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The current study involves the synthesis of Lantana camara (LC)–incorporated mesostructured iron nanoparticles for the removal of nickel ions from aqueous solution. By systematically varying the operational parameters such as metal ion concentration, pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and temperature, the desirable conditions of adsorption were determined. The favorable adsorption at higher temperatures implies that the system is exhibiting endothermic reactions and the Van't Hoff plot suggested the spontaneous and feasible nature of the adsorption process. Another key point is the fast kinetics of the sorption process that occurred in the first 10 min of sorption processes. Among the kinetic models investigated, the sorption is better explained by pseudo-second-order model favoring chemical adsorption. Furthermore, the complexation of nickel ions with –COOH groups of the LC nanoparticles are confirmed in the FTIR studies and the mesoporous (162.1 A°) nature of nanoparticles are confirmed in the BET analysis. From the VSM analysis, the superparamagnetic nature of the mesoporous nanoparticles were revealed. Another important finding from the VSM results is the high saturation magnetization (66.9 emu/g) of the nanoparticles. Equally important is desorption studies where a maximum efficiency of 81% is obtained using 05 N HCl. With the help of the Langmuir modeling studies, the possible mechanism of sorption are explained and more importantly the monolayer adsorption capacity from the model was found to be 133 mg/g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We mapped and modelled the potential areas vulnerable to Lantana camara (L. camara) invasion in semi‐arid savannah ecosystems in the communal lands of Bushbuckridge and Kruger National Park, South Africa. Specifically, we modelled potentially vulnerable areas based on remotely sensed data and environmental variables. The Maximal Entropy (Maxent) algorithm was used to model the vulnerable area. The reliability of the modelled results was assessed using Skills Statistic (TSS), Area Under Curve (AUC) and Kappa statistics. According to the results, Bushbuckridge communal lands are more susceptible to L. camara invasions than Kruger National Park. The risk of L. camara invasion in the study site was modelled with high accuracy (AUC score of 0.95) using the best model (Model 7), which is a composite of all model variables (remote sensing and environmental variables). The spatial distribution maps derived from Maxent showed that L. camara was more likely to invade communal lands than protected areas. Using remotely sensed spectral indices as standalone model variables (Model 4) showed the lowest accuracy, with an AUC score of 0.85. Overall, model input variables such as elevation had a significant influence on the spatial distribution of L. camara in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Imperative need exists to search for new anti-TB drugs that are safer, and more effective against drug-resistant strains. Medicinal plants have been the source of active ingredients for drug development. However, the slow growth and biosafety level requirements of M. tuberculosis culture are considerable challenges. M. smegmatis can be used as a surrogate for M. tuberculosis. In the current study, preliminary phytochemical screening and antimycobacterial activity evaluation of crude methanolic extracts of medicinal plants against M. smegmatis, and two M. tuberculosis strains, were conducted. Materials and Methods: Crude methanolic extracts, obtained from the leaves of L. camara, roots of C. sanguinolenta, and stem barks of Z. leprieurii, were tested for antimycobacterial activity against M. smegmatis (mc2155), pan-sensitive (H37Rv), and rifampicin-resistant (TMC-331) M. tuberculosis, using visual Resazurin Microtiter Assay (REMA) on 96 well plates. Preliminary qualitative phytochemical screening tests were performed using standard chemical methods. Results: The three methanolic extracts inhibited mycobacterial growth in vitro. They were more active against rifampicin-resistant strain with MICs of 176, 97, and 45 µg/mL for L. camara, C. sanguinolenta, and Z. leprieurii extracts, respectively. The lowest activity was observed against M. smegmatis with MICs of 574, 325, and 520 µg/mL, respectively. Against H37Rv, activity was intermediate to those of TMC-331 and mc2155. However, L. camara extract showed the same activity against H37Rv and M. smegmatis. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids. Conclusions: Leaves of L. camara, roots of C. sanguinolenta, and stem barks of Z. leprieurii exhibit antimycobacterial activity against M. smegmatis, pan-sensitive, and rifampicin-resistant M. tuberculosis. This offers the possibilities for novel therapeutic opportunities against TB including multidrug-resistant TB. Further investigations on safety and mechanisms of action are required. These studies could be done using M. smegmatis as a surrogate for the highly pathogenic M. tuberculosis.

In this article, we aimed to investigate the anti-aging activity of Lantana camara ethanolic leaves-extract in Drosophila melanogaster: survival and longevity (life span). L. camara leaves were collected and washed thoroughly of sand particles, air-dried, ground, and extracted by the maceration method using ethanol as a solvent. Phytochemical screening was carried out. 168-hour LC50 was determined by exposing fruit flies to concentrations ranging from 5 to 5000 mg/10 g diet for 7-days. Twenty-eight-day survival and longevity studies were carried out by administering L. camara ethanolic leaves extract at 5, 10, and 20 mg/10 g diet to 1–3 days old fruit flies. Each concentration was replicated four times with 50 fruit flies each. The emergence rate of young fruit flies from eggs laid by fruit flies administered L. camara leaves-extracts were also carried out. The total yield of the extraction was determined to be 18%. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, Flavonoids, Phenol, steroids, cardiac glycosides, and carbohydrates. 168-hour LC50 of L. camara was also determined to be 1135 mg/10 g diet. L. camara significantly prolonged (P < 0.05) survival rate and extended (P < 0.05) D. melanogaster life span compared with control. L. camara significantly increased (P < 0.05) emergence rate of young fruit flies from eggs laid by fruit flies administered L. camara ethanolic leaves extracts. From the experimental results, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of L. camara leaves extended the life span of D. melanogaster at these concentrations. Due to similarities of conserved genes between humans and fruit flies, the use of L. camara ethanolic leaves extract at these concentrations is safe and may be recommended as herbal medicine in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The indiscriminate use of synthetic pesticides in the control of pests and diseases affects crops, human health, and the environment, and lead to insect resistance and the presence of toxic residues in food. Previous generated the need to develop alternative approaches to pest species control. In the present study the insecticidal activity of the essential oil of leaves of Lantana camara on the insect model Drosophila melanogaster has been investigated. Essential oil was isolated from L. camara leaves using the hydro-distillation method. The Bioassay test was performed by the WHO method for the determination of adulticidal activity against mosquitoes and arthropods. Different compounds were identified by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry analysis. The LC50 value of the oil was 0.56 mg cm-2 whereas the value of the LC95 was 0.96 mg cm-2 on Drosophila melanogaster. The yield of leaf essential oil obtained by hydro-distillation was 0.022% w/w. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the essential oil showed 66 peaks, where Germacren D (19.29%), B-Caryophyllene (14.55%), α-Humulene (9.51%), Biciclogermacren (8.94%), Germacren B (7.26%) and γ-Terpinene (5.62%) were present in greater amounts and contributed 56.21% of the total constituents. The essential oil of L. camara leaves has adulticidal activity on the fly species Drosophila melanogaster and could be used for the development of oil-based insecticides as a complement to synthetic insecticides for the control of flies causing important economic losses.

Abstract Background Diarrheal disease remains a public health problem in developing countries, including Ethiopia. In order to alleviate this disease, Ethiopian traditional healers use a wide range of medicinal plants from which Lantana camara is one of them. The stem of this plant is traditionally used for the treatment of diarrhoea. In addition, this plant is scientifically evaluated to have an antispasmodic effect on in vitro study. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antidiarrheal activity of the aqueous stem extract of L. camara Linn in mice. Methods The antidiarrheal activity of the extract was investigated using castor oil induced diarrhoea, enteropooling and small intestine transit models. The test groups received various doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) of the extract, whereas positive controls received Loperamide (3 mg/kg) and negative controls received distilled water (10 ml/kg). Results In castor oil induced diarrhoea model, the extract, at all test doses, significantly (p

Background: Diarrheal disease remains a public health problem in developing countries, including Ethiopia. In order to alleviate this disease, Ethiopian traditional healers use a wide range of medicinal plants from which Lantana camara is one of them. The stem of this plant is traditionally used for the treatment of diarrhoea. In addition, this plant is scientifically evaluated to have an antispasmodic effect on in vitro study. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antidiarrheal activity of the aqueous stem extract of L. camara Linn in mice. Methods: The antidiarrheal activity of the extract was investigated using castor oil induced diarrhoea, enteropooling and small intestine transit models. The test groups received various doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) of the extract, whereas positive controls received Loperamide (3 mg/kg) and negative controls received distilled water (10 ml/kg). Results: In castor oil induced diarrhoea model, the extract, at all test doses, significantly (p < 0.001) prolonged diarrhoea onset, decreased the frequency of defecation, and weight of faeces. Similarly, the extract produced a significant (p < 0.001) decline in the weight and volume of intestinal contents at all tested doses. In addition, a significant (P < 0.001) reduction in the gastrointestinal motility in charcoal meal test was also observed in all doses of the extract. Phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and phytosterols that may play a key role in its antidiarrheal activity. Conclusion: The obtained results of the present study confirm antidiarrheal activity of the stem of L. camara, thus provide the scientific basis for the traditional uses of this plant as a treatment for diarrhoea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The species Lantana camara, commonly used as ornamental, has spread worldwide becoming one of the world's most important weeds. To develop new methods of control of this plant, it is essential to distinguish it from other species of the same genus, and this is usually accomplished through taxonomic studies of fertile samples. Considering the similarity between L. camara and L. radula, and the consequent difficulty in distinguishing one from the other when only sterile samples are available, this work aimed to investigate the use of the anatomical characteristics of the leaves of both species as tools for supporting correct classification. The leaves of L. camara and L. radula were anatomically examined by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The major differences were observed in the petiole, which presented secretory idioblasts in L. camara. Secretory idioblasts were observed in the leaf blades of L. camara and Crystalliferou idioblasts were found in L. radula. Glandular and nonglandular trichomes as well as the abaxial surface are different in each species. Such results can support the strategies aiming at the control of L. camara without interfering with L. radula.A espécie L. camara tem sido usada há séculos como ornamental e, consequentemente, espalhou-se pelo mundo, tornando-se uma das mais importantes plantas daninhas. Na busca de novos métodos de controle para essa planta, é essencial distinguir espécies do mesmo gênero, o que usualmente é feito com estudos taxonômicos de amostras férteis. Considerando a similaridade entre L. camara e L. radula, e a consequente dificuldade em distingui-las quando somente amostras estéreis estão disponíveis, entendeu-se como necessário investigar o uso de características anatômicas das folhas como fonte de informação adicional para a distinção dessas duas espécies. As folhas de L. camara e L. radula foram examinadas sob microscopia de luz e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. A diferença mais marcante observada foi a presença de idioblastos nos pecíolos de L. camara e L. radula. Na lâmina foliar de L. camara foram observados idioblastos secretores e em L. radula foram encontrados idioblastos cristalíferos. Os tricomas glandulares e não glandulares, bem como a superfície abaxial, apresentam diferenças morfológicas evidentes em cada espécie.

Lantana camara and Chromolaena odorata are categorized as the most obnoxious invasive flora globally. Their ability to combat the regeneration and proliferation of neighbouring flora, expansive nature, and robust adaptability to diverse habitats, drew global attention. Investigating the potential mutual dispersion phenomenon of these two invasive species under the climate change scenario was the primary objective of this study. The present and future (2050) prospective distribution scenarios for these two species were determined using MaxEnt in the eastern and central Indian regions encompassing the states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, and West Bengal. Future projections for 2050 were derived using IPSL-CM5A-LR & MIROC5 and IPSL-CM6A-LR & MIROC6 models for different representative concentration pathways (RCPs 2.6, 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5), and Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs 126, 245, 370 and 585), respectively. The investigation revealed that currently ∼31% and ∼ 24% of the study area are susceptible to infestation of L. camara and C. odorata , respectively. Compared to the current scenario, the results showed a probable future increase of ∼1.53% in C. odorata infestation and a decrease of ∼4.95% for L. camara. The True Skill Statistics (TSS) and Kappa coefficient (in %) values of 0.71 & 76.50 for L. camara and 0.52 & 63.38 for C. odorata indicated a good model fit. Collectively, both the species exhibited robust resilience to climate change, with C. odorata outcompeting L. camara. Using both RCP and SSP pathways under the multiple climate scenarios offered a comprehensive and novel approach to acquiring greater insights into likely interactions, dominance, and distribution scenarios of these species. The results provide prior information on sensitive sites prone to future invasion, allowing management to formulate preventative measures to control infestation. [Display omitted] • L. Camara and C. odorata demonstrated robust resilience to climate change. • L. camara and C. odorata are abundant in the central part of the study area, with L. camara currently predominating. • C. odorata coverage may outcompete L. Camara by 2050. • C. odorata ' distribution was primarily influenced by precipitation, whereas L. camara was temperature sensitive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, three plants Populus alba, Hibiscus arboreus and Lantana camara were explored for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (SNPs). The effect of reaction temperature and leaf extract (LE) concentration of P. alba, H. arboreus and L. camara was evaluated on the synthesis and size of SNPs. The SNPs were characterised by ultra‐violet–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The synthesis rate of SNPs was highest with LE of L. camara followed by H. arboreus and P. alba under similar conditions. L. camara LE showed maximum potential of smaller size SNPs synthesis, whereas bigger particles were formed by H. arboreous LE. The size and shape of L. camara LE synthesised SNPs were analysed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX). TEM analysis revealed the formation of SNPs of average size 17 ± 9.5 nm with 5% LE of L. camara. The SNPs synthesised by LE of L. camara showed strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. The results document that desired size SNPs can be synthesised using these plant LEs at a particular temperature for applications in the biomedical field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As with many invasive plant species, little is known of the population spatial patterns and stand dynamics of Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae)-a thicket-forming weed of worldwide significance in managed and conservation lands, including coastal and inland habitats of Eastern Australia. Consequently, we mapped and followed annually for 3 years the demographic fate of more than 2000 Lantana individuals at sites with four land-uses (hoop pine plantation, cattle farm, and two eucalyptus forests with occasional grazing and periodic burning regime, respectively) in Queensland, SE Australia. Populations exhibited plant size distributions that were continuous (i.e., of L or symmetric type) and unimodal, except the farm population where bimodality was observed. Newly established plants could be reproductive within one growing season at ~50 cm in height, especially where environmental resources were not limiting. Density had an appreciable effect on the weed's reproductive capacity and growth, but not on survival. Established and newly recruited individuals were aggregated but the degree of aggregation decreased with plant size. However, in the sites that had experienced burning or mechanical clearing, Lantana seedling/juvenile recruitment assumed negative association (spatial displacement) in relation to established individuals. The findings of this study agree with the notion that ecological processes often leave characteristic spatial signatures, which if interpreted using appropriate hypotheses can help to ascertain factors responsible for the observed spatial patterns and stand dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Imperative need exists to search for new anti-TB drugs that are safer, and more effective against drug-resistant strains. Medicinal plants have been the source of active ingredients for drug development. However, the slow growth and biosafety level requirements of M. tuberculosis culture are considerable challenges. M. smegmatis can be used as a surrogate for M. tuberculosis. In the current study, preliminary phytochemical screening and antimycobacterial activity evaluation of crude methanolic extracts of medicinal plants against M . smegmatis , and two M. tuberculosis strains, were conducted., Materials and Methods: Crude methanolic extracts, obtained from the leaves of L. camara , roots of C. sanguinolenta, and stem barks of Z. leprieurii , were tested for antimycobacterial activity against M. smegmatis (mc 2 155), pan-sensitive (H37Rv), and rifampicin-resistant (TMC-331) M. tuberculosis , using visual Resazurin Microtiter Assay (REMA) on 96 well plates. Preliminary qualitative phytochemical screening tests were performed using standard chemical methods., Results: The three methanolic extracts inhibited mycobacterial growth in vitro. They were more active against rifampicin-resistant strain with MICs of 176, 97, and 45 µg/mL for L. camara , C. sanguinolenta , and Z. leprieurii extracts, respectively. The lowest activity was observed against M. smegmatis with MICs of 574, 325, and 520 µg/mL, respectively. Against H37Rv, activity was intermediate to those of TMC-331 and mc 2 155. However, L. camara extract showed the same activity against H37Rv and M. smegmatis . Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids., Conclusions: Leaves of L. camara , roots of C. sanguinolenta , and stem barks of Z. leprieurii exhibit antimycobacterial activity against M. smegmatis , pan-sensitive, and rifampicin-resistant M. tuberculosis . This offers the possibilities for novel therapeutic opportunities against TB including multidrug-resistant TB. Further investigations on safety and mechanisms of action are required. These studies could be done using M. smegmatis as a surrogate for the highly pathogenic M. tuberculosis ., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2022 The Author(s).)

In this article, we aimed to investigate the anti-aging activity of Lantana camara ethanolic leaves-extract in Drosophila melanogaster : survival and longevity (life span). L. camara leaves were collected and washed thoroughly of sand particles, air-dried, ground, and extracted by the maceration method using ethanol as a solvent. Phytochemical screening was carried out. 168-hour LC 50 was determined by exposing fruit flies to concentrations ranging from 5 to 5000 mg/10 g diet for 7-days. Twenty-eight-day survival and longevity studies were carried out by administering L. camara ethanolic leaves extract at 5, 10, and 20 mg/10 g diet to 1-3 days old fruit flies. Each concentration was replicated four times with 50 fruit flies each. The emergence rate of young fruit flies from eggs laid by fruit flies administered L. camara leaves-extracts were also carried out. The total yield of the extraction was determined to be 18%. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, Flavonoids, Phenol, steroids, cardiac glycosides, and carbohydrates. 168-hour LC 50 of L. camara was also determined to be 1135 mg/10 g diet. L. camara significantly prolonged ( P  < 0.05) survival rate and extended ( P  < 0.05) D. melanogaster life span compared with control. L. camara significantly increased ( P  < 0.05) emergence rate of young fruit flies from eggs laid by fruit flies administered L. camara ethanolic leaves extracts. From the experimental results, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of L. camara leaves extended the life span of D. melanogaster at these concentrations. Due to similarities of conserved genes between humans and fruit flies, the use of L. camara ethanolic leaves extract at these concentrations is safe and may be recommended as herbal medicine in humans., (© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)