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Genipa americana L. is a tree species with socioeconomic and environmental potential. Popularly known as jenipapeiro, it is used in the production of wood and its fruits are considered one of the main recipes of small farmers, being also used in the recovery of degraded areas. The work aimed to evaluate and compare the traditional method (Pachymeter) and digital image obtained through a photographic camera to determine the height of the plant, height of insertion of the first leaf and diameter of the neck of American genipa. The study was carried out in the Flora-action-Seedlings nursery and in the Didactics II laboratory. In the nursery, 30 seedlings were analyzed randomly. In the same numerical sequence were the seedlings on the phenotyping platform where the images were captured, with a Sony Gps Hd Avchd progressive digital camera, attached at a height of 50 cm. The diameter of the stem (CD), the total height of the plant and the height of insertion of the last leaf were measured using the free ImageJ software, using images from digital cameras. Statistical analyzes were performed with the aid of the Sigmaplot program and analyzed using descriptive statistics to estimate measures of central tendency (mean) and dispersion (standard deviation and coefficient of variation). Through the results, it is possible to observe the high proportion of the two methodologies, being validated both for the traditional methods (caliper) and for the innovative method (digital image). Where the coefficients were high, showing the accuracy of the methods. Thus, it indicates that the digital camera can be very useful to measure the total height of a plant and can also be indicated for trees, shrubs and others. According to the data obtained, it can be said that there is precision between the methodologies used with manual measurement and digital images, using the ImageJ software, and its use is recommended for the analysis of the morphological characteristics of the species Genipa americana L.

Citrus fruits are among the most consumed fruits by Brazilians, being grown in practically all states. Phenotyping has been associated with non-destructive optical analysis of plant characteristics, due to the use of images. The present study had the objective of estimating the morphological characteristics of Pera Rio orange fruits (Citrus sinensis) acquired in the local trade of Alta Floresta through traditional methods and using the Tomato Analyzer softwer. Measurements were made regarding length and width with the aid of a digital caliper, fruit mass using a digital precision analytical balance, total soluble solids content (ºBrix), skin thickness and height of the endocarp. The volume was also measured using the water column displacement method (VDCA), estimated diameter values with the Tomato Analyzer program, the correlation between the volumes was performed, and regression model estimates were performed based on the SigPlot program. . It was found that there was a correlation between volume estimation by the water column displacement method (VDCA) and fruit volume using the diameter estimated by the digital image (IPV), revealing that the R2 correlation coefficient was 0.80. Through the obtained results it is possible to state that the Tomato Analyzer is efficient to evaluate the volume of orange Pera Rio fruits, being able to be indicated to characterize other citrus fruits.

The jambolan as it is popularly known as Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels, is of Indian origin. Studies in various areas require estimation of leaf area over the growing cycle. Leaf area is an important aspect in the analysis of photosynthetic efficiency of plants. The objective of the present study was to evaluate S. cumini leaf area determination methods based on measurements by caliper, leaf area integrator and previous image calibration in ImageJ Software, comparing both methodologies. The present study was developed at Mato Grosso State University Carlos Alberto Reys Maldonado - UNEMAT, Alta Floresta campus - MT. Fifty leaves were analyzed, which were numbered from 1-50 in length (C) and width (L) with the aid of a digital caliper and leaf area integrator (Leaf area integrator LI-COR 3100), for measuring leaf area (AF), after the sheets were scanned on an HP Photosmart C4680 flatbed scanner and processed using ImageJ software. Given the data found, it was found that the method used via digital imaging was accurate and showed a high correlation with manual measurement, indicating that the morphological characteristics of leaf area, length and width of Jambolão leaves can be estimated through analysis and analysis. Digital image processing.

The Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd. is a legume, occurring in all states of Brazil. This species has great importance for Brazilian flora due to its ornamental and forest value, its fruits are a source of food for several wild animals. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the biometric characteristics of ripe fruits of Inga laurina (SW.) WILLD. For the evaluation, 30 fresh fruits were randomly harvested from the crown of 4 individuals belonging to the species Inga laurina located in the municipality of Alta Floresta. The following were evaluated: length, width, basal diameter, apical diameter, number of seeds, skin thickness and sugar content. The data obtained were submitted to the statistical program R, Scoot Knott at a level of 5% of probability significance. With the results we can conclude that for the species Inga laurina there was no statistical difference between the individuals for the characteristics of length and width of the fruit. Only individual 4 differed from the others in terms of basal and apical diameter. The number of seeds varied from 2 to 3 seeds per fruit. The sugar content did not differ much from one individual to another, with a maximum value of 14.9% for individual 3.

The present work aims to estimate the length and width of the seeds, through the analysis of digital images and to validate the methodology through statistical data. To estimate the length and width of seeds via image analysis, 50 M.maripa seeds were used. The seeds were arranged in a decreasing way from 1 to 25 diagonally, on a matte black fabric, on a phenotyping platform, with a Sony Hd Avchd progressive digital Gps camera, coupled at a height of 50 cm. The images were captured by the camera in automatic mode, without flash, automatic ISO speed, in an RGB system and with a size above 2Mb. Soon after the seeds passed the traditional evaluation method with the aid of a digital caliper, measured in terms of length and width. The images were analyzed with the ImageJ software. Statistical analyzes were performed with the aid of the Sigmaplot program. The results of the length and width of the seeds of Inajá seen by the caliper and digital image via camera, were very distant, showing high dispersion and low correlation r = 0.4037 and R² = 0.1629 for length and r = 0.2985 and R² = 0.0891, showing that the Compared data had little similarity. The error between both the methodology was considered low: 3,81063 and 3,769 for the variables of seed length and width. The method of analysis by digital image and caliper for estimating the length and width of Maximiliana maripa seeds showed a low correlation between the two methodologies. The use of image analysis to estimate the length and width of M. maripa seeds is not indicated.

Averrhoa star fruit, popularly known as star fruit, native to Indonesia and Malaysia, belongs to the family Oxilacedaceae, is an ornamental and fruitful grove that gives rise to star fruit. The study of fruit and seed biometrics provides information for the conservation of the species with effective and sustainable use. In this sense the present study aims to study the fruit biometrics and Brixº content of A. carambola analyzing different populations. The analyzes were performed at the Cytogenetics and Plant Tissue Culture laboratory of the University of Mato Grosso State (UNEMAT), Alta Floresta campus. For biometric analysis, 30 fruits were collected from each population. Total length (mm), total width (mm), basal and apical measurements (mm), fresh mass (gr) and sugar content (%) were evaluated. Biometric data were evaluated by statistical analysis by Tukey test 5% probability, determined by the R program, version 3.3.2 with the aid of the ExpDEs version 1.1 package. Based on this study it can be concluded that the study of biometrics for the species A. carambola L is of great importance, because for this study the presented values of the estimated dimensions were high values for all measurements found except for the population three that presented low sugar content, being considered acid fruits. This factor may be related to soil characteristics, so further studies are recommended.

Castanheira-do-Brasil is a semi-deciduous species which belongs to forests made up of vegetation specific to the Amazon Forest biome. The objective of this work is to perform the leaf and adult morphometry of B. excelsa by the traditional method and to compare with image analysis processed using the ImageJ program. 30 images of chestnut trees were captured using a Sony GPS Avchd progressive câmera, in a commercial plantation, located between the coordinates 9.89974ºS and 56.32221ºW. The images were analyzed for total height, canopy width (DC), chest diameter height (DBH). All measurements were made using the ImageJ program. Statistical analyzes were performed using the Sigmaplot program. Leaves of B. excelsa were collected at random and measured for length and width manually with the aid of a ruler. The leaf area of these 50 leaves was estimated by the LI-COR® leaf area integrator. For the analysis by means of digital image, 50 photos were taken with the aid of a Sony GPS Avchd progressive camera, using a 50 cm high Phenotyping platform with a predefined scale. The images of the chestnut leaves were analyzed for length (CP) and width (L) in cm. All measurements were performed using the ImageJ program and the analyzes with the Sigmaplot program. The data obtained through digital images can be seen that the plants averaged 26.04 meters in height, 12.87 meters in canopy width and 0.80m in diameter at breast height. The relationship between the canopy width and the DAP allows the calculation of the maximum number of trees per hectare. The data obtained from the sum of the average length of chestnut leaves by the traditional method were 1575.1 cm, very close to the values found for the digital image method via a 1562.39 cm camera. For the variable leaf width, the sum via digital caliper was 547.1 cm and digital image 541.05 cm. The result obtained in this study is possible to state that there are significant relationships between all variables analyzed for the species B. excelsa. Where the ratio of canopy growth to increased plant height is proportionally equivalent.

Water contamination is much more common than imagined, because it is practically impossible today to have an ecosystem that has not suffered directly or indirectly from humans. Studies with the aim of genotoxicity and mutagenesis use bioindicators as the basis of tests, the most used are from the Allium ssp family. When we mention cytogenetic damage, the intensity depends mainly on the degree of exposure, quantity, chemical nature and of the possible combinations between the contaminants, also influenced by the characteristics and conditions of the environment in which the organisms considered bioindicators are submitted. The present work has the objective of analyzing the cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic effects induced by contaminating material that cause chromosomal alterations by means of mitotic index analysis using as bioindicator Allium sativum (garlic). The experiment was carried out at the Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Culture of Vegetable Tissues at the University of the State of Mato Grosso (UNEMAT) at the Alta Floresta Campus - MT. The soil was collected and stored separately using 200 grams of each sample with three treatments: surface, 20 cm and 40 cm deep, making a tea with 200 ml of distilled water and then measuring the pH. Using a direct method where the bioindicator is submitted directly to the tea solution, awaiting the emission of roots, and the indirect method, where the bioindicator is submitted first, the stimulation of root formation for 72 hours and then is submitted to contaminating solution. The plates readings to observe the interior of the cell using crushing techniques were performed in 24, 48 and 72 hours of experiment (indirect method) and 24 hours (direct method, also measuring the roots). With the results, we can state that the material used as pollutant (soil sample) has a cytotoxic and genotoxic potential in the bioindicator material, presenting high potential in the cell cycle induction, provoking various chromosomal aberrations.

Abstract: The species Tecoma stans L. from the Bignoniaceae family, popularly known as the garden ipê or ipê mirim, is considered a natural tree plant in Mexico and in the southern United States. It was brought to Brazil in 1871 as an invasive plant of degraded agricultural and abandoned pastures, much used in ornamentation of cities. The present work aimed to verify the efficiency of the alternative dyes boldo, bacupari, azul crepom and colorau, compared to the synthetic dye Lugol. In the preparation of the Lugol slides and the alternative solutions, the anthers were macerated with a drop of dye and covered with cover slip. For each dye were made five slides and counted 300 pollen grains / blade, adding a total of 1,500 pollen. The visualization of the material was performed through an optical microscope in dimension of 40x by the scanning method. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by the Tukey test at the 5% probability level. According to the data verified in the analyzes it was verified that all the dyes can be recommended for evaluation of the male fertility of the species Tecoma stans L. and that it presents high capacity fecundity. However, in the case of alternative dyes, the solution of paprika and paper crepe were the ones that presented the best results regarding the coloration of the pollen grain, presenting a better visual differentiation of the same between feasible and non viable.

The Lagerstroemia indica L. is a representative of the family Lythraceae, is popularly known as extreme, resedá rosa or madness. It is a small tree with dense and deciduous canopy, measuring from 2 to 4m high, resistant to dry climate and environmental conditions of cities. The present work aimed to evaluate the pollen feasibility of the Lagerstroemia indica L., through the dyes of 1% Green Malignant, Lugol 2% and Alexander Reactive and 2,3,5 Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) at the dilutions of 0.075% and 0.030%. In order to verify the pollen fertility, we used closed flowers from three populations of Lagerstroemia indica L., following the methodology of Guerra & Souza (2002), submitting the treatments. In the application of the TTC dye, anthers of fresh buds were arranged in two concentrations: 0.075% and 0.30%, being evaluated in the periods of 6:00 a.m., 12:00 a.m., 6:00 p.m. and 24:00 a.m. The use of R. dyes from Alexander, V. Malachite 1% and Lugol 2% and from TTC to determine pollen feasibility proved to be efficient in differentiating the fertile and infertile pollen from the species. In the use of TTC it is recommended to use in the 0.30% solution during 12h of fixation of the pollen granules, period in which a higher coloring average was obtained.

Dypsis lutescens is predominant in regions with tropical, subtropical and equatorial climate. Areca, has considerable commercial value in Brazil, is highly cultivated in large scale for landscaping and decoration purposes. The objective of this work was to evaluate the viability of D. lutescens pollen through the staining test, using Lugol 2%, 2% acetic Orcein, 1% Malachite Green, Methylene Blue, 1% Fuchsin, 5% Giemsa and the Reactive of Alexander. For the tested dyes, the viability of the pollen was determined by the staining aspect where it was considered feasible the protoplasm pollen with defined staining and unviable the pollen with stained exina and protoplasm absence. To prepare the slides, the floral buds were cut diagonally with the scalpel to remove the anthers, then the maceration process of the anthers was made with a glass stick, to release the pollen, with a drop of 0.5 mL of each dye, covering the material with a coverslip, after that the slide was observed in an optical microscope at 40x, using the scanning procedure, counting 300 pollen per slide, with 5 repetition for each dye, totalizing 1500 grains. In the present study, it is possible to conclude that Areca D. lutescens palm, although presenting low pollen viability percentages, for some dyes to which it was tested, Acetic orcein 2% Green malachite 1% Methylene blue and Guiemsa 5% showed good results to distinguish viable pollens from unviable ones, being these dyes indicated to test the pollen viability of the species.

Crossandra infundibuliformis L. (Acanthaceae) is a shrub native to India. It is an important ornamental plant in horticulture, possessing medicinal value, used to treat various diseases, in the extract of its leaves contains properties with antifungal, antimicrobial, etc. activities. The objective of this work was to estimate the pollen viability of C. infundibuliformis, found in three sites in the municipality of Alta Floresta-MT. For the study, a solution of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium (TTC) at concentrations of 0.075% and 0.30% was used with the material exposed at four different times and Lugol 2% dye. In the preparation of the slides using TTC, one drop of each treatment on the slide was then covered with a cover slip. In the Lugol 2% test, the anthers crushing technique was used in the preparation of the slides. In the estimation of the pollen viability of populations 01, 02 and 03 of C. infundibuliformis, colorimetric tests (TTC) and Lugol 2%) were efficient in distinguishing viable pollens from non-viable pollens. It was observed that for the two concentrations there was a gradual increase of the means as the time of exposure increased. The concentration of 0.30% presented the highest averages of pollen viability. The concentration of 0.075% presented average percentages of viability at all times. Before the treatments to estimate the pollen viability of the species, the concentration of 0.30% in the time of exposure of 24 hours was the best treatment for the distinct differentiation of the pollen grains. The viability averages of C. infundibuliformis were averages for TTC concentrations and high for Lugol dye 2%.