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Background Objective Method Results Conclusion Implications The COVID‐19 pandemic has had far‐reaching effects on the well‐being and functioning of children and families worldwide. The distinctive contexts in which these families live play a crucial role in determining the extent of the pandemic's effects. The Jewish Ultra‐Orthodox community in Israel, with its unique context, experienced the repercussions of the pandemic in distinct ways.This qualitative study, guided by the context‐informed theoretical perspective, aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the experiences and perspectives of Ultra‐Orthodox families with multiple children regarding the challenges and coping of children during the pandemic, while considering the unique contexts that shape their lives.Semistructured interviews were conducted with 15 parents (eight mothers and seven fathers) and 35 children (18 girls and 17 boys) from Ultra‐Orthodox families. All families had at least six children (M = 7.5). Thematic analysis was employed to analyze the interview data, allowing for the generation of shared themes among the participants' narratives.The findings revealed four primary areas that presented challenges for Ultra‐Orthodox families during the COVID‐19 pandemic: children's studies, fear, crowdedness, and community detachment. Despite these adversities, the study also sheds light on the coping mechanisms employed by Ultra‐Orthodox families of religious beliefs, parental involvement, and the family.These findings contribute to understanding how Ultra‐Orthodox families experienced and navigated the challenges of the COVID‐19 pandemic, highlighting the interplay among religious beliefs, family dynamics, and community structures in shaping their responses.The insights gained from this study may inform the development of culturally competent support services for Ultra‐Orthodox families during crises while potentially offering broader ideas for understanding how close‐knit religious communities cope with acute crises that threaten their traditional ways of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Österreichische Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study is to examine ethnic variations in population fertility in the 1950–1960s, formed in the context of socio-economic development of Kazakhstan. The 1959, 1970, 1989 population censuses, and statistical almanacks “National Economy of Kazakhstan” became the source base of this research. The theory of modernization, interpreted as the transition from traditional to modern society and reflecting the details of ethnically differentiated process of demographic development of Kazakhstan in the mid-20th century provided the methodological basis of the research. Ethnic differentiation within the settlement system and socio-economic activities that developed in Kazakhstan in the 1950–1960s led to ethnically distinct birth rates among Kazakhs and Russians. The demographic potential acquired by Kazakhs in the middle of the 20th century became the demographic basis of sovereign Kazakhstan.

In the 2010s, new family benefits were introduced in Hungary, focusing on large families to halt population decline. However, poverty reduction became sidelined, as these schemes benefited higher‐income earners. Based on poverty statistics, the article investigates how two family types associated with a higher risk of poverty—large families and single‐parent families—fare under this new selective pronatalist system. Furthermore, based on new representative national survey data, the article explores public support for the reforms. Although the income poverty rate for large families significantly decreased during the 2010s, it remained persistently high for single‐parent families, especially large single‐parent families. The findings indicate strong public support for state assistance to large, single‐parent and poor families and state pronatalism. However, the public prioritises support for poor, single‐parent families. This underscores a partial mismatch between public attitudes and government policy. Nonetheless, this policy probably secured public legitimacy, chiefly due to the general support for state pronatalism and large families, which were vigorously implemented in family policies, albeit selectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes changes in the financial situation of large families in the period from 2018 to 2022 using the data of the Rosstat’s Comprehensive Observation of Living Conditions of the Population for 2018 and 2022. The prevalence of various deprivations among large households and households with children in general is estimated. Changes in household income relative to the poverty line and deprivation level between 2018 and 2022 are calculated. It is shown that despite the improvement in financial status between 2018 and 2022, large families continue to experience significant risks of poverty and deprivation. To assess the factors affecting the incomes of large households, Rosstat data of the Sample Survey of Population Income and Participation in Social Programs (VNDN-2022) were used. Regression analysis shows that employment of adult members of a large family, improvement of their education and qualification level will contribute to the growth of average per capita family income relative to the poverty line. The article outlines proposals for increasing the labor potential of large families, improving their financial situation and reducing poverty.

Child poverty is impacted to a great extent by family demography, with large families and single parents having a greater risk of being poor. Using the EU‐SILC microdata, we examine the extent to which social transfers reduce the risk of poverty among large families compared with smaller families in 29 European countries. Large families are defined as families with three or more children. First, we look at the reduction of poverty rates before and after the social transfers for large and small families. Second, we examine which types of social benefits are of most importance in alleviating poverty of large families. Poverty threshold is set at 60% of the national equivalent disposable income. In addition to poverty rates, poverty gaps are analysed. Results show that European countries seem to have different kinds of profiles in terms of overall child poverty reduction and whether the reduction is stronger among large families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In many countries, large families with three or more children have high income poverty rates. In this article, we aim to understand why this is the case by examining the relevance of family structure, socio‐economic characteristics, and welfare state transfers targeted at this family form. For our analyses, we use cross‐sectional data from three waves (2017–2019) of the Austrian European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions dataset. Our results, based on descriptive statistics, logistic regressions, and decomposition analyses, confirm the higher poverty risk of large families compared with smaller families. However, when differentiating between poor and non‐poor families, it is not the family type that seems to be relevant in explaining the poverty risk, but rather the parental work intensity, the age of the youngest child, the place of residence, being a single‐parent household, and the parental migration background. Moreover, cash transfers from the welfare state, in particular family benefits, contribute to reducing poverty for a significant number of large families. Policy makers are therefore well advised to either further increase the cash transfers targeted at large families, and/or to improve the employability and ultimately the work intensity of parents in large families in order to reduce their income poverty risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes social and economic standing of low-income people. In spite of legislative standards protecting key groups of socially vulnerable population from absolute poverty such categories, as old-age pensioners, disabled persons, young children and even employable population, the so-called poor workers still belong to the low-income population. It is obvious that the major proportion of low-income people consists of individuals, who get allowances and social payments therefore their financial provision depends mainly on state. When poverty proliferates among the population of the Russian Federation, the development of the effective model of material provision for people dependable on state, for instance indexation of various social payments with due regard to the inflation rate and volatility of consumer prices is an essential challenge of today. It is especially acute in the current situation, when home economy encounters constant pressure, the more effective the model will become, the quicker the goals aimed at cutting the poverty rate and improving social and economic standing of people will be attained. However, the model shall be developed and other steps taken with due regard to realistic possibilities of federal and regional budgets.

The relevance of the study is determined by the logic of the development of post-Soviet Russia and the special significance of the search for optimal methods and ways to implement social policy. The main objective of the article is to analyse the measures of social support for large families at the regional level. The study is based on comparative-functional, institutional and systemic methods that allow characterising and determining the significance of social support measures for families after the birth of a third child. The complex application of these methods enables understanding of the functional and dynamic features of measures of social support for large families at the regional and local levels. The main results of the study led to conclusion that social poli cy is one of the priority areas in the activities of the Russian state. It was revealed that large families occupy an important place in solving demographic problems, since the total birth rate is largely determined by the birth of a second and subsequent children in Russian families. It is demonstrated that active work is being carried out at the regional level in order to implement the privilege legislation of the Russian Federation to provide social support to large families. At the same time, there is a gap between the possibilities of various regions and local self-governments. It has been established that the implementation of social policy by the Ministry of Social Development of the Orenburg Region is carried out on the basis of the effective use of the financial resources of the federal and regional budgets in accordance with the obligations taken and the real possibilities for their implementation. Decline in the birth rate due to the outbreak of coronavirus infection is identified as the main social problem. Analysis of the information carried out in the course of the study indicates that significant financial support from the federal level is required. The study substantiates the necessity of the development and the legislative approval of additional measures of social support for large families both at the federal and regional levels, as well as expansion of the use of business opportunities, social partnerships and public formations.

The survey on 'the state of public opinion on declining birth rates' conducted in 1942 by the French Foundation for the Study of Human Problems comprised a series of questions on collective beliefs and on attitudes to family policy. Its objective was twofold: to test social representations of large families and childbearing and to assess the scope for adjusting family policy in line with the Vichy regime's objective to strengthen the pronatalist policy of the interwar period and to restore the prestige of large families. This article analyses 69 statements on these issues initially tested by a subgroup of interviewers. The survey sought to gauge public opinion about large families and to identify the beliefs that gave them a poor image. A second set of questions was designed to determine the acceptability of pronatalist policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Population (00324663) is the property of Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article outlines the state of public debate on abortion and family planning, issues which were connected with the perception of large families with many children, as a background to the coverage of all these themes by Przyjaciółka, a mass circulation women's weekly in the period 1956-1975. The magazine was certainly committed to the goal of raising women's self-awareness. The emancipatory agenda was pursued systematically by information, education, and discussions of letters from readers about their personal problems, together with advice how to deal with them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article studies the problem of material living conditions of large families in the USSR. The study was conducted on the materials of the State Archives of the Sverdlovsk Region (SASR) and the current archive of the Territorial Body of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Sverdlovsk Region (TBFSSSSR), involving Internet sources, as well as scientific and journalistic literature. The relevance of the topic is due to its importance for the social sciences, especially for history, sociology and economics. The scientific novelty of the work is seen in the fact that new materials discovered by the author in the funds of these archives are introduced into use. The article focuses on the analysis of incomes and expenditures of collective farmers large families. It is noted that large families have rarely been the object of research by sociologists and historians. It is stated that it did not have a social or demographic effect in the form and in the amounts state support was provided to large families. It is stated that serious differentiation of average per capita monetary incomes and expenditures of the surveyed families of collective farmers was not observed. The significant role of personal subsidiary plot (PSP) in the economy of the families surveyed is proved. It is declared that most of the expenses of large families of collective farmers were the costs of food products and non-food industrial goods. It is concluded that even taking into account the incomes from PSP per capita incomes (and, accordingly, expenses) of large families were significantly lower than the same indicators of families of urban workers, and collective farmers in the Sverdlovsk region.

The paper considers social perceptual representations of mother in children. The social perceptive image of mother is associated with a certain attitude, and, consequently, determines the willingness to act in a certain way, the willingness to implement a certain strategy of relationships. The paper presents the results of a large-scale empirical study comprising 7000 high school students. The sample can be considered quite representative with all necessary parameters, including respondents from big cities and small towns and villages of Russia, complete and incomplete families, families with 1-2 children and large ones. The results of the study in the general sample show that the social perceptual portrait of the mother compises only positive qualities, and does not contain any negative descriptor. In addition, a high level of concordance (coherence, unanimity) in the perception and assessment of the mother’s respondents was revealed. A comparative analysis is carried out of the mother’s image in the minds of young men and women, in the minds of respondents from complete and incomplete families, from urban and rural families, from families with one or two children and from large families, from large families with many children and many children with many children. As a general trend, the social perceptual portrait of the mother in all groups remains positive. However, certain differences are also found in some changes in most significant qualities. Summing uo, differences are also found in the level of concordance of the respondents’ choice in specific groups that differ in gender or social features.

Since the 1980s, many studies have indicated that descendants from large families tend to desire, and indeed to have, many children. However, such adult duplication of the kind of family one knew in one’s own childhood cannot be taken for granted. The fact of having grown up with numerous siblings is not itself sufficient to foster the wish of such persons to have many children themselves. The emergence of such a desire presupposes a certain number of social conditions. This article analyses such conditions with a particular focus on the role of primary socialization. More specifically, it describes three kinds of socializing experience likely to support or, quite to the contrary, to oppose the construct of a desire amongst young people born within large families to themselves have many children. These are : the great or lesser happiness of their childhood memories ; the role they played in looking after their younger siblings ; their perception of their parents’ lifestyle. The present article demonstrates that in each one of these situations, the socializing experiences underlying the desire to oneself have many children are not evenly distributed within the social space.

Copyright of Adult Education Discourses / Dyskursy Młodych Andragogów is the property of University of Zielona Gora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Przeglad Socjologiczny is the property of Lodz Scientific Society / Lodzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines the role of the government in Russia’s demographic development and identifies several promising programs for assisting large families. The need for more large families is substantiated. On the basis of statistical and sociological data, the main problems facing large families are determined, the mechanisms of large-family assistance are systematized for Russia and the Vologda Oblast, their effectiveness is indirectly assessed, and prescriptions are made for optimizing demographic policy in order to stimulate the birth rate by increasing the number of children per family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the role of the government in Russia’s demographic development and identifies several promising programs for assisting large families. The need for more large families is substantiated. On the basis of statistical and sociological data, the main problems facing large families are determined, the mechanisms of large-family assistance are systematized for Russia and the Vologda Oblast, their effectiveness is indirectly assessed, and prescriptions are made for optimizing demographic policy in order to stimulate the birth rate by increasing the number of children per family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Research Papers of the Wroclaw University of Economics / Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wroclawiu is the property of Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Familienforschung (ZzF) is the property of University of Bamberg Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Research Papers of the Wroclaw University of Economics / Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wroclawiu is the property of Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article describes the Polish families in light of demographic characteristics and trends of major demographic phenomena observed between 2000 and 2014. In the first section the author presents selected data on vital statistics, including marriages, separations, divorces, births. The second part focuses on the crucial data on the size and structure of households and families. The brief examination of this question is conducted of the basis of Population and Housing Census 2011. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nonsyndromic orofacial clefts are one of the most common birth defects worldwide. It occurs as a result of genetic or environmental factors. This study investigates the genetic contribution to nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate through the analysis of family pedigrees. Candidate genes associated with the condition were identified from large extended families from the Malay population. Results: A significant nonparametric linkage (NPL) score was detected in family 100. Other suggestive NPL and logarithm of the odds (LOD) scores were attained from families 50, 58, 99 and 100 under autosomal recessive mode. Heterogeneity LOD (HLOD) score ≥ 1 was determined for all families, confirming genetic heterogeneity of the population and indicating that a proportion of families might be linked to each other. Several candidate genes in linkage intervals were determined; LPHN2 at 1p31, SATB2 at 2q33.1-q35, PVRL3 at 3q13.3, COL21A1 at 6p12.1, FOXP2 at 7q22.3-q33, FOXG1 and HECTD1 at 14q12 and TOX3 at 16q12.1. Conclusions: We have identified several novel and known candidate genes for nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate through genome-wide linkage analysis. Further analysis of the involvement of these genes in the condition will shed light on the disease mechanism. Comprehensive genetic testing of the candidate genes is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Enfances, Familles, Generations is the property of Enfances, Familles, Generations and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: The notion of α-large families of finite subsets of an infinite set is defined for every countable ordinal number α, extending the known notion of large families. The definition of the α-large families is based on the transfinite hierarchy of the Schreier families , . We prove the existence of such families on the cardinal number and we study their properties. As an application, based on those families we construct a reflexive space , with density the continuum, such that every bounded non-norm convergent sequence has a subsequence generating as a spreading model. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

One attempt at explaining why some language families are large (while others are small) is the hypothesis that the families that are now large became large because their ancestral speakers had a technological advantage, most often agriculture. Variants of this idea are referred to as the Language Farming Dispersal Hypothesis. Previously, detailed language family studies have uncovered various supporting examples and counterexamples to this idea. In the present paper I weigh the evidence from ALL attested language families. For each family, I use the number of member languages as a measure of cardinal size, member language coordinates to measure geospatial size and ethnographic evidence to assess subsistence status. This data shows that, although agricultural families tend to be larger in cardinal size, their size is hardly due to the simple presence of farming. If farming were responsible for language family expansions, we would expect a greater east-west geospatial spread of large families than is actually observed. The data, however, is compatible with weaker versions of the farming dispersal hypothesis as well with models where large families acquire farming because of their size, rather than the other way around. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The influence of birth order on the personality traits of siblings belonging to large families (⩾6 siblings) was investigated using 361 sibling members (190 females, 171 males, mean age 32±9.14) belonging to 42 large families. The personality traits of Psychoticism, Extraversion and Neuroticism were quantified for each participant who completed the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Overall, the youngest and three youngest siblings significantly differed from the oldest and oldest three siblings for Extraversion within and across families. The effects of age, gender and family size category on these personality traits were examined based on a hierarchical linear model. An age effect was detected for Extraversion in the model, whereas gender and family size did not have an impact. The age effect held for the two sensitivity analyses and is suggestive of a birth order effect. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A thematic analysis of an on‐line bulletin board for parents of large families revealed three prominent patterns of talk related to advice seeking and giving, celebration of family, and justification of family size. This combination of discursive behaviors seem to be largely social supportive in nature and may have implications regarding the lack of face‐to‐face social support for large families and the potential importance of communication within on‐line groups for providing that support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large families are the most characteristic feature of the Conservative Laestadian revivalist movement. In this research project belonging to the field of psychology my aim is to describe the facts on which the sense of control of the Laestadian mothers with large families is based My research method is a qualitative contents analysis. The results indicate that the mothers 'personal faith is the most important element in their sense of control. The values based on the Conservative Laestadian beliefs give a clear and safe structure for life. The most important role of the spouse is to support his wife emotionally, socially and spiritually. Behind the active parenthood of the mothers are the life management skills acquired in their families of origin as well as the experience acquired from motherhood Family members share both mental and physical responsibilities, consequently supporting the mother The mothers did not experience that they should not behave according to the family planning practises characteristic of our time. They do not want to be like others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces the concept of children's allowances as a strategy for the redistribution of income to children and reports the findings of an empirical study on the distributive effects of a children's allowance program and an improved earned income tax credit (EITC), separately and in combination. The source of data for the study was the 1999 Current Population Survey. The study found that these programs would greatly increase the income statuses and reduce the poverty rates of all children in this country, but especially of EITC-recipient children and children in large families, among whom black and Hispanic children are overrepresented. Implications for policy are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]