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Overweight and obesity lead to the formation of a pro-inflammatory phenotype of the adipose tissue macrophages, but it is not known how exactly the balance of STAT1 and STAT6 transcription factors is implemented in the peripheral blood monocytes and how this affects the further polarization process in overweight. The article examines the level and ratio of expression of the STAT1 and STAT6 transcription factors in the polarization of the peripheral blood monocytes depending on the body weight. The study enrolled 20 women and men aged from 18 to 25 years. In terms of BMI, the subjects were divided into the following groups: individuals with normal body weight (BMI 18.50-24.99 kg/m2), represented by 5 women and 5 men; overweight individuals (BMI 25.00-29.99 kg/m2), including 5 men and 5 women. Using standard methods peripheral blood monocytes stimulated by LPS and γIFN, IL-4 was isolated and incubated for 3 and 7 days. PCR method was used to determine the expression level of the stat1 and stat6 genes in incubated cells. The concentration of IL-6 and TGFβ1 was measured in the supernatant on the 7th day of incubation, and TGFβ1 and hs-CRP in the serum of the subjects. The obtained results revealed a significant increase in the level of IL-6 in the supernatant of macrophages stimulated by LPS and γIFN in overweight individuals. The level of hs-CRP in the serum was also significantly higher in overweight individuals. It has been shown that under the conditions of overweight development, there is a significant increase in the level of expression of stat1 and stat6 genes in cells stimulated by IL-4. The obtained data indicate the presence of a preconditioning state of the peripheral blood monocytes with activation of signaling networks mainly in macrophages stimulated by the M2 phenotype under conditions of increased nutrients intake.

The long-term data from morphometric studies of Artemia males from bisexual and parthenogenetic populations from hyperhaline reservoirs of the Altai region (Bolshoe Yarovoe Lake, Maloe Shklo Lake, and the Tanatar Lakes system) is analyzed in this paper. The description of signs of sexual dimorphism and sexual structure in different populations is given. The influence of brine salinity and hydrogen index on morphometric parameters of males was analyzed. There are differences in the sexual structure of the Artemia population: in the lakes Maloe Shklo and the thanatar system, the populations are bisexual (the share of males is 28.5 — 75.0 %), in the lake Bolshoe yarovoe — parthenogenetic (the share of males on average does not exceed 3 %). At the same time, sexual dimorphism is typical for both types of populations: females are larger than males, males have a larger head (the distance between the eyes is greater by 15.5 %, the diameter of the eye is 26.1 %, the length of the antenna is 22.3 %) and a larger number of bristles (36.1 %). The greatest variability is observed in the parameters of the Furka structure associated with the salinity of water by feedback and the pH — line indicator. Significant differences between the samples of males were revealed. The largest number of significant differences in morphometric indicators was found between samples of males from bisexual populations (lake thanatar and lake Maloe Shklo), the smallest — between males from the parthenogenetic population of lake Bolshoe yarovoe and males from lake Maloe Shklo.

Results of long-term data (2000–2019) on the fertility of female Artemia from different types of hyperhaline reservoirs in the Altai region in the framework of the monitoring is analyzed in this work. A mandatory condition for determining the generative activity of female Artemia on live material has been established. The limits of individual fertility and average fertility are calculated, and the influence of abiotic factors on its volume is shown. The features of changes in the qualitative content of the egg SAC of female Artemia in reservoirs with different levels of water salinity and the course of its change during the period of vegetation are studied. The average number of litters (broods) for Altai populations was calculated, and the influence of environmental factors on this indicator was analyzed.

The genesis of a feuilleton phenomenon in the periodic press, always attracting the readers’ attention, has not been thoroughly researched. The work aims to identify the feuilleton origins and clarify the nature of its expressive means and comic functions. The research materials include the records of the feuilleton discussions in the Soviet press (1922–1926), a collection of works “Feuilleton” (1927), later works on the feuilleton and historical poetics. The following factors are considered to have contributed to the rise of the feuilleton: increased potential of the printing press at the turn of the 19th century, emergence of commercial periodicals, publishers’ interest in increasing the subscribers’ number, growing opposition to the regulatory trends of classicism and acute interest of romanticists in folklore and freedom to use its expressive means in the artistic sphere. The feuilleton is conceptualized as a young form, independent of genre canons, developing the low farce and slapstick comedy expressive means and its comic potential. According to ancestral memory, the comic means as basic artistic expression suggests both mockery and pleasure function for the feuilleton audience and predetermines the double existence of the feuilleton text and difference in naming at different times and in different publications. Texts published in periodicals are traditionally viewed as feuilletons, though the same texts published elsewhere can be considered short fiction forms. The paper defines the feuilleton as belonging to periodicals but distinguished among official and serious papers by its wording and free form of a mostly comic statement, pleasing for readers.

INHIBITION OF MARKERS OF THE IMMUNE INFLAMMATION IN BRONCHIAL ASTHMA INFLUENCED BY FULLERENE C60 NANOPMATERIALS

Objective: To determine the effect type I collagen gene polymorphism alpha-2 (COL1A2) (rs42524) on the formation of scar tissue that is localized in the head and neck areas. Material and Methods: Sixty patients with scars in different areas of the head and neck were examined. The patients were divided into four subgroups, according to the types of scarring: G I: 15 patients with normotrophic scars; G ІІ : 15 patients with atrophic scars; G ІІІ : 15 patients with hypertrophic scars; and G IV: 15 patients with keloid scars. The age of patients ranged from 17 to 54 years. The single-nucleotide polymorphic site of the COL1A2 (rs42524) gene was detected by a polymerase chain reaction and subsequent analysis of restriction fragment lengths. Pearson's chi-squared test with Yates’s correction and Fischer's exact test were used . Results: There were no significant changes between the control and basic groups (p=0.83) at analyzing the frequencies of G and C alleles. For the G allele, the calculation of odds ratio between the basic and control groups was 0.93 at 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.50-1.75), for the C allele – OR was 1.07 at 95% CI (0.57-2.01) . Conclusion: Our studies may indirectly indicate the activation of the skin’s protective reaction to physiological scarring and dosed scar formation in different areas of the head and neck.

MARKERS OF ENDOTHELIAL INJURIES IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY HEART DISEASE AND AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS

The continuous rise of overweight and obesity is a major concern for present and future healthcare management. The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of lifestyle changes on central regulatory mechanisms of maintaining energy homeostasis, insulin resistance and chronic systemic inflammation in 18-25 year old overweight patients. The anthropometric measurements were done for each patient, including body weight, height, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist to hip ratio, and body mass index (BMI). Patients were divided into two groups according to their BMI. 20 males and 21 females with BMI25 kg/m2 were included in the first, study, group. The second, control, group consisted of 16 males and 11 females with BMI - 18.5 - 24.9 kg/m 2. Lipid profile, fasting glucose and insulin levels, HOMA-IR, TNF-α, ceruloplasmin, neuropeptides Agouti-related protein - AgRP and kokain- and amphetamine-mediated transcript - CART were examined at the beginning of the study (Day 1) and after 10 week treatment period (Day 70). During the 10 week treatment period, people in the study group underwent physical exercise programs of 40-60 minute duration three times per week, and brisk walking during the remaining days. The mean calorie expenditure during the exercise was 500 kcal/day. Each patient in the study group was given balanced, healthy diet with 20% calorie restriction from baseline diet. Our study reveled that negative energy balance caused a statistically significant decrease in AgRP, reduction of visceral fat stores, increase of HDL, reduction of TNF-α and dissolution of insulin resistance signs. Significant but not statistically significant reduction of CART level was observed after increased physical activity program and calorie restriction diet, which might play an important role in the mechanism of decreasing weight. However, further investigations are required in order to determine its place in body weight regulation.

Using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) and Three-factor Eating Questionnaire-R18 (TFEQ-RI8), we defined the peculiarities of eating behavior and their impact on quality of life in young people aged 18-25 years. All participants were divided into two groups according to body mass index (BMI). The control group included 41 persons with normal body weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2). The group of young adults with increased body weight (BMI over 25 kg/M2) consisted of 27 persons. We found eating behavior disorders in 85,19 % of overweight people and in 41,46 % of persons with normal weight. The restrictive eating behaviors as well as a significant percentage of violations by external type had predominated in overweight individuals by the structure of disorders. The external and restrictive types of eating behavior disorders were predominated in persons with normal weight. Investigation of quality of life using the SF-36 questionnaire showed a significantly decline in the physical role functioning and pain. Index of general physical health component, being not high enough in both groups, was significantly lower in overweight people with 52.70 points against 56.11. We concluded that the eating behavior disorders in persons with normal weight and in overweight people required an individual approach to forming healthy lifestyle and fixing broken food stereotype. It will counteract the further increase of body weight and contribute to improving the quality of life.