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Serial blood sampling is essential for the assessment of the bioavailability of active molecules, which is the basis for the bioequivalence testing of medicinal products. In some canine breeds, including Siberian Husky (SH), serial blood sampling may be influenced by the total blood volume and other morpho-physiological and behavioral characteristics. This research was foscused on the analysis of the suitability of Siberian Husky dogs for serial blood sampling by phlebocentesis, to determine the plasma concentrations that are required for drug bioequivalence studies. In this regard, we resort to the analysis of serial blood sampling (n=72) influence on hematological indices and total blood volume in a SH dogs batch (n=22) during the bioequivalence testing of a canine anthelmintic product, based on a single-centered protocol (randomized, crossed, two-sequenced, two treatments and a 30 days break). The maximum volume of blood collected daily reached 85 mL/animal on the first day of the two phases, to be reduced as the test advanced, reaching a total of 310 mL blood/test/animal. The serial blood samples collected during the entire testing period represented 16.23% out of the mean value of the total blood volume (1909 mL blood/animal) for an average weight of 22.2 kg. By comparison with the possibility of taking 3 units of blood (450 mL/unit)/year from a canine donor of 20-25kg, we appreciate the good suitability of SH dogs for serial blood sampling, which was also confirmed by the evolution within the physiological range of hematological indices, with statistically insignificant deviations between the initial and final screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study we analysed the shape and topography of venomous glands in Brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) through MRI investigations. The main reason of this investigation was to provide a better understanding of the defence mechanism of this species. The presence, topography and structure of venomous glands made brown bullhead one of the top invasive species spreading its habitat worldwide. The specimens were collected from Stejeriş Lake, Cluj County. MRI investigations were conducted within the National Center for Magnetic Resonance (NCMR), Babeş-Bolyai University, Faculty of Physics. For anatomical investigations, RARE (Rapid Acquisition with Refocused Echoes) and Turbo RARE High Resolution protocols were used, based on the echo-type RF pulse sequence. In transversal sections, organs, blood vessels, and bone formations appear unchanged in shape, size, appearance and location. For the studied species, the venomous glands, together with the first radius of the pectoral and dorsal fins, as well as the muscular fascicles attached to the radius, are forming the venomous apparatus. Triangular positioning of pectoral and dorsal spines and also of their afferent venomous glands represents an efficient defensive mechanism against aquatic, terrestrial and aerial predators. Using MRI techniques for anatomical investigations of venomous glands in Brown bullhead proved to be very precise both in identifying the shape and the topography of the venomous glands. Also by using MRI techniques we highlighted the complex defence mechanism that Brown bullhead has developed against its natural predators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water quality parameters determines the success or the failure of a fish culture operation, so any proper-prepared plan for aquaculture must describe the quality and quantity of water available for this purpose. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical and chemical water parameters in Rainbow trout culture, in the summer season from three salmonid farms, due to the environmental changes that are nowadays happening and affect the fish culture operation. The water samples were collected from Bistria-Năsăud County, from three trout farms: Strâmba, oimul de Jos and Fiad, in the summer of 2018, between May and August. For the determination of water parameters (dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity and resistivity, pH, temperature, salinity) was used the Hanna HI 9828/4- 01 Multi-Parameter and for the chemical parameters (total ammonia, nitrates, nitrites) samples were transferred to the USAMV laboratories. The samples collection was made in each farm from three different places: catchment, basins and evacuation water areas. The results of the study showed that the parameters observed from the three farms were different, with major differences in month of July and August. The environment of fish aquaculture is a complex system with critical parameters as are the temperature, suspended solids, dissolved oxygen, nitrite and ammonia. However, the temperature and the dissolved oxygen are the most important parameter, requiring continuous monitoring in aquaculture production systems, due to the fish aerobic metabolism which requires an elevated level of dissolved oxygen at optimum temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Honey, the sweet natural substance produced by honeybees is currently considered one of the nature's most powerful products. Natural honey can be regarded as a nutraceutical product due to its nutritional benefits and therapeutic promises. In addition to this, the use of honey as food and medicine has been embraced by different civilizations, from ancient times to the present, transcending the barriers of cultural and religious beliefs. The aim of the present review was to highlight and summarize some of the numerous medicinal attributes of honey, apart from its nutritional profile, that can contribute to its framing as nutraceutical agent. In this regard, it was proved that honey can promote metabolic and cardiovascular benefits, oral and bone health, haematological beneficial effects, anticancer activity. Moreover, evidence has been found for the use of honey as an alternative cure in several skin disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of modern goat breeding systems implies the addition of the classical methods used to improve the genetic potential with methods of appreciation of the hereditary base and their productive capacity. The purpose of this paper was to highlight the particularities of the evolution of the body weight from birth to the weaning of the kids goat Carpathian and kids goat breeds (Saanen male and Carpathian female), established according to three main factors: parturition type, the sex of the kid goat and the status physiology of the mother goats. The study was conducted in a farm in the Trascău mountains area, locality Rimetea, county of Alba, during January-June 2019, where we monitored daily: the body weight and sex of kids goat at birth, type of birth and the age of the parturients. The working method consisted of daily monitoring and weighing the kids goat studied with an electronic scale with an accuracy of: 5 g (0.5 g-10 kg); 10 g (10-50 kg). The obtained results have been statistically processed, being beneficial in making faster and more efficient decisions in the selection and improvement process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge of biologically active potential of honey has made significant progress in the last decade, due to the diversification and improvement of the analysis methods regarding the content in various functional compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the total polyphenolic content and the antioxidant and antibacterial potential of some honey samples, establishing the correlations between the values of the examined parameters. The investigations were carried out on 7 samples of honey and their botanical origin was determined through melissopalynogical analysis. The samples belonged to the following types of honey: multifloral honey (no=4), lime tree honey (no=2), rapeseed honey (no=1). The total polyphenolic content was determined by Folin-Ciocâlteu method and the antioxidant activity by DPPH radical scavenging method. The antibacterial activity was tested on 3 bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Enterococcus faecalis. The results showed a positive correlation between the investigated parameters. For instance, one sample of multifloral honey recorded the highest total polyphenolic content (274.65±1.85mg GAE/100g honey), correlated with the highest levels of antioxidant (12.30±0.43 mmol Trolox/100 g honey) and strong antibacterial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The body temperatures of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss were monitored from June through August 2018 in three trout farms from Bistrița-Năsăud County (Romania). The body temperature was measured from 3 different regions of the body: head, trunk (epaxial and hypaxial muscle region) and caudal peduncle. Body temperatures were compared to the basins water temperature. The lowest water temperature in the basins was recorded in May and June, in Șoimul de Jos farm, and the highest temperature in Fiad farm. In July, Strâmba farm, recorded the highest water temperature, and in August, Fiad farm. In all farms studied, the body temperature of the trout was higher than that of the basins water temperature regardless of the studied region. The highest differences between the basins water and body temperature in farms were found in the caudal peduncle and epaxial muscle regions, due to their role in locomotor mechanism. This is due to the high growth density, the feeding and the intensification of metabolism, with energy release, as well as a much higher level of stress than that encountered in the natural environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physiological stress response of Brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) was studied under laboratory conditions. This species is well known for the resistance and adaptability t°environmental factors. In this sense, metabolic and hematologic profiles were determined for low (6°C), medium (18°C) and high (31°C) water temperatures. An increase in blood cell numbers (RBC, WBC) and hematocrit (Ht) was determined under high temperature conditions, as a response t°low dissolved oxygen. Platelet count (PLT) remained relatively constant regardless of the water temperature. The metabolic profiles showed significant and very significant differences for most of the analyzed indices. The differences were due t°variations in temperature that influenced appetite and ingestion of feed, respectivelly the respiratory function by vasoconstriction or hypoxia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper was to morphate-anatomically study the dentition of the Danube salmon (Hucho hucho) and Black Sea trout (Salmo trutta labrax) and its topographical distribution in the oral cavity. On the mandible there are between 40 and 50 teeth, with an average of 46 teeth. There are 9 to 16 teeth on the tongue, with an average of 12.6. In the dorsal part of the mouth, on the outside of the upper jaw their number is between 65 and 72 teeth, with an average of 69.6 teeth. On the medial line of the upper jaw, there are between 37 and 46, with an average of 40.1 teeth. The Black Sea trout have teeth similar in shape, conical and sharpened at the tip. The teeth are prehensile, oriented aborally, on all segments of the mouth, less on the withers, where the alternating sides are oriented medio-laterally. There are 28 teeth on the jaw and 10 teeth on the surface of the tongue. In the upper part of the mouth there are 33 teeth on the upper jaw line, 33 teeth on the upper jaw line 24, and 13 teeth on the vertebra, the total number being of 108 teeth. Morphological characters, mood and teeth orientation clearly reflect the predatory character of salmonids. Of the two studied species, the largest number of teeth is found in Danube salmon, in terms of total number, and each segment of the oral cavity. In Danube salmon we also find that it has no teeth on the vomer, compared to Black Sea trout species, where we emphasiz the presence of teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The basic science is the starting point for applied research. For these reasons, in the present study we have proposed to address some aspects of external conformation and morphology of the digestive apparatus in Danube salmon. This species is less studied from the anatomical point of view, given its status of rare and strictly protected species. For the restoration of natural stocks, captive breeding and breeding lots are the most effective methods. Inherently, however, captive growth implies appropriate anatomical and physiological knowledge. The present study addresses problems related to anatomical structure and internal topography, sequentially analyzing the segments of the digestive apparatus in the cranial-caudal direction: oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, pilorian appendix, middle intestine, rectum and adjacent glands, represented by the liver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The racer goby (Babka gymnotrachelus) is one of the well represented Ponto-Caspian goby species in most Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve lakes and channels, including Razim-Sinoe lagoon complex and lower sector of the Danube. Also, the presence of this species is notedin some lakes near Bucharest. The presence of this species in Transylvania has not been reported until now, during ichthyologic investigations from 2015-2016, seven specimens from Someș River and some of its tributaries, were captured:one specimen was caught in a channel adjacent to Țaga Mare Lake, one specimen was caught in Someşul Mare River (Mica village, Cluj County), two specimens were captured from the confluence of the Someşul Mic River and FizeșRiver. The sixth specimen were captured from Fizeş River (Fizeşu Gherlii village, Cluj County) and the last one was also caught from the Fizeş River (Sântioana village, Cluj County). It is possible that the species migrated in Someş Catchment from the Hungarian Danube sector, by the tributaries of Tisa River, or it might have originated from stocking material used in fish farms in Transylvania. The somatic, gravimetric and meristic measurements of the collected specimens were taken in the Acquaculture and Acquatic Organisms Phisyology laboratories from the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca and correspond with those mentioned in the published literature regarding this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, research on water monitoring involves more and more the analysis of ichtyofauna in many aspects such as: the number of fish species, their distribution in the catchment sectors, the ratio between them, the dominant species, and growth dynamics and age structure of fish populations. The chub (Squalius cephalus), is in this case an indicator species. It is present in most rivers in Romania and it is well represented numerically. The specimens for our study were collected from the Someşul Mic River (Cluj County) respectively Târnava (Alba County).Growth dynamics in this case is a comparison tool, perfect for fish populations. Age category distribution from the catchments taken into study is also a tool that gives us important information. The absence of some age categories is a question mark related to environmental accidents that occurred on a river or river sector. Through this study, we intend to demonstrate that growth dynamics and age structure are effective tools for characterizing and comparing fish populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In August 2015 we managed to capture a specimen of ratan goby (Ponticola ratan) in the Romanian coastal waters of the Black Sea, near the locality of Sf. Gheorghe (Tulcea County).This is the 7-th signaling for this species in Romanian coastal waters. The previous 6 specimens were recorded in the period 1960-1993, between Mangalia (Constanţa County) and Sulina (Tulcea County). The species was identified by means of meristic characters (number of scales on medial line, number of spiny and soft rays), and morphological particularities (cycloid scales on the nape area and pectoral fin joint). Also, the measurements made, confirmed that the ratio between the head length and total length, which was 33% (TL=8.70 cm vs. Head Length=2.61cm). Another morphological character, specific to this species, is the lower jaw, which exceeds in length the upper jaw. Being a Ponto-Caspianendemite, with low population along the Bulgarian and Romanian coastline, we considered it important to point out this new record. Noting that, being known the trend of sporadic migration of this species, would not be excluded that global warming causes a shift from its normal distribution area, from northern and northeastern (Black Sea) to south-west. Therefore, future research may bring more notifications regarding this species in south-western area of the Black Sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spirlin (Alburnoides bipunctatus) is an important element of the trophic chain of aquatic ecosystems in Romania’s hilly areas. To assess the conservation status of this species, 21 specimens were taken from the Letca area, Sălaj County. The specimens caught were weighed and analysed from the meristic (8 determinations) and morphometric (36 determinations) points of view. The obtained results reflect the homogeneity of the fish population in terms of morphology (their coefficients of variation showing lower values). This study will continue in the future with the analyses of the spirlin populations from several sectors of the Someș River and its tributaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study the structure of the Danube crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) population from Ţaga Mare Lake, Cluj County was analyzed. According to the study results, three age categories (2+, 3+ and 4+) were identified for the Danube crayfish specimens. Numerically, females are more numerous than males, the sex ratio between males and females being as follows: SR2+ = 0.33; SR3+ = 0.33; SR4+ = 0.86. In terms of body size, males are better developed, except for their abdominal segments, where females are better developed due to the female reproductive function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]