitrago, Gonzalo E., Lira-Noriega, Andrés, Lorea-Hernández, Francisco, and Nuñez Farfan, Juan
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Ecological niche models ,Lauraceae ,MaxEnt ,niche differentiation ,SoilGrids ,species coexistence ,tropical rainforest ,WorldClim - Abstract
Edaphic specialization is considered to promote ecological differentiation among closely related species of Damburneya (Lauraceae) occurring in sympatry. However, little is known about the effects of soil and other key environmental factors like climate on the ecological niche and distributionof these tree species. Here, we assessed the role of climate and soil on niche divergence and potential distribution of four Damburneya species whose distributions span Central America and Mexico. We performed ecological niche modeling with MaxEnt using three sets of environmental data: climatic-only, edaphic-only, and a combination of both, to characterize species niches and suitable distribution areas. Niche overlap was quantified, and niche similarity was tested to assess niche differentiation among species. Climate and soil determined species’ potential distribution. While climatic niches were mostly similar, edaphic niches tended to differ. Warm and moist tropical forests with no water deficit and low seasonality in precipitation are the most suitable environments for the four species. This study supports previous reports of wide ecological plasticity of Damburneya salicifolia based on its distribution and leaf trait variation, as it occurred in drier environments with wider temperature and soil pH ranges than the other species. The observed patterns of niche similarity did not reflect the phylogenetic relationships between species, suggesting that the modeled niches do not necessarily reflect past evolutionary processes but rather the current environmental variation across the geographical ranges of the species. The results suggest that the studied species are similarly constrained by climate and toleratewide edaphic variation, supporting a potential role for soils on ecological divergence within the genus. On the other hand, performance and predictions varied between models built with different datasets. This research supports the utility of including climate and soil data in ecological niche models to comprehensively analyze the niche and distribution of plant species.
- Published
- 2023
25. Aiouea padiformis extract exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the ATPase activity of NLRP3
- Author
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Sumin Lee, Qianying Ye, Hyeyun Yang, Sojung Lee, YeJi Kim, Nahyun Lee, Darwin Gonzalez-Cox, Dong-Keun Yi, Soo-Yong Kim, Sangho Choi, Taesoo Choi, Man S. Kim, Seong Su Hong, Chun Whan Choi, Yoonsung Lee, and Yong Hwan Park
- Subjects
NLRP3 inflammasome ,Anti-inflammation ,Plant extracts ,Aiouea padiformis ,Lauraceae ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Inflammation is implicated as a cause in many diseases. Most of the anti-inflammatory agents in use are synthetic and there is an unmet need for natural substance-derived anti-inflammatory agents with minimal side effects. Aiouea padiformis belongs to the Lauraceae family and is primarily found in tropical regions. While some members of the Aiouea genus are known to possess anti-inflammatory properties, the anti-inflammatory properties of Aiouea padiformis extract (AP) have not been investigated. In this study, we aimed to examine the anti-inflammatory function of AP through the NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Treatment with AP inhibited the secretion of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome in J774A.1 and THP-1 cells without affecting the viability. In addition, AP treatment did not influence NF-κB signaling, potassium efflux, or intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production—all of which are associated with NLRP3 inflammasome activation. However, intriguingly, AP treatment significantly reduced the ATPase activity of NLRP3, leading to the inhibition of ASC oligomerization and speck formation. Consistent with cellular experiments, the anti-inflammatory property of AP in vivo was also evaluated using an LPS-induced inflammation model in zebrafish, demonstrating that AP hinders NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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26. IMPORTÂNCIA ECONÔMICA DA FAMILIA LAURACEAE Linal.
- Author
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Carlos Alexandre Marques
- Subjects
Lauraceae ,Botânica econômica ,medicina popular ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 - Abstract
RESUMO O presente trabalho apresenta uma breve revisão sobre a importância econômica da família Lauraceae. Através de levantamentos bibliográficos, obteve-sc dados relativos a 52 espécies, pertencentes a 12 gêneros, que são utilizados na culinária, na fabricação de papel, em marcenaria e construção civil, na indústria química e na medicina popular. Os gêneros Aniba, Nectandra e O colea apresentaram o maior número de espécies de importância econômica.
- Published
- 2024
27. A New Blend of Litsea cubeba, Pinus mugo, and Cymbopogon winterianus Essential Oil Active as an Anti-tyrosinase Ingredient in Topical Formulations.
- Author
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Capetti, Francesca, Cagliero, Cecilia, Argenziano, Monica, Cavalli, Roberta, Dianzani, Chiara, Pavarino, Marta, Bicchi, Carlo, Rubiolo, Patrizia, and Sgorbini, Barbara
- Subjects
- *
CUTANEOUS therapeutics , *SKIN diseases , *PATIENT safety , *EMULSIONS , *RESEARCH funding , *ESSENTIAL oils , *MELANINS , *HYDROCARBONS , *PLANT extracts , *OXIDOREDUCTASES , *DOSAGE forms of drugs , *ORGANIC compounds , *CHEMICAL inhibitors - Abstract
Tyrosinase is a target enzyme to be inhibited in order to reduce excessive melanin production and prevent typical age-related skin disorders. Essential oils are complex mixtures of volatile compounds, belonging mainly to monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids, which have been relatively little studied as tyrosinase inhibitors. Among the monoterpenoids, citral (a mixture of neral and geranial) is a fragrance compound in several essential oils that has shown interesting tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Although citral is listed as an allergen among the 26 fragrances in Annex III of the Cosmetics Directive 2003/15/EC, it can be safely used for the formulation of topical products in amounts that are not expected to cause skin sensitization, as shown by various commercially available products. The aim of this work was to evaluate two different formulations (oil/water emulsion, oily solution) containing a new combination of essential oils (Litsea cubeba, Pinus mugo, Cymbopogon winterianus) applied to the skin both in nonocclusive and partially occlusive modes. The blend is designed to reduce the concentration of citral to avoid potential skin reactions while taking advantage of the inhibitory activity of citral. Specifically, the amount of citral and other bioactive compounds (myrcene, citronellal) delivered through the skin was studied as a function of formulation and mode of application. The results show that an oil/water emulsion is preferable because it releases the bioactive compounds rapidly and minimizes their evaporative loss. In addition, semi-occluded conditions are required to prevent evaporation, resulting in higher availability of the bioactive compounds in viable skin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Re-sequencing of the complete chloroplast genome of Cinnamomum burmanni (Nees & T.Nees) Blume (Lauraceae) from Indonesia using MinION Oxford Nanopore Technologies [version 2; peer review: 1 approved with reservations, 1 not approved]
- Author
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Richard Andreas Salindeho, Fifi Gus Dwiyanti, Rahadian Pratama, Deden Derajat Matra, Muhammad Majiidu, and Iskandar Z. Siregar
- Subjects
Genome Note ,Articles ,Conservation ,complete chloroplast genome ,Lauraceae ,phylogenetic - Abstract
Cinnamomum burmanni (Nees & T.Nees) Blume (Lauraceae) belongs to the Magnoliids group and is mainly distributed in Indonesia and Southeast Asia. The complete chloroplast (cp) genome of C. burmanni sampled from Indonesia was assembled and annotated for the first time in this study. The length of the cp genome is 152,765 bp with a GC content of 39%, and it consists of four subregions: a large single-copy (LSC) region of 93,636 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,893 bp and two inverted repeats (IR) regions (IRA 20,121 bp; IRB 20,115 bp) . The cp genome of C. burmanni encodes a total of 173 unique genes, which are 96 protein-coding genes, 19 rRNA genes, and 68 tRNA genes that can be utilized for advanced genetic and genomic studies of the species.
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- 2024
- Full Text
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29. Unpredictable Chemical Diversity of Essential Oils in Cinnamomum burmanni (Lauraceae) Living Collections: Beyond Maternally Inherited Phylogenetic Relationships.
- Author
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Xie, Peiwu, Yang, Qiyi, Chen, Jielian, Tu, Tieyao, Lian, Huiming, He, Boxiang, and Cai, Yanling
- Subjects
- *
ESSENTIAL oils , *CHLOROPLAST DNA , *CINNAMOMUM , *LAURACEAE , *CYTOPLASMIC inheritance , *BOTANICAL gardens - Abstract
The genus Cinnamomum encompasses diverse species with various applications, particularly in traditional medicine and spice production. This study focuses on Cinnamomum burmanni, specifically on a high-D-borneol-content chemotype, known as the Meipian Tree, in Guangdong Province, South China. This research explores essential oil diversity, chemotypes, and chloroplast genomic diversity among 28 C. burmanni samples collected from botanical gardens. Essential oils were analyzed, and chemotypes classified using GC-MS and statistical methods. Plastome assembly and phylogenetic analysis were conducted to reveal genetic relationships. Results showed distinct chemotypes, including eucalyptol and borneol types, with notable variations in essential oil composition. The chloroplast genome exhibited conserved features, with phylogenetic analysis revealing three major clades. Borneol-rich individuals in clade II suggested a potential maternal inheritance pattern. However, phylogenetic signals revealed that the composition of essential oils is weakly correlated with plastome phylogeny. The study underscores the importance of botanical gardens in preserving genetic and chemical diversity, offering insights for sustainable resource utilization and selective breeding of high-yield mother plants of C. burmanni. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Chemical Profile of Ocotea delicata (Lauraceae) Using Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry–Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking Workflow.
- Author
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da Silva Antonio, Ananda, dos Santos, Gustavo Ramalho Cardoso, Pereira, Henrique Marcelo Gualberto, da Veiga-Junior, Valdir Florêncio, and Wiedemann, Larissa Silveira Moreira
- Subjects
SOCIAL networks ,NATURAL products ,LAURACEAE ,QUINIC acid ,WORKFLOW ,ETHANOL - Abstract
Ocotea, the largest genus in the Lauraceae family, encompasses numerous species of scientific interest. However, most Ocotea species have only been described morphologically. This study used an untargeted metabolomics workflow with UHPLC-HRMS and GNPS-FBMN to provide the first chemical evaluation of the polar specialized metabolites of O. delicata leaves. Leaves from three O. delicata specimens were extracted using ultrasound-assisted extraction with 70% ethanol. Among the examined samples, 44 metabolites, including alkaloids and flavonoids, were identified. In contrast to other Ocotea species, O. delicata has a wider diversity of kaempferol derivatives than quercetin. The biomass of the specimens showed a significant correlation with the chemical profile. The similarity among specimens was mostly determined by the concentrations of quinic acid, kaempferol glycosides, and boldine. The evaluated specimens exhibited chemical features similar to those of species classified as New World Ocotea, with the coexistence of aporphine and benzylisoquinoline alkaloids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Aiouea padiformis extract exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the ATPase activity of NLRP3.
- Author
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Lee, Sumin, Ye, Qianying, Yang, Hyeyun, Lee, Sojung, Kim, YeJi, Lee, Nahyun, Gonzalez-Cox, Darwin, Yi, Dong-Keun, Kim, Soo-Yong, Choi, Sangho, Choi, Taesoo, Kim, Man S., Hong, Seong Su, Choi, Chun Whan, Lee, Yoonsung, and Park, Yong Hwan
- Subjects
- *
NLRP3 protein , *ADENOSINE triphosphatase , *PYRIN (Protein) , *REACTIVE oxygen species , *ANTI-inflammatory agents , *INTERLEUKIN-1 receptors , *POTASSIUM channels - Abstract
Inflammation is implicated as a cause in many diseases. Most of the anti-inflammatory agents in use are synthetic and there is an unmet need for natural substance-derived anti-inflammatory agents with minimal side effects. Aiouea padiformis belongs to the Lauraceae family and is primarily found in tropical regions. While some members of the Aiouea genus are known to possess anti-inflammatory properties, the anti-inflammatory properties of Aiouea padiformis extract (AP) have not been investigated. In this study, we aimed to examine the anti-inflammatory function of AP through the NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Treatment with AP inhibited the secretion of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome in J774A.1 and THP-1 cells without affecting the viability. In addition, AP treatment did not influence NF-κB signaling, potassium efflux, or intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production—all of which are associated with NLRP3 inflammasome activation. However, intriguingly, AP treatment significantly reduced the ATPase activity of NLRP3, leading to the inhibition of ASC oligomerization and speck formation. Consistent with cellular experiments, the anti-inflammatory property of AP in vivo was also evaluated using an LPS-induced inflammation model in zebrafish, demonstrating that AP hinders NLRP3 inflammasome activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Intraspecific differentiation of Lindera obtusiloba as revealed by comparative plastomic and evolutionary analyses.
- Author
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Tian, Xiangyu, Guo, Jia, Song, Yu, Yu, Qunfei, Liu, Chao, Fu, Zhixi, Shi, Yuhua, Shao, Yizhen, and Yuan, Zhiliang
- Subjects
- *
CHLOROPLAST DNA , *GENE flow , *LAURACEAE - Abstract
Lindera obtusiloba Blume is the northernmost tree species in the family Lauraceae, and it is a key species in understanding the evolutionary history of this family. The species of L. obtusiloba in East Asia has diverged into the Northern and Southern populations, which are geographically separated by an arid belt. Though the morphological differences between populations have been observed and well documented, intraspecific variations at the plastomic level have not been systematically investigated to date. Here, ten chloroplast genomes of L. obtusiloba individuals were sequenced and analyzed along with three publicly available plastomes. Comparative plastomic analysis suggests that both the Northern and the Southern populations share similar overall structure, gene order, and GC content in their plastomes although the size of the plasome and the level of intraspecific variability do vary between the two populations. The Northern have relatively larger plastomes while the Southern population possesses higher intraspecific variability, which could be attributed to the complexity of the geological environments in the South. Phylogenomic analyses also support the split of the Northern and Southern clades among L. obtusiloba individuals. However, there is no obvious species boundary between var. obtusiloba and var. heterophylla in the Southern population, indicating that gene flow could still occur between these two varieties, and this could be used as a good example of reticulate evolution. It is also found that a few photosynthesis‐related genes are under positive selection, which is mainly related to the geological and environmental differences between the Northern and the Southern regions. Our results provide a reference for phylogenetic analysis within species and suggest that phylogenomic analyses with a sufficient number of nuclear and chloroplast genomic target loci from widely distributed individuals could provide a deeper understanding of the population evolution of the widespread species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. NOTES ON THE STATUS OF BEILSCHMIEDIA FAGIFOLIA VAR. GAURII (LAURACEAE).
- Author
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Rasingam, Ladan and Chakrabarty, Tapas
- Subjects
- *
LAURACEAE , *BIOLOGICAL classification , *BOTANICAL specimens , *LITERATURE reviews , *BOTANY - Abstract
This article provides information on the distribution and taxonomy of two species of Euphorbia in West Bengal, India. The authors collected specimens and compared them to existing literature and herbarium specimens, identifying the species as Euphorbia hypericifolia and Euphorbia hyssopifolia. Detailed descriptions, habitat information, and distribution data are provided for ease of identification. The article also discusses the taxonomic treatment of Beilschmiedia gaurii, a plant species found in the Andaman Islands of India, describing its characteristics, habitat, and distribution. The authors express gratitude to various organizations and individuals for their support and assistance in conducting the research. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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34. Persea quarciticola (Lauraceae), a new species from Espírito Santo, Brazil.
- Author
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de Moraes, Pedro Luís Rodrigues and Brotto, Marcelo Leandro
- Subjects
- *
AVOCADO , *LAURACEAE , *SPECIES , *SEA level , *PLANT classification - Abstract
Persea is a genus of Lauraceae with about 101 accepted species from the Americas and another two from the Macaronesian Islands and the Azores. The New World species occur in subtropical to tropical regions from sea level to ca. 4000 m. Recent field work in southeastern Brazil, as well as the study of 1432 collections of Brazilian Persea, revealed a new species that we describe here as Persea quarciticola. The new species belongs to Persea subg. Eriodaphne. It is restricted to the 'morros de sal' (mountains of quartz) of Vargem Alta, Espírito Santo, between 600 and 800 m. We provide a complete description of the new species, including illustrations, a distribution map, and discussion on its putative relationships within the genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Comparative Analysis of Chloroplast Genomes of "Tiantai Wu-Yao" (Lindera aggregata) and Taxa of the Same Genus and Different Genera.
- Author
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Shi, Yujie, Chen, Zhen, Jiang, Jingyong, Li, Xiaobai, and Zeng, Wei
- Subjects
- *
CHLOROPLAST DNA , *ADAPTIVE radiation , *COMPARATIVE studies , *GENETIC markers , *PHYLOGENY , *LAURACEAE - Abstract
Lindera aggregata is a species of the Lauraceae family, which has important medicinal, economic and ornamental values. In this study, we sequenced, assembled and annotated the chloroplast genome of L. aggregata and reannotated and corrected eight unverified annotations in the same genus. The chloroplast genomes taxa from Lindera and from different genera of Lauraceae were compared and analyzed, and their phylogenetic relationship and divergence time were speculated. All the 36 chloroplast genomes had typical quadripartite structures that ranged from 150,749 to 154,736 bp in total length. These genomes encoded 111–112 unique genes, including 78–79 protein-coding genes, 29–30 tRNA and 4 rRNA. Furthermore, there were 78–97 SSRs loci in these genomes, in which mononucleotide repeats were the most abundant; there were 24–49 interspersed repeats, and forward repeat types were the most frequent. The codon bias patterns of all species tended to use codons ending with A or U. Five and six highly variable regions were identified within genus and between genera, respectively, and three common regions (ycf1, ndhF-rpl32 and rpl32-trnL) were identified, which can be used as important DNA markers for phylogeny and species identification. According to the evaluation of the Ka/Ks ratio, most of the genes were under purifying selection, and only 10 genes were under positive selection. Finally, through the construction of the evolutionary tree of 39 chloroplast genomes, the phylogenetic relationship of Lauraceae was clarified and the evolutionary relationship of Lindera was revealed. The species of genus Lindera experienced rapid adaptive radiation from Miocene to Pleistocene. The results provided valuable insights for the study of chloroplast genomes in the Lauraceae family, especially in the genus Lindera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. The quality evaluation of the laurel leaf samples sold in the market under the name of "Defne Yaprağı".
- Author
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Kendir, Gülsen, Özek, Gülmira, Köroğlu, Ayşegül, and Özek, Temel
- Subjects
- *
ESSENTIAL oils , *OPTICAL rotation , *REFRACTIVE index , *CITIES & towns - Abstract
Laurus nobilis L. is an aromatic shrub or tree, Mediterranean element. The leaves are employed as a spice and for medicinal purposes. It is known by various names in Turkey, such as "defne, har and tehnel." In this study, 15 different laurel leaf samples were purchased from 6 different cities in Turkey, diagnosed, and evaluated in terms of quality. The conditions of use and sale of these samples were evaluated. The essential oils obtained from the leaf samples were analyzed, and their physical properties such as density, refractive index, and optical rotation were determined. In the chemical composition of the oils, 1,8-cineole (41.2–64.4%), sabinene (1.5–15.9%), and α-terpinyl acetate (1.5–15%) have been found to be the major components. However, in one station, the presence of 1,8-cineole was not be determined. Laurel leaf drugs offered for sale in some provinces of Turkey were purchased from the market and their morphological characteristics and essential oil profiles were examined and evaluated in terms of public health. It was determined that these samples should be standardized and quality-controlled before being released to the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Essential oils of Lauraceae: antimicrobial activity and constituents of essential oil from two Machilus species from Vietnam.
- Author
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Huong, Le Thi, Chau, Dao Thi Minh, An, Nguyen Thi Giang, Dai, Do Ngoc, Giwa-Ajeniya, Abdulaateef Olufemi, and Ogunwande, Isiaka Ajani
- Subjects
- *
ESSENTIAL oils , *ANTI-infective agents , *LAURACEAE , *BACILLUS cereus , *ENTEROCOCCUS faecalis , *TERPENES - Abstract
The chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils isolated from the leaves of Machilus cicatricosa S.K. Lee and Machilus bonii Lecomte from Vietnam were studied and reported. The techniques of gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to characterize the chemical constituents of the essential oil while the microdilution assay was used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity. The main constituents of the leaf oil of M. cicatricosa were α-pinene (20.6%), bicyclogermacrene (15.2%), linalool (14.9%), and β-pinene (8.4%). On the other hand (E)-β-ocimene (26.3%), bicyclogermacrene (23.6%) and (E)-nerolidol (9.1%) were the major constituents of M. bonii leaf essential oil. The studied essential oils displayed antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 64.0 μg/mL. In addition, essential oil from the leaf of M. bonii was the most active towards Bacillus cereus ATCC14579 with MIC value of 64.0 μg/mL, while M. cicatricosa showed stronger anti-candidal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 10231 with MIC value of 32.0 μg/mL. This is the first report on the chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of M. cicatricosa and M. bonii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Chemical Profiles and Bioactivities of the Essential Oils from Four Lauraceae Plants for Controlling Tribolium castaneum Herbst.
- Author
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Yang Wang, Yu Zheng, Qiuju Lyu, Shuaifeng Li, Lijie Wu, Danhong Yu, and Shushan Du
- Subjects
- *
RED flour beetle , *ESSENTIAL oils , *CHEMICAL plants , *LAURACEAE , *GAS chromatography/Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) , *INSECT pest control , *ETHYLENE oxide , *TERPENES - Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) from Lauraceae plants have been extensively investigated in the control of storedproduct insects. In this work, four Lauraceae species namely Lindera communis Hemsl., Phoebe neurantha (Hemsl.) Gamble, Litsea rotundifolia Hemsl. var. oblongifolia (Nees) Allen and Litsea variabilis Hemsl. var. oblonga Lec. were collected for extracting EOs by hydro-distillation and their chemical compositions were comparatively analyzed by GC/MS and GC/FID. Furthermore, contact toxicity and repellency of these EOs were evaluated against Tribolium castaneum Herbst, a universal model insect used in fundamental and applied research. Results indicated that EOs from Lin. communis, P. neurantha, Lit. rotundifolia and Lit. variabilis were mainly composed of sesquiterpenoids including (E)-ß-famesene, cis-a-bisabolene, a-selinene, eremophilene, ß-selinene, etc. In bioassays, all the EOs at maximum testing concentration of 78.63 nL/cm2 were significantly repellent to T. castaneum adults at 2 and 4 h post-exposure, which were comparable to the positive control DEET. Among them, EOs from P. neurantha, Lit. rotundifolia, Lin. communis P and Q also had contact toxicity with LD50 values of 14.52, 17.58, 23.82 and 86.63 µg/adult respectively. It suggests that the four species of Lauraceae have promising potential to be developed into botanical repellents and contact toxicants against stored-product insects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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39. Notes on the floral biology of South Florida Lauraceae: Cassytha filiformis and Persea palustris.
- Author
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Rogers, George K.
- Subjects
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AVOCADO , *LITERATURE reviews , *LAURACEAE , *BIOLOGY , *SELF-pollination , *POLLINATORS , *THRIPS , *POLLEN - Abstract
South Florida Lauraceae Cassytha flifbrmis and Persec, palustris have poorly documented floral biology. Cassytha fitiformis is a pantropical, nearly leafless parasitic twining vine abundant in South Florida. A literature review turned up essentially no information on its breeding system. Bagging experiments, floral inonitoring, stigmatic pollen counts, and floral dissections demonstrated self-pollination, apparently mixed with infrequent inter-floral pollen exchange. Thrips identified as probable Pseudothrips inequalis occupy the flowers at widely different concentrations in different Cassytha populations, and the larvae sometimes inhabit the space between the succulent perianth tube and hard fruit pericarp Persea palustris is a congener with the relatively well - studied commercial Avocado OR americana). Preliminary indications in older literature based mainly on Avocado and one additional species, plus informal observations from 1958 on/1 palustris, suggested a hypo - thetical model of two distinct floral types. each type flowering synchronously. According to the model, flowering is divided into two time blocks each day, type A opening synchronously as pistillate in the early time block and reopening as staminate in the later block the next day, type B opening as pistillate in the late time block. to reopen as staininate in the early time block the following day. Field data showed R palustris partial adherence to the model but with substantial deviations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
40. A Pyrone and Flavonoid Derivatives from Cryptocarya crassinervia and their Inhibitory Properties against Receptor Tyrosine Kinases.
- Author
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Nugraheni, Dian, Hermawati, Elvira, Helmanto, Hendra, Firmansyah, Dikhi, Syah, Yana Maolana, and Juliawaty, Lia Dewi
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- *
KINASES , *FLAVONOIDS , *EPIDERMAL growth factor receptors , *TYROSINE , *GLYCOSIDES - Abstract
A new α-pyrone, i.e., cryptocrassinervione (1), and a new flavone glycoside, i.e., kaempferol-3-0-rhamnosyl-2-O-apiofuranoside (4), were isolated from EtOAc extract of Cryptocarya crassinervia leaves. Along with these compounds, two known flavone glycosides, namely afzelin (2) and quercitrin (3), were also isolated. The structures of the new compounds were determined based on NMR and mass spectral data. Compounds 1-4 were examined against eight receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) (EGFR, HER2, HER4, IGFIR, InsR, KDR, PDGFRa, and PDGFRB), which showed that these compounds were moderately active against EGFR, with inhibition percentages of 55, 49, 41, and 44%, respectively. They were weakly active against HER2, with inhibitions of 17, 20, 18, and 16%, respectively. However, they were not active against the rest of the RTKs. Nevertheless, compounds 1-4 have potency as inhibitors of EGFR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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41. First flower inclusion and fossil evidence of Cryptocarya (Laurales, Lauraceae) from Miocene amber of Zhangpu (China).
- Author
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Beurel, Simon, Bachelier, Julien B., Munzinger, Jérôme, Shao, Fuchen, Hammel, Jörg U., Shi, Gongle, and Sadowski, Eva-Maria
- Subjects
- *
GENITALIA , *FOSSILS , *LAURACEAE , *CARPEL , *GYNOECIUM - Abstract
Lauraceae have one of the oldest fossil records of angiosperms with the earliest known evidence from the mid-Cretaceous. However, most of these records are based on leaves, especially from the Cenozoic of Asia, which are often challenging to assign to extinct or extant genera or species. In contrast, fossils of reproductive organs are more informative, but remain scarce. We here described the first Cenozoic Lauraceae flower of Asia and confirmed the presence of Cryptocarya in the Miocene Zhangpu flora (Fujian Province, south-eastern China) based on an amber inclusion. We scanned the specimen using synchrotron radiation-based micro-computed tomography (SRμCT) and then compared the fossil with extant flowers of the genus. The present fossil flower is small, bisexual, and polysymmetric, with a whorled and trimerous perianth and androecium along with a hypanthium around the gynoecium. The perianth comprises six undifferentiated tepals, the androecium consists of nine stamens and three innermost staminodes, and the gynoecium of a single carpel with a superior, unilocular (and uniovulate) ovary. Our study also shows that the fossil shares an unusual position of the typical staminal glands and a short androecial tube on the rim of the hypanthium with at least one extant Australian species of Cryptocarya, which have not been reported before. Nowadays, Lauraceae are still present in tropical to subtropical regions, mostly in American and Asian rainforests. The discovery of many Lauraceae leaf fossils in Zhangpu, as well as the amber flower of this study, is consistent with the current reconstruction of the amber source environment as a megathermal seasonal rainforest during the Mid-Miocene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Tissue Culture Based Conservation Strategies for Litsea cubeba (Lours.) Pers: A Medicinally Importance Plant.
- Author
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Bui, Sukni, Kamle, Madhu, and Kumar, Pradeep
- Subjects
- *
TISSUE culture , *ESSENTIAL oils , *METABOLITES , *ANTIDIARRHEALS , *SESQUITERPENES , *LAURACEAE , *BOTANICAL gardens - Abstract
Litsea cubeba (Lours.) Pers. belongs to the family Lauraceae, which occurs mainly in the tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. The plant gained importance for its essential oils, sesquiterpenoids, flavonoids, lignans volatile oils, and numerous secondary metabolites. The Essential oil extracted from its bark, stem, leaves can be used commercially for the preparation of medicines, insecticides, perfumes, flavors, and colognes. The secondary metabolites extracted from L. cubeba show potential pharmacological activities, viz., antipyretic, analgesic, antidiarrheal and anti-tumor, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-HIV, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, and hypothermic activities. In north east plants and parts sold in the local market and used by local people for various ailments and culinary purposes. Overexploitation of the plants took place due to its essential oils and medicinal value; therefore, conservation strategies are needed. Here, we are summarizing the medicinal uses of Litsea sp. and the conservation strategies for the Lauraceae family plants using various tissue culture approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. The Complex Genetic Legacy of Hybridization and Introgression between the Rare Ocotea loxensis van der Werff and the Widespread O. infrafoveolata van der Werff (Lauraceae)
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David Draper, Lorena Riofrío, Carlos Naranjo, and Isabel Marques
- Subjects
hybridization ,Lauraceae ,neotropical forests ,plant diversity ,tropical trees ,speciation ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Hybridization and introgression are complex evolutionary mechanisms that can increase species diversity and lead to speciation, but may also lead to species extinction. In this study, we tested the presence and genetic consequences of hybridization between the rare and Ecuadorian endemic O. loxensis van der Werff and the widespread O. infrafoveolata van der Werff (Lauraceae). Phenotypically, some trees are difficult to identify, and we expect that some might in fact be cryptic hybrids. Thus, we developed nuclear microsatellites to assess the existence of hybrids, as well as the patterns of genetic diversity and population structure in allopatric and sympatric populations. The results revealed high levels of genetic diversity, even in the rare O. loxensis, being usually significantly higher in sympatric than in allopatric populations. The Bayesian assignment of individuals into different genetic classes revealed a complex scenario with different hybrid generations occurring in all sympatric populations, but also in allopatric ones. The absence of some backcrossed hybrids suggests the existence of asymmetric gene flow, and that some hybrids might be more fitted than others might. The existence of current and past interspecific gene flow also explains the blurring of species boundaries in these species and could be linked to the high rates of species found in Ocotea.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Comprehensive Expression Analysis of the WRKY Gene Family in Phoebe bournei under Drought and Waterlogging Stresses
- Author
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Zhongxuan Wang, Limei You, Na Gong, Can Li, Zhuoqun Li, Jun Shen, Lulu Wan, Kaijin Luo, Xiaoqing Su, Lizhen Feng, Shipin Chen, and Wenjun Lin
- Subjects
Phoebe bournei ,Lauraceae ,WRKY ,drought stress ,waterlogging stress ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
In response to biotic and abiotic stresses, the WRKY gene family plays a crucial role in plant growth and development. This study focused on Phoebe bournei and involved genome-wide identification of WRKY gene family members, clarification of their molecular evolutionary characteristics, and comprehensive mapping of their expression profiles under diverse abiotic stress conditions. A total of 60 WRKY gene family members were identified, and their phylogenetic classification revealed three distinct groups. A conserved motif analysis underscored the significant conservation of motif 1 and motif 2 among the majority of PbWRKY proteins, with proteins within the same class sharing analogous gene structures. Furthermore, an examination of cis-acting elements and protein interaction networks revealed several genes implicated in abiotic stress responses in P. bournei. Transcriptomic data were utilized to analyze the expression patterns of WRKY family members under drought and waterlogged conditions, with subsequent validation by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) experiments. Notably, PbWRKY55 exhibited significant expression modulation under drought stress; PbWRKY36 responded prominently to waterlogging stress; and PbWRKY18, PbWRKY38, and PbWRKY57 demonstrated altered expression under both drought and waterlogging stresses. This study revealed the PbWRKY candidate genes that potentially play a pivotal role in enhancing abiotic stress resilience in P. bournei. The findings have provided valuable insights and knowledge that can guide further research aimed at understanding and addressing the impacts of abiotic stress within this species.
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Re-sequencing of the complete chloroplast genome of Cinnamomum burmanni (Nees & T.Nees) Blume (Lauraceae) from Indonesia using MinION Oxford Nanopore Technologies [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]
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Richard Andreas Salindeho, Fifi Gus Dwiyanti, Rahadian Pratama, Deden Derajat Matra, Muhammad Majiidu, and Iskandar Z. Siregar
- Subjects
Genome Note ,Articles ,Conservation ,complete chloroplast genome ,Lauraceae ,phylogenetic - Abstract
Cinnamomum burmanni (Nees & T.Nees) Blume (Lauraceae) belongs to the Magnoliids group and is mainly distributed in Indonesia and Southeast Asia. The complete chloroplast (cp) genome of C. burmanni sampled from Indonesia was assembled and annotated for the first time in this study. The length of the cp genome is 152,765 bp with a GC content of 39%, and it consists of four subregions: a large single-copy (LSC) region of 93,636 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,893 bp and two inverted repeats (IR) regions (IRA 20,121 bp; IRB 20,115 bp) . The cp genome of C. burmanni encodes a total of 173 unique genes, which are 96 protein-coding genes, 19 rRNA genes, and 68 tRNA genes that can be utilized for advanced genetic and genomic studies of the species.
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Genome size, ploidy estimates, and leaf morphology of temperate Lindera (Lauraceae) cultivated in North America
- Author
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Johnson, Emily K., Pooler, Margaret, and Rounsaville, Todd
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. A new species of Aiouea (Lauraceae) and new records for the flora of Colombia.
- Author
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Soler-Umbarila, Luis Fernando, Ariza-Cortés, William, and Zapata-Correa, Diego Alejandro
- Subjects
- *
BOTANY , *LAURACEAE , *SPECIES , *STAMEN , *FRUIT - Abstract
A new species of Aiouea (Lauraceae) from the Colombian Andes is described and illustrated. Aiouea chicaque is distinguished by the following combination of characters: elliptic leaves with cuneate to attenuate bases, pinnate venation, glabrous, without domatia, externally glabrous flowers with stamens of whorls I and II with four locules, whorl III with two locules, and fruits with persistent tepals in the cupule. According to IUCN criteria, the new species is given a preliminary threat assessment as Vulnerable (VU) based on its reduced area of occupancy and the small number of localities where it is found. Additionally, two species of Ocotea and one of Andea, previously known from the Andes of Ecuador, are here recorded for the first time for the flora of Colombia: O. fistulosa, O. pautensis and A. homeieri. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. LcMYB106 suppresses monoterpene biosynthesis by negatively regulating LcTPS32 expression in Litsea cubeba.
- Author
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Zhao, Yunxiao, Chen, Yicun, Gao, Ming, Wu, Liwen, and Wang, Yangdong
- Subjects
- *
MONOTERPENES , *ESSENTIAL oils , *BIOSYNTHESIS , *LINALOOL , *PRODUCTION increases , *LAURACEAE - Abstract
Litsea cubeba , the core species of the Lauraceae family, is valuable for the production of essential oils due to its high concentration of monoterpenes (90%). The key monoterpene synthase and metabolic regulatory network of monoterpene biosynthesis have provided new insights for improving essential oil content. However, there are few studies on the regulation mechanism of monoterpenes in L. cubeba. In this study, we investigated LcTPS32 , a member of the TPS-b subfamily, and identified its function as an enzyme for the synthesis of monoterpenes, including geraniol, α-pinene, β-pinene, β-myrcene, linalool and eucalyptol. The quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that LcTPS32 was highly expressed in the fruits of L. cubeba and contributed to the characteristic flavor of its essential oil. Overexpression of LcTPS32 resulted in a significant increase in the production of monoterpenes in L. cubeba by activating both the MVA and MEP pathways. Additionally, the study revealed that LcMYB106 played a negative regulatory role in monoterpenes biosynthesis by directly binding to the promoter of LcTPS32. Our study indicates that LcMYB106 could serve as a crucial target for metabolic engineering endeavors, aiming at enhancing the monoterpene biosynthesis in L. cubeba. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Characteristics of broadleaved woody phytoliths and their preservation in soils in the mid-subtropical zone of China.
- Author
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Liu, Lidan, Liu, Hengyu, Liu, Hongyan, and Yang, Youbao
- Subjects
- *
PHYTOLITHS , *WOODY plants , *SOILS , *PLATEAUS , *ANACARDIACEAE , *STOMATA , *LAURACEAE , *SAVANNAS , *FAGACEAE - Abstract
Background and aims: Phytolith analysis is a promising tool for paleovegetation reconstruction. However, compared with grass phytoliths, there are few studies that have classified the phytoliths of trees. Therefore, reliable definitions of phytolith types in woody plants and studies of representative woody phytoliths in soils are needed to provide an improved basis for reliable phytolith-based vegetation reconstruction. Methods: To explore the morphology of woody phytoliths and their preservation in soils, we described the phytolith morphology of 60 common broadleaved woody plants in the mid-subtropical zone of China, based initially on anatomical origin, and then on shape and finally on texture. We also for the first time established an index (R value) to explore the preservation of broadleaved woody phytoliths in soil in this region. Results: We divided the phytoliths of broadleaved woody plants into 6 major types and 35 sub-types. The 6 major types are: Epidermal Cell, Silicified stomata, Tracheary, Favose, Haircell, and Others. We found some degree of correspondence between different phytolith types and the parent plants. Fagaceae, Lauraceae, Magnoliaceae, Rosaceae, Anacardiaceae and Euphorbiaceae could be clearly distinguished from other families based on phytoliths. Only eight types of broadleaved woody phytoliths were present in the soils. Elongate attenuate, Elongate entire, and Polyhedral were better preserved in soils than the other types (Elongate entire attenuate, Tabular sinuate, Hair, Sclereid, and Favose). Conclusion: Our results provide a more accurate reference for broadleaved wood phytoliths in interpreting paleovegetation in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Phylogeny and biogeography of the Cryptocaryeae (Lauraceae).
- Author
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Song, Yu, Xia, Shang‐Wen, Tan, Yun‐Hong, Yu, Wen‐Bin, Yao, Xin, Xing, Yao‐Wu, and Corlett, Richard T.
- Subjects
BIOGEOGRAPHY ,LAURACEAE ,PHYLOGENY ,SEED dispersal ,NUCLEOTIDE sequencing - Abstract
The biogeographical history of many lineages within the Lauraceae remains poorly known because of the difficulty of assigning macrofossils to living genera, poor pollen preservation, and the absence of sufficiently resolved or well‐supported phylogenies. Here, we utilize plastid genome sequencing to reinvestigate the phylogenetic and biogeographic history of trees in the tribe Cryptocaryeae, an important component of broad‐leaved forests worldwide, with around 800 species that rely on vertebrate frugivores to disperse their seeds. A new time‐calibrated phylogeny with high support for 176 species was used to infer the biogeographic history and speciation rates based on inferences of BAMM analyses. A monophyletic Cryptocaryeae with Aspidostemon, Beilschmiedia, Cryptocarya, Dahlgrenodendron, and Eusideroxylon clades was confirmed. The five clades of Cryptocaryeae were estimated to share a common ancestor in tropical Africa or Asia in the Early Cretaceous around 123 Ma. The Beilschmiedia and Cryptocarya clades were estimated to have originated in South America around 66 Ma. Extant subclades of the Beilschmiedia clade could colonize Australia by 35 Ma and extant subclades of the Cryptocarya clade could colonize Australia by 42 Ma. Diversification rates of the Beilschmiedia clade accelerated 14 and 12 Ma after its origin and diversification rates of the Cryptocarya clade accelerated 18 Ma after its origin. Over 45% extant Cryptocaryeae species originated in the three periods of accelerated differentiation in the Miocene of Asia and Australia. Long‐distance dispersal has had a major influence on biogeography, with dispersal to Asia likely occurring seven times, Zealandia six times, America three times, Australia three times, Africa twice, and Oceania at least once. Over 70% extant Cryptocaryeae species which diverged before the Quaternary grow in the Southern Hemisphere, while 90% extant Cryptocaryeae species which diverged in the Quaternary grow in the Northern Hemisphere. The Cryptocaryeae originated in and diversified with the first angiosperm‐dominated broad‐leaved evergreen forests, from the Cretaceous to the Paleogene. Long‐distance seed dispersal, probably by birds, although possibly also by flotation, has allowed the tribe to track these forests in space and time, despite a failure to adapt to cold, dry, or highly seasonal environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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