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Background. The problem of intergenerational relationships is one of the urgent social problems, which acquires additional complexity and significance in the conditions of digitalization and internetization of society. There are significant differences between the generational groups of Russians in the levels of digital literacy and inclusion in the virtual communication environment. The purpose of the study is to analyze the problem of the digital divide of Generations in the use of Internet messengers and social networks. Materi-als and methods. The empirical basis of the article was the materials of a mass survey with-in the framework of the author’s sociological research conducted in 2020. 620 respondents were interviewed on a representative sample, taking into account the age, gender and terri-torial settlement structure of the population. Results. Slightly more than four fifths of all respondents used any Internet messengers. However, slightly more than half of the re-spondents in the older group did not use any messengers. The younger groups use social networks most actively – almost all respondents, they also have the widest range of social networks. The older group is the least active on social networks – almost half of these re-spondents are “not registered anywhere”. The varying degree of involvement in the virtual communication environment and ownership of digital technologies by young people and older generations contributes to the digital gap between generations and excessive social differentiation in general. Conclusions. The problem of the digital divide between genera-tions can be effectively solved only in combination with solving the problem (overcoming) unjustifiably deep social inequality. Measures to instill computer literacy in the population should contribute to this. In this way, it is also possible to increase the level of adaptation of people to the digital world and significantly reduce the digital gap between generations.

Baseline entomological information should be collected before the implementation of industrial projects in malaria endemic areas. This allows for subsequent monitoring and evaluation of the project impact on malaria vectors. This study aimed at assessing the vectorial system and malaria transmission in two ecologically different villages of the South-Cameroon forest bloc targeted for the creation of an agro-industrial complex. For four consecutive seasons in 2013, adult mosquitoes were captured using Human Landing Catch in NDELLE village (located along a main road in a degraded forest with many fish ponds) and KOMBO village (located 5km far from the main road in a darker forest and crossed by the Mvobo River). Morpho-taxonomic techniques were used alongside molecular techniques for the identification of mosquito species. ELISA test was used for the detection of circumsporozoite protein antigen of Plasmodium falciparum. Mosquito biting rate was higher in NDELLE than in KOMBO (28.18 versus 17.34 bites per person per night). Mosquitoes had a strong tendency to endophagy both in NDELLE (73.57%) and KOMBO (70.21%). Three anophelines species were identified; An. gambiae, An. funestus s.s and An. moucheti s.s.. An. gambiae and An. funestus s.s. represented the bulk of aggressive mosquitoes in NDELLE (n=10,891; 96.62%). An. gambiae was responsible for 62.6% and 77.72% of malaria transmission in KOMBO and NDELLE respectively. Mean entomological inoculation rate recorded in KOMBO and NDELLE were 4.82 and 2.02 infective bites per person per night respectively. Vector control was mainly based on the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying. The degraded forest environment added to the presence of fishponds resulted in the increase of aggressive mosquito density but not of malaria transmission. The managers should use these data for monitoring and evaluation of the impact of their project; malaria control strategies should be included in their project in order to mitigate the risk of increased malaria transmission as a result of the implementation of their projects.

We describe an extension of the fluorogenic PCR 5′-nuclease assay, or “Taq- ManTM” assay. Sequence-specific probes consisted of a novel nonfluorescent quencher, nitrothiazole blue (NTB), at the 3′terminus and six different reporter dyes at the 5′ terminus. The six reporters were 6-FAM, dR110, dR6G, dTMR, dROX and JAZ dyes. The seventh color was from aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate and was utilized as a “passive reference” to calibrate concentration variations. Our test system was a set of three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Each SNP system consisted of two primers and two sequence-specific probes, each labeled with a different reporter dye and NTB. Following PCR, the reactions were diluted with water and measured in a microcuvette on a luminescence spectrometer in synchronous scanning mode. In this method, both the excitation and emission wavelengths were scanned, with a fixed wavelength difference (Δλ) between excitation and emission wavelengths. The spectral overlap in the set was evaluated by calculation of the condition number of the 7 × 7 matrix (dye fluorescence vs. wavelength). The small value of the condition number (1.5) proved that the cross-talk between the dyes was minimal. SNP analyses of known, synthetic target sequences and genomic DNA were plotted both as normalized, subtracted spectra and as data points in three separate dot plots.