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The article presents a clinical case of long-term complete remission after combined treatment in patient with metastasis of ovarian cancer in the brain. Duration of remission after treatment was more than 7 years.

The article reviewed literature data relating to the methods used for detection of single tumor cells in bone marrow, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood. Sensitivity of modern detection methods is analyzed. Despite advances in the development of molecular biology and cytology, until now there is no universal approach to the micrometastases identification, and existing methods optimization are recommended.

This paper analyzes large amounts of literature data on studies of the efficiency of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) for advanced ovarian cancer (OC), which is performed prior to standard surgery. Clinical trials have demonstrated that a NCT regimen followed by cytoreductive surgery is less effective than primary cytoreductive one; however, evidence for the benefit of NCT is lacking so far. The authors conducted investigations using the intraoperative material obtained from 17 patients with T3a–cNxM0 OC, who were divided for a comparative examination into 2 groups. Group 1 included OC patents who received NCT; Group 2 comprised OC patients who did not. The tumor cells obtained from the intraoperative material of both groups were able to generate a well-proliferating culture in in vitro experiments. The cultured OC cells were characterized, by analyzing cytological specimens and the functional activity of these cells. It was ascertained that 35 % of the cultured tumor cells from OC retained their resistance to the cytotoxic action of effector cells (autologous lymphocytes) at a target cell/effector cell ratio of 1:5. Thus, both the literature and the experiment provide no unambiguous evidence supporting the fact that NCT before cytoreductive surgery is a better approach than primary surgical treatment. The optimal regimen of NCT, which would be able to enhance its efficiency, remains important.

More and more data suggest that ovarian cancer (OC) is an immunogenic tumor. Clinical trials dealing with immunotherapy based on activated natural killer (NK) cells and dendritic cells (DC) are under way. Mononuclear cells (MNCs) from both peripheral blood and lymph nodes (LN) are proposed to be used as a source of immunity effectors. This paper characterizes peripheral blood and LN effector cells in patients with OC. The peripheral blood displayed T cell subpopulations: T helper cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and NK cells. LN showed virtually no expression of NK cell antigens, but exhibited the expression of markers of DC and T regulatory cells at the same time. The cytotoxic activity of MNCs against autologous tumor cells was higher than that against the K562 cell line. OC tissue samples were observed to contain low tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte counts.

According to data from World Health Organization (WHO) the median duration of life of the world population has been increasing over the last years.In Russia, the proportion of women among the population aged 70 years and over account for 75%.One of the investigations included 457 patients with morphologically verified ovarian carcinoma (OC) who had received treatment from 1990 to 1999. Among them 304 patients were over 60 years old and 153 patients were under 45 years old.Yet long-term results of treatment of elderly patients with ovarian cancer are considerably worse than that of the younger patients. Five- year survival of elderly and younger patients with OC were 34,6% and 14%, respectively, and median survival were 40,92,2 and 18,9 0,8 months.Other group included 510 patients with morphologically verified cervical cancer. Among them 259 patients were at ages over 60 and 251 patients were at ages under 45 years. Overall, the complication rate after combined modality treatment was 1,5 times higher in elderly patients in comparison with younger patients.Thereby, the age of the patients is an important factor, which determines the course and prognosis of the cancer of the female repro- ductive organs. The treatment of elderly onco-gynecologic patients requires thorough assessment, preoperative preparation, individual adjustment of the dose intensity of chemo- and radiotherapy, as well as the prophylaxis and treatment of possible and developed com- plications.

Adenosquamous cell carcinoma of the cervix is a rare form of cancer of the cervix. Because of the small number of observations adenosquamous cell carcinoma of the cervix remains poorly understood disease, although the first mention of it dates back to 1956, when A. Glucksmann, and C.D. Cherry first described of mixed carcinoma (adenoacanthoma) of the uterine cervix.

In the last decade, accumulated evidence in favor of that ovarian cancer is an immunogenic tumor. Immunotherapy is aimed at stimulating the innate and adaptive immunity, may cause an effective response in patients with ovarian cancer. Various approaches immunotherapy include cytokinetherapy, use of monoclonal antibodies and cell therapy.

More than 50% of all cancers are known to occur in women above 60 years of age. It is difficult to choose a method for their treatment. Fifty hundred and ten women with Stages I—III cervical cancer who had been treated with surgery, radiotherapy and complex treat- ments were followed up.

The functional properties of serum albumin were examined in patients with ovarian cancer and benign ovarian tumors. The findings make it possible to recommend that the albumin conformation index should be determined for the early diagnosis of ovarian cancer and for evaluation of its treatment.