Search

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP), responsible for acute lung injury (ALI) and inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, is a zoonotic pathogen that poses a threat to livestock farming worldwide. Nevertheless, there is currently no validated vaccine to prevent KP infection. The development of mucosal vaccines against KP using Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) is an effective strategy. Results: Firstly, the L. plantarum strains NC8-pSIP409-aCD11c' and NC8-pLc23-aCD11c were constructed via homologous recombination to express the aCD11c protein either inducibly or constitutively. Both NC8-pSIP409-aCD11c' and NC8-pLc23-aCD11c strains could enhance the adhesion and invasion of L. plantarum on bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), and stimulate the activation of BMDCs compared to the control strain NC8-pSIP409 in vitro. Following oral immunization of mice with NC8-pSIP409-aCD11c' and NC8-pLc23-aCD11c, the cellular, humoral, and mucosal immunity were significantly improved, as evidenced by the increased expression of CD4+ IL-4+ T cells in the spleen, IgG in serum, and secretory IgA (sIgA) in the intestinal lavage fluid (ILF). Furthermore, the protective effects of L. plantarum against inflammatory damage caused by KP infection were confirmed by assessing the bacterial loads in various tissues, lung wet/dry ratio (W/D), levels of inflammatory cytokines, and histological evaluation, which influenced T helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T (Treg) cells in peripheral blood and lung. Conclusions: Both the inducible and constitutive L. plantarum strains NC8-pSIP409-aCD11c' and NC8-pLc23-aCD11c have been found to stimulate cellular and humoral immunity levels and alleviate the inflammatory response caused by KP infection. These findings have provided a basis for the development of a novel vaccine against KP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the relationship between the gut microbiome and allergies becomes better understood, targeted strategies to prevent and treat allergies through gut microbiome modulation are being increasingly developed. In the study presented herein, we screened various probiotics for their ability to inhibit mast cell degranulation and identified Lactiplatibacillus plantarum HD02 and MD159 as effective candidates. The two strains significantly attenuated vascular permeability induced by mast cell degranulation in a passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) model and, in the MC903-induced murine atopic dermatitis (AD) model, demonstrated comparable preventive effects against allergies, reducing blood levels of MCPT-1 (mast cell protease-1) and total IgE. In the house dust mite (HDM)-induced murine AD model, both L. plantarum HD02 and MD159 showed therapeutic effects, with L. plantarum HD02 demonstrating superior efficacy. Nevertheless, L. plantarum MD159 better suppressed transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Furthermore, L. plantarum HD02 and MD159 significantly increased the number of splenic Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, with L. plantarum MD159 having a more pronounced effect. However, only L. plantarum HD02 achieved a reduction in immune cells in the draining lymph nodes. Our findings highlight L. plantarum HD02 and MD159 as promising candidates for the prevention and treatment of allergies, demonstrating significant efficacy in suppressing mast cell degranulation, reducing the number of allergy biomarkers, and modulating immune responses in experimental models of AD. Their distinct mechanisms of action suggest potential complementary roles in addressing allergic diseases, underscoring their therapeutic promise in clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to their limited accuracy and narrow applicability, current antimicrobial peptide (AMP) prediction models face obstacles in industrial application. To address these limitations, we developed and improved an AMP prediction model using Comparing and Optimizing Multiple DEep Learning (COMDEL) algorithms, coupled with high-throughput AMP screening method, finally reaching an accuracy of 94.8% in test and 88% in experiment verification, surpassing other state-of-the-art models. In conjunction with COMDEL, we employed the phage-assisted evolution method to screen Sortase in vivo and developed a cell-free AMP synthesis system in vitro , ultimately increasing AMPs yields to a range of 0.5–2.1 g/L within hours. Moreover, by multi-omics analysis using COMDEL, we identified Lactobacillus plantarum as the most promising candidate for AMP generation among 35 edible probiotics. Following this, we developed a microdroplet sorting approach and successfully screened three L. plantarum mutants, each showing a twofold increase in antimicrobial ability, underscoring their substantial industrial application values. This study establishes an AI-based AMPs prediction model named COMDEL for effectively mining edible AMPs and probiotics, which are subsequently synthesized and directly evolved for industrial application, respectively. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the impact of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum PC-004 (PL) and Kazachstania bulderi PY-1 (PY), selected from home-made Paocai, on the physicochemical properties and volatile flavor compounds of fermented Pleurotus eryngii. P. eryngii, fermented by PY, was maintained at about pH 5 throughout fermentation, while co-fermentation exhibited a higher acid production rate and lower post-acidification value compared to mono-fermentation by PL. The viable cell counts of PY exhibited no difference between the mono- and co-fermentation, while PL significantly decreased in the co-fermentation after 168 h. Compared to mono-fermented P. eryngii, co-fermentation had lower levels of certain biogenic amines. Co-fermented P. eryngii had a higher value of nitrite in the early fermentation stage, but this decreased during mono-fermentations. Additionally, among the three different groups, PY fermentation had more esters, PL fermentation had more ketones and aldehydes, and co-fermentation had more abundance and diverse volatile flavor compounds than mono-fermentations. Our results suggest that co-fermentation with K. bulderi and L. plantarum is suitable for producing fermented P. eryngii, highlighting their potential for the fermentation of edible mushrooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum S61 and prebiotic Xylooligosaccharide (XOS) on the physicochemical (pH, Titratable acidity, and °Brix), functional (color, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, Vitamin C content), and sensory properties of orange juice during fermentation at 37 °C for 48 h. The fermented juice displayed favorable physicochemical characteristics (pH, Titratable acidity, and °Brix), important growth of the probiotic L. plantarum S61 (p < 0.05), and enhanced color and shelf life of the final product. The results showed that the values of total phenolic content, antioxidant activities, and Vitamin C range between 55.33 and 38.50 µM, 50.68–63.57%, and 17.5-23.75 mg/100 g, respectively, at the end of the fermentation. Furthermore, Probiotic and prebiotic supplementation enhanced significantly (p < 0.05) the total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity, and preserved the degradation of Vitamin C during fermentation. Moreover, there were no significant differences between the formulations regarding color, texture, and overall acceptance (p > 0.05). Consequently, the orange juice supplemented Xylooligosaccharide (prebiotic) and probiotic cultures could be applied to develop a new non-dairy synbiotic beverage product with important and high functional values and acceptance sensory properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP), responsible for acute lung injury (ALI) and inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, is a zoonotic pathogen that poses a threat to livestock farming worldwide. Nevertheless, there is currently no validated vaccine to prevent KP infection. The development of mucosal vaccines against KP using Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) is an effective strategy. Results Firstly, the L. plantarum strains NC8-pSIP409-aCD11c’ and NC8-pLc23-aCD11c were constructed via homologous recombination to express the aCD11c protein either inducibly or constitutively. Both NC8-pSIP409-aCD11c’ and NC8-pLc23-aCD11c strains could enhance the adhesion and invasion of L. plantarum on bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), and stimulate the activation of BMDCs compared to the control strain NC8-pSIP409 in vitro. Following oral immunization of mice with NC8-pSIP409-aCD11c’ and NC8-pLc23-aCD11c, the cellular, humoral, and mucosal immunity were significantly improved, as evidenced by the increased expression of CD4+ IL-4+ T cells in the spleen, IgG in serum, and secretory IgA (sIgA) in the intestinal lavage fluid (ILF). Furthermore, the protective effects of L. plantarum against inflammatory damage caused by KP infection were confirmed by assessing the bacterial loads in various tissues, lung wet/dry ratio (W/D), levels of inflammatory cytokines, and histological evaluation, which influenced T helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T (Treg) cells in peripheral blood and lung. Conclusions Both the inducible and constitutive L. plantarum strains NC8-pSIP409-aCD11c’ and NC8-pLc23-aCD11c have been found to stimulate cellular and humoral immunity levels and alleviate the inflammatory response caused by KP infection. These findings have provided a basis for the development of a novel vaccine against KP.

Owing to their limited accuracy and narrow applicability, current antimicrobial peptide (AMP) prediction models face obstacles in industrial application. To address these limitations, we developed and improved an AMP prediction model using Comparing and Optimizing Multiple DEep Learning (COMDEL) algorithms, coupled with high-throughput AMP screening method, finally reaching an accuracy of 94.8% in test and 88% in experiment verification, surpassing other state-of-the-art models. In conjunction with COMDEL, we employed the phage-assisted evolution method to screen Sortase in vivo and developed a cell-free AMP synthesis system in vitro, ultimately increasing AMPs yields to a range of 0.5–2.1 g/L within hours. Moreover, by multi-omics analysis using COMDEL, we identified Lactobacillus plantarum as the most promising candidate for AMP generation among 35 edible probiotics. Following this, we developed a microdroplet sorting approach and successfully screened three L. plantarum mutants, each showing a twofold increase in antimicrobial ability, underscoring their substantial industrial application values.

Abstract Red rice is a kind of whole grain with health benefits. Probiotic fermentation is widely applied to promote nutrient release from cereals and improve bioactivity. The study aims to investigate the impact of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) dy‐1 fermentation on the bioactivities, bioaccessibility, and lipid‐lowering activities of red rice. Results indicated that fermentation significantly increased the protein and total phenolic content by 1.7 and 1.4 times of red rice, as well as the content of essential and nonessential amino acids. Fermentation remarkably increased the bioaccessibility of phenolics and the antioxidant capacity of red rice during in vitro digestion. Additionally, Caenorhabditis elegans study revealed that fermented red rice extract reduced the triglyceride content, alleviated fat deposition, and regulated lipid metabolism by altering the genes in the fatty acid oxidation and synthesis, such as daf‐16, mdt‐15, nhr‐49, fat‐5, fat‐7, and hosl‐1. Therefore, L. plantarum dy‐1 fermentation was beneficial for improving bioaccessibility and lipid‐lowering activities of red rice, which will provide a reference for utilization of red rice as a functional food.

Introduction Increasing public awareness of the impact of diet on health has increased the demand for healthy food products, especially probiotics. Probiotics are living and non-pathogenic microorganisms with beneficial effects on the host when consumed on a regular basis and sufficient amounts (106 cfu/gr or ml). A significant number of probiotics become inactive during various food processes (thermal, mechanical and osmotic stress), storage condition (exposure to oxygen, UV light and low or high temperature) or during interaction with food ingredients. In addition, the breakdown and passage of food through the digestive system can also affect the survival and ability of probiotics to form colony in the intestine. Therefore, it is a challenge for food manufacturers to maintain and deliver live probiotic cells in sufficient quantities via food product. On the other hand, the variety of probiotic food products in the market, especially in Iran, is low and is mainly limited to dairy products, fermented drinks and pickles. Bioactive edible films and coatings are defined as biopolymer-based structures that carry bioactive components such as vitamins, enzymes, peptides, etc, and slowly release them on the food surface during storage. Biopolymers such as polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids are used in the preparation of edible films and coatings. Trapping probiotic bacteria in the structure of edible films and coatings is a new approach that has been proposed to increase the survival of these microorganisms and to develop new probiotic products in the food industry. Materials and Methods In this study, an alginate-based probiotic bioactive film containing L. plantarum was fabricated after centrifuging of overnight culture of probiotic bacterium from MRS medium and adding the bacterial cells into film forming solution. The effect of bacterial addition on physical, mechanical and prevention properties of alginate film was evaluated. In addition, the effect of two temperatures 4 °C and 25 °C on the survival of embedded probiotic bacterium in the film structure during one month of storage was also investigated by microbial count assay on MRS agar medium. Then, the model food was covered with probiotic film and the survival of probiotic bacterium during storage at 4 °C was determined. Results and Discussion The results showed that the population of probiotic bacterium declined about 4.61% after drying of alginate film solution. Addition of probiotic bacterium to the alginate film increased the thickness, turbidity, and tensile strength of the film, while had no significant effect on solubility, water activity, Elongation (%) and microstructure of alginate film. In addition, the probiotic film containing bacteria had less Lightness (L*), and moisture content than the control film. Also, the incorporation of L. plantarum in alginate film could decrease the water vapor permeability (WVP) from 0.755 to 4.51 (×10-10 g m-1s-1pa-1). The total color difference (ΔE) of alginate film containing probiotic bacteria compared to control film without probiotic bacteria was 1.1. The SEM images were confirmed the proper and uniform distribution of probiotic L. plantarum cells on the surface of alginate film. The survival percentage of L. plantarum in alginate film after one month of storage at 4 °C and 25 °C was 96.84 and 47.29%, respectively. Also, the population of embedded bacteria in the film structure on the food model (sausage) surface after three weeks storage in refrigerator was in desired level of probiotic products (> 106 cfu / gr). Conclusion The viability of probiotic bacteria after the application of alginate film containing L. plantarum on the surface of food model (sausage) during cold storage remained at the optimal recommended level for three weeks. Therefore, alginate film is recommended as a suitable carrier for probiotic microorganisms to produce new functional products.

Red rice is a kind of whole grain with health benefits. Probiotic fermentation is widely applied to promote nutrient release from cereals and improve bioactivity. The study aims to investigate the impact of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) dy‐1 fermentation on the bioactivities, bioaccessibility, and lipid‐lowering activities of red rice. Results indicated that fermentation significantly increased the protein and total phenolic content by 1.7 and 1.4 times of red rice, as well as the content of essential and nonessential amino acids. Fermentation remarkably increased the bioaccessibility of phenolics and the antioxidant capacity of red rice during in vitro digestion. Additionally, Caenorhabditis elegans study revealed that fermented red rice extract reduced the triglyceride content, alleviated fat deposition, and regulated lipid metabolism by altering the genes in the fatty acid oxidation and synthesis, such as daf‐16, mdt‐15, nhr‐49, fat‐5, fat‐7, and hosl‐1. Therefore, L. plantarum dy‐1 fermentation was beneficial for improving bioaccessibility and lipid‐lowering activities of red rice, which will provide a reference for utilization of red rice as a functional food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer is associated with high mortality and morbidity rates. As about 20–30% of patients exhibiting ER-positive phenotype are resistant to hormonal treatment with the standard drug tamoxifen, finding new therapies is a necessity. Postbiotics, metabolites, and macromolecules isolated from probiotic bacteria cultures have been proven to have sufficient bioactivity to exert prohealth and anticancer effects, making them viable adjunctive agents for the treatment of various neoplasms, including breast cancer. In the current study, postbiotics derived from L. plantarum and L. rhamnosus cultures were assessed on an in vitro breast cancer model as potential adjunctive agents to therapy utilizing tamoxifen and a candidate aziridine–hydrazide hydrazone derivative drug. Cell viability and cell death processes, including apoptosis, were analyzed for neoplastic MCF-7 cells treated with postbiotics and synthetic compounds. Cell cycle progression and proliferation were analyzed by PI-based flow cytometry and Ki-67 immunostaining. Postbiotics decreased viability and triggered apoptosis in MCF-7, modestly affecting the cell cycle and showing a lack of negative impact on normal cell viability. Moreover, they enhanced the cytotoxic effect of tamoxifen and the new candidate drug toward MCF-7, accelerating apoptosis and the inhibition of proliferation. This illustrates postbiotics' potential as natural adjunctive agents supporting anticancer therapy based on synthetic drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lactic acid bacteria, found in heterogenous niches, are known for their health-endorsing properties and are in demand as prospective probiotics. Hence, the scientific community around the globe is in continuous search for novel and new potential strains with extensive applicability and minimum risk. In this context, the present study evaluated the efficiency of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (P2F2) of human origin, a highly autoaggregating and coaggregating (with pathogens) strain, for its colonization, growth promotion, and immunomodulation. Results indicated moderate hydrophobicity on adhesion to xylene and n-hexadecane and weak electron-donating properties with chloroform. The biofilm of P2F2 formed on polystyrene was strong and highly correlated to exopolysaccharide production. The autoaggregation was moderately correlated with hydrophobicity and biofilm production. It was noted that the P2F2 strain modulated the gut microbiota and increased intestinal villi length in Wistar rats. The lipid and glucose profiles remained intact. P2F2 treatment increased the activity of reactive oxygen species-generating cells in the peritoneal cavity, besides augmenting the mitogen-induced splenocyte proliferation and maintained the immunoglobulins at the normal level. Results from this study conclusively suggest that the strain P2F2 adheres to the intestine and modulates the gut ecosystem besides enhancing cell-mediated immunity without altering the serological parameters tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic hepatic condition whose impact on human health is increasingly significant. The imbalance of the gut microbiome, linked to insulin resistance, heightened intestinal permeability, and pro-inflammatory reactions, may be the linchpin in the development of NAFLD. In our research, the impact of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZDY2013 administration for 12 weeks on gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by a high-fat, high-fructose, high-cholesterol (FHHC) diet in male C57BL/6n mice was investigated. Research results presented that the intervention of L. plantarum ZDY2013 in mice fed with the FHHC diet could restore their liver function and regulate oxidative stress. Compared to mice in the model group, the intervention of L. plantarum ZDY2013 significantly regulated the gut microbiota, inhibited the LPS/NF-κB pathway, and led to a lower level of colonic inflammation in the mice administered with L. plantarum ZDY2013. It also improved insulin resistance to regulate the PI3K/Akt pathway and lipid metabolism, thereby resulting in reduced fat accumulation in the liver. The above results suggest that the intervention of L. plantarum ZDY2013 can hinder the progression of diet-induced NAFLD by reducing inflammation to regulate the PI3K/Akt pathway and regulating gut microbiota disturbance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The Lactobacillaceae family comprises many species of great importance for the food and healthcare industries, with numerous strains identified as beneficial for humans and used as probiotics. Hence, there is a growing interest in engineering these probiotic bacteria as live biotherapeutics for animals and humans. However, the genetic parts needed to regulate gene expression in these bacteria remain limited compared to model bacteria like E. coli or B. subtilis. To address this deficit, in this study, we selected and tested several bacteriophage-derived genetic parts with the potential to regulate transcription in lactobacilli. Results We screened genetic parts from 6 different lactobacilli-infecting phages and identified one promoter/repressor system with unprecedented functionality in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WCFS1. The phage-derived promoter was found to achieve expression levels nearly 9-fold higher than the previously reported strongest promoter in this strain and the repressor was able to almost completely repress this expression by reducing it nearly 500-fold. Conclusions The new parts and insights gained from their engineering will enhance the genetic programmability of lactobacilli for healthcare and industrial applications.

Background: Bacillus cereus and Yersinia enterocolitica are implicated in foodborne diseases (FBD) which have major effects on human health, therefore it is considered as universal public-health disorders. Essential oils and essential oils Nano emulsions have a sufficient antibacterial performance against a variety of bacteria especially multi-drug resistant bacteria. Probiotics showed several health benefits via moderating the GIT microbiota and their metabolites. Aim: The study was designed for evaluating the biocontrol ability of cinnamon essential oil Nano emulsion and probiotics as natural antibacterial additives and reveal their bactericidal mechanism. Methods: 250 random samples (50 raw milk, 50 rice pudding, 50 kariesh cheese, 50 yoghurt and 50 ice cream) were purchased separately from different areas in Mansoura city, Egypt and exposed to bacteriological analysis. Results: Bacillus cereus was found with the highest mean value of 66x107 ± 1.3x108 CFU/g in raw milk and the lowest mean value of 28x107 ± 2.6x107 CFU/g in kariesh cheese while Yersinia enterocolitica were found in 64% of the total inspected samples with the highest incidence (84%) in yoghurt. The toxinogenic potential of the tested pathogens have been evaluated by multiplex PCR pointing nhe A and ces genes for Bacillus cereus isolates while targeting in Y. enterocolitica 16s rRNA, and YST gene. Different concentrations (0.17%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.8%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%) of cinnamon oil Nano emulsion were employed in this study. CEO (Cinnamon essential oil) Nano emulsion had the highest reduction rate at a concentration of 1.5% in case of Bacillus cereus and 2% in case of Y. enterocolitica. Among different types of probiotics, the best one which showed inhibitory potential against Bacillus cereus and Y. enterocolitica was L. plantarum. Conclusion: L. plantarum and CEO Nano emulsion at a concentration of 2% have the highest reduction rate against Y. enterocolitica while, L. plantarum and CEO Nano emulsion at a concentration of 1.5% have the best antibacterial effect against Bacillus cereus. In conclusion, more attention is required for both safety and quality in dairy products through application of natural additives as essential oils and probiotics. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(1.000): 470-480]

ABSTRACTLactiplantibacillus plantarum is a probiotic starter culture that improves the flavor and nutritional content of fermented foods. It also shows potential in enhancing mucosal and systemic immunity, which contributes to overall health. We aimed to examine the complex genetic composition of the L. plantarum 13–3 via a detailed analysis of comparative genomics and our findings discovered that this genome displays high efficacy and conciseness as a nutrition enhancer, encompassing a cumulative sum of 2921 genes encoding proteins and a GC content of 45%. This study clarifies the evolutionary lineage of L. plantarum strains by examining the level of gene order conservation and synteny across various strains. Our strain has been found to possess a range of genetic components, including bacteriocin gene clusters and prophage regions, which indicates its potential applicability in various fields, including biotechnology and medicine. The unique genetic components have the potential to reveal novel therapeutic and biotechnological applications in the future.

The effect of Silybum marianum seed extract (SMSE), added freely or in co-encapsulated with L. plantarum (MT, ZH593), on cell survivability, physicochemical and textural parameters in synbiotic cheeses for 60 days at 4 °C were studied. Incorporated cheeses with free, single encapsulated, and co-encapsulated probiotic + SMSE experimented a reduction of 3.19, 1.23, and 0.76 log CFU/mL for the cell survivability and their antioxidant activity reached 15.19, 16.26, and 31.73%, respectively, at the end of the storage. Decrease in hardness, cohesiveness, and springiness of the cheese containing free probiotic + SMSE upon compression during storage revealed proteolysis pattern and pH development being the most effective agents while whey percentage and moisture loss were the most effective agents in the rest of the cheeses. Overall, microcapsules containing L. plantarum and SMSE propose an easy and efficient delivery vehicle for the transition of bio-compounds into cheese as a novel synbiotic food.

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The Lactobacillaceae family comprises many species of great importance for the food and healthcare industries, with numerous strains identified as beneficial for humans and used as probiotics. Hence, there is a growing interest in engineering these probiotic bacteria as live biotherapeutics for animals and humans. However, the genetic parts needed to regulate gene expression in these bacteria remain limited compared to model bacteria like E. coli or B. subtilis. To address this deficit, in this study, we selected and tested several bacteriophage-derived genetic parts with the potential to regulate transcription in lactobacilli. Results: We screened genetic parts from 6 different lactobacilli-infecting phages and identified one promoter/repressor system with unprecedented functionality in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WCFS1. The phage-derived promoter was found to achieve expression levels nearly 9-fold higher than the previously reported strongest promoter in this strain and the repressor was able to almost completely repress this expression by reducing it nearly 500-fold. Conclusions: The new parts and insights gained from their engineering will enhance the genetic programmability of lactobacilli for healthcare and industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum is a candidate probiotic that has been included in the list of recommended biological agents for certification by the European Food Safety Authority. It has been found to be widely present in acidic-gruel, yogurt, cheese, kefir, kimchi, and so on. In this article, we have reviewed both preclinical and human studies related to the health promoting effects of L. plantarum that have been published for the past decade. We found that L. plantarum could significantly improve intestinal function, oral as well as skin health, promote neuro as well as immune regulation, and be effective against metabolic diseases, etc. L. plantarum primarily enters the body through the oral cavity and acts on the gastrointestinal tract to effectively improve the intestinal flora. It can affect the female reproductive endocrine system through interaction with estrogen, androgen, insulin, and other hormones, as well as improve the body's allergic reaction and immunity by regulating Th1/Th2 response. Several prior reports also suggest that this Gram-positive bacterium can promote production and secretion of key neurotransmitters and neural activators in the intestinal tract by regulating the intestinal flora by directly or indirectly affecting the gut–brain axis through modulation of vagus nerve, cytokines, and microbial metabolites, thus relieving stress and anxiety symptoms in adults. This review is the first report describing the health promoting effects of L. plantarum, with the aim of providing a theoretical basis for the development of various beneficial applications of L. plantarum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vitamin enrichment in fermented dairy products through the intervention of vitamin-producing probiotic strains during fermentation is a novel approach in the field of probioceuticals. In this study, riboflavin-enriched yogurt-based fermented milk was prepared by mixing 1% (v/v) riboflavin-producing strain [1.2 × 108 CFU/mL of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MTCC 25432 or L. plantarum MTCC 25433 or L. plantarum MTCC 25434] with 2% (v/v) traditional yogurt cultures [Streptococcus thermophilus NCDC 295 and L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus NCDC 293; each of 1.3 × 107 CFU/mL]. The yogurt-based fermented milk prepared with traditional yogurt cultures (2%, v/v) was served as a control. The prepared yogurt-based fermented milk samples were analyzed and compared for riboflavin content, antimicrobial activity, physicochemical, and functional properties. As a result, the yogurt-based fermented milk prepared with L. plantarum MTCC 25432 produced a significantly higher amount of riboflavin (2.49 mg/L) as compared with MTCC 25433 (2.33 mg/L), MTCC 25434 (2.14 mg/L), and control (1.70 mg/L). The probiotic supplementation to yogurt cultures maintained the pH and titratable acidity in the range of 4.1–4.4 and 1.0–1.05% (lactic acid/100 mL), as recommended by Indian yogurt standards. The rheological, texture, and antimicrobial properties of yogurt-based fermented milk were enhanced with the addition of riboflavin-producing probiotic strains. Moreover, all yogurt-based fermented milk samples prepared in this study were acceptable as per the sensory evolution scores. In conclusion, the use of riboflavin-producing L. plantarum strains along with standard yogurt cultures could be the best approach to enhancing riboflavin content in yogurt-based fermented milk and fulfilling the daily riboflavin requirement in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Osteoporosis, one of the most common non-communicable human diseases worldwide, is one of the most prevalent disease of the adult skeleton. Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis(GIOP) is the foremost form of secondary osteoporosis, extensively researched due to its prevalence. Probiotics constitute a primary bioactive component within numerous foods, offering promise as a potential biological intervention for preventing and treating osteoporosis. This study aimed to evaluate the beneficial effects of the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum on bone health and its underlying mechanisms in a rat model of glucocorticoid dexamethasone-induced osteoporosis, using the osteoporosis treatment drug alendronate as a reference. Methods: We examined the bone microstructure (Micro-CT and HE staining) and analyzed the gut microbiome and serum metabolome in rats. Results and discussion: The results revealed that L. plantarum treatment significantly restored parameters of bone microstructure, with elevated bone density, increased number and thickness of trabeculae, and decreased Tb. Sp. Gut microbiota sequencing results showed that probiotic treatment increased gut microbial diversity and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidota decreased. Beneficial bacteria abundance was significantly increased (Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Ruminococcus, UCG_005, Romboutsia, and Christensenellaceae_R_7_group), and harmful bacteria abundance was significantly decreased (Desulfovibrionaceae). According to the results of serum metabolomics, significant changes in serum metabolites occurred in different groups. These differential metabolites were predominantly enriched within the pathways of Pentose and Glucuronate Interconversions, as well as Propanoate Metabolism. Furthermore, treatment of L. plantarum significantly increased serum levels of Pyrazine and gamma-Glutamylcysteine, which were associated with inhibition of osteoclast formation and promoting osteoblast formation. Lactobacillus plantarum can protect rats from DEX-induced GIOP by mediating the "gut microbial-bone axis" promoting the production of beneficial bacteria and metabolites. Therefore L. plantarum is a potential candidate for the treatment of GIOP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate single and multispecies probiotic applications for the prevention of motile aeromonads septicaemia (MAS) disease in gourami, Osphronemus gourami. The experiment consisted of the in vitro inhibition test and the in vivo application of probiotics in gourami. The in vivo assay, consisted of five treatments and five replicates, namely: negative control (K-); positive control (K+); (B) fish fed with supplementation of 1% (v/w) probiotic Bacillus NP5 RifR cells and challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila RifR; (L) fish fed with supplemention of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum CipR 1% (v/w); challenged with A. hydrophila RifR; (BL) fish fed with mixture supplementation of Bacillus NP5 RifR 0.5% (v/w)+L. plantarum CipR 0.5%; infected with A. hydrophila RifR. Fish (29.57 ± 1.00 g) were reared in a 45 L volume aquaria with a rearing density of 10 fish/ m3 for 50 days, with feeding trial three times a day. The challenge test was conducted by intramuscular injection with pathogenic A. hydrophila RifR cells (106 CFU/mL) on day 41st. In vitro test results showed that single and multispecies probiotics significantly (P<0.05) inhibited A.hydrophila. In vivo experiment showed that probiotic supplementation treatments improved the growth performance, and microbiota diversity in the gut. The immune responses, fish resistance to A. hydrophila and gourami survival rate in all treatments of supplemented feed were significantly higher compared to the positive control. The best treatment, multispecies probiotics significantly (P<0.05) improved the survival of gourami 96.67% post infection with A. hydrophila. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT There is a growing interest in the use of probiotic bacteria as biosensors for the detection of disease. However, there is a lack of bacterial receptors developed for specific disease biomarkers. Here, we have investigated the use of the peptide-regulated transcription factor ComR from Streptococcus spp. for specific peptide biomarker detection. ComR exhibits a number of attractive features that are potentially exploitable to create a biomolecular switch for engineered biosensor circuitry within the probiotic organism Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WCFS1. Through iterative design-build-test cycles, we developed a genomically integrated, ComR-based biosensor circuit that allowed WCFS1 to detect low nanomolar concentrations of ComR’s cognate peptide XIP. By screening a library of ComR proteins with mutant residues substituted at the K100 position, we identified mutations that increased the specificity of ComR toward an amidated version of its cognate peptide, demonstrating the potential for ComR to detect this important class of biomarker.IMPORTANCEUsing bacteria to detect disease is an exciting possibility under active study. Detecting extracellular peptides with specific amino acid sequences would be particularly useful as these are important markers of health and disease (biomarkers). In this work, we show that a probiotic bacteria (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum) can be genetically engineered to detect specific extracellular peptides using the protein ComR from Streptococcus bacteria. In its natural form, ComR allowed the probiotic bacteria to detect a specific peptide, XIP. We then modified XIP to be more like the peptide biomarkers found in humans and engineered ComR so that it activated with this modified XIP and not the original XIP. This newly engineered ComR also worked in the probiotic bacteria, as expected. This suggests that with additional engineering, ComR might be able to activate with human peptide biomarkers and be used by genetically engineered probiotic bacteria to better detect disease.

Abstract Fermentation can contribute to the supply of essential vitamins like folate, but studies exploring this potential are scarce. Injera is an Ethiopian fermented pancake‐like flatbread made from different cereals. The study aimed to investigate the effect of injera‐making process using different cereals (tef, sorghum, wheat, and barley) on folate content and to evaluate the effectiveness of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum in enhancing folate of injera made with different cereals. Cereals were used alone or in combination (tef and sorghum (1:1), wheat and sorghum (3:1), sorghum (100%), and barley (100%)). L. plantarum previously isolated from tef dough and ersho (fermentation batch) collected from the households were used as starters. Folate content of the flour, dough, and injera was determined by microbiological assay. Contribution of consumption of injera made with different cereals to the folate requirement of children and women of reproductive age was evaluated. Among the studied cereals, the highest average folate content (49.9 μg/100 g) was observed in 100% sorghum flour and the least (32.2 μg/100 g) in 100% barley flour, on dry weight basis. After fermentation, the highest average folate content (60.1 μg/100 g) was observed in 100% sorghum dough fermented with L. plantarum. Highest average folate content (15.45 μg/100 g) per fresh weight was observed in wheat and sorghum (3:1)‐blend injera fermented with L. plantarum. Consumption of L. plantarum–fermented injera made with different cereals contributed up to 8% of the recommended folate intake of women of reproductive age.

Abstract This research studied the viability of probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) encapsulated in the internal aqueous phase (W1) of a water‐in‐oil‐in‐water (W1/O/W2) emulsion system, with the help of gelation and different gelling agents. Additionally, the physicochemical, rheological, and microstructural properties of the fabricated emulsion systems were assessed over time under the effect of W1 gelation. The average droplet size and zeta potential of the control system and the systems fabricated using gelatin, alginate, tragacanth gum, and carrageenan were 14.7, 12.0, 5.1, 6.4, and 7.3 μm and − 21.1, −34.1, −46.2, −38.3, and −34.7 mV, respectively. The results showed a significant increase in the physical stability of the system and encapsulation efficiency of L. plantarum after the W1 gelation. The internal phase gelation significantly increased the viability of bacteria against heat and acidic pH, with tragacanth gum being the best gelling agent for increasing the viability of L. plantarum (28.05% and 16.74%, respectively). Apparent viscosity and rheological properties of emulsions were significantly increased after the W1 gelation, particularly in those jellified with alginate. Overall, L. plantarum encapsulation in W1/O/W2 emulsion, followed by the W1 gelation using tragacanth gum as the gelling agent, could increase both stability and viability of this probiotic bacteria.

As the relationship between the gut microbiome and allergies becomes better understood, targeted strategies to prevent and treat allergies through gut microbiome modulation are being increasingly developed. In the study presented herein, we screened various probiotics for their ability to inhibit mast cell degranulation and identified Lactiplatibacillus plantarum HD02 and MD159 as effective candidates. The two strains significantly attenuated vascular permeability induced by mast cell degranulation in a passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) model and, in the MC903-induced murine atopic dermatitis (AD) model, demonstrated comparable preventive effects against allergies, reducing blood levels of MCPT-1 (mast cell protease-1) and total IgE. In the house dust mite (HDM)-induced murine AD model, both L. plantarum HD02 and MD159 showed therapeutic effects, with L. plantarum HD02 demonstrating superior efficacy. Nevertheless, L. plantarum MD159 better suppressed transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Furthermore, L. plantarum HD02 and MD159 significantly increased the number of splenic Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, with L. plantarum MD159 having a more pronounced effect. However, only L. plantarum HD02 achieved a reduction in immune cells in the draining lymph nodes. Our findings highlight L. plantarum HD02 and MD159 as promising candidates for the prevention and treatment of allergies, demonstrating significant efficacy in suppressing mast cell degranulation, reducing the number of allergy biomarkers, and modulating immune responses in experimental models of AD. Their distinct mechanisms of action suggest potential complementary roles in addressing allergic diseases, underscoring their therapeutic promise in clinical applications.

This study investigated the impact of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum PC-004 (PL) and Kazachstania bulderi PY-1 (PY), selected from home-made Paocai, on the physicochemical properties and volatile flavor compounds of fermented Pleurotus eryngii. P. eryngii, fermented by PY, was maintained at about pH 5 throughout fermentation, while co-fermentation exhibited a higher acid production rate and lower post-acidification value compared to mono-fermentation by PL. The viable cell counts of PY exhibited no difference between the mono- and co-fermentation, while PL significantly decreased in the co-fermentation after 168 h. Compared to mono-fermented P. eryngii, co-fermentation had lower levels of certain biogenic amines. Co-fermented P. eryngii had a higher value of nitrite in the early fermentation stage, but this decreased during mono-fermentations. Additionally, among the three different groups, PY fermentation had more esters, PL fermentation had more ketones and aldehydes, and co-fermentation had more abundance and diverse volatile flavor compounds than mono-fermentations. Our results suggest that co-fermentation with K. bulderi and L. plantarum is suitable for producing fermented P. eryngii, highlighting their potential for the fermentation of edible mushrooms.

Summary: Hererin, the biopreservation (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum) was embedded into double‐layer nanofiber film (BDNF) composed of poly‐L‐lactic acid and polyethylene oxide via electrospinning process. Results showed that the embedded L. plantarum cells could manage to survive and maintain a high viability for about 15 days at 4 °C in the absence of external nutrients. The immobilisation of L. plantarum cells had no negative effect on their antibacterial activity. The application of BDNF on Mongolian cheese (MC) was constructed as a mutualistic symbiosis‐like system (MSS). Within BDNF‐MC‐MSS, nutritious matrix endowed L. plantarum a continuous antibacterial effect against undesirable microorganisms. Furthermore, the Mongolian cheese in MSS exhibited better quality because the packaging could strongly preserve them by inhibiting the growth of moulds and yeasts, reducing water loss, slowing fat precipitation, and improving texture characteristics during the storage period. The results suggested the feasibility of BDNF‐MC‐MSS as a novel way for Mongolian cheese preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fermented products consist beneficial probiotics, which makes these products render improved nutritional properties and health effects. There is a need for research to explore and establish the use of commonly existing fruits in fermented forms for application in skincare and as anti aging solutions. This study has been conducted to establish collagen building and antioxidant potential of fermented guava fruit juice powder. The human dermal fibroblast cells were used to determine the collagen building potential while chemical enzymatic assays were used to evaluate antioxidant properties of fermented guava juice powder (FGJP) . The antioxidant activity evaluated by the ability to scavenge DPPH radicals showed very high anti-oxidative capacity (IC50 = 0.015 mg/ml) comparable to ascorbic acid (IC50 = 0.018 mg/ml). This antioxidant potential can be attributed to the presence of various phytonutrients, primarily flavonoid (quercetin equivalent) at a concentration of 38 mcg/mg of the powder. The Collagen building potential was evaluated on the normal human fibroblast cell line . The levels of Collagen IV involved in skin cell migration, regeneration, and wound healing were estimated. FGJP imparted proliferation ability in NHDF cells at the concentrations of 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1mg/ml, which is 31% collagen synthesis against untreated cell control. This explains that fermented guava juice powder has a collagen building potential along with antioxidant properties. Such product would be helpful in providing a plant based anti aging solutions especially for vegan consumers. The optimized fermented guava juice powder has a shelf life of 45 days when stored at refrigerated conditions with a potential for combating oxidative stress and supporting in alleviating the aging symptoms like fine-line, wrinkle through collagen building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citrus is economically an important crop in Pakistan and good source of vitamin C with great antioxidant potential. Citrus production is affected throughout the world by a disease "Huanglongbing" (HLB), for which the causal organism is Candidatus liberibacter asiaticus. Current study was aimed on evaluation of Lactobacillus strains against the C. lib. asiaticus. C. lib. asiaticus was isolated from the infected Kinnow fruit and leave samples collected from the experimental station of the institute. In-vitro infectivity assay was performed to confirm the virulence of pathogen by the Koach's postulate. C. lib. asiaticus was identified using phenotypical tools and identification was further confirmed by 16S rDNA fingerprinting analysis. Three probiotic strains of Lactobacillus (L. plantarum TRNP-181, L. plantarum COTG-331, and L. brevis COTG-332) were employed for the antibacterial effect against C. lib. asiaticus using the in-vitro agar plate disc diffusion method and in-vivo using spray method. Leaf samples were also subjected to test anti-oxidant potential and profiling of the bioactive compounds. After screening experiment, co-aggregation ability of all three strains were analysed and it was revealed that L. plantarum COTG-331 performed best in all aspects against the test pathogen followed by L. brevis COTG-332. After in-vitro assay the Lactobacillus strains were applied in experimental field and a remarkable control of HLB was observed using L. plantarum COTG-331 with zero symptoms of HLB on treated plants. The antagonistic effect of rest of two Lactobacillus strains was also good but not complete. Leaf samples from treated plants were subjected to profiling of bioactive compounds and a remarkable amount of total phenolic acids, flavonoids contents were found, which increased the innate immunity of plants against HLB. Formulation of a commercialized bio-cure agent using successful Lactobacillus strain(s) is the future aspect of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been reported that pineapple (Ananas comosus) contains healthy nutrients and phytochemicals associated with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities. However, a substantial amount of pineapple residue is produced due to a lack of valorization applications at the industrial scale, resulting in the loss of valuable nutrients. Solid-state fermentation (SSF) is proposed as an innovative strategy to enhance the release of bound phenolics from pineapple residues. In this work, the effects of SSF of pineapple peels with Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Aspergillus oryzae on the release of phenolic compounds and their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated, respectively. Pineapple peel extracts after SSF showed an increase in the release of phenolic compounds (248.11% with L. plantarum, 182% with A. oryzae, and 180.10% with L. rhamnosus), which led to an increase in the cellular antioxidant (81.94% with L. rhamnosus) and anti-inflammatory potential (nitric oxide inhibition of 62% with L. rhamnosus) compared to non-fermented extracts. Therefore, SSF of pineapple peels with L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus, and A. oryzae thrives as a new approach for the production of secondary metabolites with remarkable biological benefits, which can be the precursors for novel biofortified and nutraceutical-enriched foods that meet the needs of the most demanding and health-conscious consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a vaginal infection caused by abnormal growth of Candida sp., especially Candida albicans , in the vaginal mucosa. A shift in vaginal microbiota is prominent in VVC. The presence of Lactobacillus plays a vital role in maintaining vaginal health. However, several studies have reported resistance of Candida sp. against azoles drugs, which is recommended as VVC treatment. The use of L. plantarum as a probiotic would be an alternative to treat VVC. In order to exert their therapeutic activity, the probiotics needed to remain viable. Multilayer double emulsion was formulated to obtain L. plantarum loaded microcapsules (MCs), thus improving its viability. Furthermore, a vaginal drug delivery system using dissolving microneedles (DMNs) for VVC treatment was developed for the first time. These DMNs showed sufficient mechanical and insertion properties, dissolved rapidly upon insertion, facilitating probiotic release. All formulations proved non-irritating, non-toxic, and safe to apply on the vaginal mucosa. Essentially, the DMNs could inhibit the growth of Candida albicans up to 3-fold than hydrogel and patch dosage forms in ex vivo infection model. Therefore, this study successfully developed the formulation of L. plantarum-loaded MCs with multilayer double emulsion and its combination in DMNs for vaginal delivery to treat VVC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A significant correlation is observed between Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) and the evolution of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Particularly, FomA, a critical pathogenic element of F. nucleatum, inflicts substantial detriment to human intestinal health. Our research focused on the development of recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum that expresses FomA protein, demonstrating its potential in protecting mice from severe IBD induced by F. nucleatum. To commence, two recombinant strains, namely L. plantarum NC8-pSIP409- pgsA’-FomA and NC8-pSIP409-FnBPA-pgsA’-FomA, were successfully developed. Validation of the results was achieved through flow cytometry, ELISA, and MTT assays. It was observed that recombinant L. plantarum instigated mouse-specific humoral immunity and elicited mucosal and T cell-mediated immune responses. Significantly, it amplified the immune reaction of B cells and CD4+T cells, facilitated the secretion of cytokines such as IgA, IL4, and IL10, and induced lymphocyte proliferation in response to FomA protein stimulation. Finally, we discovered that administering recombinant L. plantarum could protect mice from severe IBD triggered by F. nucleatum, subsequently reducing pathological alterations and inflammatory responses. These empirical findings further the study of an innovative oral recombinant Lactobacillus vaccine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fermentation can contribute to the supply of essential vitamins like folate, but studies exploring this potential are scarce. Injera is an Ethiopian fermented pancake‐like flatbread made from different cereals. The study aimed to investigate the effect of injera‐making process using different cereals (tef, sorghum, wheat, and barley) on folate content and to evaluate the effectiveness of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum in enhancing folate of injera made with different cereals. Cereals were used alone or in combination (tef and sorghum (1:1), wheat and sorghum (3:1), sorghum (100%), and barley (100%)). L. plantarum previously isolated from tef dough and ersho (fermentation batch) collected from the households were used as starters. Folate content of the flour, dough, and injera was determined by microbiological assay. Contribution of consumption of injera made with different cereals to the folate requirement of children and women of reproductive age was evaluated. Among the studied cereals, the highest average folate content (49.9 μg/100 g) was observed in 100% sorghum flour and the least (32.2 μg/100 g) in 100% barley flour, on dry weight basis. After fermentation, the highest average folate content (60.1 μg/100 g) was observed in 100% sorghum dough fermented with L. plantarum. Highest average folate content (15.45 μg/100 g) per fresh weight was observed in wheat and sorghum (3:1)‐blend injera fermented with L. plantarum. Consumption of L. plantarum–fermented injera made with different cereals contributed up to 8% of the recommended folate intake of women of reproductive age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research studied the viability of probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) encapsulated in the internal aqueous phase (W1) of a water‐in‐oil‐in‐water (W1/O/W2) emulsion system, with the help of gelation and different gelling agents. Additionally, the physicochemical, rheological, and microstructural properties of the fabricated emulsion systems were assessed over time under the effect of W1 gelation. The average droplet size and zeta potential of the control system and the systems fabricated using gelatin, alginate, tragacanth gum, and carrageenan were 14.7, 12.0, 5.1, 6.4, and 7.3 μm and − 21.1, −34.1, −46.2, −38.3, and −34.7 mV, respectively. The results showed a significant increase in the physical stability of the system and encapsulation efficiency of L. plantarum after the W1 gelation. The internal phase gelation significantly increased the viability of bacteria against heat and acidic pH, with tragacanth gum being the best gelling agent for increasing the viability of L. plantarum (28.05% and 16.74%, respectively). Apparent viscosity and rheological properties of emulsions were significantly increased after the W1 gelation, particularly in those jellified with alginate. Overall, L. plantarum encapsulation in W1/O/W2 emulsion, followed by the W1 gelation using tragacanth gum as the gelling agent, could increase both stability and viability of this probiotic bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are recognized as food-grade safe microorganisms and have many beneficial effects. LAB could maintain the host intestinal homeostasis and regulate intestinal microbial community to exert antibacterial effects. In this study, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum, Lp01) strain isolated from pig intestine was orally administered to C57BL/6 mice, and mice were then infected with Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC14028). The protective effects of L. plantarum were evaluated by monitoring body weight loss, survival rates, bacterial loads in tissue, colon histopathology analysis, and cytokine secretion. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was also utilized to detect the dynamics of the blind gut microbial community in mice. We found that L. plantarum could significantly reduce the body weight loss and improve the survival rates. The survival rate in the L. P-Sty group was up to 67.5%, which was much higher than that in the STY group (25%). Counting of bacterial loads displayed that the colony-forming unit (CFU) of S. typhimurium in the spleen (p < 0.05) and the liver (p < 0.05) from L. P-Sty group both decreased, compared with STY group. Intestinal histopathology showed that it alleviated the intestinal injury caused by Salmonella, inhibited the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and promoted anti-inflammatory cytokines (p < 0. 01). In addition, L. plantarum also significantly ameliorated the intestinal gut microbiome disturbance caused by Salmonella. It displayed an obvious increase of beneficial bacteria including Lactobacillus and Bacteroidetes and reduction of pathogenic bacteria like Proteobacteria. In conclusion, L. plantarum could regulate microbial community to inhibit Salmonella typhimurium infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microbial community composition in the human gut has a profound effect on human health. This observation has lead to extensive use of microbiome therapies, including over-the-counter ‘probiotic’ treatments intended to alter the composition of the microbiome. Despite so much promise and commercial interest, the factors that contribute to the success or failure of microbiome-targeted treatments remain unclear. We investigate the biotic interactions that lead to successful engraftment of a novel bacterial strain introduced to the microbiome as in probiotic treatments. We use pairwise genome-scale metabolic modeling with a generalized resource allocation constraint to build a network of interactions between taxa that appear in an experimental engraftment study. We create induced sub-graphs using the taxa present in individual samples and assess the likelihood of invader engraftment based on network structure. To do so, we use a generalized Lotka-Volterra model, which we show has strong ability to predict if a particular invader or probiotic will successfully engraft into an individual’s microbiome. Furthermore, we show that the mechanistic nature of the model is useful for revealing which microbe-microbe interactions potentially drive engraftment.

A nutrient digestibility trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding encapsulated probiotics on the nutrient digestibility of pig finisher ration. A total of eighteen Large White Yorkshire pigs were randomly assigned into three treatment groups having three replicates with two piglets per replicate. Encapsulation of probiotics (1x1011CFU/ml) was done by extrusion process using sodium alginate and calcium chloride. The encapsulated probiotics Pediococcus acidilactici (NCIM 5721) and Lactobacillus plantarum (NCIM 2374) were given separately mixed with fermented maize for T2 and T3 group pigs, respectively, and supplemented from 42nd day of its age and pigs in the control group (T1) received only fermented maize. The pigs in all groups were fed with pig grower and finisher ration as per ICAR (2013) recommendations. One pig from each group was selected randomly for a nutrient digestibility trial at the 213th day of its age using Titanium dioxide (TiO2) as an external marker mixed at 5 g/kg of feed and fed for six days. On day six, faecal content was collected and Titanium dioxide was estimated. The results revealed supplementation of encapsulated probiotics showed a significant (P

Abstract Background Lactobacillus species in gut microbiota shows great promise in alleviation of metabolic diseases. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of how Lactobacillus interacts with metabolites in circulation. Here, using high nucleoside intake to induce hyperuricemia in mice, we investigated the improvement in systemic urate metabolism by oral administration of L. plantarum via different host pathways. Results Gene expression analysis demonstrated that L. plantarum inhibited the activity of xanthine oxidase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase in liver to suppress urate synthesis. The gut microbiota composition did not dramatically change by oral administration of L. plantarum over 14 days, indicated by no significant difference in α and β diversities. However, multi-omic network analysis revealed that increase of L. plantarum and decrease of L. johnsonii contributed to a decrease in serum urate levels. Besides, genomic analysis and recombinant protein expression showed that three ribonucleoside hydrolases, RihA–C, in L. plantarum rapidly and cooperatively catalyzed the hydrolysis of nucleosides into nucleobases. Furthermore, the absorption of nucleobase by intestinal epithelial cells was less than that of nucleoside, which resulted in a reduction of urate generation, evidenced by the phenomenon that mice fed with nucleobase diet generated less serum urate than those fed with nucleoside diet over a period of 9-day gavage. Conclusion Collectively, our work provides substantial evidence identifying the specific role of L. plantarum in improvement of urate circulation. We highlight the importance of the enzymes RihA–C existing in L. plantarum for the urate metabolism in hyperuricemia mice induced by a high-nucleoside diet. Although the direct connection between nucleobase transport and host urate levels has not been identified, the lack of nucleobase transporter in intestinal epithelial cells might be important to decrease its absorption and metabolization for urate production, leading to the decrease of serum urate in host. These findings provide important insights into urate metabolism regulation. Video Abstract

Breast cancer is associated with high mortality and morbidity rates. As about 20–30% of patients exhibiting ER-positive phenotype are resistant to hormonal treatment with the standard drug tamoxifen, finding new therapies is a necessity. Postbiotics, metabolites, and macromolecules isolated from probiotic bacteria cultures have been proven to have sufficient bioactivity to exert prohealth and anticancer effects, making them viable adjunctive agents for the treatment of various neoplasms, including breast cancer. In the current study, postbiotics derived from L. plantarum and L. rhamnosus cultures were assessed on an in vitro breast cancer model as potential adjunctive agents to therapy utilizing tamoxifen and a candidate aziridine–hydrazide hydrazone derivative drug. Cell viability and cell death processes, including apoptosis, were analyzed for neoplastic MCF-7 cells treated with postbiotics and synthetic compounds. Cell cycle progression and proliferation were analyzed by PI-based flow cytometry and Ki-67 immunostaining. Postbiotics decreased viability and triggered apoptosis in MCF-7, modestly affecting the cell cycle and showing a lack of negative impact on normal cell viability. Moreover, they enhanced the cytotoxic effect of tamoxifen and the new candidate drug toward MCF-7, accelerating apoptosis and the inhibition of proliferation. This illustrates postbiotics’ potential as natural adjunctive agents supporting anticancer therapy based on synthetic drugs.

Background: Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 12-3 holds great promise as a probiotic bacterial strain, yet its full potential remains untapped. This study aimed to better understand this potential therapeutic strain by exploring its genomic landscape, genetic diversity, CRISPR-Cas mechanism, genotype, and mechanistic perspectives for probiotic functionality and safety applications. Methods: L. plantarum 12-3 was isolated from Tibetan kefir grains and, subsequently, Illumina and Single Molecule Real-Time (SMRT) technologies were used to extract and sequence genomic DNA from this organism. After performing pan-genomic and phylogenetic analysis, Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) was used to confirm the taxonomic identity of the strain. Antibiotic resistance gene analysis was conducted using the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and virulence gene identification were also included in our genomic analysis to evaluate food safety. Prophage, genomic islands, insertion sequences, and CRISPR-Cas sequence analyses were also carried out to gain insight into genetic components and defensive mechanisms within the bacterial genome. Results: The 3.4 Mb genome of L. plantarum 12-3, was assembled with 99.1% completeness and low contamination. A total of 3234 genes with normal length and intergenic spacing were found using gene prediction tools. Pan-genomic studies demonstrated gene diversity and provided functional annotation, whereas phylogenetic analysis verified taxonomic identity. Our food safety study revealed a profile of antibiotic resistance that is favorable for use as a probiotic. Analysis of insertional sequences, genomic islands, and prophage within the genome provided information regarding genetic components and their possible effects on evolution. Conclusions: Pivotal genetic elements uncovered in this study play a crucial role in bacterial defense mechanisms and offer intriguing prospects for future genome engineering efforts. Moreover, our findings suggest further in vitro and in vivo studies are warranted to validate the functional attributes and probiotic potential of L. plantarum 12-3. Expanding the scope of the research to encompass a broader range of L. plantarum 12-3 strains and comparative analyses with other probiotic species would enhance our understanding of this organism’s genetic diversity and functional properties.

A new Rosa roxburghii Tratt (RRT) and coix seed (CS) beverage rich in multi-active ingredients was developed. Edible mushrooms and L. plantarum were selected for fermentation in stages. Some physicochemical properties, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), polysaccharides and sensory were studied during the T. versicolor and L. plantarum fermentation. T. versicolor increased the free amino acid through enzymatic protein digestion in the early growth stage and used these amino acids to synthesize its bacteriophage protein. T. versicolor and L. plantarum increased the polysaccharide and GABA of the fermentation broth. Vitamin C was retained as much as possible, with a slight loss occurring mainly in the aerobic fermentation stage of T. versicolor. Its less loss in exchange was for a higher value of T. versicolor polysaccharide, protein enhancement, and bitterness reduction. This study provides a reference for the deep processing of Guizhou's unique agricultural products and edible mushroom fermented beverage.

Protein rich culture media are employed in the production of lactic acid bacteria (LAB); however, production costs are high. In this work media formulation and evaluation for LAB production were conducted considering physiological properties of lactic acid bacteria. Consumption efficiency (E), yield production (Y) and specific substrate consumption rate (qS) values as response variables were used. Four culture media were used: (1) Man Rogosa Sharp (MRS); (2) cabbage liquor (MC); (3) a new balanced culture medium (MX); and (4) MX supplemented with cabbage liquor (MXC). The culture media were evaluated using two strains: Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ATCC 10241. The EGLU for L. plantarum was 100 % in the three media and YX/S value was 0.02 ± 0.003 in MRS and MX, while YLAC/S was 0.57 ± 0.03 in MRS and 0.51 ± 0.02 in MX. In MXC, the value obtained for YX/S was 0.07 ± 0.002 while YLAC/S was 0.47 ± 0.04. Specific glucose consumption and lactate formation rates for L. plantarum in MRS and MX media did not show significant differences. These results suggest that MX and MXC can be used for efficient production of the LAB at low cost.

Copyright of Indonesian Fisheries Processing Journal / Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia is the property of IPB University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The usage of probiotics has expanded beyond the areas of gut and immune health improvement. Several studies have shown the positive impact associated between probiotics and stress, cognition, and mood; a relationship referred to as the gut–brain axis. Method: The aim of this exploratory study was to evaluate the effect of the probiotic strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HEAL9 (LPHEAL9) on the gut–brain axis in subjects with moderate stress. One hundred and twenty-nine subjects aged 21–52 years completed the study, randomized to consume either LPHEAL9 (n = 65) or placebo (n = 64) for 12 weeks. Results: Perceived stress and awakening cortisol were significantly reduced over time in both groups. A significant improvement in four cognition tests after consumption of LPHEAL9 compared to placebo was observed (rapid information processing test, numeric working memory test, paired associated learning, and word recall, p < 0.05). There was a tendency for a significantly better improvement in the LPHEAL9 group for three mood subscales (Confusion–Bewilderment, Anger–Hostility, and Depression–Dejection) and for fewer subjects with poor sleep in the LPHEAL9 group compared to placebo (p < 0.10). Conclusions: Intake of LPHEAL9 significantly improved cognitive functions compared to the placebo, potentially by ameliorating aspects of mood and sleep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lactobacillus species in gut microbiota shows great promise in alleviation of metabolic diseases. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of how Lactobacillus interacts with metabolites in circulation. Here, using high nucleoside intake to induce hyperuricemia in mice, we investigated the improvement in systemic urate metabolism by oral administration of L. plantarum via different host pathways. Results: Gene expression analysis demonstrated that L. plantarum inhibited the activity of xanthine oxidase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase in liver to suppress urate synthesis. The gut microbiota composition did not dramatically change by oral administration of L. plantarum over 14 days, indicated by no significant difference in α and β diversities. However, multi-omic network analysis revealed that increase of L. plantarum and decrease of L. johnsonii contributed to a decrease in serum urate levels. Besides, genomic analysis and recombinant protein expression showed that three ribonucleoside hydrolases, RihA–C, in L. plantarum rapidly and cooperatively catalyzed the hydrolysis of nucleosides into nucleobases. Furthermore, the absorption of nucleobase by intestinal epithelial cells was less than that of nucleoside, which resulted in a reduction of urate generation, evidenced by the phenomenon that mice fed with nucleobase diet generated less serum urate than those fed with nucleoside diet over a period of 9-day gavage. Conclusion: Collectively, our work provides substantial evidence identifying the specific role of L. plantarum in improvement of urate circulation. We highlight the importance of the enzymes RihA–C existing in L. plantarum for the urate metabolism in hyperuricemia mice induced by a high-nucleoside diet. Although the direct connection between nucleobase transport and host urate levels has not been identified, the lack of nucleobase transporter in intestinal epithelial cells might be important to decrease its absorption and metabolization for urate production, leading to the decrease of serum urate in host. These findings provide important insights into urate metabolism regulation. BbgstkDZoHsJm_QsUh-oZN Video Abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]