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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurological disorder with complex interindividual etiology that is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide. Elevated alpha-synuclein levels can increase risk of PD and may influence epigenetic regulation of PD pathways. Here, we report genome-wide DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation alterations associated with overexpression of two PD-linked alpha-synuclein variants (wild-type and A30P) in LUHMES cells differentiated to dopaminergic neurons. Alpha-synuclein altered DNA methylation at thousands of CpGs and DNA hydroxymethylation at hundreds of CpGs in both genotypes, primarily in locomotor behavior and glutamate signaling pathway genes. In some cases, epigenetic changes were associated with transcription. SMITE network analysis incorporating H3K4me1 ChIP-seq to score DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation changes across promoters, enhancers, and gene bodies confirmed epigenetic and transcriptional deregulation of glutamate signaling modules in both genotypes. Our results identify distinct and shared impacts of alpha-synuclein variants on the epigenome, and associate alpha-synuclein with the epigenetic etiology of PD.

Natural killer (NK) cells participate in early immune defenses against pathogens and tumors and play a major role as immune effector and regulatory cells. The NK cell-mediated elimination of an infected or cancerous cell is a highly regulated process that requires the formation of a cell contact, the establishment of an immunological synapse and the polarization and release of lytic granules. Additionally, the detachment of NK cells from target cells is important for NK cells to bind and kill other cells in a process called serial killing. However, very little is known about this detachment process. Here, we show that NK detachment is directly connected to the successful killing of a target cell. The inhibition of killing due to reduced NK cell cytotoxicity or increased target cell resistance results in defective detachment and prolonged contact times. This effect leads to sustained Ca(2+) flux in NK cells and the hypersecretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Linking defective cytotoxicity with enhanced cytokine secretion via reduced detachment may explain inflammatory pathologies in several diseases.

The Bridge Consortium was formed in 2003/04 for the express purpose of sharing library materials between Carleton and St. Olaf Colleges more efficiently. The first step was the decision by the libraries to adopt a single shared library system. The success of this endeavor set the stage for a much deeper level of collaboration between the two institutions. A consortium governance structure was established, which included working groups to manage and develop shared operations in key functional areas. Through these working groups, policies and procedures were developed to guide Bridge Consortium work, and new initiatives were developed to broaden the scope of collaboration. Since then, the combined staffs of the Carleton and St. Olaf Libraries have expanded the range of resources available to faculty, staff and students on both campuses, improved search and retrieval of materials, and provided comparable user services and experiences.

As an undergraduate at Harvard University, Bayard L. Kilgour (’27) developed a life-long interest in Russia. Kilgour made numerous trips to Soviet Russia where he placed special emphasis on acquiring books, paintings, and other decorative artwork. His passion for Russia is witnessed through his philanthropic endeavors both to the Harvard University Libraries and to the Cincinnati Art Museum. In addition to donations of books and other artifacts, Mr. Kilgour provided endowments for the continued acquisition of Slavic materials to ensure that the collections he established continue to develop and grow.

The University of Kansas Libraries recently completed work on a U.S. Department of Education Title VI Technological Innovation and Cooperation for Foreign Information Access (TICFIA) grant to develop a digital database of 60 federal and regional guides to Russian archives. This project was completed by working in cooperation with Rosarkhiv, the Russian federal agency that oversees the country's archives. The database itself was completed through a close working relationship between the University of Kansas Libraries and East View Information Services, a commercial vendor that has developed numerous successful Russian-language electronic databases. The article provides an overview on how digitization projects, such as the Russian Archives Database, can be accomplished in a cost-effective manner through this type of public/private partnership.

The adsorption of anionic, carboxyl functionalized latex particles, recharged by a cationic surfactant acting as fabric softener/conditioner, to a cellulose surface was investigated with evanescent wave video microscopy. This technique allows to monitor the deposition and release of individual particles in real-time with an excellent selectivity and sensitivity. Since the recharged particles and the conditioner compete for the free surface, the initial deposition rate and final surface coverage are found to be strongly dependent on the ratio of particle and conditioner concentrations.

East Central European libraries face a serious threat of the potential disintegration of the vast majority of Slavic publications printed in the twentieth century. This loss will come as result of the combination of inferior materials used to produce most twentieth-century Slavic publications and inadequate facilities to house these collections. In an effort to gain a better understanding of the condition of Slavic publications, over the past two years, the authors have conducted collection condition surveys and reviewed the preservation operations of three major academic libraries in L’viv, Ukraine, and Sofia, Bulgaria. This paper presents the results of these surveys.

SUMMARY The paper examines options and procedures for evaluating the physical conditions of Slavic and East Central European publications in libraries. The study concentrates on paper quality, since a large percentage of all materials published in East Central Europe and the countries of the former Soviet Union are at risk since they were printed on acidic paper. The author outlines preservation issues and provides basic instructions for evaluating collections. Such evaluations provide essential information necessary if a library is to develop an organized preservation plan for its collections. The paper outlines a simple program developed at the University of Kansas Libraries to evaluate the degree of risk in collections.

This article examines the impact of electronic technology on libraries and scholarship. It focuses on some of the challenges of using electronic resources in research libraries, which include the cost of acquiring electronic formats and the effect that such expenditures have on other library services and collection development practices. The article also explores how electronic resources have changed the way students and scholars conduct research. The goal of this essay is not to criticize or condemn electronic formats but, rather, to illustrate that electronic technology is simply one tool, among others, for the dissemination of information. As such, electronic resources should complement rather than replace other formats.

Dans le contexte general de la cooperation pour le developpement des collections dans les bibliotheques, l'A. s'interesse a des projets de collaboration a petite echelle, centres sur un probleme specifique : le developpement des collections slaves aux Etats-Unis. Le premier programme est un accord sur l'echange de livres slaves en double ; le deuxieme, Slavcopy, un projet pour la preservation a moindre cout des livres slaves fragiles ; le dernier, une entente de consortium entre cinq bibliotheques universitaires pour l'acquisition d'une base de donnees slave. L'evaluation de ces trois programmes permet a l'auteur d'etablir les conditions de succes d'un projet de collaboration entre bibliotheques.

One of the greatest challenges facing area studies librarians today is preservation of collections. Area studies collections in libraries, the backbone of international studies programs for most colleges and universities in North America, are in danger. Most materials in these collections were published on acidic paper and poorly bound leaving them susceptible to rapid deterioration. Slavic collections, for example, appear to be in dire need of preservation treatment, but there is very little hard data on the scope of the problem. This research project, conducted at the University of Kansas Libraries, is the first step toward gaining a better understanding of the overall condition of Slavic collections. A survey of the Slavic holdings was conducted to provide statistical information on their physical condition. Results of the survey reveal that the condition of these collections should be cause for serious concern. However, the problems are not so great that they cannot be overcome through careful preservation planning and interlibrary cooperation.

Objective To determine the histopathologic effects of meconium on human umbilical artery and vein. Methods Umbilical cords from six patients with uncomplicated, singleton, term gestations were obtained immediately after delivery. One centimeter segments from each cord were flushed, isolated, placed in either modified Krebs solution alone or modified Krebs solution with various concentrations (1%, 10%, or 25%) of fresh meconium, and then incubated at pH 7.2, temperature 37°C, PCO2 50–55 mmHg, PO2 40–45 mmHg for 1, 6, 12, or 24 h. The specimens were then fixed, stained, and examined under light microscopy. Results Umbilical arteries exhibited focal vacuolation of the endothelium after exposure of the cord to meconium. Umbilical veins revealed: 1) endothelial loss proportionate to the meconium concentration at all intervals (P < 0.05), 2) increased density or focal absence of the internal elastic lamina, and 3) focal loss of myocyte nuclei. Rare nonpigmented macrophages and increased mast cells were identified in the Wharton's jelly. Conclusions Exposure to meconium in vitro results in histopathologic changes in the umbilical artery and vein. J. Matern.-Fetal Med. 6:356–361, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

The authors set out to evaluate the use of the autopsy in an urban public teaching hospital setting during the AIDS era. Demographic and length of hospital stay data were obtained from weekly mortality review reports on all patients dying on the medicine service between 1/1/92 and 12/31/93. Clinical and autopsy diagnoses were compared for those patients who had autopsies. The autopsy rate was 16% (152/974). Significant, unsuspected diagnoses were found in 35% (53/152) of the cases, with infections, pulmonary emboli, and myocardial infarctions being most common. Human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients had a greater percentage of unsuspected findings (55%, 23/42), and many of these also were from an infectious etiology. The authors conclude that valuable, unsuspected information frequently can be obtained from autopsies in this clinical setting.

Although there are no aggregate commercial products devoted solely to Ukrainian news, there are a number of newspapers and free aggregate sites available on the web that provide solid coverage of Ukraine. The author reviews several of them.

L'auteur presente un guide d'acquisition/annulation destine a aider les bibliothecaires dans leur choix entre poursuite ou annulation d'abonnement- choix a effectuer dans un contexte d'augmentation continue des prix

Transgenic mice were generated by coinjection of a dominant marker gene that induces fur and eye pigmentation (a tyrosinase minigene) plus an unrelated DNA construction that has a gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma GT) promoter linked to a ras oncogene. Mice transgenic for gamma GT-ras could be identified in the first and all subsequent generations by simple visual inspection for pigmentation. Furthermore, the gamma-glutamyl transferase promoter was active in kidney but not skin of the transgenic mice, indicating that the cointegrated DNA was active and independently expressed. These results confirm that the tyrosinase minigene can be used for coinjections to allow rapid visual identification of transgenic mice.

2,4-Diaminotoluene reactant: 45.5 g. (0.25 mole) of 2,4-dinitrotoluene intermediate: sulfate of 2,4-diaminotoluene product: 2,4-Diaminotoluene Keywords: reduction, NO2 NH2

This paper presents the results of a qualitative study of 26 runaways in a rural New England shelter. Runaway behavior was viewed from the perspective of the teenagers themselves. The findings challenge popular notions that run-aways are incorrigible delinquents who want to leave home, that the decision is impulsive, and that they hope never to return. Rather, many of the teenaged runaways left home in search of freedom from what they considered abusive treatment, whether physical, sexual, or emotional. Running away was found to be "last resort" behavior-teenagers' accounts yielded evidence that they struggled with the decision to run away. Nor was running away necessarily an irreparable break with family; many youths expressed the desire for reconciliation. Thus, running away was revealed to be a dynamic emotional experience for youths, which reflected changes in their social bonds with family, peers, and adults in the educational, legal, and medical systems.

To determine the histopathologic effects of meconium on human umbilical artery and vein.Umbilical cords from six patients with uncomplicated, singleton, term gestations were obtained immediately after delivery. One centimeter segments from each cord were flushed, isolated, placed in either modified Krebs solution alone or modified Krebs solution with various concentrations (1%, 10%, or 25%) of fresh meconium, and then incubated at pH 7.2, temperature 37 degrees C, PCO2 50-55 mmHg, PO2 40-45 mmHg for 1, 6, 12, or 24 h. The specimens were then fixed, stained, and examined under light microscopy.Umbilical arteries exhibited focal vacuolation of the endothelium after exposure of the cord to meconium. Umbilical veins revealed: 1) endothelial loss proportionate to the meconium concentration at all intervals (P0.05), 2) increased density or focal absence of the internal elastic lamina, and 3) focal loss of myocyte nuclei. Rare nonpigmented macrophages and increased mast cells were identified in the Wharton's jelly.Exposure to meconium in vitro results in histopathologic changes in the umbilical artery and vein.

Currently, 1,721,700 women are living with breast cancer in the United States. As the number of survivors of breast cancer continues to rise, so must our knowledge about unique quality-of-life concerns. This article reports the results of a study on quality of life in women with breast cancer and validates the model of quality of life in this population.To explore these concerns and to validate a breast cancer quality-of-life model, 21 survivors of breast cancer, across three age strata (younger than 40 years, 40 to 60 years, and older than 60 years), were interviewed and asked to complete quantitative surveys on pain and quality of life.Across all age groups, unique issues of survivorship include those related to physical, psychological, social, and spiritual well-being. In the domain of physical well-being, the areas of worst outcome were in menstrual changes and fertility, fatigue, and pain. In the domain of psychological well-being, predominant needs were in the areas of fear of the spread of cancer, distress from surgery, recurrence, fear of second cancer, impact on self-concept, and fear of future tests. The social well-being subscale identified the greatest disruption in the area of family distress. The spiritual well-being subscale showed greatest disruption in the area of uncertainty, although other aspects of this domain were usually rated in a positive direction (e.g., importance of religious activities).The data demonstrated the need for further research, assessment, and intervention across each of the quality-of-life domains. There is a significant need to address physical problems; however, the psychological domain demonstrated the greatest area of distress. The multidimensional needs of breast cancer survivors emphasize the need for multidisciplinary collaboration.

We targeted a mutant p53 gene (val135), previously shown to cause tumors in transgenic mice, to the kidney and eye using a gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase promoter. Although transgene RNA was expressed in both tissues, and mutant protein could be detected at high levels in the kidney and was appropriately localized to the nuclei of proximal tubules, no gross or microscopic lesions developed, even when mice were held as long as 75 weeks. When these mice were crossed with transgenic mice carrying HrasT24 (containing a codon 12 mutation) driven by the same promoter, the p53val135 transgene partially suppressed the mutant ras phenotype (proximal tubular hyperplasia and adenomas and carcinomas of the ciliary body and retinal pigment epithelium). The kidneys of double transgenic mice younger than 25 weeks showed less tubular hyperplasia and cystic change than littermates carrying gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase(I)rasT24 alone. By 33 weeks, there was no difference in the severity of the kidney lesions. The eye lesions were less aggressive, and no malignant lesions were identified. Our findings are consistent with the work of others, indicating that p53val135 is not tumorigenic under all conditions; in fact, in some circumstances, it retains some of the suppressing activity of wild-type p53.

Anti-Leu-7 (HNK-1, CD 57) antibody, a marker for natural killer lymphocytes, was employed by Ghali et al. (Hum Pathol 1992;23: 21-25) to study surgically resected formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded thyroid lesions. They demonstrated strong immunoreactivity of this antibody with thyroid carcinomas, both follicular and papillary, and only occasional weak immunoreactivity with colloid goiters and follicular adenomas. We studied cytologic specimens (primarily fine-needle aspiration biopsy specimens) from 44 thyroid lesions, including 10 follicular carcinomas, 14 follicular adenomas, seven adenomatous nodules, six papillary carcinomas, and seven cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. All follicular carcinomas exhibited immunoreactivity to anti-Leu-7 antibody, usually of a moderate to strong degree (9/10); however, six of 14 follicular adenomas yielded similar results. The patterns of immunoreactivity in the other lesions were similar to those previously described (Ghali et al., Hum Pathol 1992;23:21-25). It does not appear that anti-Leu-7 antibody can be used as a specific marker of malignancy in the cytologic assessment of follicular neoplasms of the thyroid.

Der von uns gewahlte Titel impliziert die in den Verhaltenswissenschaften seit Jahren anhaltende Diskussion um den Erklarungswert der Personlichkeits- vs. situationsspezifischen Merkmale fur menschliches Handeln (Epstein u. O’Brien 1985). Auch in der Copingforschung wurde immer wieder versucht, Personlichkeits- (trait) von situationstypischen (state) Anteilen zu trennen (Moos 1974; Prystav 1981). Unabhangig davon, ob sie in ihrem Forschungsansatz einem transaktionsorientierten Modell gerecht zu werden vermogen oder nicht, stutzen sich die meisten Copingforscher auf die theoretischen Annahmen von Lazarus (Lazarus u. Folkman 1984). Diese gehen bekanntlich von einer wechselseitigen Beeinflussung zwischen situativen Bedingungen und personbedingtem Coping aus, die erst gemeinsam eine prozeshafte Veranderung der individuellen Bewaltigung zu erklaren vermogen. Unserer eigenen Forschung haben wir ein entsprechendes Prozesmodell zugrunde gelegt (Heim 1986).

In a prospective longitudinal study over several years, 58 patients with breast cancer are compared to 52 patients with fibrocystic disease and 24 patients with mastodynia. Results of coping (as assessed with the Bernese Coping Modes) are presented for the illness course of the first 6 months: (1) There is considerable variation of coping depending on illness situation and illness state. A core group of coping modes is predominant in most situations: 'attentioncare', 'problem analysis', and 'Tackling'. In average 10 different coping modes were used by patients per given illness situation. (2) The different aspects of illness (in the same organ) ask for different coping. In the initial evaluation phase, however, the possibly fatal diagnosis overrides these differences. (3) Change over time (first 6 months) is net. Besides the core group of coping modes mentioned above, there is more variability in coping; in cancer a trend from a more fighting to a more accepting attitude is obvious; in fibrocystic disease more restricted coping is observed. Interdependence of coping with emotional stability and social adaptation will be studied as well.

A case of a large central neurofibroma of the left posterior maxilla is presented. This lesion was treated by a left radical maxillectomy because of the extensive nature of the tumor. The surgical defect was reconstructed with a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap. The incidence and clinical features of intraosseous benign nerve sheath tumors are discussed.

The effects of febarbamat and pipamperon on agitational and aggressive states of patients with diffuse psycho-organic syndrome were compared in a double-blind study on patients over 60 years of age requiring nursing care. Such disorders, particularly in the field of psychiatric gerontology, represent an increasing problem. The neuroleptic agents hitherto prescribed for such agitational states are not only beset with serious side-effects (predyskinesia, drug-induced Parkinson syndrome, sedentary restlessness, postdyskinesia), but particularly with an unwanted suppression of the patients' reactions. It was therefore of particular interest to find out if febarbamat showed an equally good therapeutic effect on aggressive and agitational states, without causing these side-effects (especially suppression of cognitive performance). This could have a positive effect on social and other therapeutic activities. The test substances were therapeutically comparable in their effect on agitational and aggressive states. On the psychological level, febarbamat showed superiority in the cognitive performance parameters.

Planting winter wheat in early September is a common practice in much of eastern Washington. A number of agronomic benefits are associated with planting early, but there is also a higher risk of cereal aphids infesting the crop with early planting. Caged experiments were conducted in the field during two crop seasons (1979–1980, 1981–1982) to assess population development and direct feeding effects of two cereal aphids, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) and Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), on winter wheat planted in early September and infested during the two-leaf, four-leaf, and two-tiller stages of development. Aphids were introduced at a rate of two to four per plant per species and allowed to feed uninterrupted until cold weather ended their activity in November. Data taken were: plant height, heads per plant, root and foliage weights, test weight, and grain yield. R. padi , singly or in combination with S. graminum , was generally more prolific than S. graminum . The largest aphid populations encountered were on wheats infested initially at the two-leaf stage. Injury to wheat was highest where aphid infestations started at the two-leaf stage, intermediate to none at the four-leaf stage, and none at the two-tiller stage. Mixed populations on two-leaf wheats caused the greatest damage, followed by pure populations of R. padi. S. graminum generally caused the least damage.

As these cases illustrate, the diagnosis of metastatic disease of the jaws requires a high degree of diagnostic astuteness because of its many possible clinical signs and symptoms, which can be nonspecific and resemble diseases of inflammatory origin. Histologic evaluation is essential in establishing a definitive diagnosis.

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Es ist eindrucklich festzustellen, wie die Literatur zur Psychoonkologie, also zu den Zusammenhangen von psychosozialen Faktoren mit Karzinomerkrankungen, in den letzten Jahren praktisch ins Uferlose angestiegen ist. Eine kurzlich erschienene Ubersicht von Buchern zum Thema Psychoonkologie der Jahre 1975–1985 von Koch und Haag (1986) konnte allein 47 Buchtitel auflisten! Auch wenn das Thema auf die Bewaltigung der Krebserkrankung, also auf Coping und Karzinom eingeschrankt wird, ist die Zahl der durch die internationalen Literatur-searches auszumachenden Publikationen enorm. In unserer eigenen kumulativen Erfassung sind es uber 200 Zeitschriftenartikel (von uber 800 Copingartikeln insgesamt!). Nach Inhaltsbereichen gegliedert, befast sich fast die Halfte der Forschung mit Karzinomerkrankungen der weiblichen Brust. Es sind wohl verschiedene Grunde, die zu dieser einseitigen Forschungsausrichtung gefuhrt haben. Zum einen ist die weibliche Brust ein symboltrachtiges Organ, das in unserer Kultur hoch gewertet wird, dies hat auch dazu gefuhrt, das in der Offentlichkeit die Bedeutung des Brustkrebses bevorzugt diskutiert wird. Zum andern ist aber der Brustkrebs nach wie vor das haufigste weibliche Malignom mit einer Inzidenz von 60–80 Neuerkrankungen pro 100.000/Jahr, resp. mit einer Mortalitatsrate von 36 pro 100.000/Jahr.

Die Bewaltigungsformen (BEFO) entstanden aus einer deskriptiven Betrachtung der Krankheitsbewaltigung uber Zeit. Eine rein pragmatische Einteilung in handlungs-, kognitions- und emotionsbezogene BEFO durch den Beurteiler erfolgt in einer Fremdeinstufung der BEFO. Eine Selbsteinschatzung der BEFO in Form eines Fragebogens liegt ebenfalls vor. Die Kodierung kann ordinal oder nominal erfolgen, je nachdem man nur die hervorstechendsten oder alle BEFO auswerten will.

This article reports 8 examples of a rare cyst of the jaws that appears to be a distinct entity and which we have named glandular odontogenic cyst because of its unusual histopathological features. This lesion occurs over a wide age range in both sexes, tends to recur, and may become very large. However, one example in this series remained small over a period of 9 years; another, somewhat atypical example, was associated with an ameloblastoma.

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