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子宫腺肉瘤是女性生殖道罕见的恶性肿瘤，约占子宫肉瘤的5%，腺肉瘤通常具有较低的恶性潜能，约25%的病例表现为局部复发，不到5%的病例发生远处转移。伴性索样分化的子宫腺肉瘤更为罕见，本文报道1例低级别伴性索分化的子宫腺肉瘤肺转移病例，结合国内外文献，就子宫腺肉瘤伴性索样分化的临床病理学特征、免疫表型、诊断及鉴别诊断进行探讨。.

Although CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing is widely applied to mimic human disorders, whether acute manipulation of disease-causing genes in the brain leads to behavioral abnormalities in non-human primates remains to be determined. Here we induced genetic mutations in MECP2, a critical gene linked to Rett syndrome (RTT) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD), in the hippocampus (DG and CA1–4) of adolescent rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) in vivo via adeno-associated virus (AAV)-delivered Staphylococcus aureus Cas9 with small guide RNAs (sgRNAs) targeting MECP2. In comparison to monkeys injected with AAV-SaCas9 alone (n = 4), numerous autistic-like behavioral abnormalities were identified in the AAV-SaCas9-sgMECP2-injected monkeys (n = 7), including social interaction deficits, abnormal sleep patterns, insensitivity to aversive stimuli, abnormal hand motions, and defective social reward behaviors. Furthermore, some aspects of ASD and RTT, such as stereotypic behaviors, did not appear in the MECP2 gene-edited monkeys, suggesting that different brain areas likely contribute to distinct ASD symptoms. This study showed that acute manipulation of disease-causing genes via in vivo gene editing directly led to behavioral changes in adolescent primates, paving the way for the rapid generation of genetically engineered non-human primate models for neurobiological studies and therapeutic development.

Immune checkpoint molecule PD-1, expressed on the cell surface, impairs antigen-driven activation of T cells and thus plays a critical role in tumorigenesis, progression, and the poor prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In addition, increasing evidence indicates that PD-1 carried on small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) also mediates tumor immunity, although their contributions to OSCC are yet unclear. Here, we investigated the biological functions of sEV PD-1 in patients with OSCC. The cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of CAL27 cell lines treated with or without sEV PD-1 were examined in vitro. We performed mass spectrometry to investigate the underlying biological process, combined with an immunohistochemical study of SCC7-bearing mice models and OSCC patient samples. In vitro data demonstrated that sEV PD-1 induced senescence and subsequent epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in CAL27 cells by ligating with tumor cell surface PD-L1 and activating the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Comprehensive immunohistochemical analysis of the xenograft mice models and OSCC patient samples revealed a very close correlation between the level of circulating sEV PD-1 and lymph node metastasis. These results demonstrate that circulating sEV PD-1 triggers senescence-initiated EMT in a PD-L1-p38 MAPK-dependent manner, contributing to tumor metastasis. It also suggests that the inhibition of sEV PD-1 may be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of OSCC.

肝脏胆管腺纤维瘤是一种非常罕见的肝内胆管肿瘤，在2020年版WHO分类中被归类为良性肿瘤。迄今为止，检索国内外文献报道23例，其中8例发生恶变。当细胞表现为细胞核拉长拥挤，呈假复层，排列呈复杂的乳头状、背靠背或筛状结构时提示肿瘤进展或恶性转化。我们报道1例胆管腺纤维瘤癌变-高中分化胆管细胞癌，并复习文献，探讨其病理形态特征、诊断及鉴别诊断要点。.

The mechanism of osteoarthritis is still not completely clear,the current treatment can not effectively prevent the disease from progressing.In order to study osteoarthritis,researchers have developed various models,including骨关节炎的发病机制尚不明确，目前的治疗方法仍不能有效阻止疾病进展。生物模型是研究疾病的重要工具，二维、三维细胞培养模型及生物反应器培养模型等体外模型，以及自发性、遗传修饰性、侵入性及非侵入性模型等动物体内模型，可模拟疾病的阶段性变化或发展全过程。对以上模型的研究是探索骨关节炎发生、发展过程的重要手段，亦是开发和评价治疗方法的重要依据。本文对骨关节炎模型及其特点进行综述，以期为骨关节炎的研究提供参考。.

Coffee bioactive components include caffeine, chlorogenic acids (CGAs), trigonelline, tryptophan alkaloids, diterpenes and other secondary metabolites. During roasting, coffee metabolites undergo complex Maillard reactions, producing melanoidins and other degradation products, the most controversial among which is acrylamide, an ingredient widely found in baked food and listed as a second class carcinogen. Green and roasted coffee ingredients have good biological activities for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, and antibacterial, anti-diabetic, neuroprotection, and anti-cancer activities. To better understand the relationship between coffee ingredients and human health, and to effectively use the active ingredients, it is essential to understand the sources of coffee active ingredients and their mechanisms of action in the organism. This paper systematizes the available information and provides a critical overview of the sources of coffee active ingredients and the mechanisms of action in vivo or in vitro, and their combined effects on common human diseases.

Flowering transition is pivotal and tightly regulated by complex gene-regulatory-networks, in which AGL16 plays important roles. But the molecular function and binding property of AGL16 is not fully explored in vivo. With ChIP-seq and comparative transcriptomics approaches, we characterized the AGL16 targets spectrum and tested its close molecular and genetic interactions with SOC1, the key flowering integrator. AGL16 bound to promoters of more than 2000 genes via CArG-box motifs that were highly similar to that of SOC1. Being consistent with this, AGL16 formed protein complex and shared a common set of targets with SOC1. However, only very few genes showed differential expression in the agl16-1 loss-of-function mutant, whereas in the soc1-2 knockout background, AGL16 repressed and activated the expression of 375 and 182 genes, respectively, with more than a quarter of the DEGs were also bound by AGL16. AGL16 targeted potentially to about seventy flowering time genes involved in multiple pathways. Corroborating with these, AGL16 repressed the flowering time stronger in soc1-2 than in Col-0 background. These data reveals that AGL16 regulates gene expression and flowering time with a partial dependency on SOC1 activity. Moreover, AGL16 participated in the regulation of water loss and seed dormancy. Our study thus defines the AGL16 molecular spectrum and provides insights underlining the molecular coordination of flowering and environmental adaptation.

Vessels pervade almost all body tissues, and significantly influence the pathophysiology of human body. Previous attempts to establish multi-scale vascular connection and function in 3D model tissues using bioprinting have had limited success due to the incoordination between cell-laden materials and stability of the perfusion channel. Here, we report a methodology to fabricate centimetre-scale vascularized soft tissue with high viability and accuracy using multi-materials bioprinting involving inks with low viscosity and a customized multistage-temperature-control printer. The tissue formed was perfused with branched vasculature with well-formed 3D capillary network and lumen, which would potentially supply the cellular components with sufficient nutrients in the matrix. Furthermore, the same methodology was applied for generating liver-like tissue with the objective to fabricate and mimic a mature and functional liver tissue, with increased functionality in terms of synthesis of liver specific proteins after in vitro perfusion and in vivo subperitoneal transplantation in mice. Moreover, to establish immediate blood perfusion, an elastic layer was printed wrapping sacrificial ink to support the direct surgical anastomosis of the carotid artery to the jugular vein. Our findings highlight the support extended by vasculature network in soft hydrogels which helps to sustain the thick and dense cellularization in engineered tissues.

Exposure to chronic stress induces anxiety-like behavior and metabolic changes in animals, resulting in adaptive or maladaptive responses to the stressful environment. Recent studies have indicated the dorsomedial ventromedial hypothalamus (dmVMH) as an important hub that regulates both anxiety and energy homeostasis. However, up to now, how dmVMH neurons exert dual control of chronic stress-induced anxiety and energy expenditure remains poorly understood. Here, we established a chronic-stress mouse model that induced anxiety-like behavior, reduced food consumption, and decreased energy expenditure. We found that c-fos expression increased and theta band power is higher in the dmVMH after chronic stress, and the proportion of burst firing neurons significantly increased, which was mediated by elevated expression of T-type calcium channel Cav 3.1. Optogenetically evoked burst firing of dmVMH neurons induced anxiety-like behavior, shifted the respiratory exchange ratio toward fat oxidation, and decreased food intake, while knockdown of Cav3.1 in the dmVMH had the opposite effects. Collectively, our study first revealed an important role of dmVMH burst firing in the dual regulation of anxiety-like behavior and energy expenditure, and identified Cav 3.1 as a crucial regulator of the activity of the burst firing neurons in dmVMH. These molecular and cellular level findings will advance our understanding of the chronic stress-induced emotional malfunction and energy expenditure disorders.

Although CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing is widely applied to mimic human disorders, whether acute manipulation of disease-causing genes in the brain leads to behavioral abnormalities in non-human primates remains to be determined. Here we induced genetic mutations in MECP2, a critical gene linked to Rett syndrome (RTT) and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), in the hippocampus (DG and CA1–4) of adolescent rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) in vivo via adeno-associated virus (AAV)-delivered Staphylococcus aureus Cas9 with sgRNAs targeting MECP2. In comparison to monkeys injected with AAV-SaCas9 alone (n = 4), numerous autistic-like behavioral abnormalities were identified in the AAV-SaCas9-sgMECP2-injected monkeys (n = 7), including social interaction deficits, abnormal sleep patterns, insensitivity to aversive stimuli, abnormal hand motions and defective social reward behaviors. Furthermore, some aspects of ASDs and RTT, such as stereotypic behaviors, did not appear in the MECP2 gene-edited monkeys, suggesting that different brain areas likely contribute to distinct ASD symptoms. This study showed that acute manipulation of disease-causing genes via in vivo gene editing directly led to behavioral changes in adolescent primates, paving the way for the rapid generation of genetically engineered non-human primate models for neurobiological studies and therapeutic development.

This study aims to explore the expression pattern and clinical significance of circ_001680 in gastric carcinoma (GC) process.Circ_001680 levels in 40 pairs of GC and paracancerous ones were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The relationship between circ_001680 and GC clinicopathological parameters was analyzed. AGS and SGC-7901 cells were used for constructing circ_001680 knockdown models by shRNA transfection. Proliferative and metastatic abilities in GC cells with circ_001680 knockdown were examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and transwell assay, respectively. Dual-Luciferase reporter assay was conducted to clarify the interaction between circ_001680 and MAP2. Their co-regulation on GC process was detected through rescue experiments.Circ_001680 was highly expressed in GC tissues and cell lines. High level of circ_001680 predicted high incidences of lymphatic and distant metastasis, and poor prognosis in GC patients. Knockdown of circ_001680 suppressed proliferative and metastatic abilities in AGS and SGC-7901 cells. MAP2 was the target gene binding circ_001680, which was lowly expressed in GC. In addition, MAP2 was negatively correlated to circ_001680. Knockdown of MAP2 could abolish the suppressed proliferative and metastatic abilities in GC cells with circ_001680 knockdown.Circ_001680 is highly expressed in GC tissues and closely related to metastasis and prognosis in GC patients, which promotes the proliferative and metastatic abilities in GC cells by negatively interacting with MAP2.

In order to solve the problems of comprehensive flexibility of robot arm, and expand the application field of service robot and improve the safety, a one-dimensional two-way flexible bending joint is developed by using the self-developed pneumatic artificial muscle. The relevant theoretical model is established and the relevant experimental analysis is carried out. The experimental results show that the bending joint can realize one-dimensional two-way bending motion and the bending angle of the joint can be controlled by adjusting the gas pressure; when the air pressure difference between the two sides of the leaf spring is 0.22Mpa, the maximum bending angle of the joint reaches 74.12 degrees; the forward and reverse bending of the joint are consistent, and the joint bending curve is similar to the arc.

患者女，58岁。肛周肿胀疼痛10余年，术后1年复发。切除肿物病理示：肿瘤细胞呈不规则索状、带状或片状排列，间隔以纤维组织；肿瘤细胞体积大，细胞边界不清，胞质丰富，嗜伊红细颗粒状，并见嗜伊红小体；散在凋亡小体及凝固性坏死灶；核分裂象2/10 HPF。免疫组织化学染色：CD68、S-100蛋白阳性，Ki-67阳性指数5%。特殊染色：胞质过碘酸-雪夫（PAS）染色及淀粉酶消化-过碘酸雪夫（D-PAS）染色阳性。诊断为（会阴部）恶性颗粒细胞瘤。.

In the world vast of oil is extracted, especially in China. Respectively produce associated petroleum gas is in a large volume. There are geo-ecological problems in the utilization of associated petroleum gas. In connection with the increasing requirements for the preservation of the state of the biosphere in China, the process of modernization was begun. Chinese modernization of associated petroleum gas utilization is presented.

An electrolytic process was utilised to fabricate NiCoCrAlY coatings, involving deposition of a composite coating consisting of the (Ni,Co) matrix and CrAlY particles, followed by a diffusion heat treatment to convert the composite coating to the desired NiCoCrAlY microstructure. This study focused on the effects of the post-deposition heat-treating conditions (temperature and atmosphere) on the final coating microstructure and composition. The (Ni,Co)–CrAlY composite coatings were heat-treated for 2 h at 1000, 1100 and 1200°C in vacuum and Ar, respectively. Phase constituents and concentrations of the major elements in the coating after heat treatment were examined. Vacuum heat treatment at temperatures ≥1100°C resulted in a significant decrease in Cr content at the coating surface due to Cr evaporation. Heat treatment at 1200°C also caused outward diffusion of Ti from the substrate alloy to the coating layer.

We report on the crystal growth, structural and spectroscopic investigation of a novel trigonal calcium vanadate crystal, Tm3+:Ca9La(VO4)7. Polarized absorption, stimulatedemission and gain cross-section spectra are determined for this material. The maximum ¿SE corresponding to the 3F4 ¿ 3H6 transition amounts to 1.28 × 10-20 cm2 at 1854 nm for ¿- polarization. The measured lifetime of the Tm3+ ions in the 3F4 state is 1.19 ms. The Judd- Ofelt analysis performed yielded intensity parameters of ¿2 = 4.682, ¿4 = 0.659 and ¿6 = 0.475 [10-20 cm2]. The polarized Raman spectra indicate a strong and broad band centered at 867 cm-1. Owing to the disordered nature of Ca9La(VO4)7, the Tm3+ ions exhibit a broad and smooth gain profile at ~2 ¿m. The spectroscopic properties of Tm3+:Ca9La(VO4)7 are very promising for broadly tunable and ultrashort pulse lasers near 2 ¿m.

Summary The hypothesis was tested that cryodamage occurs during the storage of semen at −196°C and that cryopreservation has a negative effect on the enzyme activity and motility of semen in the Russian sturgeon, Acipenser gueldenstaedtii. In addition, the aim of the study was to determine the activity of metabolic enzymes, including adenosintriphosphatase (total ATPase), creatine kinase (CK), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), plus antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione reductase (GR). After cryopreservation (storage at −196°C), the motility and duration of semen fell and the total ATPase, SDH, LDH and CK activity in the spermatozoa was reduced. In the seminal plasma, however, total ATPase, SDH, LDH and CK activity increased markedly. Activity also notably increased in the group with no diluents or cryoprotectants. SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activities also increased in the seminal plasma but dropped with regard to the spermatozoa, whereas the GR activity varied. The antioxidant enzyme activity trend between the groups with and without the addition of cryoprotectants was the same as in the metabolic enzyme activity. Cryopreservation had a great effect on the enzyme activity and motility of A. gueldenstaedtii semen; however, the cryoprotectant protected the semen during cryopreservation.

An electrolytic sediment codeposition process was employed to fabricate composite coatings containing CrAlY particles embedded in an Ni matrix. The effects of three main deposition parameters and their interactions on the amount of CrAlY particles incorporated in the composite coating were investigated using a design of experiments (DoEs) method. Current density, agitation rate and concentration of CrAlY particles in the solution were the parameters considered in the 23 full factorial design. With different combinations of the deposition parameters, the amount of CrAlY particles in the composite coatings ranged from 20 to 49 vol.-%. The DoE results show that the agitation rate exhibited the greatest influence on the amount of CrAlY particles incorporated in the composite coating, followed by the interaction between agitation and particle loading and then the particle loading itself. Current density did not appear to affect the particle incorporation for the present set-up.

Summary Male and female Amur sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii) at sexual maturity (age 7 years) were identified under controlled breeding conditions, and the plasma biochemical parameters were determined at different developmental stages of the gonads. The results showed that there was significant difference of the plasma calcium (Ca2+) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) content between the sexually mature males and females. The LDH content in males was highest, while the Ca2+ concentration was lowest. During different gonad developmental stages (II,III,IV-A and IV-B) of the, the content in the ovaries of plasma total protein (TP), globulin (GLB), total bilirubin (TBIL), triglycerides (TRIG), Ca2+ and inorganic phosphorus (P−) initially showed an upward trend, and decreased thereafter. The values of albumin (ALB), albumin/globulin (A/G) and total cholesterol (CHOL) increased gradually from stage of II to IV-B, and showed significantly higher levels at the stage of IV-A to IV-B (P

The fatigue crack growth behaviour of a nickel based superalloy at elevated temperatures 550, 650 and 710°C was studied. The direct current potential drop (DCPD) technique was used to measure the crack length during the test. It was found that the crack growth rates slightly increased with increasing temperatures, but the temperature effect on crack growth rates was less pronounced at higher ΔK ranges. At the same temperature the crack growth rates increased with increasing load ratios. The oxidation induced crack closure is considered to be a reason of the observed crack growth behaviour in this study.

The structure of a new nonlinear optical crystal, Ca9Y0·5La0·5(VO4)7, was solved, for first time to our knowledge. It belongs to trigonal system with space group R3c, its unit-cell parameters are: a = 10·8717(2) A, c = 38·0753(14) A, V = 3897·34(18) A3, Z = 6, dc = 6·3279 g cm−3. The thermal expansion, the special heat capacity and the thermal conductivity of the crystal were investigated in detail. The crystal’s relative intensity for second harmonic generation is about 1·8 times as large as that of KH2PO4. Its transmittance exceeds 70% in the range of 400–2700 nm. From the measured principal refractive indices, the Sellmeier equations were derived. The results show that Ca9Y0·5La0·5(VO4)7 is expected to be a promising new frequency-doubling laser crystal.

Subsolidus phase relations in the ternary system TiO2–BaO–B2O3 were analysed with X-ray diffraction. According to the constructed phase relations, 15 ternary phase regions were identified in the subsolid phase, in which 11 binary compounds and 2 ternary compounds were investigated in detail. Additionally, the crystallisation region of rutile was identified, and it was found that rutile crystal with dimension of 10×4×2 mm was grown through spontaneous nucleation from a new flux BaO–B2O3.

Background and Purpose Evidence indicates nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) may participate in the pathology of cardiac arrhythmias associated with myocardial infarction. But the role of N/OFQ in the arrhythmogenesis in acute myocardial infarction is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of endogenous N/OFQ on infarction-associated arrhythmias. Experimental Approach The expression of N/OFQ, PKC activity and ventricular arrhythmias in presence and absence of UFP-101, a specific antagonist of N/OFQ receptor, were examined following permanent coronary artery occlusion in anaesthetized rats. The effect of N/OFQ on action potential duration was examined in isolated rat cardiomyocytes. Key Results It was observed that N/OFQ was increased by 41% in the myocardium after coronary artery occlusion (P 0.05), 10% (P < 0.05) and 22% (P < 0.01), respectively, via N/OFQ receptor. Conclusions and Implications Antagonism of endogenous N/OFQ produces anti-arrhythmic effects on ventricular arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction, possibly via modulating PKC activity and action potential of myocytes.

This paper proposes an interval stochastic semi-infinite programming (ICCSIP) method for identification of regional renewable and nonrenewable energy policies under multiple uncertainties. Relative to conventional methods (e.g., interval linear programming and chance-constrained programming), it has the advantages of addressing the association of system cost with nonrenewable energy price, generating reliable solutions with a low risk of system failure, and providing flexible capital availability that varies with respect to nonrenewable energy price. A case study is used to illustrate the performance of ICCSIP with respect to two scenarios. Scenario 1 neglects control of air pollutant emissions and scenario 2 attempts to address it. Nonrenewable energy sources would be primarily used under scenario 1; in particular, coal would play the most important role with respect to optimum energy supply schemes. Under scenario 2, hydrological and wind energy would be the first and second choices, respectivel...

To determinate the RPA1 expression in esophageal carcinoma and the paired tumor-adjacent tissue, and to explore the influence of RPA1 on radiosensitivity of esophageal carcinoma TE-1 cells.Firstly, the RPA1 expression of 40 cases esophageal carcinoma and their adjacent tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. Secondly, The esophageal carcinoma cell subline-radiation resistance model (TE-1R) was constructed by radiation-induction, the RPA1 expression and proliferation activity of TE-1 and TE-1R cells were detected by Western blot and MTT assay respectively. After radiation, the expression of RPA1 and cell apoptosis were detected by Western blot and FACS respectively. Cell clone formation and survival rate were detected by clonogenic assay. Thirdly, Inhibiting RPA1 expression by siRNA in TE-1 cells, the expression of RPA1 was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot, Cell proliferation inhibition ratio and cell apoptosis after radiation were detected by MTT assay and FACS respectively.The RPA1 expression in esophageal carcinoma was significantly higher than that in the tumor-adjacent tissues, which was associated with tumor invasion and lymph node metastasis. The RPA1 expression in TE-1R cells was higher than that in TE-1 cells, while the proliferation activity of TE-1R cells was lower than that of TE-1 cells, and the apoptosis rate of TE-1R cells after radiation was less than that of TE-1 cells. In addtion, the clone formation and survival rate of TE-1R cells were higher than that of TE-1 cells. Moreover, inhibiting RPA1 expression by siRNA-RPA1 could promoted proliferation inhibition ratio and apoptosis rate of TE-1 cells after radiation.The over-expression of RPA1 in esophageal carcinoma was related with progression and metastasis. Moreover, radiation induced the excessive expression RPA1 in TE-1 cells, and the radiosensitivity of TE-1R cells was less than that of TE-1 cells. Furthermore, inhibiting RPA1 expression could increase radiosensitivity of TE-1 cells. Overall, RPA1 could influence radiosensitivity and might be one important mechanism of radiation resistance in TE-1 cells.

To study the correlation factors of bone marrow suppression in breast cancer radiotherapy and find out the method to guide the target area, dose limitation for breast cancer to reduce the risk of bone marrow suppression.72 cases of breast cancer patients were collected through retrospective, clinical control study. For patients with Grade 0-3, bone marrow suppression in the course of radiotherapy, the dose-volume parameters (V5, V10, V20, V30, V50, D20, D40, D60, D80, D100, Min, Max, Dmean) of the chest and rib of each patient were collected and analyzed from multiple points including tumor stage, age, lesion location, surgical approach, chemotherapy regimen and the number of cycles, bone dose-volume parameters.The relative parameters of the rib in the middle and severe bone marrow suppression group were significantly higher than those in the mild bone marrow depression group and the p values of V5, V10, V20, V30, Dmean, D40, D60, D80, D100 were less than 0.05. The difference of V50 in the two groups was statistically significant (p0.05). For chemotherapy regimens containing doxorubicin, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide, the differences between bone marrow suppression group and non-bone marrow suppression were statistically significant (p =0.002).The dose-volume parameters of the rib radiation is one of the main factors causing the suppression of bone marrow in radiotherapy, and the volume of the 50Gy irradiation is also a contribution to the bone marrow. For patients accepted chemotherapy with doxorubicin, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide before radiotherapy, bone marrow suppression is more likely to occur during radiotherapy. After radical mastectomy or the volume of thoracic rib is increased because of the small breast, the occurrence of bone marrow suppression is increased. The effects of radiation on the bone marrow suppression were small, while its effect on the ribs was more evident, especially on the ribs V20 and Dmean and the difference was statically significant.

This paper reports on the growth and spectral properties of NaNd(MoO4)2 crystal. NaNd(MoO4)2 crystal with dimensions of 23×15×15 mm was grown from a flux of Na2Mo2O7 by top seed solution growth method. The absorption and emission spectra of NaNd(MoO4)2 crystal were investigated. The results show that NaNd(MoO4)2 crystal has large absorption cross-section of 3·74×10–20 cm2 with broad full width at half maximum of 15 nm at 806 nm for π-polarisation and 2·49×10–20 cm2 with full width at half maximum of 16 nm at 807 nm for σ-polarisation respectively. The emission cross-sections are 6·0×10–19 cm2 at 1058 nm for π-polarisation and 3·93×10–19 cm2 at 1065 nm for σ-polarisation respectively. The above results indicated that NaNd(MoO4)2 crystal may be regarded as potential self-active laser materials.

In this paper, a scanning laser system based on an array couple charged detector (CCD) has been developed to detect and measure quantitatively the morphology and depth of defects on continuously cast billet (CC billet) surface at high temperatures. The technique, based on a linear light scattering method, employs a low power He–Ne laser and a conventional CCD probe and enables a narrow line array laser beam to be projected on the test surface across the width direction on the CC billet surface. In the relative scanning direction between the test surface and the CCD probe, the one-dimensional linear surface image acquired by the CCD sensor at a given shutter time, which exhibits the curvature change of the laser scanning line, can be used to determine the distance morphology according to triangulation principles. Combining with casting speed, a linear laser beam image can be spliced into a two-dimensional surface image that constructs the billet surface profile and detects surface defect shape and ...

The Cr3+/RbAl(MoO4)2 crystal was grown by top seeding solution growth method, and its thermal and spectral properties were investigated. Based on the absorption and photoluminescence spectra, the crystal field strength Dq, the Racah parameters B and C, the effective phonon energy ħω and the Huang–Rhys factor S were calculated. The results of spectroscopic characterisation show that the Cr3+ ions occupy medium crystal field sites in Cr3+/RbAl(MoO4)2 and Cr3+/RbAl(MoO4)2 crystals may be a potential candidate for tunable laser applications.

Summary To determine the teratogenic effects of lead (Pb) on young Chinese sturgeon (A. sinensis), fertilized eggs (96-h) were exposed to Pb2+ until juvenile stages (total exposure 112 days). Three nominal concentrations were employed: 0.2 mg L−1, 0.8 mg L−1 and 1.6 mg L−1. After the exposure period, juveniles were returned to Pb-free water for a subsequent 42 days depuration period. Fish exposed to 0.8 and 1.6 mg L−1 Pb2+ exhibited body deformities during the exposure phase, appearing mainly as curvatures to left or right at OD (Origin of dorsal fin) to OC (Origin of the dorsal caudal fin), and OC to PC (Posterior margin of caudal fin) as well as to the OP (Origin of pectoral fin), associated with ptosis at PC. Moreover, the higher the concentration of water-borne Pb, the sooner body deformations occurred, while also affecting a larger proportion of the test individuals. Free locomotion and effective foraging was greatly reduced with increasing body deformation (lordosis). Pb accumulation in tissues was concentration dependent. Muscles accumulated relatively higher Pb which may have contributed to its effect on the muscle contraction potential and thus may have effected the neuromuscular system (muscle-induced body curvature). Morphological recovery decreased during the depuration period and this was accompanied by declining tissue Pb concentrations, indicating some self-repairing capacity.

Summary To understand salinity tolerance and osmoregulatory status of juvenile Chinese sturgeon, we transferred the hatchery-reared juveniles (mean 189.9 g, 8-months-old) directly from freshwater (0) to salinity 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 for 192 h (8 days exposure), and measured the mortality, serum osmolality and ion concentrations of fish exposed to various salinities. No mortality occurred in sturgeon exposed to salinity between 5 and 20 during the course of the trial. Sturgeons exposed to salinity 25 began to die after 12 h, and did not survive 24 h. However, acute environmental salinities 0.05). Serum osmolality and ion concentrations increased significantly (P

Various methods of detecting surface defects are being used in automated industrial manufacturing environments. This work presents the design and development of a laser charged couple device (CCD) displacement scanning system. The surface defect detection method using a laser CCD displacement sensor is derived from an idea in which surface defects such as cracks, inclusions and holes of three‐dimensional morphology characteristics are compared to normal surface especially in continuous casting slabs. Some novel research methods have been applied to develop the surface defect detection system used: first, getting a one‐dimensional distance matrix along transverse direction and a two‐dimensional matrix combining with a certain moving speed through the laser CCD displacement sensor; second, obtaining the slab surface profile and mapping to a greyscale image and finally, obtaining the surface defect regions by an image processing and searching algorithm and quantitatively detecting slab surface defect shape a...

Summary The objective of this study was to validate a gill biopsy method for non-lethal monitoring of the osmoregulatory status of young sturgeon in estuary areas. After gill biopsy, hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus ♀ 9 A. schrenckii ♂) were transferred from freshwater to brackish water (10 ppt) for 6 weeks. Mortality, serum osmolality, ion concentrations and gill Na + ,K + -ATPase activity of fish exposed to brack