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Dual Phase steel grade, with its remarkable combination of features including formability and resistance to high temperatures, has been a revolutionary alloy in modern industry. It is a useful material that may be applied to many different tasks. It presents us with the task of examining its characteristics in response to changes in critical parameters such as temperature and loading rate during stretching operations. Understanding the formability behavior of DP steel sheets, which have a thickness of 1 mm, at various increased temperatures and strain rates was the main goal of the investigation. We investigated and examined the tensile characteristics at 650 and 750 degrees Celsius in the first investigation. On the other hand, because of flow stresses in the material at higher temperatures, elongation has decreased in value as deformation rates have increased. In addition, we plotted the FLDs experimentally and examined the formation behavior while performing the Nakazima Test on specimens with a thickness of 1 mm. Furthermore, a limiting dome height (LDH) study was conducted on a laboratory scale. In terms of temperature, the LDH was shown to be higher at 750 and at 0.001/s

In present experimental work, 310 SS alloy has been welded by the TIG welding using design of experiment and grey relation optimization techniques. The input parameters, i.e., welding current, welding gas flow rate, and welding voltage, have been selected to perform the TIG welding. The same filler material was used during the welding process to investigate the mechanical and microstructure properties. The design of experiment and grey relation optimization techniques were used to optimize the effect on hardness and tensile strength of the welded joints. The experiments were performed as per the L9 orthogonal array obtained by the design of experiment methodology. The 65 A, 12 V, and 7.5 gas flow rate optimum setting of input parameters provides the better results for the effective hardness and tensile strength. The most significant parameters, i.e., welding current with 84.93% and welding voltage with 65.09%, were obtained for hardness and tensile strength, respectively.

Sheet metal forming processes are extremely important in the production of many different items. However, the issue of plastic instability, which frequently results in damaged goods, still exists in this industry. To solve this problem during production, it is crucial to take into account a number of factors, limiting diagram of forming. Present case, the Aluminum Alloy (AA2014) has been used to examine its formability at various temperatures (423,523 and 623K) and at strain rates (0.1 mm/s). Stretch forming was used to acquire the study’s findings, and the Nakajima test was used. The findings were evaluated using fractography investigations carried out with SEM. The outcomes demonstrated that as the temperature rose, the material’s limiting stresses became more favorable. Utilizing LS-dyna software, the simulations were carried out. The experimental findings are within the acceptability limit according to this study.

PMMA Composites have become the most popular materials due to its excellent strength-to-weight ratio, graphite reinforced for engineering applications. Researchers have used a variety of reinforcements to enhance the mechanical and tribological characteristics of various polymer matrixes, including carbon fiber, glass fiber, and carbon-based nanoparticles, graphite, alumina, silica, silicon carbide, titanium oxide, bacterial cellulose, Nano-cellulose, and zirconium oxide.This project focuses on the characteristics of composites made with graphite reinforcements that are based on polymethyl methacrylate. Die casting was used to manufacture this reinforced composite. To enhance the mechanical qualities (impact strength and hardness), tribological parameters (slide distance, normal load, and sliding velocity are employed for wear rate). Therefore, in this study, greater focus has been placed on on PMMA-based composites with graphite reinforcement.

An aqueous extract of Amomum sabulatum seeds was evaluated for anticorrosive effects on mild steel in the presence of HCl. Weight loss measurements were taken to determine the corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency at various concentrations. With the increasing concentrations of plant extract, the results showed an improvement in inhibition efficiency and a decrease in corrosion rate. In the presence of 1500 ppm concentration of plant extract, it has an inhibition efficiency of 82.08 % at 303 K. The scanning electron microscope was used to examine the surface, which proves that while the extract was there, a protective layer formed on the metal surface.

Deep drawing is a sheet metal forming operation which involves conversion of flat thin sheet blanks drawn into desired cups. Forming of high strength sheet metal and low weight alloys under warm conditions is in great demand now-a-days and its application has great importance in nuclear plants, cryogenic vessels, heat exchangers, pharmaceutical industries etc. In the Present investigation the austenitic stainless steel (ASS)-304 of different blank diameters is deep drawn under warm condition. It is observed that there is a significant improvement in limiting drawing ratio (LDR) from 2.16 at room temperature to 2.5 at 150 °C and drawn cups are determined. In this investigation blanks of different diameters are deep drawn to determine LDR at various temperatures and it was found out that under warm conditions there is a significant improvement in limiting drawing ratio from room temperature to 300 °C. In the present investigation the other material IS 737 grade aluminum alloy is drawn at elevated temperature and its formability was investigated in warm condition and it was found that there was a substantial increase in the formability of commercial pure aluminum when drawn at 350 °C. For a successful design and simulation by finite element (FE) analysis, it is important to determine reliable friction data for a given lubrication system. Especially when the deep drawing operation is being performed under warm conditions, the prediction of friction becomes complex as its value increases with temperature. By inverse analysis of relating the predicted and measured values of the load-stroke curve this paper presents a practical methodology using the deep drawing test and finite element (FE) analysis to evaluate the coefficient of friction between blank and tooling.

The current research focuses on the biomineralization in cement composite by Bacillus sphaericus and Escherichia coli bacteria. The Escherichia coli (E. coli) was isolated from the soil beneath the leaked sewage pipe. Harvesting the E. coli bacteria required isolation, growth, cultivation and characterisation. Furthermore, the potential of micro-organisms was checked on the mechanical properties of the cement composite and durability properties such as water absorption, rapid chloride permeability test (RCPT), and ultrasonic pulse velocity on 7- and 28-day curing period respectively. The bacterial cell concentration of 106, 107 and 108 cells/ml were chosen and mixed during concrete manufacturing. The results revealed that the mechanical properties of the concrete prepared from micro-cultures exhibiting improvements over strength. CNT-EC8 was showing 18.73% (39.3 N/mm2) and 13.08% higher compressive and split tensile strength during 28 days respectively. Despite this, they also show 33.07% and 45.14% lesser charge passage rate in RCPT test respectively. The bacterium was shown to be capable of producing calcite precipitation, filling the micro pores and improving the cement composite's durability. As a result, using microbially generated crystal in concrete can be a useful strategy for lowering permeability and developing long-lasting concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) is one the most efficient techniques of severe plastic deformation for grain refinement and improving mechanical properties. In this study, aluminium alloy 6063 is used due to its wide range of applications. The ECAP process depends on die geometry, number of passes, processing temperature, following routes, plunger speed, strain and frictions. In this study, cylindrical billets of Al-6063 are processed at two different temperatures, at room temperature and at elevated temperature (250°C) through route BC. In the present research, specimens deformed after first pass, third pass and the sixth pass are considered for analysing the microstructure evolution and hardness values. Optical microscopy and electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) techniques are used for microstructural study. Hardness test is carried out for hardness measurement with test load 100 g. The hardness is increased up to 85 HV after six passes at room temperature. Hardness increases up to 83% only after one pass at room temperature. EBSD result shows the low-angle grain boundaries are 91.06% where high-angle grain boundaries are only 8.9% of sample with one pass at 250°C. The elevated processing temperature influences both hardness and microstructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As we all know in nickel-based super alloys the major element is nickel and have good mechanical properties when compared to the other super alloys. Based on these properties, they are utilised in many industries like aerospace, automobiles and nuclear technology. Inconel718 alloy has high strength and resistance to the corrosion and mostly utilised in cryogenic and defence applications. In this, investigated Inconel718 specimens are subjected to the uniaxial tensile tests at different control variables like temperature varies from ambient temperature to −70°C in three different orientations 0ᵒ, 45ᵒ, 90ᵒ at one strain rate 0.01/sec. This study shows that as the temperature decreases, there is abslight decrease in yield strength and predominate increase in ultimate tensile strength. Through scanning electronic microscope (SEM), the fracture surface behaviour of the Inconel 718 tensile sample surface at different temperatures is investigated and shows that the fracture is more ductile in nature. The normal anisotropy parameter ( r ˉ ) and planer anisotropy ( Δ r ) were measured which show the material has good formability in nature. ANN model is developed to the desired outputs with the targets by giving the mechanical properties of the Inconel 718 trained and validated as best fit of curves with correlation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Austenitic Stainless Steel 316 L grade has wide applications in industries like pharmaceutical, chemical, petrochemical, medical equipment, and many specific subzero temperature products. These subzero applications are increasing in modern-day products to solve many issues like Natural gas storage and transport and many more. It is an ideal material for these applications due to its superior properties at these operating temperatures. In the present investigation tensile tests for ASS316 L material is conducted by considering the various parameters like different temperatures (room temperature(RT), 0°C, −25°C, −50°C) along with different orientation (0°,45°,90°), and crosshead speeds (3, 5 and 7 mm/min). The temperature variation was achieved by regulating the liquid CO2 cylinder connected using a pipe system to the closed furnace of the Universal Testing Machine setup is electronic controlled system. The output data were used to analyse the Mechanical Characteristics of the material. Then the fractured specimens at the room temperature and sub-zero temperatures were studied and analysed the failure modes in the material for the above changing variables. It was observed that the failure mode is changing from a ductile fracture to brittle when decreasing the temperature below zero degrees centigrade as predicted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnesium and its alloys have become a great sparking topic of research due to their excellent biocompatible and biodegradable behavior. Magnesium and several biocompatible alloying elements were developed long back. The trends are to develop a surface composite of as-cast Mg alloys to control the degradation behavior. In this work, the surface composites of AZ31–TiO2 were developed by friction stir processing (FSP). The influence of spindle speed or tool rotation speed and number of processing passes on mechanical and microstructural performance were analyzed. The tool rotation speeds 720, 1050, 1550 and 2260RPM with pass 1, pass 2 and pass 3 were considered. The FSP workpiece was analyzed by microstructure and universal testing machine and the significant improvement in grain refinement and hardness was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]