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In the implant restoration of aesthetic area, the contour design of restoration has an important influence on the esthetic effect. The shape of subgingival portion of prosthesis, that is, the emergence profile plays an important role in aesthetic effect and health of the soft tissue. There are few studies on the contour design, indications, influencing factors of the emergence profile of the implant prosthesis. Most of the theoretical support for the contour design of implant restorations comes from the natural teeth restoration, but the design of implant and natural teeth restorations is not the same. This paper mainly reviews the design of emergence profile for implant restorations in the esthetic area, and provides and provides reference for clinical doctors.在美学区的种植修复中，修复体的形态设计对美学效果有重要影响。龈缘以下修复体的形态，即穿龈形态对种植修复的软组织美学和健康均至关重要。前牙种植修复体的穿龈形态设计方案、适应证、影响因素等相关研究较少且观点不一。多数种植修复体形态设计的理论支持来源于天然牙修复，但种植体和天然牙的修复体设计并不完全相同。本文主要综述前牙种植修复后穿龈形态的设计，以期为临床医师提供参考。.

Objectives To understand the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and tuberculosis (TB) comorbidity in rural China and to identify factors associated with TB-DM comorbidity and screening efficacy. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in four counties in eastern rural China. All TB patients newly registered from April 2013 to March 2014 were screened for DM using fasting blood glucose (FBG). Screening-positive patients were further examined using glycosylated haemoglobin A1C (HbA1c). Results Ninety-seven (7.7%) of the 1252 recruited TB patients had DM, 44 (45.4%) of whom were newly diagnosed. The DM-TB patients were significantly older than non-diabetics (mean age 57 ± 13 years vs. 49 ± 19 years, P 40 years (OR 3.039) and in overweight patients (OR 2.595). The number needed to screen (NNS) among TB patients to identify one case of DM was 12.97. The NNS to identify one new DM patient (27.4) was lower in participants aged >40 years (20.5), those who were illiterate (19.9), those with a family history of DM (9.3), those with missing bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination (11.3), current smokers (14.2) and those with body mass index >24 (11.4). Conclusion Regular DM screening in TB patients is practical in rural China. Better efficacy of DM-TB detection could be obtained by screening high-risk populations, such as overweight TB patients or those with a family history of DM.

Under the available data gathered from a coronary study questionnaires with 10 792 cases, this article constructs a Bayesian network model based on the tabu search algorithm and calculates the conditional probability of each node, using the Maximum-likelihood. Pros and cons of the Bayesian network model are evaluated to compare against the logistic regression model in the analysis of coronary factors. Applicability of this network model in clinical study is also investigated. Results show that Bayesian network model can reveal the complex correlations among influencing factors on the coronary and the relationship with coronary heart diseases. Bayesian network model seems promising and more practical than the logistic regression model in analyzing the influencing factors of coronary heart disease.

Surgically managed endocrinopathies are rare in children. Most surgeons have limited experience in this field. Herein we report our operative experience with pediatric patients, performed over two decades by high-volume endocrine surgeons.The study was conducted at the Mayo Clinic (a tertiary referral center).Patients were19 years old and underwent an endocrine operation (1993-2012).Demographics, surgical procedure, diagnoses, morbidity, and mortality were retrospectively reviewed.A total of 241 primary cases included 177 thyroid procedures, 13 neck dissections, 24 parathyroidectomies, 14 adrenalectomies, 7 paragangliomas, and 6 pancreatic procedures. Average age of patients was 14.2 years. There were 133 total thyroidectomies and 40 hemithyroidectomies. Fifty-three cases underwent a central or lateral neck dissection. Six-month follow-up was available for 98 total thyroidectomy patients. There were four cases of permanent hypoparathyroidism (4%) and no permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) paralyses. Sequelae of neck dissections included temporary RLN neurapraxia and Horner's syndrome. Parathyroidectomy was performed on 24 patients: 20 with primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT), three with tertiary HPT, and one with familial hypocalciuric hypocalcemia. Three patients (16%) had recurrent HPT, all with multiglandular disease. One patient had temporary RLN neurapraxia. We performed seven bilateral and seven unilateral adrenalectomies; eight were laparoscopic. Indications included pheochromocytoma, Cushing's syndrome, adrenocortical carcinoma, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and ganglioneuroma. One death was due to adrenocortical carcinoma. Five paraganglioma patients had succinate dehydrogenase subunit B mutations, and one recurred. Six patients with insulinoma underwent enucleation (n = 5) or distal pancreatectomy (n = 1). A single postoperative abscess was managed nonoperatively.Pediatric endocrine procedures are uncommon but can be safely performed with complication rates comparable to those of the adult population. It is imperative that these operations be performed by high-volume surgeons.

The effect of tamoxifen, an antiestrogenic drug, on the growth of three squamous cervical cancer cell lines in serum-free medium was studied, using the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 as a tamoxifen-sensitive control. It was found that low concentration revealed growth inhibition effect and high concentration revealed cytotoxicity effect in the four cancer cell lines. Their sensitivity was different with respective thresholds. Breast cancer cell line MCF-7 had the lowest threshold of growth inhibition, whereas cervical cancer cell line HX151c had the lowest threshold of cytotoxicity.