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From Matrix to Don't look up: realism as an ethical-political issue In recent decades, the topic of “reality” has gradually returned to the forefront of philosophy. On the side of ontology, the discourse around the "New Realism", an expression referring to the return of realism to the specialist debate, has been ongoing for some time. In the field of philosophy of mind, following the same line, the “4E” approach argues that mental does not occur solely in the head, but is also embodied, embedded, enacted, or extended by way of extra-cranial processes and structures. In this article, we want to relate this paradigm shift to two successful films: The Matrix (1999) and Don't Look Up (2021). We will try to show how the comparison between the two films well describes the cultural change that led to the renewed philosophical attention to the theme of the “reality” and its socio-political relevance.

Bergson and the Contemporary Philosophy of Mind. A Comparison to the Enactivism In the last two decades, the research approach in Philosophy of Mind has changed considerably. The studies about mental phenomenon inspired by the so called “Internalist” model were focused on the relationship between mental state and neural movements and assumed that the mind has mental representations analogous to computer data structures, and computational procedures similar to computational algorithms. The new “Externalist” model, instead, is focused on relationship between mental state and the rest of the world and assumes that the contents of mental states are dependent at least in part on the interaction between the subject and external world or environment. The aim of this paper is to compare this contemporary developments in Philosophy of Mind and the body-mind theory of Henri Bergson (1859-1941) in order to show how the work of the French philosopher has anticipated the main theoretical concepts of Externalism.

On the philosophical scene today, realism is once again in vogue. In particular, the recent proposal of the so-called New Realism takes aim at postmodernism, arguing against his subjectivism and emphasis on reality as constructed. Starting from contemporary debate, the present paper attempts to expose the concept of philosophical realism and his different forms. In fact «realism is said in many ways». [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]