Search

Elderly diabetic patients in China accounts for one fourth of the total number of elderly diabetic patients in the world, ranking the first worldwide. In 2021, National Center of Gerontology, Chinese Society of Geriatrics and Diabetes Professional Committee of Chinese Aging Well Association issued China's first guideline on elderly diabetic patients--Guideline for the management of diabetes mellitus in the elderly in China (2021 edition). The present article interprets parts of the important recommendations of the guideline, aiming to facilitate its implementation in clinical practice effectively and improve the clinical prognosis of elderly diabetic patients in our country.我国老年糖尿病患者占全球老年糖尿病患者人数的1/4，居世界首位，但我国一直以来却缺乏针对老年糖尿病的指南以规范老年糖尿病的诊治。2021年国家老年医学中心、中华医学会老年医学分会、中国老年保健协会糖尿病专业委员会组织撰写了我国第一部有关老年糖尿病的指南——《中国老年糖尿病诊疗指南（2021年版）》。本文拟对该指南的部分重要推荐意见进行解读，希望它更有效地指导临床实践，最终改善我国老年糖尿病患者临床预后。.

In this paper, the Geometric Optics (GO)/Physical Optics (PO) method is improved to analyze the terahertz (THz)-wave scattering characteristics of objects with multiple small-scale grooves, where the grooves are of the same size. For the traditional GO/PO method, when the number of grooves reaches dozens or even hundreds, the existence of a large number of redundant intersection tests will be a main limitation to calculate the electromagnetic (EM) scattering in THz band. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, the scattered field from one of the grooves is computed using the GO/PO method and extended to obtain the scattered field of the other grooves according to their dimensional information. In this way, the computation load is effectively reduced. To demonstrate the validity of our method, the results are compared with those of MLFMM, traditional GO/PO method and experimental data. A good agreement is achieved. Meanwhile, the runtime of our method is compared with that of traditional GO/PO method, where the computational time is greatly saved. Furthermore, the scattering characteristics of objects with multiple small-scale grooves in THz band is studied. The simulation results show that the small-scale grooves will have a great effect on EM scattering characteristics in THz band.

胰岛素治疗是糖尿病治疗中控制高血糖的重要手段。本文针对《国家基层糖尿病防治管理指南（2018）》中糖尿病的胰岛素治疗进行解读，主要包括胰岛素分类、胰岛素起始治疗、胰岛素的多次治疗、胰岛素应用注意事项。.

There was an outbreak of human Streptococcus suis (S. suis) infection in southwest China in 2005. The total number of documented patients was 204 and 38 of them died. Four cases were autopsied and are reported in this paper. The autopsies showed that multiple organs were involved, with a prominent injury of the lung, kidney, and intestine. The essential pathologic changes were multiple microthrombi (hyaline thrombi) formation in the capillaries of various organs and tissues, accompanied by congestion and hemorrhage. The pathogen of the disease was S. suis, serotype 2, which was confirmed by means of germ culture of the heart, blood, and tissue samples at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC). The autopsy diagnosis of all four cases was septicemia with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The cause of death was toxic shock with multi-organ dysfunction. Combined with the epidemic features, clinical manifestations, etiological, and autopsy findings, it accorded with streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS).

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by lack of, or relative deficiency in, insulin productions and insensitivity of target tissues to insulin. Improvement of β-cell functions is a potential strategy for the clinical management of this disease. We reported before that geniposide improved glucose-stimulated insulin secretion with the activation of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) in INS-1 pancreatic β cells, but the cell signaling mechanism of geniposide regulating glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in β cells is so far poorly understood.Effect of LY294002, a specific inhibitor of PI3K, on GSIS in the presence or absence of geniposide in INS-1 cells. In addition, the differential protein expression of geniposide treated INS-1 cells was examined by Western blot.After pretreatment with 10 µM LY294002 for 1 hour, the insulin secretion induced by geniposide was partly abolished in INS-1 cells. After treatment with geniposide, the phosphorylation of PDK1 and Akt473 increased gradually to the maximum at 60 minutes or 120 minutes respectively. Furthermore, geniposide also inhibited the phosphorylation of downstream target GSK3β, and this effect was counteracted by preincubation with LY294002. And the expression of GLUT2 was increased after treatment with different doses geniposide.Geniposide increases insulin secretion in pancreatic β cells in a PI3K dependent mechanism potentially through increased GLUT2 protein levels.

Since the last decade of the past century, GIS has being applied in more and more fields. With the development of the technique, more and more people pay attention to the factor of time, i.e. the new GIS system should be able to analyze spatio-temporal factors in the real world. This paper presents a research project suggesting the use of spatio-temporal techniques as navigation aid onboard ships. Firstly, we analyze the differences of change between the oceanic elements and the land elements. Secondly, we set up a conception system of navigable area. Thirdly, we build up some related mathematical models to take a numerical research, the models are the instantaneous water level model, the triangulation model of soundings, the navigable area creating model and so on. Lastly, by the research, we come to a conclusion that the spatial data includes a lot of information, some of them are well-marked and the others are connotative, by digging the connotative information, some new functions may be developed.

Although the production of nautical chart has developed a lot in China, there are still some defects, such as the long period of producing nautical chart, the continuous correction to the nautical chart published, and so on. On basis of analyzing Chinese chart publishing data and its updating data, this paper researches on the technique of interactively updating server chart publishing data and the technique of automatically updating client chart publishing data, which will lay the foundation for constructing the mode of printing charts on demand in China.

Both the "Earth" coordinates system and "Non Earth" coordinates system are the coordinates systems mostly used in the GIS software nowadays. In the former coordinates system, the earth is treated as a sphere and in the latter one; all the spatial analysis models are based on the Euclidian Plane. The different coordinates system has the different usage: the "Earth" coordinates system is applied to the spatial analysis of large-scale areas and the "Non Earth" coordinates system is applied to local areas. The error will be made if the usage of the systems is exchanged. Through the analysis of typical MapInfo point and line (area) buffer creating examples, the inaccuracy of MapInfo line (area) buffer creating model based on map projection plane has been found. Analyzing and validating its reason, the improving ideas and methods are given out: constituting line (area) buffer creating model by MapInfo point buffer creating model and convex hull creating model; constituting line (area) buffer creating model based on the earth ellipsoid. This paper not only provides an idiographic method for MapInfo users to improve the accuracy and reliability of spatial analysis, but also reminds users not to abuse the buffer analysis tools. On the other hand, this will put forward a good reference for the new version of MapInfo system and other GIS developers.

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is a very rare and special kind of astrocytoma. Most of the patients have a relatively favorable prognosis despite its bizarre and pleomorphic cells. A 13 year old girl with PXA in the right occipitoparietal region is reported. Under light microscope, the tumor was markedly pleomorphic; mitosis was occasionally encountered and necrosis was absent. Immunohistochemically, cytoplasm of the tumor cells was positive for GFAP stain. Under electron microscope, many tumor cells contained glial filaments and large lipid vacuoles. Pericellular basal laminae could be found about some tumor cells, indicating a possible origin from subpial astrocyte. The clinicopathologic features, histogenesis, differential diagnosis and prognosis of PXA are discussed with review of literature.