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Predicting the position of Geosynchronous (GEO) spacecraft under maneuver is a crucial work for space domain awareness (SDA) as it can help to improve the flexibility and operational efficiency of space surveillance network (SSN). The longitude is a unique freely assigned parameter for GEO spacecraft, in this paper, a predictive model of GEO spacecraft longitude based on causal Bayesian network is proposed. Firstly, the causal parameters of longitude is found by Gaussian perturbation equation. Secondly, the Markov order of the causal parameters is obtained by transfer entropy. Finally, the linear expressions for Gaussian functions is proved and a causal Bayesian network (CBN) prediction model for longitude is constructed. After experimental analysis, the mean absolute error (MAE) and mean square error (MSE) of the proposed method are decreased by 71.88% and 72.18%, respectively compared with the traditional Long short-term memory (LSTM) method.

OBJECTIVE: Bietti crystalline dystrophy (BCD) is a rare degenerative eye disease caused by mutations in the CYP4V2 gene, and Cyp4v3 is the murine ortholog to CYP4V2. To better understand the molecular pathogenesis of this disease and to explore the potential treatment we have established a Cyp4v3 knock-out mouse model. METHODS: Cyp4v3(-/-) mice were generated by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 in embryonic stem cells of C57BL/6J mice. Ocular morphologic characteristics were evaluated via fundus imaging, histologic analysis of rods and cones via immunofluorescence, and phalloidin stain to observe retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in whole-mounts, electroretinogram (ERG) was also conducted to examine the retinal function. RESULTS: The characteristic features of BCD recurred in the Cyp4v3(-/-) mice, including retinal crystalline deposits, atrophy and degeneration of RPE cells, and ERG amplitude decline of dark and light adapted a- and b- wave; however, the immunofluorescence stain of rod and cone cells did not show obvious differences when compared with the wild type (WT) mice. In the early stage of the disease, no crystal-like deposits were found in the fundus, ERG detection of the retinal function did not find a significant decline, and the morphological structure and quantity of the neural retina and RPE did not change significantly. Crystalline deposits occurred and converged when the Cyp4v3(-/-) mice at the end of 6 months, and the deposits disappeared when the Cyp4v3(-/-) mice at the end of 12 months. The ERG amplitude started to decline when the Cyp4v3(-/-) mice at the end of 6 months and deteriorated at the end of 12 months. The RPE cells of the 12-month old Cyp4v3(-/-) mice showed irregular shape by phalloidin staining of F-actin. The Cyp4v3(-/-) mice behaved normally and were viable and fertile when maintained under specific pathogen-free (SPF) housing conditions. CONCLUSION: Just like BCD patients, the disease progress of Cyp4v3(-/-) mouse is correlated with the age, which provides a good model for pathogenesis and gene therapy study in the future. The atrophy and degeneration of RPE take the lead in progressing of the disease, but the mechanism is not clear yet.

[EN] This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with taurine on production performance, serum biochemistry, immunoglobulin, antioxidant and hormones of Angora rabbits. A total of 160 8-month-old Angora rabbits with similar body weight were randomly assigned to one of four dietary groups, with 40 animals per group. The dietary groups consisted of the following different taurine supplementation levels: 0 (control), 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3% (air-dry basis). The 73-d feeding trial (from July 31 to October 11, 2016 in China) included a 7-d adjustment period and a 66-d experimental period. The results showed that taurine dietary supplementation had effects on feed consumption, hair follicle density and wool yield of the Angora rabbits (P, This study was partially funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31501927), Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No. ZR2020MC163), the Thoroughbred Project from Shandong government (2017LZN008), and Shandong Province Modern Agricultural Technology System Innovation Team (SDAIT-21).

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare whole exome sequencing (WES) and targeted panel sequencing in the clinical molecular diagnosis of the Chinese families affected with inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs). METHODS: The clinical information of 182 probands affected with IRDs was collected, including their family history and the ophthalmic examination results. Blood samples of all probands and their relatives were collected and genomic DNA was extracted by standard protocols. The first 91 cases were subjected to the WES and the other 91 cases were subjected to a specific hereditary eye disease enrichment panel (HEDEP) designed by us. All likely pathogenic and pathogenic variants in the candidate genes were determined by Sanger sequencing and co-segregation analyses were performed in available family members. Copy number variations (CNVs) detected by HEDEP were further validated by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). As PRGR ORF15 was difficult to capture by next generation sequencing (NGS), all the samples were subjected to Sanger sequencing for this region. All sequence changes identified by NGS were classified according to the American College of Medical Gene-tics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG/AMP) variant interpretation guidelines. In this study, only variants identified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic were included, while those variants of uncertain significance, likely benign or benign were not included. RESULTS: In 91 cases with WES, pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were determined in 30 cases, obtaining a detection rate of 33.00% (30/91); While in 91 cases with HEDEP sequencing, pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were determined in 51 cases, achieving the diagnostic rate of 56.04% (51/91), and totally, the diagnostic rate was 44.51%. HEDEP had better sequencing coverage and read depth than WES, therefore HEDEP had higher detection rate. In addition, HEDEP could detect CNVs. In this study, we detected disease-causing variants in 29 distinct IRD-associated genes, USH2A, ABCA4 and RPGR were the three most common disease-causing genes, and the frequency of these genes in Chinese IRDs population was 11.54% (21/182), 6.59% (12/182) and 3.85% (7/182), respectively. We found 43 novel variants and 6 cases carried variants in RPGR ORF15. CONCLUSION: NGS in conjunction with Sanger sequencing offers a reliable and effective approach for the genetic diagnosis of IRDs, and after evaluating the pros and cons of the two sequencing methods, we conclude that HEDEP should be used as a first-tier test for IRDs patients, WES can be used as a supplementary molecular diagnostic method due to its merit of detecting novel IRD-associated genes if HEDEP or other methods could not detect disease-causing va-riants in reported genes. In addition, our results enriched the mutational spectra of IRDs genes, and our methods paves the way of genetic counselling, family planning and up-coming gene-based therapies for these families.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression efficiency of exogenous gene mediated by different serotypes of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors in retina, and to compare the expression efficiency of AAV vector and two kinds of promoters commonly used in ophthalmology after transfection into mouse retina, so as to provide the basis for selecting appropriate AAV vector and promoter for gene therapy of retinitis pigmentosa. METHODS: AAV2/2, AAV2/5, AAV2/8 and AAV2/9 were prepared. The C57BL/6J mice were injected subretinally with 1 μL purified AAV vectors (1.00×10(13) mg/L). Then the mice were killed 2 or 4 weeks after treatment, and the eyes were enucleated for frozen section. The expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) was observed under the confocal microscope. Two kinds of promoters, CMV and CAG, were selectd, and the expression of AAV2/8-GFP-CMV and AAV2/8-GFP-CAG was observed under confocal microscope. RESULTS: No bacterial infection or immune response were seen in the injected mice. 2 weeks after injection, the GFP green fluorescence of AAV2/8 and AAV2/9 in the mouse retina was obvious, which indicated that the GFP green fluorescence of AAV2/8 and AAV2/9 was high after transfection into the mouse retina. In these two serotypes, GFP green fluorescence of AAV2/8 was mainly concentrated in photoreceptor cells while AAV2/8 was expressed in the whole retina, indicating that AAV2/8 was more specific to photoreceptors. Further experiments on AAV2/8 showed that the GFP green fluorescence of the mouse retina was obvious 4 weeks after injection, indicating that the exogenous gene mediated by AAV2/8 could be stably expressed in vivo. For CMV and CAG promoters, CMV promoter was expressed stronger in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)cells, while CAG promoter was stronger in photorecepters. In photorecepters, CAG promoter was expressed almost the same as CMV promoter, while CMV promoter was stronger in RPE cells. CONCLUSION: AAV vectors could express transgene robustly in retinal cells; Among several AAV serotypes, AAV2/2 and AAV2/5 showed weaker GFP fluorescence than AAV2/8 and AAV2/9. AAV2/9 showed expression in each layer of the retina including ganglion cells. AAV2/8 was more specific for photoreceptor; CAG promoters had higher specificity for photoreceptors than CMV promoters.

本文分析了2例杓间区神经鞘瘤患者的临床表现及诊疗过程。例1患者声音嘶哑1年，咽喉部异物感，术前检查示杓间区占位，手术时先行支撑喉镜检查，术中冰冻怀疑为神经鞘瘤，再采用会厌根入路，切除杓间区肿瘤，修复创周黏膜，会厌复位缝合。例2患者声音嘶哑伴咽部不适，当地医院行支撑喉镜下喉肿物切除术并确诊为神经鞘瘤，术后2个月因复发转入我科，考虑既往手术史，直接采用会厌根入路切除，充分暴露、逐步分离并切除杓间区肿瘤，修复创周黏膜，缝合固定裂开的甲状软骨板。2例手术均顺利完成，术后随访患者发音良好，无复发。会厌根入路对该区域病变的手术是一种不错的选择。.

Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) are a subtype of breast cancer lacking of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human EGF-like receptor 2 (HER2). MiR-193 always acted as an oncogene and promoted toxic aldehyde accumulation and tyrosine hydroxylase dysfunction. The purpose of this study is to explore the function of miR-193 in triple-negative breast cancer.Quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to examine the mRNA level of miR-193 expression in 50 cases of TNBC tissues and para-cancerous specimens. Also, the relation between miR-193 level and the overall survival of TNBC patient was analyzed. MiR-193 mimic and miR-193 inhibitor oligos, as well as the corresponding negative control, were synthesized from RiboBio (Guangzhou, China).MiR-193 expression was higher in triple-negative breast cancer tissues and cell lines than the corresponding adjacent non-tumor tissues and normal cell lines. Upregulation of miR-193 predicted poor prognosis of TNBC patients. Overexpression of miR-193 promoted cell proliferation and invasion, while that was suppressed by the knockdown of miR-193. MiR-193 binds to the 3'-UTR of an inhibitor of growth family member 5 (ING5) mRNA to mediate the expression of ING5 in TNBC cells. The knockdown of miR-193 inhibited cell invasion-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Furthermore, the knockdown of miR-193 suppressed cell proliferation through the ING5/phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxy kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signal pathway.MiR-193 enhanced cell invasion-mediated EMT and improved cell proliferation through the ING5/PI3K/AKT signal pathway in triple-negative breast cancer. The newly identified miR-193/ING5/PI3K/AKT axis provides novel insight into the pathogenesis of triple-negative breast cancer.

The study aimed to explore whether microRNA-155 and FOXP3 could regulate invasive and migratory capacities of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells by mediating Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2) expression.Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to detect the binding condition between microRNA-155, FOXP3, and ZEB2. Protein and mRNA levels of ZEB2 in CRC cells were detected after overexpression of microRNA-155 and FOXP3 by Western blot and quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR), respectively. In vitro experiments were conducted using HCT116 and SW620 cell lines. We first detected expression levels of microRNA-155, FOXP3, and ZEB2 in the normal colorectal epithelial cell line (NCM460) and CRC cell lines (HCT116 and SW620) by qRT-PCR. Protein expressions of ZEB2, E-cadherin, and vimentin in WT, LV-GFP, and LV-FOXP3 groups were detected. Wound healing assay and transwell assay were conducted to determine the regulatory effects of microRNA-155 and FOXP3 on invasive and migratory capacities of CRC cells, respectively.Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay found that FOXP3 binds to the promoter and intron regions of ZEB2, and microRNA-155 binds to the 3'UTR region of wild-type ZEB2. Overexpression of FOXP3 downregulated mRNA and protein levels of ZEB2. ZEB2 was highly expressed, whereas microRNA-155 and FOXP3 were lowly expressed in HCT116 and SW620 cells than NCM460 cells. MicroRNA-155 overexpression upregulated E-cadherin and downregulated vimentin in CRC cells. Overexpression of FOXP3 and microRNA-155 inhibited invasive and migratory capacities of CRC cells.MicroRNA-155 and FOXP3 can jointly regulate ZEB2 expression, thereby inhibiting the migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells.

In solar wind, dissipation of slow-mode magnetosonic waves may play a significant role in heating the solar wind, and these modes contribute essentially to the solar wind compressible turbulence. Most previous identifications of slow waves utilized the characteristic negative correlation between δ|B| and δρ. However, that criterion does not well identify quasi-parallel slow waves, for which δ|B| is negligible compared to δρ. Here we present a new method of identification, which will be used in 3-D compressible simulation. It is based on two criteria: (1) that VpB0 (phase speed projected along B0) is around ± cs, and that (2) there exists a clear correlation of δv|| and δρ. Our research demonstrates that if vA > cs, slow waves possess correlation between δv|| and δρ, with δρ / δv|| ≈ ± ρ0 / cs. This method helps us to distinguish slow-mode waves from fast and Alfvén waves, both of which do not have this polarity relation. The criteria are insensitive to the propagation angle θk B, defined as the angle between wave vector k and B0; they can be applied with a wide range of β if only vA > cs. In our numerical simulation, we have identified four cases of slow wave trains with this method. The slow wave trains seem to deform, probably caused by interaction with other waves; as a result, fast or Alfvén waves may be produced during the interaction and seem to propagate bidirectionally away. Our identification and analysis of the wave trains provide useful methods for investigations of compressible turbulence in the solar wind or in similar environments, and will thus deepen understandings of slow waves in the turbulence.

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a major infectious disease which threatens people's health around the world. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has become an important index for evaluating the treatment and prognosis of patients with CHB. Many studies abroad have shown that the HRQoL of patients with CHB is influenced by various factors. Disease severity, clinical symptoms, and low self-efficacy are important influencing factors for patients' quality of life. Anti-viral therapy, proper physical therapy, or psychological intervention can significantly improve the HRQoL of community CHB patients, and HRQoL is even significantly improved in patients undergoing liver transplantation one year ago. These studies provide valid evidence for antiviral therapy for hepatitis B patients and liver transplantation techniques from the psychological level. At present, there still lacks studies on HRQoL of CHB patients in China. This article summarizes the measurement tools for HRQoL widely used in recent years in China and foreign countries, reviews the research advances in HRQoL in community patients with CHB, and discusses the perspectives for future studies.慢性乙型病毒性肝炎是危害全球人民生命健康的重大传染性疾病。健康相关生命质量（HRQoL）已成为评价慢性乙型肝炎患者治疗和预后的一个良好指标。国外许多研究结果表明慢性乙型肝炎患者的HRQoL受到不同程度的影响。病情的严重程度、临床症状和自我效能感不足等是影响患者生活质量的重要因素。对社区慢性乙型肝炎患者采取抗病毒治疗、适当的物理治疗或心理干预，都可以显著提高其HRQoL。甚至肝移植1年后的患者，HRQoL亦明显好转。这为乙型肝炎患者的抗病毒治疗和肝移植技术从心理学层面提供了有效证据。目前国内对慢性乙型肝炎患者的HRQoL研究尚处于空白阶段，现概述国内外近年广泛使用的HRQoL的测量工具，并对社区乙型肝炎患者的健康相关生命质量研究进展作一综述，以及对今后的相关研究进行讨论和展望。.

To explore the radiosensitivity of andrographolide on esophageal cancer cell line ECA109. The inhibition effects of andrographolide were measured using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Clonogenic survival assay was used to evaluate the effects of andrographolide on the radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer cells. Immunofluorescence was employed to examine Bax expression. The changes in cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were assayed using flow cytometry. The expression of NF-κb/Cleaved-Caspase3/Bax/Bcl-2 was measured using Western blot analysis. DNA damage was detected via γ-H2AX foci counting. With a clear dose and time effects, andrographolide was found to inhibit the proliferation of esophageal cell line ECA109. The results of the clonogenic survival assay show that andrographolide could markedly enhance radiosensitivity (P < 0.05) with a sensitizing enhancement ratio of 1.28. Andrographolide caused a dose-dependent increase in Cleaved-Caspase3/Bax protein expression and a decrease in Bcl-2/NF-κb expression. Apoptosis in andrographolide-treated ECA-109 increased significantly compared with the apoptosis in the simple drug and radiation combined with drug groups (P < 0.001; P < 0.05). Moreover, compared with the independent radiation group, the andrographolide combined with radiation group increased the number of DNA double chain breaks. Andrographolide can increase the radiosensitivity of esophageal cell line ECA109. This result may be associated with the decrease in the NF-κb level and the induced apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells.

To investigate the common causes of death after drinking and the precautions for forensic identification.By reading alarm records, visiting investigations, on-site investigation transcripts, medical examination records and identification documents, the sex, age, corpse examination, toxic （drug） analysis and cause of death in 13 cases of post-drinking death were retrospectively analyzed.In 13 cases of post-drinking abnormal death, the causes of death were mainly drowning after drinking and asphyxia induced by stomach contents reflux. However, when accompanied by injury or other toxic poisoning, competition of death causes often occured.Combining the case and on-site inspection, a comprehensive systematic corpse examination and toxic （drug） analysis is of great significance for the forensic identification of cadavers of non-acute ethanol poisoning after drinking.酒后非正常死亡案例分析13例.探讨酒后死亡的常见死亡原因和法医学鉴定注意事项。.通过调阅报警记录、走访调查情况、现场勘验笔录、医学检验记录及鉴定文书等资料，对13例酒后死亡者的性别、年龄、尸体检验、毒（药）物检验和死亡原因等情况进行回顾性分析。.13例酒后非正常死亡案例中，死者均为男性，死亡原因以酒后溺水、胃内容物反流导致窒息多见，但在伴有损伤或其他毒物中毒时，常常导致死因竞争。.结合案情、现场勘验，进行全面系统的尸体检验和毒（药）物检验，对酒后非急性乙醇中毒死亡尸体的法医学鉴定有重要意义。.法医病理学；饮酒；死亡原因；案例分析.

The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have come to be highlighted by their close relation to the cell invasion of gliomas. The inhibitors of MMPs have undergone extensive development because of its effectiveness against tumor invasion and angiogenesis. Therefore, a suitable animal model is necessary for searching new MMPs inhibitors against gliomas. In this study, we established an experimental model by implanting 9L glioma cells stereotactically into Fisher344 (F344) rat's brain, and the expression and enzymatic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in 9L glioma cells and in tumor tissue was determined by means of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) zymography, in situ film zymography and immunostaining. The results of RT-PCR showed that the mRNA level of MMP-2 in 9L glioma cells was higher than that of MMP-9, and the mRNA expression of MMP-9 was increased along with the growth of malignant gliomas. SDS-PAGE zymography revealed that the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were significantly increased in tumor tissues, and the MMP-9 wasn't detected in normal tissue. The positive stain of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was enhanced with the growth of malignant gliomas, especially for MMP-9. The expression of active gelatinase was found in tumor tissue. In conclusion, the expression of active MMP-2 and MMP-9 was increased in 9L/F344 rat brain during the growth of malignant gliomas at different time intervals, which indicate that 9L/F344 animal model may be a prospective animal model to test new MMPs inhibitors.

In order to evaluate the effects of dietary taurine supplementation on visual fatigue induced by visual display terminals (VDT) work, 25 male college students aged from 20 to 24 years who were not engaged in VDT work were selected to participate in the study. Volunteers were randomly assigned to either the taurine supplementation (n=13) or the placebo supplementation control group (n=12). Before and after 12 days of taurine (3 g/day) or placebo supplementation, two identical 2.5-hr VDT work tests were performed while recording the P100, N75 and N145 latencies and P100 amplitude of pattern visual evoked potential (PVEP) and the frequency of critical flicker fusion (CFF). Following 2.5-hr of VDT work, the P100 and N75 latencies of PVEP increased ( P

To explore the radiosensitivity of andrographolide on esophageal cancer cell line ECA109. The inhibition effects of andrographolide were measured using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Clonogenic survival assay was used to evaluate the effects of andrographolide on the radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer cells. Immunofluorescence was employed to examine Bax expression. The changes in cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were assayed using flow cytometry. The expression of NF-κb/Cleaved-Caspase3/Bax/Bcl-2 was measured using Western blot analysis. DNA damage was detected via γ-H2AX foci counting. With a clear dose and time effects, andrographolide was found to inhibit the proliferation of esophageal cell line ECA109. The results of the clonogenic survival assay show that andrographolide could markedly enhance radiosensitivity (P0.05) with a sensitizing enhancement ratio of 1.28. Andrographolide caused a dose-dependent increase in Cleaved-Caspase3/Bax protein expression and a decrease in Bcl-2/NF-κb expression. Apoptosis in andrographolide-treated ECA-109 increased significantly compared with the apoptosis in the simple drug and radiation combined with drug groups (P0.001; P0.05). Moreover, compared with the independent radiation group, the andrographolide combined with radiation group increased the number of DNA double chain breaks. Andrographolide can increase the radiosensitivity of esophageal cell line ECA109. This result may be associated with the decrease in the NF-κb level and the induced apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells.

SummaryWhat is known and objective The glycopeptide antibiotics, vancomycin and teicoplanin, are the mainstay of therapy for severe gram-positive organisms such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. We report a case of Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) induced by sequential therapy with teicoplanin and vancomycin, in a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Case summary A 74-year-old Han Chinese with 1-year history of COPD was admitted for treatment of infective endocarditis. After teicoplanin therapy for 12 days, he developed pruritus and maculopapular over his trunk and limbs. His rash spread rapidly to most parts of the body surface area, 7 days after his anti-infection therapy was switched to vancomycin. This was stopped, but he developed SJS when teicoplanin was re-introduced. This patient recovered from his drug eruptions when both teicoplanin and vancomycin were stopped. Pharmacogenetic analyses revealed he was heterozygous with respect to two variants (rs2844682 of MUC21 and rs750332 of BAG6). What is new and conclusion Cross-reactivity between vancomycin and teicoplanin is rare. SJS attributable to sequential treatment with these two antibiotics has not been reported previously. Care should be taken when prescribing vancomycin in patients with a previous documented skin eruption to teicoplanin, especially in those who carry any susceptibility alleles to SJS/TEN.

The CD31 antigen (PECAM-1) has been reported to be a stable marker for a human CD4 T-cell subpopulation unable to produce interleukin-4 (IL-4). We show here that CD31 expression is not stable inasmuch as CD4 T-cell lines and clones derived from cell-sorted neonatal CD31+ cells lose CD31 upon repetitive cycles of stimulation and IL-2 expansion. Moreover, various cytokines (IL-1 alpha, IL-4, IL-6, transforming growth factor-beta) fail to reinduce CD31 on CD31- clones. Whereas all CD31+ CD4 T cells rapidly express high levels of the CD45RO antigen and down-regulate the L-selectin antigen after priming, CD31 disappears more slowly because only part of the cells lose CD31 expression upon each cycle of stimulation. Loss of CD31 reflects a functional maturation of CD45RO+ cells since, in a system which favours the development of Th2 effectors, IL-4 is produced by CD31- but not CD31+ effector T cells, whereas interferon-gamma is produced by both types of cells. However, CD31 is not a Th1 marker since it is not expressed on several Th1 antigen-specific clones. We conclude that CD31 is a maturation marker expressed on the great majority of naive CD45RO- CD4 T cells and on a subset of CD45RO+ CD4 T cells that are at an intermediate stage of maturation.

It was recently demonstrated that naive human and mouse CD4 T cells release low but sufficient levels of interleukin (IL)-4 at priming to support their development into IL-4 producers. To determine whether this IL-4 is produced by a minor subset of cells, freshly isolated human naive CD4 T cells were directly cloned by limiting dilution in the absence of exogenous IL-4. More than 95% of neonatal and 60% of adult naive T cells seeded in single-cell cultures could be expanded upon stimulation with anti-CD3 mAb immobilized on CD32-B7.1 L cell transfectants in the presence of IL-2. All 171 clones derived from four neonates and two adults produced IL-4 and IL-5 at generally high levels. Like the allergen-specific human Th2 clones described in the literature, these T cell clones produced little or no interferon-gamma upon stimulation via their T cell receptor/CD3 complex, whereas they released high levels of this cytokine when activated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate+ionomycin. Cells cloned and expanded in the presence of anti-IL4 + anti-IL-4R mAb produced much lower levels of IL-4 and IL-5. It is concluded that almost every single naive human CD4 T cell primed and expanded in the absence of exogenous IL-4 releases sufficient autocrine IL-4 to support its clonal expansion into high IL-4/IL-5 producers.

A series of polycrystalline YMn1−xRuxO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) samples were prepared by traditional solid-state reaction method. Effects of doping on the microstructures and magnetic properties were investigated. Microstructural results reveal that samples crystallize in a single hexagonal structure with P63cm group for x ≤ 0.1. Lattice parameters a, c, and unit-cell volume of YMn1−xRuxO3 are found to increase with doping content, which are ascribed to the larger radius of Ru3+ than that of Mn3+. Weak ferromagnetism is found and is enhanced with increasing doping concentration x. The bond angles of Mn-O3-Mn and Mn-O4-Mn are changed in the opposite trends, which break the Mn-Mn exchange interaction, thus the antiferromagnetic ordering. The MnO5 bipyramid is found to be relieved and the trimerization of Mn ions is weakened. These structural modifications result in the increase of weak ferromagnetism ordering in samples.

B lymphocytes from chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) patients express the two CD23 isoforms (type A and B), which differ only in their intracytoplasmic domain. The abnormal regulation of the CD23 antigen in response to IL-4, IFNs alpha and gamma results in CD23 over-expression on B-CLL cells. Our present study shows that the two CD23 isoforms are differentially and abnormally regulated on B-CLL cells. IL-4 selectively up-regulates CD23 type A mRNA in five different B-CLL patients, whereas in normal B cells it enhances CD23 type A and is the most potent inducer of type B. In contrast, phorbol esters (PMA) up-regulate both CD23 isoforms in the malignant B cells and specifically increases type B in normal B cells. We next postulated that cytokines other than IL-4 regulate CD23 B isoform in B-CLL cells and therefore examined the effect of IL-2, IFN-gamma and IFN-alpha. We found that the ability of a given cytokine to induce B-CLL growth (i.e. IL-2 and IFN alpha) is concurrent with a selective up-regulation of CD23 type B mRNA, whereas lymphokines that have no B cell growth activity (i.e. IL-4 and IFN-gamma) specifically increase CD23 type A mRNA. We next showed that IL-4 and IFN gamma prevent hydrocortisone-induced programmed cell death and that the rescued malignant B cells mainly express CD23 type A. Given that CD23 molecule has been reported to play a role in normal B cell proliferation and survival, it is therefore proposed that in B-CLL cells the expression of CD23 type A may be related to cell viability and that of type B to cell proliferation. These data suggest that the CD23 molecule may contribute to the physiopathology of the disease which is characterized by the accumulation of long-lived and slow-dividing monoclonal B cells.

Naive CD8 T cells isolated from umbilical cord blood were examined for cytokine production and for surface phenotype before and after priming with anti-CD3 mAb in the presence of selected cytokines. On stimulation with anti-CD3 immobilized on CD32-B7-transfected L cells, naive and primed CD8 T cells release high levels of IFN-gamma but no IL-2, IL-4, or IL-5. IL-12-primed cells, and to a lesser extent IL-2-primed cells, have an increased capacity to produce IFN-gamma but display the same restricted pattern of cytokine production. Cells primed in the presence of IL-4 or IL-4 + IL-2 are capable of producing high levels of IL-5 but no IL-4, and their IFN-gamma-producing capacity is much reduced. Cells primed with both IL-4 + IL-12 produce high levels of IL-5 and IFN-gamma but no IL-4. IL-4-producing CD8 T cells are obtained only if IL-4- or IL-4 + IL-2-primed cells are subjected to a second cycle of activation in the presence of IL-2; restimulation of IL-4 + IL-12-primed cells under identical conditions fails to generate IL-4-producing cells but leads to the development of high IFN-gamma and IL-5 producers. Thus, unlike in CD4 T cells, IL-12 completely inhibits IL-4-induced capacity of CD8 T cells to produce IL-4. However, IL-4 and IL-12 synergize to promote the expression of IL-5. Regardless of the priming conditions, primed CD8 T cells are CD45ROhigh/RA-, CD31high and more than 50% are CD4+/CD8+; activated naive or primed CD8 T cells do not express CD40 ligand.

To investigate the recovery effect of cardiomyopeptidin fractions and fraction addition on the cardiac muscle cells in rats damaged by adriamycin.Observing the activity of the succinic dehydrogenase which is at mitochondrion in the cells damaged by adriamycin with MTT.Five fractions have all promoted the activating effect of the enzyme, the action of PI being higher than the others. Fraction addition has also promoted the activating effect of the enzyme, but without additive effect.The recovery effect of cardimyopeptidin depends on the interplay among the fractions.

To investigate the preventive effect of cardiomyopeptidin of small molecular weight polypeptide on rat hearts injured by ischemia-reperfusion.In a rat model injured by ischemia-reperfusion in the heart, observation was made on the influence of cardiomyopeptidin on the activities of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), as well as on the content of MDA in plasma after the preventive drug was used.Cardiomyopeptidin could obviously prevent the injury caused by ischemia-reperfusion, reduce the activities of CK and LDH and the content of MDA in a dose-dependent manner.Cardiomyopeptidin has a preventive effect on myocardium injured by ischemia-reperfusion and this may be related to its reducing the release of myocardial enzyme and anti-lipoperoxidation.

To study the role of norepinephrine system in the cardiovascular response to intracerebroventricular substance P (SP) in rabbit.SP was given intracerebroventricularly in anesthetized rabbits pretreated with the catecholaminergic neurotoxin, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). The density and affinity of SP receptors on synaptosomal membranes of the hypothalamus and the ventral medulla of rabbits were determined by [125I]SP receptor assay. Arterial blood pressure and heart rate were recorded.Intracerebroventricular (icv) pretreatment of rabbits with 6-OHDA, reduced norepinephrine in the hypothalamus (by 86.7 %) and in the ventral medulla (by 77.0 %) respectively. The pressor response and tachycardia of these rabbits to icv SP (3.55 nmol . kg-1) were attenuated. The density and the affinity of SP receptors in the hypothalamus and the ventral medulla of 6-OHDA-lesioned rabbits were decreased. The Bmax (pmol . g-1 protein) of SP receptors in hypothalamus and the ventral medulla are 108 +/- 5, 35.9 +/- 2.2 in control group, and 42 +/- 18, 20 +/- 5 in 6-OHDA-lesioned rabbits, respectively. Kd (nmol . L-1) of SP receptors in the two regions are 0.015 +/- 0.004, 0.014 +/- 0.006 in control group and 0.029 +/- 0.001, 0.015 +/- 0.003 in 6-OHDA group. There is a significant difference of Bmax (P0.01) and Kd (P0.01, P0.05) in both regions between 6-OHDA groups and control groups.The results suggested that central norepinephrine pathways are involved in the cardiovascular response to icv SP.

Thirty-nine psoriasis (PS) cases were treated by using fumigation and inhalation of Huayin Powder, it's effect was observed and comparison with composite Qingdaiwan group 34 cases was made. The result, showed that the efficacy overall was 94.90% in the treatment group, and 61.80% in the control (P0.01); recurrence rate and side effects of treatment group were obviously lower than those in the control; the medium molecular substance (MMS) content of treated group was higher than that of control (P0.01); and significantly lower in the treated group before treatment in comparison with that after treatment (P0.05) as well as lower than that of control. Before treatment there was insignificant difference in circulatory immune complex(CIC) between the treatment and control group (P0.05); however, after Huayin Powder was given, the CIC of treated group was significantly lower than that of before, treatment (P0.01). It indicated that both Huayin powder and composite Qingdaiwan were effective in treating PS, but the former being obviously better than the latter.

The maturation of naive CD4 T cells into interleukin (IL)-4-producing effectors was shown to require the presence of IL-4 at priming, the cellular origin of which remains unclear. We demonstrate here that naive T cells themselves release IL-4 at very low levels that are nevertheless sufficient to promote their development into Th2-like cells. This conclusion is based on three observations: (1) highly purified human naive CD4 T cells, of neonatal or adult origin, develop into Th2 effectors upon repetitive cycles of stimulation with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) cross-linked to CD32-B7 transfected L fibroblasts followed by IL-2 expansion; (2) IL-4 protein is readily detectable in the concentrated supernatant fluids of priming cultures performed in the presence of anti-IL-4 receptor mAb; and (3) addition of anti-IL-4 or anti-IL-4 receptor mAb at priming markedly inhibits the acquisition of IL-4- and IL-5-producing capacity while enhancing that of interferon-gamma.

A microfluorometer used for measuring intracellular free calcium has been constructed. This system was based on an XSJ-2 epifluorescence microscope with the following modifications. First, the AC mercury lamp was replaced by a DC xenon lamp to provide a stable light source. Second, an excitation filter wheel incorporating two interference filters was inserted in the light path allowing the biological sample to be excited alternately by lights of two different wavelength. The running of the whole system was under the control of a microcomputer. Such a system has successfully been used to monitor intracellular calcium changes with fluorescent calcium-sensitive dye Fura-2. Some examples of application are presented.

Using an electromagnetic flowmeter technique, the cardiac output as measured by blood flow in the aortic arch was measured during intracerebroventricular injection (icv.) of Substance P (SP) and physostigmine in 47 anesthetized rabbits. Carotid artery blood pressure and heart rate were recorded. After icv of SP (20 micrograms/20 microliters) or physostigmine (60 micrograms/20 microliters), both cardiac output and mean artery pressure were increased. Pretreatment with icv. of atropine (150 micrograms/20 microliters) did not alter the effect of SP, but the effect of physostigmine was blocked by pretreatment with SP blocker (25 micrograms/20 microliters). These findings suggest that cerebral SP is involved in cholinergic mechanisms on the central control of blood pressure.

Water soluble drugs carried in liposomes have rather low encapsulation percentage (EP%) and poor stability. In this paper metronidazole (I) was chosen as a model of water soluble drugs which was modified by means of esterification. Its myristic ester (II) was synthesized. On studying the liposomes of I and II, the results have shown that EP% and stability of II were more than ten times as high as that of I. Furthermore, the reconstitutable liposomes of II were prepared successfully. The amoebacide activity of II liposomes was increased also. Therefore, the hydrophobic modification of water soluble drugs is a good way to improve the drug entrapped in liposomes.

The micrometer-sized ZnO tubes were fabricated by a hydrothermal method and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Photoluminescence (PL) emission from ZnO microtubes excited by light in the ultraviolet range from xenon lamp was measured. By using nanosecond laser beam at 527nm to excite ZnO microtube, we observed two-photon induced PL emission with an intense peak at 3.15eV and a weak peak at 2.65eV, which was confirmed by the quadratic dependence of the emission intensity on the excitation power.