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1. Understanding summertime peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) formation and its relation to aerosol pollution: insights from high-resolution measurements and modeling

Author

B. Hu, N. Chen, R. Li, M. Huang, J. Chen, Y. Hong, L. Xu, X. Fan, M. Li, L. Tong, Q. Zheng, and Y. Yang

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), a key indicator of photochemical pollution, is generated similarly to ozone (O3), through reactions involving specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides. Notably, PAN has been observed at unexpectedly high concentrations (maximum: 3.04 ppb) during the summertime. The average daily values of PAN show a strong correlation with black carbon (BC) (R = 0.77) and O3 (R = 0.77), suggesting a close connection between summertime haze and photochemical pollution. We addressed the puzzle of summertime PAN formation and its association with aerosol pollution under high-O3 conditions in Xiamen, a coastal city in southeastern China, by analyzing continuous high-temporal-resolution data utilizing box modeling in conjunction with the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM) model. The MCM model, with an index of agreement (IOA) value of 0.75, effectively investigates PAN formation, performing better during the clean period (R2: 0.68; slope K: 0.91) than the haze one (R2: 0.47; slope K: 0.75). Using eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), we identified NH3, NO3-, and PM2.5 as the primary factors for simulation bias. Moreover, the net production rate of PAN becomes negative with PAN constrained, suggesting an unknown compensatory mechanism. Both relative incremental reactivity (RIR) and empirical kinetic modeling approach (EKMA) analyses indicate that PAN formation is VOC-controlled. Controlling emissions of VOCs, particularly alkenes, C5H8, and aromatics, would mitigate PAN pollution. PAN promotes OH and HO2 while inhibiting the formation of O3, RO2, NO, and NO2. This study deepens our comprehension of PAN photochemistry while also offering scientific insights for guiding future PAN pollution control strategies.

Published
2025
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2. Mercury isotopic compositions in fine particles and offshore surface seawater in a coastal area of East China: implications for Hg sources and atmospheric transformations

Author

L. Xu, J. Shi, Y. Chen, Y. Zhang, M. Yang, L. Yin, L. Tong, H. Xiao, and J. Chen

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Isotopic compositions of Mercury (Hg) in atmospheric particles (HgPM) are probably the mixed results of emission sources and atmospheric processes. Here, we present Hg isotopic compositions in daily fine particles (PM2.5) collected from an industrial site (Chunxiao – CX) and a nearby mountain site (Daimeishan – DMS) in a coastal area of East China, and in surface seawater close to the industrial area, to reveal the influence of anthropogenic emission sources and atmospheric transformations on Hg isotopes. The PM2.5 samples displayed a significant spatial difference in δ202Hg. For the CX site, the negative δ202Hg values are similar to those of source materials, and the HgPM contents were well correlated with chemical tracers, indicating the dominant contributions of local industrial activities to HgPM2.5, whereas the observed positive δ202Hg at the DMS site was likely associated with regional emissions and extended atmospheric processes during transport. The Δ199Hg values in PM2.5 from the CX and DMS sites were comparably positive. The unity slope of Δ199Hg versus Δ201Hg over all data suggests that the odd mass independent fractionation (MIF) of HgPM2.5 was primarily induced by the photoreduction of Hg2+ in aerosols. The positive Δ200Hg values with a minor spatial difference were probably associated with the photooxidation of Hg0, which is generally enhanced in the coastal environment. Total Hg in offshore surface seawater was characterized by negative δ202Hg and near-zero Δ199Hg and Δ200Hg values, which are indistinguishable from Hg isotopes of source materials. Overall, the PM2.5 collected from industrial areas had comparable δ202Hg values but more positive Δ199Hg and Δ200Hg as compared to surface seawater. The results indicate that atmospheric transformations would induce the significant fractionation of Hg isotopes and obscure the Hg isotopic signatures of anthropogenic emissions.

Published
2021
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3. ESICM LIVES 2016: part one

Author

L. Bos, L. Schouten, L. van Vught, M. Wiewel, D. Ong, O. Cremer, A. Artigas, I. Martin-Loeches, A. Hoogendijk, T. van der Poll, J. Horn, N. Juffermans, M. Schultz, N. de Prost, T. Pham, G. Carteaux, A. Mekontso Dessap, C. Brun-Buisson, E. Fan, G. Bellani, J. Laffey, A. Mercat, L. Brochard, B. Maitre, LUNG SAFE investigators and the ESICM study group, P. A. Howells, D. R. Thickett, C. Knox, D. P. Park, F. Gao, O. Tucker, T. Whitehouse, D. F. McAuley, G. D. Perkins, LUNG SAFE Investigators and the ESICM Trials Group, L. Pisani, J. P. Roozeman, F. D. Simonis, A. Giangregorio, L. R. Schouten, S. M. Van der Hoeven, A. Serpa Neto, E. Festic, A. M. Dondorp, S. Grasso, L. D. Bos, M. J. Schultz, M. Koster-Brouwer, D. Verboom, B. Scicluna, K. van de Groep, J. Frencken, M. Bonten, J. I. Ko, K. S. Kim, G. J. Suh, W. Y. Kwon, K. Kim, J. H. Shin, O. T. Ranzani, E. Prina, R. Menendez, A. Ceccato, R. Mendez, C. Cilloniz, A. Gabarrus, M. Ferrer, A. Torres, A. Urbano, L. A. Zhang, D. Swigon, F. Pike, R. S. Parker, G. Clermont, C. Scheer, S. O. Kuhn, A. Modler, M. Vollmer, C. Fuchs, K. Hahnenkamp, S. Rehberg, M. Gründling, A. Taggu, N. Darang, N. Öveges, I. László, K. Tánczos, M. Németh, G. Lebák, B. Tudor, D. Érces, J. Kaszaki, W. Huber, D. Trásy, Z. Molnár, G. Ferrara, V. S. Kanoore Edul, H. S. Canales, E. Martins, C. Canullán, G. Murias, M. O. Pozo, J. F. Caminos Eguillor, M. G. Buscetti, C. Ince, A. Dubin, H. D. Aya, A. Rhodes, N. Fletcher, R. M. Grounds, M. Cecconi, M. Jacquet-Lagrèze, M. Riche, R. Schweizer, P. Portran, W. Fornier, M. Lilot, J. Neidecker, J. L. Fellahi, A. Escoresca-Ortega, A. Gutiérrez-Pizarraya, L. Charris-Castro, Y. Corcia-Palomo, E. Fernandez-Delgado, J. Garnacho-Montero, C. Roger, L. Muller, L. Elotmani, J. Lipman, J. Y. Lefrant, J. A. Roberts, R. Muñoz-Bermúdez, M. Samper, C. Climent, F. Vasco, V. Sara, S. Luque, N. Campillo, S. Grau Cerrato, J. R. Masclans, F. Alvarez-Lerma, S. Carvalho Brugger, G. Jimenez Jimenez, M. Miralbés Torner, J. Trujillano Cabello, B. Balsera Garrido, X. Nuvials Casals, F. Barcenilla Gaite, M. Vallverdú Vidal, M. Palomar Martínez, V. Gusarov, D. Shilkin, M. Dementienko, E. Nesterova, N. Lashenkova, A. Kuzovlev, M. Zamyatin, A. Demoule, S. Carreira, S. Lavault, O. Palancca, E. Morawiec, J. Mayaux, I. Arnulf, T. Similowski, B. S. Rasmussen, R. G. Maltesen, M. Hanifa, S. Pedersen, S. R. Kristensen, R. Wimmer, M. Panigada, G. Li Bassi, T. Kolobow, A. Zanella, M. Cressoni, L. Berra, V. Parrini, H. Kandil, G. Salati, S. Livigni, A. Amatu, A. Andreotti, F. Tagliaferri, G. Moise, G. Mercurio, A. Costa, A. Vezzani, S. Lindau, J. Babel, M. Cavana, D. Consonni, A. Pesenti, L. Gattinoni, for the GRAVITY-VAP TRIAL NETWORK, P. Mansouri, F. Zand, L. Zahed, F. Dehghanrad, M. Bahrani, M. Ghorbani, B. Cambiaghi, O. Moerer, T. Mauri, N. Kunze-Szikszay, C. Ritter, M. Quintel, L. M. Vilander, M. A. Kaunisto, S. T. Vaara, V. Pettilä, FINNAKI Study Group, J. L. G. Haitsma Mulier, S. Rozemeijer, A. M. E. Spoelstra-de Man, P. E. Elbers, P. R. Tuinman, M. C. de Waard, H. M. Oudemans-van Straaten, A. M. A. Liberatore, R. B. Souza, A. M. C. R. P. F. Martins, J. C. F. Vieira, I. H. J. Koh, M. Galindo Martínez, R. Jiménez Sánchez, L. Martínez Gascón, M. D. Rodríguez Mulero, A. Ortín Freire, A. Ojados Muñoz, S. Rebollo Acebes, Á. Fernández Martínez, S. Moreno Aliaga, L. Herrera Para, J. Murcia Payá, F. Rodríguez Mulero, P. Guerci, Y. Ince, P. Heeman, B. Ergin, Z. Uz, M. Massey, R. Papatella, E. Bulent, F. Toraman, E. R. Longbottom, H. D. Torrance, H. C. Owen, C. J. Hinds, R. M. Pearse, M. J. O’Dywer, Z. Trogrlic, M. van der Jagt, H. Lingsma, H. H. Ponssen, J. F. Schoonderbeek, F. Schreiner, S. J. Verbrugge, S. Duran, T. van Achterberg, J. Bakker, D. A. M. P. J. Gommers, E. Ista, A. Krajčová, P. Waldauf, F. Duška, A. Shah, N. Roy, S. McKechnie, C. Doree, S. Fisher, S. J. Stanworth, J. F. Jensen, D. Overgaard, M. H. Bestle, D. F. Christensen, I. Egerod, The RAPIT Group, A. Pivkina, I. Zhivotneva, N. Pasko, A. Alklit, R. L. Hansen, H. Knudsen, L. B. Grode, The RAPIT group, M. Hravnak, L. Chen, A. Dubrawski, M. R. Pinsky, S. M. Parry, L. D. Knight, B. C. Connolly, C. E. Baldwin, Z. A. Puthucheary, L. Denehy, N. Hart, P. E. Morris, J. Mortimore, C. L. Granger, H. I. Jensen, R. Piers, B. Van den Bulcke, J. Malmgren, V. Metaxa, A. K. Reyners, M. Darmon, K. Rusinova, D. Talmor, A. P. Meert, L. Cancelliere, L. Zubek, P. Maia, A. Michalsen, J. Decruyenaere, E. Kompanje, S. Vanheule, E. Azoulay, S. Vansteelandt, D. Benoit, C. Ryan, D. Dawson, J. Ball, K. Noone, B. Aisling, S. Prudden, A. Ntantana, D. Matamis, S. Savvidou, M. Giannakou, M. Gouva, G. Nakos, V. Koulouras, J. Aron, G. Lumley, D. Milliken, K. Dhadwal, B. A. McGrath, S. J. Lynch, B. Bovento, G. Sharpe, E. Grainger, S. Pieri-Davies, S. Wallace, B. McGrath, M. Jung, J. Cho, H. Park, G. Suh, O. Kousha, J. Paddle, L. Gamrin Gripenberg, M. Sundström Rehal, J. Wernerman, O. Rooyackers, H. J. de Grooth, W. P. Choo, A. M. Spoelstra-de Man, E. L. Swart, L. Talan, G. Güven, N. D. Altıntas, M. Padar, G. Uusvel, L. Starkopf, J. Starkopf, A. Reintam Blaser, M. S. Kalaiselvan, A. S. Arunkumar, M. K. Renuka, R. L. Shivkumar, M. Volbeda, D. ten Kate, M. Hoekstra, J. M. van der Maaten, M. W. Nijsten, A. Komaromi, Å. Norberg, M. Smedberg, M. Mori, L. Pettersson, M. Theodorakopoulou, T. Christodoulopoulou, A. Diamantakis, F. Frantzeskaki, M. Kontogiorgi, E. Chrysanthopoulou, M. Lygnos, C. Diakaki, A. Armaganidis, K. Gundogan, E. Dogan, R. Coskun, S. Muhtaroglu, M. Sungur, T. Ziegler, M. Guven, A. Kleyman, W. Khaliq, D. Andreas, M. Singer, R. Meierhans, R. Schuepbach, I. De Brito-Ashurst, G. Sabetian, R. Nikandish, F. Hagar, M. Masjedi, B. Maghsudi, A. Vazin, E. Asadpour, K. C. Kao, L. C. Chiu, C. Y. Hung, C. H. Chang, S. H. Li, H. C. Hu, S. El Maraghi, M. Ali, D. Rageb, M. Helmy, J. Marin-Corral, C. Vilà, A. Vàzquez, I. Martín-Loeches, E. Díaz, J. C. Yébenes, A. Rodriguez, F. Álvarez-Lerma, H1N1 SEMICYUC/GETGAG Working Group, N. Varga, A. Cortina-Gutiérrez, L. Dono, M. Martínez-Martínez, C. Maldonado, E. Papiol, M. Pérez-Carrasco, R. Ferrer, K. Nweze, B. Morton, I. Welters, M. Houard, B. Voisin, G. Ledoux, S. Six, E. Jaillette, S. Nseir, S. Romdhani, R. Bouneb, D. Loghmari, N. Ben Aicha, J. Ayachi, K. Meddeb, I. Chouchène, A. Khedher, M. Boussarsar, K. S. Chan, W. L. Yu, J. Nolla, L. Vidaur, J. Bonastre, B. Suberbiola, J. E. Guerrero, H1N1 SEMICYUC/GETGAG working group, N. Ramon Coll, G. Jiménez Jiménez, J. Codina Calero, M. García, M. C. de la Torre, E. Vendrell, E. Palomera, E. Güell, M. Serra-Prat, J. F. Bermejo-Martín, J. Almirall, E. Tomas, A. Escoval, F. Froe, M. H. Vitoria Pereira, N. Velez, E. Viegas, E. Filipe, C. Groves, M. Reay, A. Ballin, F. Facchin, G. Sartori, F. Zarantonello, E. Campello, C. M. Radu, S. Rossi, C. Ori, P. Simioni, N. Umei, I. Shingo, A. C. Santos, C. Candeias, I. Moniz, R. Marçal, Z. Costa e Silva, J. M. Ribeiro, J. F. Georger, J. P. Ponthus, M. Tchir, V. Amilien, M. Ayoub, E. Barsam, G. Martucci, G. Panarello, F. Tuzzolino, G. Capitanio, V. Ferrazza, T. Carollo, L. Giovanni, A. Arcadipane, M. López Sánchez, M. A. González-Gay, F. J. Llorca Díaz, M. I. Rubio López, E. Zogheib, L. Villeret, J. Nader, M. Bernasinski, P. Besserve, T. Caus, H. Dupont, P. Morimont, S. Habran, R. Hubert, T. Desaive, F. Blaffart, N. Janssen, J. Guiot, A. Pironet, P. Dauby, B. Lambermont, T. Pettenuzzo, G. Citton, C. Kirakli, O. Ediboglu, S. Ataman, M. Yarici, F. Tuksavul, S. Keating, A. Gibson, M. Gilles, M. Dunn, G. Price, N. Young, P. Remeta, P. Bishop, M. D. Fernández Zamora, J. Muñoz-Bono, E. Curiel-Balsera, E. Aguilar-Alonso, R. Hinojosa, A. Gordillo-Brenes, J. A. Arboleda-Sánchez, ARIAM-CARDIAC SURGERY PROJECT AUTHORS, I. Skorniakov, D. Vikulova, C. Whiteley, O. Shaikh, A. Jones, M. Ostermann, L. Forni, M. Scott, J. Sahatjian, W. Linde-Zwirble, D. Hansell, P. Laoveeravat, N. Srisawat, M. Kongwibulwut, S. Peerapornrattana, N. Suwachittanont, T. O. Wirotwan, P. Chatkaew, P. Saeyub, K. Latthaprecha, K. Tiranathanagul, S. Eiam-ong, J. A. Kellum, R. E. Berthelsen, A. Perner, A. E. K. Jensen, J. U. Jensen, D. J. Gebhard, J. Price, C. E. Kennedy, A. Akcan-Arikan, Y. R. Kang, M. N. Nakamae, K. Hamed, M. M. Khaled, R. Aly Soliman, M. Sherif Mokhtar, G. Seller-Pérez, D. Arias-Verdú, E. Llopar-Valdor, I. De-Diós-Chacón, G. Quesada-García, M. E. Herrera-Gutierrez, R. Hafes, G. Carroll, P. Doherty, C. Wright, I. G. Guerra Vera, M. Ralston, M. L. Gemmell, A. MacKay, E. Black, R. I. Docking, R. Appleton, M. R. Ralston, L. Gemmell, A. Mackay, J. G. Röttgering, P. W. G. Elbers, N. Mejeni, J. Nsiala, A. Kilembe, P. Akilimali, G. Thomas, A. E. Andersson, A. M. Fagerdahl, V. Knudsen, P-INFECT, A. Ben Cheikh, Y. Hamdaoui, A. Guiga, N. Fraj, N. Sma, I. Chouchene, N. Bouafia, A. Amirian, B. Ziaian, C. Fleischmann, D. O. Thomas-Rueddel, A. Schettler, D. Schwarzkopf, A. Stacke, K. Reinhart, A. Martins, P. Sousa, G. Snell, R. Matsa, T. T. S. Paary, A. M. Cavalheiro, L. L. Rocha, C. S. Vallone, A. Tonilo, M. D. S. Lobato, D. T. Malheiro, G. Sussumo, N. M. Lucino, V. D. Rosenthal, A. Sanaei Dashti, A. Yousefipour, J. R. Goodall, M. Williamson, E. Tant, N. Thomas, C. Balci, C. Gonen, E. Haftacı, H. Gurarda, E. Karaca, B. Paldusová, I. Zýková, D. Šímová, S. Houston, L. D’Antona, J. Lloyd, V. Garnelo-Rey, M. Sosic, V. Sotosek-Tokmazic, J. Kuharic, I. Antoncic, S. Dunatov, A. Sustic, C. T. Chong, M. Sim, T. Lyovarin, F. M. Acosta Díaz, S. Narbona Galdó, M. Muñoz Garach, O. Moreno Romero, A. M. Pérez Bailón, A. Carranza Pinel, M. Colmenero, A. Gritsan, A. Gazenkampf, E. Korchagin, N. Dovbish, R. M. Lee, M. P. P. Lim, B. C. L. Lim, J. J. See, R. Assis, F. Filipe, N. Lopes, L. Pessoa, T. Pereira, N. Catorze, M. S. Aydogan, C. Aldasoro, P. Marchio, A. Jorda, M. D. Mauricio, S. Guerra-Ojeda, M. Gimeno-Raga, M. Colque-Cano, A. Bertomeu-Artecero, M. Aldasoro, S. L. Valles, D. Tonon, T. Triglia, J. C. Martin, M. C. Alessi, N. Bruder, P. Garrigue, L. Velly, S. Spina, V. Scaravilli, C. Marzorati, E. Colombo, D. Savo, A. Vargiolu, G. Cavenaghi, G. Citerio, A. H. V. Andrade, P. Bulgarelli, J. A. P. Araujo, V. Gonzalez, V. A. Souza, C. Massant, C. A. C. Abreu Filho, R. A. Morbeck, L. E. Burgo, R. van Groenendael, L. T. van Eijk, G. P. Leijte, B. Koeneman, M. Kox, P. Pickkers, A. García-de la Torre, M. de la Torre-Prados, A. Fernández-Porcel, C. Rueda-Molina, P. Nuevo-Ortega, T. Tsvetanova-Spasova, E. Cámara-Sola, A. García-Alcántara, L. Salido-Díaz, X. Liao, T. Feng, J. Zhang, X. Cao, Q. Wu, Z. Xie, H. Li, Y. Kang, M. S. Winkler, A. Nierhaus, E. Mudersbach, A. Bauer, L. Robbe, C. Zahrte, E. Schwedhelm, S. Kluge, C. Zöllner, E. Mitsi, S. H. Pennington, J. Reine, A. D. Wright, R. Parker, I. D. Welters, J. D. Blakey, G. Rajam, E. W. Ades, D. M. Ferreira, D. Wang, A. Kadioglu, S. B. Gordon, R. Koch, J. Rahamat-Langedoen, J. Schloesser, M. de Jonge, J. Bringue, R. Guillamat-Prats, E. Torrents, M. L. Martinez, M. Camprubí-Rimblas, L. Blanch, S. Y. Park, Y. B. Park, D. K. Song, S. Shrestha, S. H. Park, Y. Koh, M. J. Park, C. W. Hong, O. Lesur, D. Coquerel, X. Sainsily, J. Cote, T. Söllradl, A. Murza, L. Dumont, R. Dumaine, M. Grandbois, P. Sarret, E. Marsault, D. Salvail, M. Auger-Messier, F. Chagnon, Apelin Group, M. P. Lauretta, E. Greco, A. Dyson, S. Preau, M. Ambler, A. Sigurta, S. Saeed, L. Topcu Sarıca, N. Zibandeh, D. Genc, F. Gul, T. Akkoc, E. Kombak, L. Cinel, I. Cinel, S. J. Pollen, N. Arulkumaran, G. Warnes, D. J. Pennington, K. Brohi, M. J. O’Dwyer, H. Y. Kim, S. Na, J. Kim, Y. F. Chang, A. Chao, P. Y. Shih, C. T. Lee, Y. C. Yeh, L. W. Chen, M. Adriaanse, W. Rietdijk, S. Funcke, S. Sauerlaender, B. Saugel, H. Pinnschmidt, D. A. Reuter, R. Nitzschke, S. Perbet, C. Biboulet, A. Lenoire, D. Bourdeaux, B. Pereira, B. Plaud, J. E. Bazin, V. Sautou, A. Mebazaa, J. M. Constantin, M. Legrand, Y. Boyko, P. Jennum, M. Nikolic, H. Oerding, R. Holst, P. Toft, H. K. Nedergaard, T. Haberlandt, S. Park, S. Kim, Y. J. Cho, Y. J. Lim, A. Chan, S. Tang, S. L. Nunes, S. Forsberg, H. Blomqvist, L. Berggren, M. Sörberg, T. Sarapohja, C. J. Wickerts, J. G. M. Hofhuis, L. Rose, B. Blackwood, E. Akerman, J. Mcgaughey, M. Fossum, H. Foss, E. Georgiou, H. J. Graff, M. Kalafati, R. Sperlinga, A. Schafer, A. G. Wojnicka, P. E. Spronk, F. Khalili, R. Afshari, H. Haddad Khodaei, S. Javadpour, P. Petramfar, S. Nasimi, H. Tabei, A. Gunther, J. O. Hansen, P. Sackey, H. Storm, J. Bernhardsson, Ø. Sundin, A. Bjärtå, A. Bienert, P. Smuszkiewicz, P. Wiczling, K. Przybylowski, A. Borsuk, I. Trojanowska, J. Matysiak, Z. Kokot, M. Paterska, E. Grzeskowiak, A. Messina, E. Bonicolini, D. Colombo, G. Moro, S. Romagnoli, A. R. De Gaudio, F. Della Corte, S. M. Romano, J. A. Silversides, E. Major, E. E. Mann, A. J. Ferguson, D. F. Mcauley, J. C. Marshall, J. A. Diaz-Rodriguez, R. Silva-Medina, E. Gomez-Sandoval, N. Gomez-Gonzalez, R. Soriano-Orozco, P. L. Gonzalez-Carrillo, M. Hernández-Flores, K. Pilarczyk, J. Lubarksi, D. Wendt, F. Dusse, J. Günter, B. Huschens, E. Demircioglu, H. Jakob, A. Palmaccio, A. M. Dell’Anna, D. L. Grieco, F. Torrini, C. Iaquaniello, F. Bongiovanni, M. Antonelli, L. Toscani, D. Antonakaki, D. Bastoni, M. Jozwiak, F. Depret, J. L. Teboul, J. Alphonsine, C. Lai, C. Richard, X. Monnet, G. Demeter, I. Kertmegi, A. Hasanin, A. Lotfy, A. El-adawy, H. Nassar, S. Mahmoud, A. Abougabal, A. Mukhtar, F. Quinty, S. Habchi, A. Luzi, E. Antok, G. Hernandez, B. Lara, L. Enberg, M. Ortega, P. Leon, C. Kripper, P. Aguilera, E. Kattan, M. Lehmann, S. Sakka, B. Bein, R. M. Schmid, J. Preti, J. Creteur, A. Herpain, J. Marc, F. Trojette, S. Bar, L. Kontar, D. Titeca, J. Richecoeur, B. Gelee, N. Verrier, R. Mercier, E. Lorne, J. Maizel, M. Slama, M. E. Abdelfattah, A. Eladawy, M. A. Ali Elsayed, A. Pedraza Montenegro, E. Monares Zepeda, J. Franco Granillo, J. S. Aguirre Sánchez, G. Camarena Alejo, A. Rugerio Cabrera, A. A. Tanaka Montoya, C. Lee, F. 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Millán Estañ, M. Hernández Bernal, A. Garcia de Lorenzo y Mateos, P. A. C. Specht, M. Balik, M. Zakharchenko, F. Los, H. Brodska, C. de Tymowski, P. Augustin, M. Desmard, P. Montravers, S. N. Stapel, R. de Boer, H. M. Oudemans, A. Hollinger, T. Schweingruber, F. Jockers, M. Dickenmann, M. Siegemund, Clinical Intensive Care Research Basel, N. Runciman, L. Alban, C. Turrini, T. Sasso, T. Langer, P. Taccone, C. Marenghi, G. Grasselli, P. Wibart, T. Reginault, M. Garcia, B. Barbrel, A. Benard, C. Bader, F. Vargas, H. N. Bui, G. Hilbert, J. M. Serrano Simón, P. Carmona Sánchez, F. Ruiz Ferrón, M. García de Acilu, J. Marin, V. Antonia, L. Ruano, M. Monica, G. Hong, D. H. Kim, Y. S. Kim, J. S. Park, Y. K. Jee, Z. Yu xiang, W. Jia-xing, W. Xiao dan, N. Wen long, W. Yu, Z. Yan, X. Cheng, T. Kobayashi, Y. Onodera, R. Akimoto, A. Sugiura, H. Suzuki, M. Iwabuchi, M. Nakane, K. Kawamae, P. Carmona Sanchez, M. D. Bautista Rodriguez, M. Rodriguez Delgado, V. Martínez de Pinillos Sánchez, A. 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García Huertas, F. Manzano, F. Villagrán-Ramírez, A. Ruiz-Perea, C. Rodríguez-Mejías, F. Santiago-Ruiz, M. Colmenero-Ruiz, C. König, B. Matt, A. Kortgen, C. S. Hartog, A. Wong, C. Balan, G. Barker, S. Tachaboon, J. Paratz, G. Kayambu, R. Boots, R. Vlasenko, E. Gromova, S. Loginov, M. Kiselevskiy, Y. Dolgikova, K. B. Tang, C. M. Chau, K. N. Lam, E. Gil, G. Y. Suh, C. M. Park, C. R. Chung, C. H. Lai, Y. J. Cheng, V. Colella, N. Zarrillo, M. D’Amico, F. Forfori, B. Pezza, T. Laddomada, V. Beltramelli, M. L. Pizzaballa, A. Doronzio, B. Balicco, D. Kiers, W. van der Heijden, J. Gerretsen, Q. de Mast, S. el Messaoudi, G. Rongen, M. Gomes, N. P. Riksen, Y. Kashiwagi, K. Hayashi, Y. Inagaki, S. Fujita, A. Blet, M. Sadoune, J. Lemarié, N. Bihry, R. Bern, E. Polidano, R. Merval, J. M. Launay, B. Lévy, J. L. Samuel, J. Hartmann, S. Harm, and V. Weber

Subjects
Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Published
2016
Full Text
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8. A Patient with Concurrent Legionella and COVID-19 Infection in a UK District General Hospital

Author

Jie L. Tong, Michael A. Long, and Peter Russell

Subjects
Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

A 65 year-old gentleman had been brought to our Respiratory Emergency Department for patients with respiratory symptoms and a possible COVID-19 infection with a 3-day history of shortness of breath (SOB), fever, a productive cough of yellow sputum, and right-sided chest pain. The patient had received both vaccinations at the time and initially reported no travel history, although later it was revealed that he had recently stayed at a hotel. He tested positive for COVID-19 and had hyponatremia and a raised procalcitonin, indicating a bacterial infection as well. He had been initiated on our local treatment guidelines for COVID with antibiotics, guided by local hospital guidelines. An atypical pneumonia screen returned a positive result for Legionella urine antigen, and his antibiotic regime was changed accordingly. Our patient deteriorated significantly, and despite being escalated to our intensive care unit (ICU), he unfortunately passed away. Our case highlights the importance of early ICU involvement and escalation of antibiotics in cases of suspected concurrent Legionella and COVID-19 infections.

Published
2022
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9. Exuviae Recycling Can Enhance Queen Oviposition and Colony Growth in Subterranean Termites (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae: Coptotermes)

Author

Reina L Tong, Jayshree S Patel, Johnalyn M Gordon, Sang-Bin Lee, Thomas Chouvenc, and Nan-Yao Su

Subjects
Ecology, Insect Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Wood-feeding termites have a nitrogen-poor diet and have therefore evolved nitrogen conservation strategies. However, termite workers molt periodically, and throughout the lifetime of a colony, millions of exuviae, a nitrogen-rich resource, are produced by the colony. In Coptotermes Wasmann, workers foraging at remote feeding sites must return to the central part of the nest to molt, where the queen, king, eggs, and larvae are located. It was hypothesized that this molting-site fidelity is an efficient way to recycle nitrogen for reproduction and colony growth, as nestmates involved in exuviae consumption can directly transfer such resources to individuals engaged in reproduction (the queen) or growth (larvae). This study investigates whether incipient colonies of C. gestroi (Wasmann) can gain additional biomass when they are fed supplementary exuviae. Incipient colonies were reared in nitrogen-poor or nitrogen-rich conditions, and 0, 1, 5, or 10 exuviae were added to 3-month-old colonies. After 6.5 months, colonies reared in nitrogen-poor environments gained significantly more biomass when exuviae were added than colonies with no added exuviae. However, the addition of exuviae had no effect on colony growth for colonies reared in nitrogen-rich environments. In a second experiment, queens from colonies in which exuviae were effectively removed laid fewer eggs than queens from colonies in which exuviae were not removed. Therefore, consumption of exuviae from molting individuals by nestmates is an important part of the nitrogen recycling strategy in Coptotermes colonies, as it facilitates queen oviposition and colony growth, especially when such colonies have limited access to nitrogen-rich soils.

Published
2023
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10. Combining Melphalan Percutaneous Hepatic Perfusion with Ipilimumab Plus Nivolumab in Advanced Uveal Melanoma: First Safety and Efficacy Data from the Phase Ib Part of the Chopin Trial

Author

T. M. L. Tong, M. C. Burgmans, F. M. Speetjens, A. R. van Erkel, R. W. van der Meer, C. S. P. van Rijswijk, M. A. Jonker-Bos, C. F. M. Roozen, M. Sporrel-Blokland, J. Lutjeboer, E. L. van Persijn van Meerten, C. H. Martini, R. W. M. Zoethout, F. G. J. Tijl, C. U. Blank, and E. Kapiteijn

Subjects
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Published
2023
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11. EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL STUDY OF A SANDWICH-LIKE PHENOXO-BRIDGED HETEROBIMETALLIC ZINC(II)–MANGANESE(III) 3-MeOSALPHEN COMPLEX

Author

L. Dou, L. Tong, Y.-B. Yan, Y.-H. Deng, and W.-K. Dong

Subjects
Inorganic Chemistry, Materials Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Abstract

A novel sandwich-like heterotrinuclear [Zn(II)2Mn(III)] complex, [{Zn(L)Cl}2Mn]Cl, has been constructed successfully from a bicompartmental 3-MeOSalphen ligand (H2L), N,N'-bis(3-methoxy-salicylidene)phenylene-1,2-diamine. The chemically obained structure was determi­ned through single crystal X-ray diffraction and spectrochemical (IR and UV-Vis) analyses. The structural studies revealed that characteristic inner N2O2 compartment of H2L is occupied by Zn(II) atom and outer O2O2 compartment is coordinated by Mn(III) atom in the Zn(II)—Mn(III) complex. The Zn(II)—Mn(III) complex can be used as a potential light-emitting material owing to the fluorescent property. In addition, density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations were performed to take insight of experimental electronic spectra. Interaction region indicator (IRI) analyses were calculated to show relative chemical bond changes before and after coordination.

Published
2022
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12. A metagenomic analysis of the virome of inverted papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma

Author

Charles C. L. Tong, Xiang Lin, Tyler Seckar, Mateusz Koptyra, Michael A. Kohanski, Noam A. Cohen, David W. Kennedy, Nithin D. Adappa, Peter Papagiannopoulos, Edward C. Kuan, Esther Baranov, Jalal B. Jalaly, Michael D. Feldman, Phillip B. Storm, Adam C. Resnick, James N. Palmer, Zhi Wei, and Erle S. Robertson

Subjects
Otorhinolaryngology, Immunology and Allergy
Published
2023
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17. Trophic Path of Marked Exuviae Within Colonies ofCoptotermes gestroi(Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae)

Author

Reina L Tong, Eun-Kyung Choi, Kelly Ugarelli, Thomas Chouvenc, and Nan-Yao Su

Subjects
Insect Science, General Medicine
Abstract

Nitrogen, a limiting growth factor in wood-feeding insects, was hypothesized to play a role in the recently discovered behavior of subterranean termites returning to the nest to molt. Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) exuviae is approximately 11% N by dry weight, and therefore a potentially rich source of recyclable nitrogen. Exuviae from a C. gestroi colony were marked with immunoglobulin G (IgG) and were fed to two-year-old C. gestroi colonies. IgG-marked exuviae were detected with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The IgG marker was later detected in every caste and life stage except first-instar larvae (L1). The proportion of individuals positive for the marker varied by caste, with the queens always being positive for the marker. The queens and second-or-higher-instar workers (W2+) had significantly higher concentrations of the marker than the eggs and L1. The trophic path of exuviae includes individuals that directly fed on marked exuviae (workers and possibly second-instar larvae) and individuals that secondarily received marked exuviae through trophallaxis (queens, kings, and soldiers). This study described the trophic path of consumed exuviae and demonstrated its role in the recycling of nitrogen in a subterranean termite. Molting at the central nest may be an efficient means to transfer nitrogen from shed exuviae to recipients and may be a nitrogen recycling behavior conserved from a termite ancestor.

Published
2023
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18. Delineating genotypes and phenotypes of individual cells from long-read single cell transcriptomes

Author

Cheng-Kai Shiau, Lina Lu, Rachel Kieser, Kazutaka Fukumura, Timothy Pan, Hsiao-Yun Lin, Jie Yang, Eric L. Tong, GaHyun Lee, Yuanqing Yan, Jason T. Huse, and Ruli Gao

Subjects
Article
Abstract

Single-cell nanopore sequencing of full-length mRNAs (scNanoRNAseq) is transforming singlecell multi-omics studies. However, challenges include computational complexity and dependence on short-read curation. To address this, we developed a comprehensive toolkit, scNanoGPS to calculate same-cell genotypes-phenotypes without short-read guidance. We applied scNanoGPS onto 23,587 long-read transcriptomes from 4 tumors and 2 cell lines. Standalone, scNanoGPS accurately deconvoluted error-prone long-reads into single-cells and single-molecules. Further, scNanoGPS simultaneously accessed both phenotypes (expressions/isoforms) and genotypes (mutations) of individual cells. Our analyses revealed that tumor and stroma/immune cells often expressed significantly distinct combinations of isoforms (DCIs). In a kidney tumor, we identified 924 genes with DCIs involved in cell-type-specific functions such asPDE10Ain tumor cells andCCL3in lymphocytes. Moreover, transcriptome-wide mutation analyses identified many cell-type-specific mutations includingVEGFAmutations in tumor cells andHLA-Amutations in immune cells, highlighting critical roles of different populations in tumors. Together, scNanoGPS facilitates applications of single-cell long-read sequencing.

Published
2023

19. A Pulsar-Based Time-Scale from the International Pulsar Timing Array

Author

G. Hobbs, L. Guo, R. N. Caballero, W. Coles, K. J. Lee, R. N. Manchester, D. J. Reardon, D. Matsakis, M. L. Tong, Z Arzoumanian, M Bailes, C. G. Bassa, N. D. R. Bhat, A. Brazier, S. Burke-Spolaor, D. J. Champion, S. Chatterjee, I. Cognard, S. Dai, G. Desvignes, T Dolch, R. D. Ferdman, E. Graikou, L Guillemot, G H Janssen, M. J. Keith, M Kerr, M Kramer, M T Lam, K Liu, A Lyne, T J W Lazio, R Lynch, J W McKee, M A McLaughlin, C M F Mingarelli, D J Nice, S Oslowski, T T Pennucci, B B P Perera, D Perrodin, A Possenti, C J Russell, S Sanidas, A Sesana, G Shaifullah, R M Shannon, J Simon, R Spiewak, I H Stairs, B W Stappers, J K Swiggum, S R Taylor, G Theureau, L Toomey, R van Haasteren, J B Wang, Y Wang, and X J Zhu

Subjects
Astronomy
Abstract

We have constructed a new time-scale, TT(IPTA16), based on observations of radio pulsars presented in the first data release from the International Pulsar Timing Array (IPTA). We used two analysis techniques with independent estimates of the noise models for the pulsar observations and different algorithms for obtaining the pulsar time-scale. The two analyses agree within the estimated uncertainties and both agree with TT(BIPM17), a post-corrected time-scale produced by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). We show that both methods could detect significant errors in TT(BIPM17) if they were present. We estimate the stability of the atomic clocks from which TT(BIPM17) is derived using observations of four rubidium fountain clocks at the US Naval Observatory. Comparing the power spectrum of TT(IPTA16) with that of these fountain clocks suggests that pulsar-based time-scales are unlikely to contribute to the stability of the best time-scales over the next decade, but they will remain a valuable independent check on atomic time-scales. We also find that the stability of the pulsar-based time-scale is likely to be limited by our knowledge of solar-system dynamics, and that errors in TT(BIPM17) will not be a limiting factor for the primary goal of the IPTA, which is to search for the signatures of nano-Hertz gravitational waves.

Published
2019
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21. Prognostic importance of radiologic extranodal extension in nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated in a Canadian cohort

Author

Meredith Giuliani, Anais Tellier, Ezra Hahn, Brian O'Sullivan, Andrew Hope, John Kim, John Waldron, Jie Su, Olivia Chin, Aaron R. Hansen, Jolie Ringash, Scott V. Bratman, Wei Xu, Lillian L. Siu, Anna Spreafico, L. Tong, Ali Hosni, John Cho, Shao Hui Huang, and Eugene Yu

Subjects
Extranodal Extension, Canada, medicine.medical_specialty, Prognostic factor, Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, business.industry, Nodal mass, Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms, Hematology, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Gastroenterology, Oncology, Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Internal medicine, Cohort, medicine, Overall survival, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Stage (cooking), business, Neoplasm Staging, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

PURPOSE To confirm the prognostic value of radiologic extranodal extension (rENE) and its role in clinical-N classification in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated in a western institution. METHODS AND MATERIALS NPC treated between 2010 and 2017 were included. Pre-treatment MRI were reviewed for unequivocal rENE and its grade: grade-1: tumour invading through any nodal capsule but confined to perinodal fat; grade-2: ≥2 adjacent nodes forming a coalescent nodal mass; grade-3: tumour extending beyond perinodal fat to invade/encase adjacent structures. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were compared between rENE-positive (rENE+) and rENE-negative (rENE-) patients. Multivariable analysis (MVA) confirmed the prognostic importance of rENE and its grade. Staging schemas including rENE in N-classification were proposed and their performance evaluated. RESULTS A total of 274 patients were eligible (43 cN0; 231 cN-positive). rENE was identified in 83/231 (36%) cN-positive, including grade 1/2/3 rENE in 14/58/11 cases. Compared to rENE-, rENE+ patients had a lower OS (68% vs 89%, p

Published
2021
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25. [Consensus of Chinese experts on hysteroscopy day surgery center set-up and management process]

Author

J L, Tong, G H, Zhu, D W, Sun, D, Lu, Y F, Cheng, H, Chen, L J, Pei, X, Yin, W D, Zhou, W, Zhang, D, Ling, X, Xie, X, Tan, Y J, Zhu, X M, Wu, C Y, Hu, H, Li, Y, Wang, J Y, Fan, X M, Jia, T Y, Zhu, L M, Chen, H Y, Guo, S J, Zhao, S, Wang, S W, Feng, X Y, He, Y G, Chi, X L, Sun, J H, Lang, L, Sui, and Lan, Zhu

Abstract

日间宫腔镜手术是指患者一日内且不过夜入、出院完成的宫腔镜手术，设置日间宫腔镜手术中心是适应现代医院发展模式的重大转变。全国有资质的各级医疗机构以不同形式和规模在开展日间宫腔镜手术，但尚缺乏统一的制度流程和规范。本共识以国际日间手术学会和中国日间手术合作联盟发布的相关文献为参考，结合中国开展日间手术成熟的医疗机构的制度流程，从日间宫腔镜手术中心的设置、管理制度、管理流程到质量控制以及并发症的处理及转运给予了共识性建议，同时，对医疗、护理和麻醉三个维度的评估和相关问题处理制定了规范化流程。.

Published
2022

27. The Potential Impact and Usability of the Eighth Edition TNM Staging Classification in Oral Cavity Cancer

Author

Ali Hosni, John Cho, Wei Xu, J. Kim, Jonathan C. Irish, Jolie Ringash, Patrick J. Gullane, Scott V. Bratman, Andrew Hope, David P. Goldstein, L. Tong, Ralph W. Gilbert, K. Chiu, Lin Lu, Andrew Bayley, John Waldron, Anna Spreafico, Shao Hui Huang, Meredith Giuliani, and Brian O'Sullivan

Subjects
Potential impact, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Head and neck cancer, Cancer, Prognosis, Oral cavity, medicine.disease, Radiation therapy, Oncology, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Humans, Medicine, TNM Staging, Mouth Neoplasms, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Radiology, Stage (cooking), business, Pathological, Neoplasm Staging, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

In the current eighth edition head and neck TNM staging, extranodal extension (ENE) is an adverse feature in oral cavity squamous cell cancer (OSCC). The previous seventh edition N1 with ENE is now staged as N2a. Seventh edition N2+ with ENE is staged as N3b in the eighth edition. We evaluated its potential impact on patients treated with surgery and postoperative intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).OSCC patients treated with primary surgery and adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy between January 2005 and December 2014 were reviewed. Cohorts with pathological node-negative (pN-), pathological node-positive without ENE (pN+_pENE-) and pathological node-positive with ENE (pN+_pENE+) diseases were compared for local control, regional control, distant control and overall survival. The pN+ cohorts were further stratified into seventh edition N-staging subgroups for outcomes comparison.In total, 478 patients were evaluated: 173 pN-; 159 pN+_pENE-; 146 pN+_pENE+. Outcomes at 5 years were: local control was identical (78%) in all cohorts (P = 0.892), whereas regional control was 91%, 80% and 68%, respectively (P0.001). Distant control was 97%, 87%, 68% (P0.001) and overall survival was 75%, 53% and 39% (P0.001), respectively. Overall survival for N1 and N2a subgroups was not significantly different. In the seventh edition N2b subgroup of pENE- (n = 79) and pENE+ (n = 79) cohorts, overall survival was 67% and 37%, respectively. In the seventh edition N2c subgroups, overall survival for pENE- (n = 17) and pENE+ (n = 38) cohorts was 65% and 35% (P = 0.08), respectively. Overall, an additional 128 patients (42% pN+) were upstaged as N3b.When eighth edition staging was applied, stage migration across the N2-3 categories resulted in expected larger separations of overall survival by stage. Patients treated with primary radiation without surgical staging should have outcomes carefully monitored. Strategies to predict ENE preoperatively and trials to improve the outcomes of pENE+ patients should be explored.

Published
2021
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29. Incidence of Sinus Inflammation After Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery in the Pediatric Population

Author

Laura E. Henry, Jacob G. Eide, Rijul S. Kshirsagar, Charles C. L. Tong, Edward C. Kuan, Seerat K. Poonia, Phillip B. Storm, James N. Palmer, and Nithin D. Adappa

Subjects
Otorhinolaryngology
Abstract

The extended endonasal approach has been utilized in the resection of anterior skull base lesions in the pediatric population. There are unique challenges to these patients in the post-operative setting, including patient compliance with medical therapy and post-operative debridements, and a smaller nasal airway that may increase propensity toward scarring. Our objective for this study is to evaluate the incidence of post-operative radiographic inflammation in this patient population using the Lund-Mackay (LM) score.A single-center, retrospective review of pediatric patients undergoing endoscopic approach to the skull base between 2009 and 2021 was performed. Demographic and clinicopathologic data and pre- and post-operative imaging were analyzed. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey multiple pairwise comparisons statistical tests were used to compare mean LM scores between groups.Seventy-two patients (52 males, 20 females) were identified with a median follow-up of 27 months. All patients underwent an extended endonasal approach for resection of skull base lesions. The mean LM scores were compared between pre-operative MRI, first post-operative MRI 30 days after surgery, and most recent post-operative MRI. One-way ANOVA was performed with significant differences noted between the groups (p 0.001). Tukey multiple pairwise comparisons test was then performed and noted significant differences between the pre-operative and first post-operative LM (p 0.0001) and the first post-operative and most recent LM (p 0.0001). There was no significant difference noted between the pre-operative LM score and most recent LM score (p = 0.14).Despite concerns regarding possible subsequent development of chronic rhinosinusitis following endoscopic skull base surgery in pediatric patients, the current study suggests that transient radiographic evidence of sinus inflammation can be seen up to six months postoperatively, which appears to resolve by approximately two years after surgery.4 Laryngoscope, 2022.

Published
2022
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32. Head and neck imaging surveillance strategy for HPV-positive oropharyngeal carcinoma following definitive (chemo)radiotherapy

Author

Andrew Hope, John Kim, Vincent Persaud, Jie Su, Brian O'Sullivan, Aaron R. Hansen, Meredith Giuliani, John Waldron, Anna Spreafico, Wei Xu, Shao Hui Huang, Ali Hosni, L. Tong, John Cho, David P. Goldstein, Eugene Yu, Erin T. Wong, Jolie Ringash, Scott V. Bratman, and John R. de Almeida

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Population, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Head and neck, education, Lymph node, Retrospective Studies, Chemo-radiotherapy, education.field_of_study, business.industry, HPV Positive, Carcinoma, Papillomavirus Infections, Chemoradiotherapy, Hematology, Radiation therapy, Oropharyngeal Neoplasms, medicine.anatomical_structure, Oncology, Oropharyngeal Carcinoma, Head and Neck Neoplasms, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Radiology, business
Abstract

To describe the utilization pattern of head and neck (HN) surveillance imaging and explore the optimal strategy for radiologic "residual" lymph node (LN) surveillance following definitive (chemo)radiotherapy (RT/CRT) in human papillomavirus (HPV)+ oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC).All HPV+ OPC patients who completed RT/CRT from 2012 to 2015 were included. Schedule and rationale for post-treatment HN-CT/MRI were recorded. Imaging findings and oncologic outcomes were evaluated.A total of 1036 scans in 412 patients were reviewed: 414 scans for first post-treatment response assessment and 622 scans for the following reasons: follow-up of radiologic "residual" LN(s) (293 scans/175 patients); local symptoms (227/146); other (17/16); unknown (85/66). Rate of scans with "unstated" reason varied significantly among clinicians (3-28%, p 0.001) and none of them yielded any positive imaging findings. First post-treatment scans identified 192 (47%) patients with radiologic "residual" LNs. Neck dissection (ND) was performed in 28 patients: 16 immediately (6/16 positive), 10 after one follow-up scan (2/10 positive), and 2 after 2nd follow-up scan (1/2 positive). Thirty patients had2 consecutive follow-up scans at 2-3-month intervals, and none showed subsequent imaging progression or regional failure.Pattern of HN imaging utilization for surveillance varied significantly among clinicians. Imaging surveillance reduces the need for ND. However, routine HN-CT/MR surveillance without clinical symptoms/signs does not demonstrate proven value in identifying locoregional failure or toxicity. Radiologic "residual" LNs without adverse features are common. If two subsequent follow-up scans demonstrate stable/regressing radiologic "residual" LNs, clinical surveillance without further imaging appears to be safe in this population.

Published
2021
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35. [Clinical pathway for diagnosis and management of endometrial polyps]

Author

J L, Tong, L M, Feng, F X, Xue, D H, Shen, M, Hao, R X, Guo, X F, Huang, S, Deng, D B, Xu, J D, Song, G, Wang, L, Zhu, Y Q, Chen, Y, Feng, and J H, Lang

Subjects
Uterine Diseases, Polyps, Pregnancy, Uterine Neoplasms, Critical Pathways, Humans, Female, Hysteroscopy, Endometrial Neoplasms, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

子宫内膜息肉是常见的子宫内膜良性病变之一，可发生于青春期后的任何年龄，患病率随年龄增加而增高，其常见症状为异常子宫出血、不孕，或无明显症状。本临床诊疗路径以循证医学证据为基础，以临床规范诊疗为目的，建立从子宫内膜息肉高危因素的识别、临床诊断、病理分型到治疗再到患者的长期管理、宣教的诊疗流程路径，给予临床医师共识性的指导建议，旨在为广大妇产科医师提供子宫内膜息肉临床诊疗的可行性和规范性流程。.

Published
2022

39. Mass casualty management

Author

Jeffrey L. Tong

Subjects
Emergency Medical Services, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, business.industry, Humans, Mass Casualty Incidents, Medicine, Disaster Planning, Mass Casualty, Medical emergency, business, medicine.disease
Published
2021
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41. GGCX mutations in a patient with overlapping pseudoxanthoma elasticum/cutis laxa‐like phenotype

Author

Philip L. Tong, Leila Youssefian, E. Oliphant, Nikolas K. Haass, D. Li, Qiaoli Li, Jouni Uitto, S F Terry, E. Ryu, and Amir Hossein Saeidian

Subjects
Adult, Heterozygote, Coagulation Factor Deficiency, ABCC6, Dermatology, Alpha-thalassemia, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Cutis Laxa, Article, Young Adult, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Exon, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum, Mutation, medicine.disease, Pseudoxanthoma elasticum, Molecular biology, Phenotype, Mutation testing, biology.protein, Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins, Cutis laxa
Abstract

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a multisystem disorder characterized by ectopic mineralization of connective tissues with primary manifestations in the skin, eyes and the cardiovascular system. The classic forms of PXE are caused by mutations in the ABCC6 gene encoding the ABCC6 protein, expressed primarily in the liver. Cutis laxa (CL) manifests with loose and sagging skin with loss of recoil. In 2009 we investigated a 19-year-old patient with overlapping cutaneous features of PXE and CL, together with alpha thalassaemia. Genetic analysis failed to identify pathogenic mutations in ABCC6. More recently we developed a gene-targeted panel of next-generation sequencing technology. This panel has 29 genes, 22 of which, including ABCC6 and GGCX, are associated with ectopic mineralization phenotypes. Mutation analysis in the patient identified two heterozygous GGCX mutations: c.200_201delTT in exon 2 and c.763GA, p.V255M in exon 7. The GGCX gene encodes a γ-glutamyl carboxylase necessary for activation of blood coagulation factors in the liver. The p.V255M mutation was previously reported to result in reduced γ-glutamyl carboxylase activity in vitro, while the c.200_201delTT mutation is novel. Previous studies reported that mutations in GGCX cause overlapping PXE/CL skin phenotypes in association with or without multiple vitamin K-dependent coagulation factor deficiency. Our patient had loose redundant skin, moderate-to-severe angioid streaks and characteristic calcification of elastic structures in the mid dermis, consistent with PXE/CL overlap, but no coagulation abnormalities. Our studies expand the GGCX mutation landscape in patients with PXE-like phenotypes.

Published
2020
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42. Accuracy of ultrasound in the characterisation of deep soft tissue masses: a prospective study

Author

Jason Leung, Ryan K. L. Lee, James F. Griffith, Raymond Fong, Stefanie W. Y. Yip, Cina S. L. Tong, Alex W. H. Ng, and Esther H. Y. Hung

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Soft Tissue Neoplasm, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Ultrasound, Soft tissue, Interventional radiology, General Medicine, Malignancy, medicine.disease, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Radiology, Differential diagnosis, Medical diagnosis, business, Neuroradiology
Abstract

To investigate the accuracy of ultrasound in characterising the type of mass and likelihood of malignancy in deep soft tissue masses. Five hundred seventy-nine deep soft tissue masses were prospectively studied by ultrasound. Masses (n = 137) with prior MRI or CT were not included. Following ultrasound examination, the likely nature of the mass as well as the confidence of the reporting radiologist (‘fully confident’ versus ‘not fully confident’) about the ultrasound diagnosis was recorded. Clinical and ultrasound diagnoses were compared with the histological diagnosis which was available in 134 (23%) of the 579 masses. Compared with histology, clinical and ultrasound accuracy for characterising the type of mass were 47% and 88% respectively when all differential diagnoses were considered. The radiologist was fully confident regarding the type of 436 (75%) of 579 masses and, in this setting, for those cases that could be compared with histology, diagnostic accuracy was 96%. For the remaining masses, where the radiologist was not fully confident, accuracy compared with histology was 58% for the first differential diagnosis and 80% for all differential diagnoses. For identifying malignancy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value of ultrasound were 97%, 58%, 67%, and 99% respectively. Ultrasound alone was considered sufficient for diagnostic workup in over half of all deep soft tissue masses. Ultrasound is useful at characterising and recognising malignancy in deep soft tissue masses. Provided local practice patterns are favourable, ultrasound may be considered a first-line investigation in the diagnostic workup of deep soft tissue masses. • In three-quarters of cases, one can be fully confident about characterising the nature of deep soft tissue masses on ultrasound and, for those fully confident cases that could be compared with histology, the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound was 96%. • Ultrasound can correctly recognise nearly all malignant deep soft tissue masses but some benign masses will also be considered possibly malignant. • Ultrasound alone was considered sufficient for imaging workup in over half of deep soft tissue masses.

Published
2020
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43. Durable therapeutic gain despite competing mortality in long-term follow-up of a randomized hyperfractionated radiotherapy trial for locally advanced head and neck cancer

Author

Thomas J. Keane, Padraig Warde, Shao Hui Huang, Brian O'Sullivan, Bernard Cummings, L. Tong, Patrick J. Gullane, Fei-Fei Liu, Jie Su, John Waldron, David Payne, and Wei Xu

Subjects
Larynx, Competing mortality, medicine.medical_specialty, Long term follow up, medicine.medical_treatment, Locally advanced, R895-920, Gastroenterology, Article, law.invention, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Internal medicine, medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Stage (cooking), Head and neck cancer, Long-term follow-up, RC254-282, Radiotherapy, business.industry, Cancer, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, medicine.disease, Radiation therapy, medicine.anatomical_structure, Oncology, Hyperfractionation, business
Abstract

Highlights • Hyperfractionated RT with augmented dose provides durable enhanced disease control. • Late toxicity is unchanged with higher optimal doses using smaller fraction sizes. • Hyperfractionation improves overall survival but mortality profile evolves over time. • Altered fractionation should avoid unnecessary RT protraction to maximize control. • Excessive acceleration should be avoided to minimize severe normal tissue sequelae., Purpose/objective(s) To examine the therapeutic ratio and mortality profile over time in a radiotherapy randomized trial in stage III-IV larynx/pharynx cancer with long-term follow-up. Materials/methods From 1988 to 1995, 331 cases were randomized to either hyperfractionated (HF) (58 Gy/40 fractions, twice daily) or conventional (CF) (51 Gy/20 fractions, once daily) radiotherapy. Overall survival (OS), locoregional (LRC), distant control (DC), ≥Grade 3 late toxicity (LT), and relative mortality risk profile over time were compared between both arms. Results Median follow-up was 13.6 years. HF had a 10% improved OS at 5-years (40% vs 30%, p = 0.04), but the benefit diminished to 3% at 10-years (21% vs 18%). A trend towards higher LRC with HF remained (5-year: 49% vs 40%; 10-year: 49% vs 39%, p = 0.05). DC rates were unchanged (5-year: 87% vs 85%; 10-year: 87 vs 84%, p = 0.56). LT rates were similar (HF vs CF: 5-year: 9% vs 12%; 10-year: 11% vs 14%, p = 0.27). Multivariable analysis confirmed that HF reduced mortality risk by 31% [HR 0.69 (0.55–0.88), p

Published
2020

44. Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of endoscopic sinus surgery after endoscopic skull‐base surgery

Author

Alan D. Workman, Vasiliki Triantafillou, Ravi R. Shah, Edward C. Kuan, Neil N. Patel, Michael A. Kohanski, Charles C. L. Tong, Ivy W. Maina, Bert W. O'Malley, James J. Palmer, and Nithin D. Adappa

Subjects
Paranasal Sinus Neoplasm, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Skull Base Neoplasm, Risk Factors, Paranasal Sinuses, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, Sinusitis, Retrospective Studies, Rhinitis, Skull Base, business.industry, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), Endoscopy, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Surgery, Radiation therapy, Skull, Treatment Outcome, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030228 respiratory system, Otorhinolaryngology, Chronic Disease, Outcomes research, business
Abstract

BACKGROUND Patients undergoing endoscopic resection of neoplasms with both sinonasal and skull base involvement can develop chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) after treatment and may occasionally benefit from additional endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). We investigate risk factors and outcomes associated with revision ESS (rESS) after endoscopic skull-base surgery (SBS) for neoplasms with combined sinonasal and skull base involvement. METHODS A retrospective review of patients with neoplasms with both sinonasal and skull base involvement who underwent endoscopic resection at a single tertiary care academic institution from 2004 through 2017 was performed. Eighty-three patients were included. Main outcome measures included incidence and timing of revision surgery, Lund-Mackay (LM) scores, and 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) scores. RESULTS rESS was performed in 21 (25%) cases, 15 (18%) of which were due to CRS. Time between initial resection and rESS was an average of 42 months (range, 6 to 142 months). Pre-SBS and post-SBS LM scores were not significantly different (5.0 vs 4.7, p = 0.640), although pre-SBS and post-SBS SNOT-22 scores showed significant improvement (32.6 vs 24.5, p = 0.030). Malignant pathology correlated with need for rESS (odds ratio [OR] 5.07, p = 0.04), as well as treatment including chemotherapy (OR 5.10, p = 0.003) and radiation (OR 4.15, p = 0.013). CONCLUSION A significant proportion of patients develop clinically significant sinusitis after endoscopic SBS for neoplasms with combined sinonasal and skull base involvement and may benefit from rESS. Intervention occurred, on average, 3.5 years after initial tumor resection. Malignant pathology, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy correlate with need for rESS.

Published
2020
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45. Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Contemporary Management and Patient Outcomes

Author

Jacob G. Eide, Kevin C. Welch, Nithin D. Adappa, James N. Palmer, and Charles C. L. Tong

Subjects
Cancer Research, Oncology
Abstract

Inverted papillomas (IP) are the most common sinonasal tumor with a tendency for recurrence, potential attachment to the orbit and skull base, and risk of malignant degeneration into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). While the overall rate of recurrence has decreased with the widespread adoption of high-definition endoscopic optics and advanced surgical tools, there remain challenges in managing tumors that are multiply recurrent or involve vital neurovascular structures. Here, we review the state-of-the-art diagnostic tools for IP and IP-degenerated SCC, contemporary surgical management, and propose a surveillance protocol.

Published
2022

47. Fast atom-trap analysis of

Author

Amin L, Tong, Ji-Qiang, Gu, Ze-Hua, Jia, Guo-Min, Yang, Shui-Ming, Hu, Wei, Jiang, Zheng-Tian, Lu, Florian, Ritterbusch, and Liang-Ting, Sun

Abstract

We demonstrate fast analysis of

Published
2022

48. Abstract 2069: ScNanoGPS: A robust tool for simultaneous calculation of same-cell genotypes and phenotypes from single cell long read transcriptomes

Author

Cheng-Kai Shiau, Lina Lu, Rachel Kieser, Kazutaka Fukumura, Timothy Pan, Hsiao-Yun Lin, Jie Yang, Eric L. Tong, GaHyun Lee, Yuanqing Yan, Jason T. Huse, and Ruli Gao

Subjects
Cancer Research, Oncology
Abstract

Single-cell Nanopore sequencing of full-length mRNAs is transforming single-cell multi-omics studies. However, challenges include computational complexity and dependence on short-read curation. To address this, we developed a comprehensive toolkit, scNanoGPS to compute same-cell genotype and phenotype without short-read guidance. We applied scNanoGPS onto 23,587 long-read transcriptomes from 4 tumors and 2 cell lines. Standalone, scNanoGPS accurately deconvoluted error-prone long reads into single cells and single molecules. Further, scNanoGPS simultaneously accessed both phenotypes (expressions/isoforms) and genotypes (single nucleotide variants) of individual cells. Our analyses revealed that tumor and stroma/immune cells often expressed significantly distinct combinations of isoforms. In a kidney tumor, we identified 924 genes with distinct combinations of isoforms involved in cell-type-specific functions such as PDE10A in tumor cells and CCL3 in lymphocytes. Moreover, transcriptome-wide mutation analyses identified many cell-type-specific mutations including VEGFA mutations in tumor cells and HLA-A mutations in immune cells, highlighting critical roles of different populations in tumors. In summary, scNanoGPS facilitates applications of single-cell long-read sequencing. Citation Format: Cheng-Kai Shiau, Lina Lu, Rachel Kieser, Kazutaka Fukumura, Timothy Pan, Hsiao-Yun Lin, Jie Yang, Eric L. Tong, GaHyun Lee, Yuanqing Yan, Jason T. Huse, Ruli Gao. ScNanoGPS: A robust tool for simultaneous calculation of same-cell genotypes and phenotypes from single cell long read transcriptomes [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 2069.

Published
2023
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