1. Fantastic Frogs and Where to Use Them: Unveiling the Hidden Cinobufagin's Promise in Combating Lung Cancer Development and Progression Through a Systematic Review of Preclinical Evidence.
- Author
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Barbalho, Sandra Maria, Torres Pomini, Karina, Lima, Enzo Pereira de, da Silva Camarinha Oliveira, Jéssica, Boaro, Beatriz Leme, Cressoni Araújo, Adriano, Landgraf Guiguer, Elen, Rici, Rose Eli Grassi, Maria, Durvanei Augusto, Haber, Jesselina Francisco dos Santos, Catharin, Virgínia Maria Cavallari Strozze, Cincotto dos Santos Bueno, Patrícia, Pereira, Eliana de Souza Bastos Mazuqueli, de Alvares Goulart, Ricardo, and Laurindo, Lucas Fornari
- Subjects
THERAPEUTIC use of antineoplastic agents ,BIOLOGICAL models ,CANCER invasiveness ,APOPTOSIS ,CELL proliferation ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,XENOGRAFTS ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,CELL lines ,LUNG tumors ,ANIMAL experimentation ,MOLECULAR structure ,CELL survival ,DISEASE progression ,ANURA - Abstract
Simple Summary: Green healthcare relates to using naturally derived sources as medicines to treat and personalize treatments for various diseases. Cancer is one primary global health concern due to its rapid evolution and high prevalence, especially lung cancer. Cinobufagin (CB), a bufadienolide derived primarily from the parotid glands of frogs, has shown promise in combating lung cancer. Our objective with this systematic review is to synthesize the current evidence on CB's effects against lung cancer, focusing on its mechanisms of action, efficacy, and potential clinical implications. Our results indicated that CB reduces lung cancer tumor growth via increased apoptosis by reducing cancer cells' viability. In addition, CB also has impacted migration and invasion across multiple lung cancer cell lines and xenograft models. The molecular pathways involved Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved caspases, caveolin-1, FLOT2, Akt, STAT3, and FOXO1. CB achieved these effects with minimal toxicity. Cinobufagin (CB), a bufadienolide, has shown promising potential as an anticancer agent, particularly in combating lung cancer. This systematic review synthesizes preclinical evidence on CB's effects against lung cancer, focusing on its mechanisms of action, efficacy, and potential clinical implications. We analyzed data from various preclinical studies involving both in vitro cell line models and in vivo animal models. The reviewed studies indicate that CB effectively reduces cell viability, induces apoptosis, and inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion across multiple lung cancer cell lines and xenograft models. Specifically, CB was found to decrease cell viability and increase apoptosis in lung cancer cells by modulating key molecular pathways, including Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved caspases, caveolin-1, FLOT2, Akt, STAT3, and FOXO1. In vivo studies further demonstrated significant inhibition of tumor growth with minimal toxicity. However, limitations include reliance on in vitro models, which may not fully represent in vivo tumor dynamics, and a lack of long-term safety data. The studies also vary in their methodologies and cell line models, which may not accurately encompass all lung cancer subtypes or predict human responses. Despite these limitations, CB's ability to target specific molecular pathways and its promising results in preclinical models suggest it could be a valuable addition to lung cancer treatment strategies. Our review suggests further clinical trials to validate its efficacy and safety in humans. Future research should explore combination therapies and optimize delivery methods to enhance clinical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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