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Background In the US, health policies accompanying the COVID-19 pandemic led to restricted healthcare access and decreased clinical services. Low public health funding was a barrier to accessing sexual healthcare before the pandemic and intensified during restrictions. Surveillance of the sexual healthcare landscape can inform program development to improve sexual health. Methods We collected information from clinics offering STI testing in the St. Louis region, Missouri, USA twice during 2020: in the spring during the first pandemic lockdown and in the fall as restrictions eased. Clinics were interviewed about sexual health services and categorized into three categories: open fully with no changes; modified if hours open and/or the ability to accept walk-ins were reduced; or fully closed. We also collected chlamydia rates by zip code and categorized zip codes as low (0–174 cases per 100,000); medium (175–653); or high (654–1291) prevalence. Results Of the 112 clinics, 47 are federally qualified health centers (serve the un-and underinsured); 16 were local public health authorities; and the remaining 49 include community, school, and private settings. In the fall, 29% of clinics were open, 55% modified, 5% closed compared with spring when 7% of clinics were open, 63% were modified, 17% were closed. There was a 450% and 200% increase in the number of clinics that were open in high and medium prevalence zip codes respectively in the fall compared to the spring. Forty-nine clinics remain modified or closed in medium and high prevalence zip codes. Discussion The COVID pandemic has a significant effect on sexual health care in a metropolitan region of the US; that effect is lasting, especially in areas of medium and high chlamydia rates. Health systems must consider how the pandemic has impacted care provided for all major public health problems, including STIs/HIV or risk worsening sexual health.

Introduction: The growing population of elderly people is impacting on overstretched dental services in many countries, as many individuals are retaining natural teeth and may have dentures or implants, all of which influence the way in which the oral cavity must be cared for. A major difficulty for older residents is their decreasing level of motor and cognitive functioning to adequately self-care for their mouths. Hence, the role of the nurse is crucial. However, staff shortages, time factors and lack of awareness can lead to neglect of the mouth in this population. The loss of function is often exacerbated in individuals with mental health problems. Objectives: To improve the oral health of residents in an aged care mental health unit through the introduction of an innovative nursing intervention. Methods: Firstly, utilizing focus groups, nursing staff identified the main barriers to delivery of oral hygiene to residents as follows: lack of proper equipment; no protocol in place; lack of knowledge. Staff knowledge of oral health and hygiene was measured using a structured questionnaire before and after the intervention. A training program was devised by a dentist, dietician and nurse working in the unit. A multidisciplinary team met on several occasions to design a suitable vehicle and process to deliver oral hygiene. Oral health examinations were conducted at baseline, three months and 12 months. Interventions: Design and production of oral hygiene trolley; development of protocol for oral hygiene; staff education in oral health. Results: The program was successful in improving the oral health of residents with reductions in plaque scores, gingivitis and pocket depths. The oral hygiene protocol was positively accepted into a daily routine and the knowledge of staff in matters relating to oral health increased. Conclusions: A simple oral health intervention utilizing qualified nurses and a purpose-built oral hygiene trolley made significant improvements to the oral health of aged care residents.

Whenever the pie shrinks, there are more fights over how it is divided. This has become an increasing problem for professionals who manage the general partners and investment managers of venture capital funds. With a greater number of disputes, a host of problems in the agreements among principals is often exposed. Ambiguities and deficiencies in the agreements make dealing with disputes more difficult than it would otherwise be. Although the primary purpose of these agreements is the division of profits, another important function is to determine how to unwind the relationship. This article presents the issues that should be discussed prior to the termination or withdrawal of a principal.

Using time-resolved emission spectroscopy at visible wavelengths, we explored the conditions of plasmas generated by current-driven explosions of single aluminum wires. The experiments were carried out with 15 μm aluminum wires driven by the Low Current Pulser 3 (LCP3) at Cornell University.The plasma conditions were studied as a function of time and radial position, including electron temperature, electron density, ionization state, and magnetic field. To determine the magnetic field, we are working toward employing a new diagnostic method which makes use of Zeeman-effect-produced differences in the line shapes of two fine structure components of a multiplet that are equally broadened by Stark effect and by Doppler broadening. Preliminary results and data collected by a spectroscopy system with 3.2 A resolution are presented.

As equity markets continue to struggle, the prospect of having limited partners default on their capital contributions becomes more of a possibility. Many venture capitalists are quite concerned about certain portions of their partnership agreements, such as the flexibility allowed the general partner to make investments, but far less concerned about the penalty provisions in caseof default. This article outlines possible courses of action and discusses which ones make the most sense in different circumstances.

We present an easy-to-use formula for mean (space- and direction-average) specific intensity of radiation in uniform spherical and cylindrical plasmas, which are not under external irradiation. This formula has high accuracy in any spectral interval dν taken in continuum as well as within a spectral line of any profile, including overlapping lines and lines on a pedestal of intense continuum in any spectral range. The formula considerably accelerates self-consistent computations of the radiation field and the distribution of ions over their ionization degrees and quantum states. It may also be used for computations of any radiation dependent-quantity, for example, the photoionization probability.

Summary form only given. Even though the physics of Z-pinch systems is understood in general, there is a severe lack of detailed experimental data on the thermalization processes and dynamics that govern the pinch behaviour, and on the plasma parameters during the stagnation phase. Here, we report on a novel spectroscopic system, used to determine temporally-resolved ion kinetic energy and temperature, electron temperature and density, and spatial correlation between different charge-states species of the stagnating plasma. We use a neon Z-pinch, imploding under a 500-kA, 500-ns current pulse, and observe a hot-and-dense plasma core stagnating on axis for ~10 ns, emitting ~1 kJ of radiation. A two-spectrometer diagnostic system is employed, simultaneously recording two groups of optically-thin lines: He-like satellites to Lyα and high-n H-like Lyδ and Lye lines, with ultra-high spectral, temporal and spatial resolutions. All data are axially imaged across the stagnation column. The ion temperature is obtained simultaneously from the Stark broadening of hydrogenic-line emission and from the Doppler broadening measurements coupled with energy-balance considerations, and is found to be substantially lower than the hydrodynamic-motion energy. Furthermore, the two-spectrometer system provides a unique insight into the temporal and spatial correlations between the intensities of the spectral lines emitted by different ionic charge-states in the stagnating plasma. Together with kinetics modeling and argumentation, these measurements allow for inferring space-and time-resolved electron density and temperature. This also includes determining the gradients of the electron temperature, and the mechanism of populating the doubly-excited states, along the pinch column.

This paper presents a method for testing of a grid-size battery energy storage system and its interaction with the grid. The method uses a real installation with relatively small storage capacity which is combined with a simulation model of the grid. The storage is cycled based on measurements from the potential grid location and desired application. A scaling factor is used to relate the physical installation capacity and power ratings with the grid-size storage in the simulation model. Such a hybrid method allows evaluating grid-size storage installations without disturbing the grid. The physical behavior of the battery and control algorithm can be evaluated under realistic conditions without the need to construct a full grid-size storage installation. An experiment is described in this paper were the method is applied to an actual grid and battery storage installation.

Summary form only given. We are initiating an experiment in which time resolved visible spectroscopy will be used to characterize the plasma in and near the minidiode in aluminum (Al) X pinches. The goal of the experiment is to determine the magnetic field and other plasma conditions near the outer radius of the imploding z-pinch in the minidiode. At this location the conditions should be suitable for a magnetic field measurement using the Al doublet previously used for Zeeman Broadening measurements at the Weizmann Institute of Science.1 We will be studying 2-wire and hybrid X pinches on the 13kA 430ns rise time Low Current Pulser 3 (LCP3), the 20kA 200ns rise time Low Current Pulser 4 (LCP4), and at ≥ 200kA on the 50ns rise time XP generator. By using various pulsers and current levels we aim to study directly the impact that the driving current has on the development of the minidiode of the X pinch, the magnetic field, the electron temperature, and the electron density as a function of time and space. Preliminary results will be presented.

Summary form only given. The thermalization and energy conversion to radiation in high-energy-density plasma is a topic of broad interest in laboratory plasmas and in astrophysics. Knowledge of the ion temperature is of decisive importance, since this parameter determines the rate of various processes, including that of the energy transfer to electrons. We here report on the development of a novel spectroscopic method for determining the ion temperature in the stagnating plasma, based on the Stark broadening of hydrogenic-line emission from moderately-coupled ions in the stagnating plasma. We use a neon Z-pinch, imploding under a 500-kA, 500-ns current pulse. Two spectroscopic systems with ultra-high-resolutions in spectrum, space, and time are employed simultaneously. A major emphasis has been put on measurements of the spectra of two different optically-thin lines: satellites to Lyα and Lyδ. While the optical thinness is invaluable in diagnosing the ion velocity distribution, the electron density, and the ion temperature, the low-intensity of such lines required the use of toroidal crystals, for enhancing the light-collection efficiency. All data were axially imaged across the stagnation column. We demonstrate the first employment of the spectroscopic method, which yields an ion temperature that is compared to previous measurements that were based on Doppler broadening and energy-balance considerations1,2. In addition, the data allowed for observing temporal and spatial correlations between the shapes of the various lines that are used to infer details of the distributions of the electron density and temperature in the stagnating column.

The conditions within plasmas generated by current-driven explosions of single 15–50µm aluminum (Al) wires are being investigated using time-resolved emission spectroscopy at visible wavelengths. The experiments are being carried out at Cornell University on the 10kA, 500ns rise time Low Current Pulser 3 (LCP3). The plasma parameters being determined as a function of time and radial position include electron temperature and density, ionization state and magnetic field. To determine the magnetic field, a new diagnostic method is being developed which makes use of Zeeman-effect-produced differences in the line shapes of two fine structure components of a multiplet that are equally broadened by both Stark effect and Doppler broadening. This method has been demonstrated at the Weizmann Institute of Science (WSI) in laser-produced plasmas [1] with lower energy densities than are being studied here. As in the work at WSI, we use the Al III [4s–4p] transitions at 5696A and 5722A to determine the magnitude of the magnetic field. In the experimental plasmas generated by LCP3, electron number densities are in the range 1017–1018cm−3 while electron temperatures are between 2 and 5eV. Under these conditions, seen close to peak current 300 µm away from the wire, the line broadening due to a magnetic field of 6.5 T is calculated to be 3.0 A while the Stark broadening at 1018/cm3 is calculated to be 3.5 A; the Doppler broadening is negligible. The total FWHM difference of the doublet lines resulting from these mechanisms is estimated to be 10%. We are setting up a new spectroscopic system capable of clearly detecting this difference after carrying out preliminary experiments on a lower resolution system. Initial high-resolution data will be presented.

The time history of the local ion kinetic energy in a stagnating plasma was determined from Doppler-dominated line shapes. Using independent determination of the plasma properties for the same plasma region, the data allowed for inferring the time-dependent ion temperature, and for discriminating the temperature from the total ion kinetic energy. It is found that throughout most of the stagnation period the ion thermal energy constitutes a small fraction of the total ion kinetic energy; the latter is dominated by hydrodynamic motion. Both the ion hydrodynamic and thermal energies are observed to decrease to the electron thermal energy by the end of the stagnation period. It is confirmed that the total ion kinetic energy available at the stagnating plasma and the total radiation emitted are in balance, as obtained in our previous experiment. The dissipation time of the hydrodynamic energy thus appears to determine the duration (and power) of the K emission.

We study warm dense matter formed by subpicosecond laser irradiation at several ${10}^{19}\text{ }\text{W}/{\text{cm}}^{2}$ of thin Ti foils using x-ray spectroscopy with high spectral $(E/\ensuremath{\Delta}E\ensuremath{\sim}15,000)$ and one-dimensional spatial $(\ensuremath{\Delta}x=13.5\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\text{m})$ resolutions. $\text{Ti}\text{ }K\ensuremath{\alpha}$ doublets modeled by line-shape calculations are compared with Abel-inverted single-pulse experimental spectra and provide radial distributions of the bulk-electron temperature and the absolute-photon number $K\ensuremath{\alpha}$ yield in the target interiors. A core with $\ensuremath{\sim}40\text{ }\text{eV}$ extends homogeneously up to ten times the laser-focus size. The spatial distributions of the bulk-electron temperature and $K\ensuremath{\alpha}$ yield are strongly correlated.

We study warm dense matter formed by subpicosecond laser irradiation at several 10(19) W/cm(2) of thin Ti foils using x-ray spectroscopy with high spectral (E/DeltaE approximately 15,000) and one-dimensional spatial (Deltax=13.5 microm) resolutions. Ti Kalpha doublets modeled by line-shape calculations are compared with Abel-inverted single-pulse experimental spectra and provide radial distributions of the bulk-electron temperature and the absolute-photon number Kalpha yield in the target interiors. A core with approximately 40 eV extends homogeneously up to ten times the laser-focus size. The spatial distributions of the bulk-electron temperature and Kalpha yield are strongly correlated.

The septin SEPT11 is a novel member of the highly conserved septin family. Septins are cytoskeletal GTPases, which form heteropolymeric complexes. They are involved in cytokinesis and other cellular processes, such as vesicle trafficking and exocytosis. SEPT11 has strong homology to SEPT8. Previously, we identified the interaction of SEPT5 and SEPT8. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, we now demonstrate that SEPT11 partners with SEPT5. The molecular interaction of SEPT11 with SEPT5 was verified by coprecipitation of SEPT5 and SEPT11 from lysates of the human T-cell leukaemia cell line JURKAT and by fluorescence resonance energy transfer. The interaction between SEPT5 and SEPT11 requires the GTP-binding domain and the C-terminal extension. Western analysis in various mouse and human tissues revealed that expression of SEPT11 is restricted to the same tissues as those expressing SEPT5, suggesting that SEPT11 and SEPT5 are components of a cell-specific septin complex. SEPT5, which is expressed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), has been reported to play an important role in exocytosis. We now report that HUVECs also express SEPT11. Given the interactivity between SEPT5 and SEPT11 as shown above and their coexpression in HUVECs, it may be that a complex formed by these two proteins is involved in the exocytosis mechanism in HUVECs. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The use of isolated intestinal segments is currently the best method of augmenting bladder capacity. The ability to perform a successful augmentation cystoplasty using nonintestinal tissue would decrease the morbidity of the operation. We studied the use of skeletal muscle-backed parietal peritoneal tissue in augmentation cystoplasty. In the experimental group animals, bladder capacity increased by 67% and urothelial regeneration was observed histologically. Problems with electrolyte abnormalities, urosepsis, or excessive mucous production were not encountered. In conclusion, a myoperitoneal flap may serve as a template for augmentation cystoplasty. Further investigation using this technique is warranted.

The Cryocycling of Energetic Materials Project was executed in the period FY`94-96 as a Life Cycle Engineering activity in the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) on advanced conventional munitions. This MOU is an agreement between the Departments of Energy and Defense (Office of Munitions) that facilitates the development of technologies of mutual interest to the two Departments. The cryocycling process is a safe, environmentally friendly, and cost effective means of rubblizing bulk energetic materials so that they can be easily reused in a variety of new products. For this reason, cryocycling of excess solid energetic materials is one of the recycle/reuse strategies under study for demilitarized munitions in the Departments of Energy and Defense. These strategies seek to minimize the environmental damage associated with disposal of decommissioned energetic materials. In addition, they encourage technologies that can be used to derive economic benefit from reuse/reapplication of materials that would otherwise be treated as hazardous wastes. 45 refs., 38 figs., 7 tabs.

The Cryocycling of Energetic Materials Project is sponsored by the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) on advanced munition technologies. This MOU is an agreement between the Department of Energy and the Department of Defense (Office of Munitions) that facilitates the development of technologies of mutual interest to the two Departments. The cryocycling project is one of several that focus on demilitarization aspects of conventional weapons and weapon systems. During FY94 the project pursued the development of analytical and numerical models that can be used to describe and optimize the cryocycling process for preparing energetic materials for recycle and reuse. In addition, the demilitarization stockpile of the Department of Defense was analyzed to identify candidate munitions for the process, and pilot scale cryocycling operations were begun at an industrial contractor. When a material is cryocycled, it is repeatedly subjected to cycles of rapid cooling in a liquid nitrogen bath at 77 K followed by warming to ambient temperature. In laboratory and pilot scale demonstrations, the authors have shown that cryocycling can dramatically reduce the size of a variety of propellant grains and a number of cast and plastic bonded explosives.

This report provides a total cost analysis of the organic work force within the Aeronautical Systems Division's, DCS for Integrated Engineering and Technical Management. This study details all costs relative to obtain a total cost, including all overhead functions, to the government of these engineers and the relationship of that cost to Federally Funded Research and Development Center personnel. The costs are base lined to a common cost factor of the Member of Technical Staff, which is the cost of one year of technical support to an effort.

Modeling of x-ray spectra emitted from a solid-density strongly coupled plasma formed in short-duration, high-power laser–matter interactions represents a highly challenging task due to extreme conditions found in these experiments. In this paper we present recent progress in the modeling and analysis of Kα emission from solid-density laser-produced titanium plasmas. The self-consistent modeling is based on collisional-radiative calculations that comprise many different processes and effects, such as satellite formation and blending, plasma polarization, Stark broadening, solid-density quantum effects and self-absorption. A rather strong dependence of the Kα shape on the bulk electron temperature is observed. Preliminary analysis of recently obtained experimental data shows a great utility of the calculations, allowing for inferring a temperature distribution of the bulk electrons from a single-shot measurement.

Radiative cascades into autoionizing states 1s2l2l 0 in Li-like ions are studied. The correction function that describes the effect of cascades on level populations is calculated using the 1/Z-expansion method for the range of nuclear charges Z = 10‐30. It is shown that for the q-satellite, which is often used in hot plasmas for diagnostic purposes, the contribution of radiative cascades may be three orders of magnitude larger than the direct dielectronic capture. Time-dependent collisional‐radiative modeling is used to calculate satellite intensities and determine spectra modifications due to radiative cascades.

Eosinophilic cystitis is an uncommon condition with an unknown etiology. A case of eosinophilic cystitis in a patient with chronic rejection of a cadaveric renal transplant is presented. The pathogenesis of this disease is discussed.

A case of synchronous bilateral spermatic cord torsion in a neonate is presented. While testicular salvage is variable in this entity, surgical intervention is necessary for any hope of testicular preservation.

The creation of a continent, catherizable stoma is an integral component of successful continent urinary diversion. A technique is described which allows lengthening of a continent appendicovesicostomy. This technique extends the applications for the Mitrofanoff principle of urinary tract reconstruction.

Pregnant rats were injected intraperitoneally with large doses of insulin. Controls were given intraperitoneal saline. Rats allowed food ad libitum maintained lowered blood-sugar levels and did not go into hypoglycemic shock; fasted rats died. Fifty-four rats produced 532 fetuses, gross and microscopic examination of which revealed no skeletal or other abnormalities. Some implications are discussed.

The Mitrofanoff procedure for continent urinary diversion was described in 1980. This principle has been expanded upon and used to achieve continent urinary diversion in virtually any indicated clinical setting. We report 3 cases treated by the Mitrofanoff principle to illustrate the spectrum of clinical situations to which it is applicable. The Mitrofanoff principle represents a viable form of continent urinary diversion.

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Testicular torsion represents a continuing source of morbidity among male patients. Early diagnosis and surgical exploration improve testis salvage but even this approach will result in orchiectomy if there is excessive delay in patient presentation. A 10-year retrospective review of testicular torsion was performed. The interval between onset of scrotal pain and presentation to the emergency department was determined. A specific age-related delay in presentation was identified between patients less than 18 years old (group 1, median delay 20 hours) and those greater than 18 years old (group 2, median delay 4 hours, p less than 0.001). At exploration 44 per cent of the group 1 patients required orchiectomy versus 8 per cent in group 2. Patients less than 18 years old are a high risk group for testicular loss after torsion and represent more than 90 per cent of the orchiectomies performed. We believe that this group should be targeted for improved health education, emphasizing early evaluation of scrotal pain to improve testicular salvage.

Computed tomographic (CT) scans were evaluated in 11 patients with acute hypertensive encephalopathy. Hypertensive encephalopathy is characterized by an acute, severe rise in blood pressure associated with headache, nausea, vomiting, altered mental status, and focal neurologic deficits, and rapid improvement after control of blood pressure. The systolic blood pressure range is 200-280 mm Hg; diastolic is 130-170 mm Hg. The most common CT finding was white-matter edema, diffuse or focal, affecting the supratentorial compartment in all cases and the infratentorial compartment in eight. These changes resolved after the blood pressure was lowered in all six patients studied by follow-up CT. Permanent areas of infarction were demonstrated in three patients. These abnormalities are correlated with the neuropathologic findings in hypertensive encephalopathy.

Through an unlikely series of coincidences and fortunate accidents, the development of Parkinson's disease in several illicit drug users was traced to their use of a meperidine analog contaminated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). The discovery of a chemical capable of producing animal models of the disease has revitalized research efforts and resulted in important new information. The serendipitous finding also prompted consideration of what changes seem advisable if designer drugs are to be dealt with more efficaciously.

This investigation was primarily conducted to review probability projections of crashes of Air Force cargo aircraft as developed in 1971. The 1971 effort resulted in considerable changes to the air cargo operations. This included a lowering of restraint criteria to 3Gs with an auxiliary 9G net system. The objective of this effort was to determine if further reductions could be made through removal of the auxiliary 9G net, in addition to both aircraft and spacecraft cargo restraint criteria. Restraint and aircraft modifications were also examined. This effort viewed probabilities, based on the original data from January 1960 to July 1971, and an expanded base to July 1976 for a total of 40.4 million hours. Further, the original study viewed only major accidents; minor accidents have been added to this review. The probabilities developed in 1971 were conservative relative to actual occurrence over the past few years. Further, new probabilities were developed that show removal of the barrier net is feasible and appropriate changes are recommended to the current criteria. Commercial experience with barrier nets was also investigated and accidents where barriers were impacted are detailed.

A major change in Air Force air cargo restraint criteria has been enacted. The revised criteria, which are based on technical report AFFDL-TR-71-139, Air Cargo Restraint Criteria, and their implementation are presented. An extract of AFFDL-TR-71-139 is included as Appendix I. The initial investigation was conducted to determine probabilities of encountering various forward crash load factors; to determine if cargo restraint procedures could be improved for better operational capability. Safety and cost factors were viewed in relation to current air transportability requirements. In determining the probabilities, data from January 1960 to Jul 1971, covering all major USAF cargo aircraft accidents with a total flying time in excess of 31 million hours, was used. The results showed that the risk to passengers on cargo flight is statistically rare and that a change in air cargo restraint procedures would provide a safety system than previously available with an overall cost savings to the military services.

THE diagnostic category pseudoneurotic schizophrenia is a relatively new psychiatric description. Perhaps for this reason alone its application seems to produce confusion and misunderstanding, if not outright rejection. Although the symptom complex is amply and even brilliantly elucidated by Hoch and his coworkers, 1 practical means of identification and differentiation remain to be delineated. Psychological test data which offer an operational framework for viewing the dynamic and defensive structure of this syndrome have not yet been exploited for their very pertinent and explicit contribution. The focus of psychiatric investigation has changed over the years as the field has expanded and provided facilities for treating a broader segment of the population. Formerly mental illness was considered a condition of relatively chronic incapacitation and deterioration. In recent years the emphasis has shifted to a recognition of pathological but stabilized individuals who suffer either periodic breakdown or manifest circumscribed areas of dysfunction. One

Through an unlikely series of coincidences and fortunate accidents, the development of Parkinson's disease in several illicit drug users was traced to their use of a meperidine analog contaminated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). The discovery of a chemical capable of producing animal models of the disease has revitalized research efforts and resulted in important new information. The serendipitous finding also prompted consideration of what changes seem advisable if designer drugs are to be dealt with more efficaciously.