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This paper submits that the hegemonic order in celebrity studies is fixated upon questions of utility, yield and economic asset value. These technical considerations support a technocratic engagement with celebrity that exaggerates the importance of technology and linearity. By the same token, it devalues philosophical perspectives that address questions of Transcendence and Ultimate Meaning. The term 'Triangulation' is introduced to describe the dominant paradigm in celebrity studies. The paper develops the case that to ignore these philosophical issues impoverishes the domain of celebrity studies. The value of these questions is demonstrated by discussing the relevance of Kant's concepts of noumena and noumena, Hegel's account of World Historical Individuals. This material is used to advance the value of phenomenological perspectives, notably the contributions of Bergson and Husserl, in respect of time and space, in the analysis of celebrity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the under-researched area of fraud in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Fraud offences rarely feature in criminal law historiography, and where they do, they are positioned as an afterthought to theft and forgery. This article redresses this oversight and presents an in-depth analysis of eighteenth-century jurisprudence around frauds, providing a long-overdue mapping of the most common offences within this diffuse area of law. This article reveals the ways in which fraud offences were situated in the wider criminal law, and how frauds interacted with other property offences. This article maps the contours of the emerging modern offence of fraud, and in doing so makes the case for a rethinking of the significance of the criminal law of fraud and its place in the development of the modern criminal law. Finally, by assessing the ways in which fraud straddled the line between felony and misdemeanour, this article provides a lens through which to better understand eighteenth and early nineteenth century criminal procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For decades, the evolution of cooperation has piqued interest in numerous academic disciplines, such as game theory, economics, biology, and computer science. In this work, we demonstrate the emergence of a novel and effective resource exchange protocol formed by dropping and picking up resources in a foraging environment. This form of cooperation is made possible by the introduction of a campfire, which adds an extended period of congregation and downtime for agents to explore otherwise unlikely interactions. We find that the agents learn to avoid getting cheated by their exchange partners, but not always from a third party. We also observe the emergence of behavior analogous to tolerated theft, despite the lack of any punishment, combat, or larceny mechanism in the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crime and remittance inflows are high in Jamaica, and there is a general anecdote that foreign‐based masterminds use remittances to fund crime. Yet, remittances represent a significant source of foreign income to alleviate financial constraints, which may pose a dilemma to policymakers. We find that remittances significantly reduce rape and carnal abuse and property crimes such as larceny and break‐ins but have no significant effect on armed crimes such as shooting, murder and robbery. Remittances decrease crime by raising consumption and employment, but also they increase crime by weakening democratic institutions. Overall, remittances reduce incidents of crime significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Google Trends (GT) data could potentially supplement traditional crime measurement strategies, allowing criminologists to better understand crime statistics on a macro level. This study assesses the validity of GT crime estimates. The findings indicate that GT data are reliable for estimating MVT, larceny, and rape. Additionally, we illustrate how to use GT to identify places with high rates of unreported offenses. The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of leveraging open-source big data such as GT to supplement traditional sources of crime data, particularly for categories of crime with substantial underreporting rates. Results suggest the GT rape measure may be a more accurate estimate of the true incidence of rape than the measure drawn from the Uniform Crime Report (UCR). The limitations associated with the use of GT to generate estimates of crime are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archival crime data collected by a police agency in Upstate New York from 2008 to 2015; outcome, sentencing, and incarceration data collected by the New York State's Department of Criminal Justice Statistics; and demographic data collected by the U.S. Census were analyzed to explore how a suspect's race and sex affect the investigation, prosecution, conviction, and sentencing in larceny cases. Results suggest that Black men were more likely to be the targets of excess suspicion, less likely to be granted leniency by prosecutors, no more likely to be convicted, but, if convicted, more likely to be incarcerated than White men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Imperial Edict of Gülhane in 1839 marked a new era in the history of Ottoman modernization. As in almost all fields, reform movements heavily influenced by European ideas showed their effects in the field of law. While new criminal laws were being enacted with a Western approach, the Nizamiye [guardhouse] courts were being established that would carry out trials based on these laws. This article addresses the crimes that were committed between 1876-1880 in the Ottoman capital of Istanbul as based on the Dersaadet, Beyoğlu, and Üsküdar Nizamiye court records. For this purpose, the article analyzes statistical information regarding crimes such as homicide, larceny, extortion, bodily harm, rape, and forgery that were committed in Istanbul during the specified period as well as the individuals who committed these crimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Indias is the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Consumption of pollination reward by felonious means in a plant species can influence the foraging behavior of its pollinator and eventually the reproductive success. So far, studies on this aspect are largely confined to interaction involving plant-pollinators and nectar robbers or thieves. However, a foraging guild in such interactions may also include floral herbivores or florivores. There is a paucity of information on the extent to which nectar larcenists may influence the foraging behavior of the pollinator and reproductive fitness of plants in the presence of a florivore. We investigated various forms of larceny in the natural populations of Aerides odorata , a pollinator-dependent and nectar-rewarding orchid. These populations differed in types of foraging guild, the extent of larceny (thieving/robbing), which can occur with or without florivory, and natural fruit-set pattern. The nectariferous spur of the flower serves as an organ of interest among the foraging insects. While florivory marked by excision of nectary dissuades the pollinator, nectar thieving and robbing significantly enhance visits of the pollinator and fruit-set. Experimental pollinations showed that the species is a preferential outbreeder and experiences inbreeding depression from selfing. Reproductive fitness of the orchid species varies significantly with the extent of floral larceny. Although nectar thieving or robbing is beneficial in this self-compatible species, the negative effects of florivory were stronger. Our findings suggest that net reproductive fitness in the affected plant species is determined by the overarching effect of its breeding system on the overall interacting framework of the foraging guild. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We estimate changes in the rates of five FBI Part 1 crimes during the 2020 spring COVID-19 pandemic lockdown period and the period after the killing of George Floyd through December 2020. We use weekly crime rate data from 28 of the 70 largest cities in the United States from January 2018 to December 2020. Homicide rates were higher throughout 2020, including during early 2020 prior to March lockdowns. Auto thefts increased significantly during the summer and remainder of 2020. In contrast, robbery and larceny significantly declined during all three post-pandemic periods. Point estimates of burglary rates pointed to a decline for all four periods of 2020, but only the pre-pandemic period was statistically significant. We construct a city-level openness index to examine whether the degree of openness just prior to and during the lockdowns was associated with changing crime rates. Larceny and robbery rates both had a positive and significant association with the openness index implying lockdown restrictions reduced offense rates whereas the other three crime types had no detectable association. While opportunity theory is a tempting post hoc explanation of some of these findings, no single crime theory provides a plausible explanation of all the results. for this article are available online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipids are complex organic compounds made up of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. These play a diverse and intricate role in cellular processes like membrane trafficking, protein sorting, signal transduction, and bacterial infections. Both Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus sp., Listeria monocytogenes, etc.) and Gram-negative bacteria (Chlamydia sp., Salmonella sp., E. coli, etc.) can hijack the various host-lipids and utilize them structurally as well as functionally to mount a successful infection. The pathogens can deploy with various arsenals to exploit host membrane lipids and lipid-associated receptors as an attachment for toxins' landing or facilitate their entry into the host cellular niche. Bacterial species like Mycobacterium sp. can also modulate the host lipid metabolism to fetch its carbon source from the host. The sequential conversion of host membrane lipids into arachidonic acid and prostaglandin E2 due to increased activity of cPLA-2 and COX-2 upon bacterial infection creates immunosuppressive conditions and facilitates the intracellular growth and proliferation of bacteria. However, lipids' more debatable role is that they can also be a blessing in disguise. Certain host-lipids, especially sphingolipids, have been shown to play a crucial antibacterial role and help the host in combating the infections. This review shed light on the detailed role of host lipids in bacterial infections and the current understanding of the lipid in therapeutics. We have also discussed potential prospects and the need of the hour to help us cope in this race against deadly pathogens and their rapidly evolving stealthy virulence strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trial by jury was the standard dispositive mechanism for felony trials in England at the start of the nineteenth century. By the end of the century, the summary courts were dealing with a large number of formerly felony cases. This change came about as a result of the inefficiencies of the jury process, which resulted in a push to expand the jurisdiction of the summary courts. Three statutes – the Juvenile Offenders Act 1847, the Larceny Act 1850, and the Criminal Justice Act 1855 – enacted in the middle of the century transferred jurisdiction to deal with the great majority of larcenies from the courts of Quarter Sessions to the Petty Sessional courts. To enact these statutes, reformers had to overcome considerable opposition. The consequence of the new legislation was to initiate a decline in the use of the criminal jury that continues to this day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on nectaring behaviour in the Green Hairstreak Callophrys rubi, Linnaeus (Lep.: Lycaenidae) a further example of floral larceny in a lycaenid butterfly and its ecological implications. Topics include the floral describes those nectaring strategies which bypass the pollination opportunities afforded by legitimate foraging from flowers, and the primary and secondary nectar robbing through holes made in petals, and base-working between petals or tepals.

Research Summary: Priorresearch has produced varied results regarding the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on crime rates, depending on the offenses and time periods under investigation. The current study of weekly offense rates in large U.S. cities is based on a longer time period, a greater number of offenses than prior research, and a varying number of cities for each offense (max = 28, min = 13, md = 20). We find that weekly property crime and drug offense rates, averaged across the cities, fell during the pandemic. An exception is motor vehicle theft, which trended upward after pandemic‐related population restrictions were instituted in March 2020. Robbery rates also declined immediately after the pandemic began. Average weekly homicide, aggravated assault, and gun assault rates did not exhibit statistically significant increases after March. Beginning in June 2020, however, significant increases in these offenses were detected, followed by declines in the late summer and fall. Fixed‐effects regression analyses disclose significant decreases in aggravated assault, robbery, and larceny rates associated with reduced residential mobility during the pandemic. These results support the routine activity hypothesis that the dispersion of activity away from households increases crime rates. The results for the other offenses are less supportive. Policy Implications: Quarantines and lockdowns, although necessary to reduce contagious illness, are not desirable crime‐control devices. An object lesson of the coronavirus pandemic is to redouble effective crime reduction strategies and improve police–community relations without confining people to their homes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the relationships between prescription opioid pills, unemployment, health insurance, and theft. Covering the years 2006–2012, our data are an aggregate of information from the Drug Enforcement Administration, the Federal Bureau of Investigation's National Incident-Based Reporting System, and the American Community Survey (ACS). The unit of analysis is time nested within counties. Preliminary results demonstrate that there were approximately 46 prescription opioid pills distributed per person annually in the United States between 2006 and 2012. Multivariate results reveal that counties with higher numbers of prescription opioid pills tend to experience significantly higher patterns of theft. Interestingly, health insurance is positively associated with theft while unemployment appears to protect against theft. The relationship between pills and theft is also conditioned by both unemployment and health insurance. Future research should explore these relationships to better inform efforts at making responsible social policy in the midst of the opioids crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was on effects of banditry on income and livelihoods of yam marketers in Shiroro Local Government Area of Niger State, Nigeria. Banditry is one the major confronting production and marketing of yam in Shiroro Local Government of Niger State. The activities on banditry over the years have paralysed economic activities since majority of the populace derived their livelihood from farming. The menace posed by banditry has affected rural populace income livelihood thereby making them sojourning in the neighbouring Local Government Area. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 197 of yam marketers. Data were collected using structured questionnaire and interview scheduled. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics (percentages, frequency, count and mean), multiple regression and livelihoods status index. The results revealed that majority of respondents were male with long year of experience in yam marketing. The coefficient of low participation on weekly contribution (Adashi) (1.9823.93) was negatively significant at 10% level of probability. Also, 84.8% of the respondents in the study area were of very low livelihood status. Displacement of yam marketers from their native markets to nearby markets (x̅=2.42) and rising of the price of yam stead (x̅=2.20) were the major constraints faced by yam marketers. It was recommended that yam marketers should diversify into other income generating activities in order to improve their livelihood status and government should collaborate with village heads for provision of security for yam marketers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers modelling larceny data using a non-stationary integer-valued autoregressive moving average of order 1 (INARMA(1,1)) model. The proposed model is developed under the assumption that the innovation follows a Poisson and negative binomial distribution. Two estimation methods are developed, namely the conditional maximum likelihood (CML) and generalized quasi-likelihood (GQL). The performance of these two estimation methods are assessed via two simulation experiments. The proposed model is applied on a real-life larceny acts in a region of Mauritius. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For all its benefits, mainly through contributing to economic growth, tourism can cause certain negative externalities, increased crime incidence being one of them. More crime leads to immediate costs to residents, tourists and the host country, but can also imperil the destination's image and fend off tourists in the future. We study the impact of tourism on crime in Croatia by estimating the elasticity of property crime with respect to tourist arrivals on monthly panel data at the county level over the period 1998–2016. We find robust evidence that tourism increases property crime. The elasticity varies spatially and by type of property crime, being higher in coastal than in continental counties, and higher for theft than for larceny. The estimates are used for counter-factual calculations which show that, had tourism been the only factor affecting property crime, the number of crimes would have evolved over 2006–2016 to a much higher level than it actually has. The elasticities are large enough that, absent sufficiently strong countervailing factors, even a moderately paced tourism growth can bring a sizeable increase in property crime over a decade. From the policy perspective, it is important to understand the countervailing factors and to consider the costs of tourism-induced crime in social cost-benefit assessments of tourism growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research suggests that vacant homes are associated with a variety of negative outcomes for communities, including higher rates of some crimes. A few studies in this vein have examined the effects of particular types of vacancy, such as abandoned homes, empty occupiable residences, seasonal housing, and undeveloped lots. However, these works have focused on a single state or urban area. The present study sought to advance the understanding of vacancy's relationship to acquisitive crime (burglary, robbery, and larceny) by including several vacancy rates (homeowner, rental, seasonal, and overall) as distinct predictors and by using a sample of large cities from across the United States. The analysis also controlled for social, demographic, and economic factors relevant to crime and vacancy. Results from negative binomial regression models indicated that the relationship between empty residences and crime varied depending upon the particular form of vacancy and upon the type of criminal offense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on larceny in New Mexico and argues that petty larceny is a long-overlooked crime that has the potential to provide insight into the everyday lives of people often absent from our historical narratives. Methodologically, the author has transcribed the New Mexican territorial court records into spreadsheets, analyzed larceny trends over time, and synthesized these findings with the preexisting narratives concerning territorial New Mexico. The article introduces new actors into the fabric of New Mexican history and provides greater texture to our understanding of civil disobedience in territorial New Mexico and the Southwest more broadly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses the question of whether those charged with embezzlement—an offense characterized as a white-collar crime—are punished leniently, severely, or approximately the same compared with similarly situated larceny offenders—an offense characterized as a non–white-collar property crime—in federal criminal proceedings. To assess this question, the current study uses propensity score matching techniques to create a comparable sample of embezzlement and larceny offenders. Using data from the United States Sentencing Commission on individuals sentenced from years 2005 to 2010, the current study finds embezzlement offenders are more likely to be sentenced to incarceration relative to larceny offenders. In addition, the findings suggest that embezzlement offenders did not have a significantly higher likelihood of receiving a sentence of incarceration in the years following the onset of the Global Financial Crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bizarre upsurge of yahoo-yahoo in this 21st century in Nigeria is alarming and calls for academic attention, as such more than 40% undergraduates and up to 60% graduates without dependable job ware recruited into kleptomania and fraudster industry. The most abnormal phase of it is the initiation of secondary school students of between 15-22 years into this criminal guile. This study discovered that, both male and female, preschooler and graduate, adolescent and aged, educated and even uneducated people have inducted to the game as far as they can browse internet through phone or Laptop. The objectives of this study are to make Islāmic point of view with Qur'ānic justification towards fraud and theft that predominant in Nigeria as known to the people especially the mislead youth and also to encourage federal government to take quick step in finding solution to the problem of unemployment in Nigeria. In order to achieve this aim, thematic and analytical method employed. This paper finds that 419 and larceny of the olden days has reshuffled their name as yahoo-yahoo in the form of a game for educated elite played through the aid of internet accessibility. The paper concluded on the fact that two major reasons bring about the issue of yahoo-yahoo includes; the irate belief that colonial master had brutally enslaved their great grandfather in return they wanted to collect their entitlement, while others have erroneous confidence that they wanted to retrieve the money which European people borrow from their great grandfather. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large body of research has considered the relationship between crime and structural indicators. However, despite trends in the gender gap in offending, fewer studies have separately examined the effects of structural variables on both male and female offending. The present study examined that question through a macro-level examination of property crime across large U.S. cities using data from the Uniform Crime Report and the American Community Survey. The predictors included theoretically supported indicators of disadvantage and drug accessibility/use that were disaggregated by sex. Although the findings indicated some similarities in predictors of male and female arrest rates, they highlighted some important differences as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the habitual misdemeanor larceny statute in North Carolina. It compares the alleged benefits of this statue to the costs of creating more felons and giving longer prison sentences. It concludes that the North Carolina's habitual misdemeanor larceny statute has such high costs and so little yield, and offers possible alternative solutions.

Copyright of Archives of Criminology / Archiwum Kryminologii is the property of Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Legal Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

According to available data (statistical data, data from investigations, professional and scientific papers) property crime represents about two thirds of total crime in the Republic of Croatia. Proof of committing is very often based on personal sources of evidence and a significant number of criminal charges filed by the police with these criminal offenses are submitted to the State Attorney's Office. This article presents the state of affairs and trends of property crime, the way of proof, and analyzes the police's success in detecting and proving serious offenses (Article 229. of the Criminal Code). The work is based on the collected data from the police records of Aggravated Larceny crimes, with special emphasis on the suspect's interrogation based on Article 208a of the Criminal Procedure Act and the significance of the evidence thus obtained for proving the perpetration of the criminal offense. The research was conducted with the aim of determining the effects of the recently transposed Directive 2013/48/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2013 on the right of access to a lawyer in criminal proceedings and in European arrest warrant proceedings, and on the right to have a third party informed upon deprivation of liberty and to communicate with third persons and with consular authorities while deprived of liberty (OJ L 294) into the criminal justice system of the Republic of Croatia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melville’s book is a delightful story in which the anthropological and geographical facts are subtly subordinated to the dramatic requirements of the yarn itself. Stewart’s main points and ponderous conclusions are presented by Melville as personal impression or hearsay. Melville read so voraciously and borrowed so copiously, the burrowing’s of scholars will continue to unearth examples of his literary larceny for a good while to come. As an example of its importance to his writing, one may recall that, by actual page count, nearly a quarter of Moby Dick is known to consist of cetological and whaling information taken from Thomas Beale’s The Natural History of the Sperm Whale and a handful of other scientific sources. Yet Melville’s powers of assimilation and of transmutation were so skillful, even when he came close to quoting source material almost verbatim, that the improvements in the final product over the original seem as mountainous as the White Whale himself. In Moby Dick, as in most of Melville’s best work, the reader discovers a remarkable blending, and of the author’s recollected experience, his voluminous reading, and the leaven of metaphorical. Melville’s least admirable works are those in which these elements have been unevenly blended, the philosophical comments are blended through symbolism into an artistic unity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the factors that influence crime clearance rates has primarily studied violent crimes in large cities. However, property crimes are among the most commonly occurring and least frequently cleared offenses, and the majority of police departments in the United States serve small jurisdictions. Thus, this study undertook an examination of the predictors of clearance rates for burglary, larceny, and vehicle theft in a sample of agencies serving populations of 50,000 people or fewer. Independent variables included both policing factors (e.g., workload, funding, broken windows arrests) and social disorganization indicators (e.g., residential instability, poverty). Negative binomial regression analyses revealed variation in the significance of the predictors across the three crimes. Additionally, many predictors found to be influential in prior work were insignificant in this study, which suggests differences in the nature of crime clearance between large cities and smaller jurisdictions and a need for further research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Describes a project to measure and reduce book loss due to theft in the main library at the University of Kentucky. Extent of book loss in the library; Denial of requests for funding for an electronic security system; Approaches that would inexpensively reduce the opportunity for theft.

Shoplifting is a troubling and widespread aspect of consumer behavior, particularly among adolescents, yet it has attracted little attention from consumer researchers. This article reports and interprets findings on the pervasiveness of shoplifting among adolescents, the characteristics that distinguish adolescent shoplifters from their nonshoplifting peers, and adolescents' views regarding the reasons for this behavior. Our findings contradict some popular stereotypes concerning the typical shoplifter and suggest some rethinking about adolescents' reasons for shoplifting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]