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Purpose: Ganoderma lucidum, a kind of mushroom used for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities, was investigated in the present study for its possible healing effect on calvarial defects with bone grafts. Methods: Wistar male rats (n = 30) were divided into 3 groups: 1) the control (defect) group (n = 10), 2) defect and graft group (n = 10), and 3) defect, graft, and G. lucidum treated group (n = 10). The G. lucidum was administered to the rats at 20 mL/kg per day via gastric lavage. Results: In the defect and graft group, osteonectin positive expression was observed in osteoblast and osteocyte cells at the periphery of the small bone trabeculae within the graft area. In the defect, graft, and G. lucidum treated group, osteonectin expression was positive in the osteoblast and osteocyte cells and positive osteonectin expression in new bone trabeculae. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was positive in the inflammatory cells, fibroblast cells, and degenerated collagen fibril areas within the defect area. Conclusion: This study shows that, with its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, G. Lucidum is an important factor in the treatment of calvarial bone defects.

Purpose: To evaluate histologically and immunohistochemically the bone regeneration after application of simvastatin on tibial bone defects in rats. Methods: Sixty Wistar albino rats were divided into 3 groups as control (6 mm tibial bone defect), defect + graft (allograft treatment), and defect + graft + simvastatin (10 mg/kg/day) for 28 days. Results: Histopathological examination revealed inflammation in control group (defect group), congestion in blood vessels, and an increase in osteoclast cells. In defect + graft group, osteoclastic activity was observed and osteocyte cells were continued to develop. In defect + graft + simvastatin group, osteocytes and matrix formation were increased in the new bone trabeculae. Osteopontin and osteonectin expression were positive in the osteclast cells in the control group. Osteoblasts and some osteocytes showed a positive reaction of osteopontin and osteopontin. In defect + graft + simvastatin group, osteonectin and osteopontin expression were positive in osteoblast and osteocyte cells, and a positive expression in osteon formation was also seen in new bone trabeculae. Conclusion: The simvastatin application was thought to increase bone turnover by increasing the osteoinductive effect with graft and significantly affect the formation of new bone.

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, bir Türk popülasyonundakonik-ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi (KIBT) kullanılarak retromolar kanal (RMK)ve retromolar foramen (RMF) oluşumunun değerlendirilmesidir.Materyal ve Metod: Çalışmaya 350 hastanın (177 erkek, 173 kadın, ortalamayaş 31.9, 18-70 yıl arasında değişen) KIBT görüntüleri dahil edildi. RMK,mandibular kanaldan bağımsız olarak ramusta bulunan veya retromolar fossaüzerinde bir foramen ile devamlılık gösteren ve mandibular kanaldan kaynakalnan bir aksesuar kanal olarak tanımlandı. RMK'lar cinsiyet ve taraf dikkatealınarak analiz edildi. İstatistiksel değerlendirmede, bağımsız örnekleri analizetmek için ki-kare testi kullanıldı. P 0.05).Sonuç: RMK, oral cerrahi uygulayıcılarının bilmesi gerekenanatomik bir varyasyondur. Hasarlandığında hipoesteziye ve hastanın gereksizrahatsızlığına neden olabilir. KIBT, retromolar foramen ve kanalın anatomiközelliklerini ortaya çıkarmak için yararlı bir araçtır., Background:The goal of thisstudy was to investigate the occurrence of retromolar canal (RMC) andretromolar foramen (RMF) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a Turkishsubpopulation.Methods:This studyincluded high-resolution CBCT images from 177 male and 173 female, totally 350,with average age of 31.9 years (18 to 70 years). The RMC was defined as an independentaccessory canal or arising from the mandibular canal continuous with a foramenon the retromolar fossa. The RMCs were analyzed by considering sex and side. Independetsamples statistically analyzed with chi-squaretest. P0.05).Conclusions:RMC is an anatomicvariation that performers of oral surgery should be aware of. It couldpotentially cause hypoesthesia and unnecessary discomfort of patient wheninjured. CBCT is a useful device to reveal anatomic features of the retromolarforamen and canal.

Bu tez çalışmasında; kemik dokusuna yerleştirilen greft materyalleri ile osteogenezisin stimüle edilmesi ve osteokondüktif özelliğin kullanılmasının yanı sıra, ozonun bölgedeki kanlanmayı arttırarak osteogenezis üzerine etkilerinin histopatolojik olarak değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada toplam 56 adet Wistar cinsi ratın genel anestezisi 8 mg/100g intra-musküler ketamin ile sağlandı ve ratlar randomize 4 gruba ayrıldı. 1. Kontrol Grubu: 14 adet rat üzerinde kalvaryal kemik defekti oluşturuldu, herhangi bir işleme tabi tutulmadan defekt boş bırakıldı ve yara yeri primer süture edildi. Deneklerden 7 tanesi 4. hafta sonunda, geriye kalan 7 tanesi de 8. hafta sonunda sakrifiye edildi. 2. Deney Grubu: 14 adet rat üzerinde 8 mm kalvaryal kemik defekti oluşturuldu, boş defekte ozon uygulandı ve deneklerden 7 tanesi 4. hafta sonunda, geriye kalan 7 tanesi de 8. hafta sonunda sakrifiye edildi. 3. Deney Grubu: 14 adet rat üzerinde 8 mm kalvaryal kemik defekti oluşturuldu, hazırlanan defekte alloplastik kemik grefti uygulandı ve deneklerden 7 tanesi 4. hafta sonunda, geriye kalan 7 tanesi de 8. hafta sonunda sakrifiye edildi. 4. Deney Grubu: 14 adet rat üzerinde 8 mm kalvaryal kemik defekti oluşturuldu, hazırlanan defekte alloplastik kemik grefti ve ozon uygulandı ve deneklerden 7 tanesi 4. hafta sonunda, geriye kalan 7 tanesi de 8. hafta sonunda sakrifiye edildi. Çalışma sonunda elde edilen spesimenler D.Ü.Tıp Fakültesi Histoloji Anabilim Dalı Laboratuvarında histopatolojik olarak değerlendirildi. Elde edilen sonuçlar Kruskal-Wallis ve Mann-Whitney U testleri kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Farklı parametreler ele alınarak yaptığımız deneysel çalışma değerlendirildiğinde osteogenezisi hızlandırması bakımından ozonun grefte üstünlük sağlamadığı düşüncesindeyiz. 4.ve 8.hafta bulguları değerlendirildiğinde yeni kemik formasyonu açısında en iyi sonuçu greft+ozon uygulanan gruptan elde ettik. Sadece ozon uygulamasının bölgedeki hemostazı artırıp osteogenezisi arttırdığını söyleyebiliriz fakat anlamlı sayılabilecek yeterli etkiyi oluşturmadığını düşünmekteyiz. Anahtar Kelimeler: 1. Ozon 2. Alloplastik Kemik greftleri 3. Osteokondüktif 4. Osteogenezis This research aims to stimulate osteogenesis with graft materials placed on bone tissue and use its osteoconductive feature; and to evaluate histopathologically the effect of ozone on osteogenesis by increasing blood supply. In this research, general anesthesia of totally 56 Wistar rats were provided with 8 mg/100g intra-muscular ketamine and the rats were divided into 4 groups randomly. 1. Control Group: Calvarial bone defect was created on 14 rats, the defect was left empty without any intervention and the wound area was sutured. 7 of the rats were sacrificed at the end of 4th week and the rest 7 were sacrificed at the end of 8th week. 2. Experimental Group: 8mm- calvarial bone defect was created on 14 rats, ozone was treated on the empty defects. 7 of the rats were sacrificed at the end of 4th week and the rest 7 at the end of 8th week. 3. Experimental Group: 8mm-calvarial bone defect was created on 14 rats. Alloplastic bone graft was treated on prepared defect. 7 of the rats were sacrificed at the end of the 4th week and the rest 7 at the end of 8th week. 4. Experimental Group: 8mm-calvarial bone defect was created on 14 rats. Alloplastic bone graft and ozone were treated on prepared defect. 7 of the rats were sacrificed at the end of the 4th week and the rest 7 at the end of 8th week. Specimens obtained at the end of the research were evaluated histopathologically at Dicle University, Medicine Faculty, the laboratory of Histology Department. Obtained results were assessed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. When the research which was conducted considering different parameters is evaluated, it is thought that ozone is not superior to graft in terms of accelerating osteogenesis. When the results of 4th and 8th weeks are evaluated, the best results are seen in graft+ozone group in terms of new bone formation. It can be said that the treatment of ozone by its own increases hemostasis and indirectly increases osteogenesis, but this is not a significant effect. Anahtar Kelimeler: 1. Ozone 2. Alloplastic Bone Graft 3. Osteocondüctive 4. Osteogenesis Bu doktora tezi Dicle Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü tarafından desteklenmiştir. Proje No: 14-DH-09