Search

Five hundred and fifty-five healthy, pregnant, non-lactating Holstein–Friesian cows on an intensively grazed, commercial dairy were assigned to a study to determine effects of daily water treatment with Co glucoheptonate and amino acid complexes of Zn, Mn and Cu on lactational performance, fertility and claw hardness. Cows were randomly assigned to treatment based upon eartag number. At approximately 35 days prior to calving, cows began receiving either a diet containing no supplemental Zn, Mn, Cu and Co or a diet which provided daily 360 mg Zn, 200 mg Mn, 125 mg Cu and 12 mg Co from complexed sources (CTM). Cows continued to receive their respective treatments through 230 days postpartum. Treatments were delivered via a commercial concentrate, precalving and postcalving, by dispersing CTM (liquid) into water troughs. Cows were milked twice daily, milk weights were recorded and samples collected six times during lactation. All reproductive events were recorded. Claws were examined on four separate occasions with liver and blood samples collected on three separate occasions during the study. Compared to the control, supplementing CTM increased (P≤0.05) yield of milk (17.5 kg/day versus 16.6 kg/day), milk energy (58.6 MJ/day versus 55.3 MJ/day), milk fat (0.78 kg/day versus 0.73 kg/day), milk crude protein (0.62 kg/day versus 0.58 kg/day) and milk solids (1.39 kg/day versus 1.31 kg/day). There was no effect of treatment on milk composition or somatic cell content of milk. Supplementing CTM reduced (P≤0.05) controlled internal drug releasing usage (16 cases/100 cows versus 26 cases/100 cows) and tended (P≤0.10) to reduce incidence of non-pregnant cows (13 cases/100 cows versus 18 cases/100 cows) and mastitis cases (23.8 cases/100 cows versus 29.9 cases/100 cows). Supplementing CTM increased Cu and Vitamin B 12 status (P≤0.05) as indicated by liver Cu and serum Vitamin B 12 content. There was no effect of treatment on claw hardness. Increasing Zn, Mn, Cu and Co intake of intensely grazed dairy cattle through CTM supplementation increased lactation performance, fertility and Cu and Vitamin B 12 reserves.

Reinstallation of the Sheffield Gamma Knife Unit was completed in early November, 1991, following the replacement of the cobalt sources. Two methods were used to evaluate the isodose configuration within the replenished unit. The first method used a scanning microdensitometer to interrogate films exposed within a spherical phantom, whilst the second relied upon a series of measurements obtained with an array of diodes. The results produced by the latter method compared more favorably with the computer-generated theoretical curves. The two sets of results are presented and some possible explanations for the discrepancies are proposed.

Fifteen patients were treated in the Gamma Knife Unit and followed for 18 months or longer. Four patients had Cushing's disease, 4 had acromegaly, 3 had Nelson's syndrome and 3 had prolactinomas. One patient had no endocrinopathy. One of the patients with acromegaly and 2 of those with prolactinomas had been operated prior to Gamma Knife treatment. Radiological tumor localization was not an insuperable problem in this series. The effect of Gamma Knife treatment on the anterior pituitary neoplasia, as such, was consistently successful. All the tumors which received 10 Gy or more to the edge showed either a reduction in volume or at least cessation of growth. On the other hand, the effect of the treatment was less consistent in respect to the endocrinopathies. These results are discussed in respect of dose and tumor size. It is suggested that the role of the Gamma Knife in the treatment of pituitary adenomas requires further clarification, based on prospective studies.

To describe the kinetics of serological titres after an abortion outbreak in April-May 1995 due to Neospora caninum affected 17 dairy cows in a herd of 320.Thirty-five cows, that had either aborted, carried mummified calves, were not pregnant or calved normally were: bled several times at regular intervals and the sera tested for Neospora antibodies in the indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT).Maximal IFAT titres of up to 1:4000 occurred within 6 weeks of the abortion outbreak, decreased over the next 2 months toor = 1:200 and remained at this level until the next scheduled bleed a further 2 months later. A rise in titres was subsequently observed in the cows that had aborted or were not pregnant (at the time of the abortions) or had carried mummified foetuses. Seroconversion was also observed in some of the control cows, which had, up until then, remained seronegative. A dog and cat in contact with the cows in the herd investigated were, however, negative in the IFAT.Maximal serological titres in Neospora abortions are observed within weeks of the abortion event and then quickly return to very low levels. Subsequently, a recrudescence of titres can be observed in infected cows during the next pregnancy, without it being associated with repeat abortions.